I.

AT VAN E :

Vi s phat trien manh me cua Khoa hoc K thuat trong nhng thap nien gan ay, nganh Bu chnh Vien thong a tao ra bc ngoac quan trong trong lnh vc thong tin e ap ng nhu cau cua con ngi. Hien nay, he thong thong tin qua mang ien thoai a c toan cau hoa, tr nen gan gui va quen thuoc vi con ngi. Nh he thong thong tin nay ma con ngi a khong b han che ve khoang cach lien lac. Trong lnh vc thong tin a ap ng c nhu cau can thong tin cua con ngi. Vay trong lnh vc ieu khien t ong th sao? Con ngi con b han che rat nhieu ve khoang cach trong lnh vc nay. That vay, trong viec ieu khien co nhieu cach nh : ieu khien bang tia hong ngoai, ieu khien bang vo tuyen nhng cac cach ay eu phu thuoc vao khoang cach, ch co tac dung trong pham vi ieu khien gan ma thoi! Vi s phat trien cua KHKT, vi mc o nhu cau cua con ngi ngay cang cao, oi hoi con ngi phai ieu khien c 1 thiet b ien nao o ma khong b han che ve khoang cach ieu khien. T o nhom sinh vien thc hien hnh thanh nen y tng e tai phai thiet ke 1 he thong dung ngay chnh ng truyen co san cua mang thong tin qua ien thoai e ieu khien. e tai nay a c cac anh ch khoa trc nghien cu va thiet ke rat co kha thi nh : ieu khien thiet b ien t xa bang ien thoai dung vi ieu khien cua Pham Minh Huy Vo nh Vnh nh (6A95K). Thiet ke mach ieu khien xa bang ien thoai dung IC so cua inh Hoang Tr Nguyen ai Thang (94TCK). Vi ket qua kha quan trong viec nghien cu va thiet ke e tai cua cac khoa trc a chac chan rang viec s dung ien thoai e ieu khien la mot van e hoan toan co the c, no se co tnh kha thi trong tng lai, phu hp vi xu the mi cua nhan loai. o cung chnh la van e ma nhom sinh vien tc hien e tai ang quan tam.
II. TAM QUAN TRONG CUA E TAI :

Vi nhng ket qua thu c trong viec s dung ien thoai ieu khien thiet b cua cac khoa trc a

chng minh e tai la 1 van e co that, co trong thc te, la 1 thctai khach quan ch khong phai la ieu khong tng. u iem cua viec dung ng truyen cua ien thoai e ieu khien thiet b la pham vi ieu khien rong, khong b han che ve khoang cach ieu khien, he au co ien thoai la co the ieu khien c thiet b. Ngi ieu khien ni ma co the ieu khien thiet b nhieu ni khac nhau, tham ch co the ieu khien thiet b trong nhng moi trng nguy hiem, oc hai ma con ngi khong the tham nhap vao e ieu khien thiet b c hoac 1 day chuyen san xuat thay the con ngi. V vay e tai nay la 1 van e khong nhng la 1 thc tai khach quan ma con co tam quan trong thc s trong hien tai cung nh trong tng lai.
III.

GII HAN VAN E :

Vi lng kien thc c truyen at trong suot khoa hoc, vi kha nang cua ban than va thi gian cho phep e thc hien e tai nen nhom sinh vien thc hien co nhng gii han cu the trong e tai e phu hp vi khuon kho kha nang va ieu kien ngien cu nh sau : Dung vi x l 8085 lam he thong ieu khien trung tam. He thong ieu khien ch thc hien chc nang ieu khien thiet b. Khong thc hien chc nang bao ong nh bao trom, bao chay hay t ong tra li ien thoai. Khong s dung tieng noi e bao trang thai cua thiet b ma s dung 2 am hieu nhac. Ch nghien cu nguyen l lam viec cua he thong tong ai may ien thoai e lam d lieu cho viec thiet ke ma khong nghien cu sau ve cau tao cung nh cach thc hoat ong ben trong cua tong ai va may ien thoai. Ch ieu khien he thong bang ien thoai hu tuyen. Ban phm hien th gom 12 phm so, 3 phm thc hien chc nang reset, at so password va 10 led hien th d lieu cua thiet b va ma ieu khien. Dung IC 74138 giai ma IO/M\ 3 ng thanh 8 ng, IC 74245 em d lieu 2 chieu, IC 74244 em d lieu 1 chieu, IC 74573 chot va tach d lieu ia ch.

ieu khien c toi a 8 thiet b ien. Ngoai chc nang ieu khien tat m thiet b, he thong con thc hien c chc nang cai at thi gian va reset ong loat cac thiet b ien. So password de dang cai at lai khi co nhu cau. Thiet ke ban phm ieu khien giong nh ban phm ien thoai thuan tien trong viec thao tac tren phm. Bo nh he thong s dung ROM 2764 8Kbyte va RAM 6264 8Kbyte. Vi dung lng bo nh con d se thc hien vao viec thiet ke cac chng trnh phuc vu cac chc nang khac nh : bao ong, t ong tra li ien thoai, t ong goi so may ien thoai c cai at san,. Phan mem do sinh vien Trnh Th My Hien nghien cu va thiet ke. Phan cng do sinh vien Trnh Quoc Dan nghien cu va thc hien.

IV. MUC CH NGHIEN CU :

Do thc tien hien nay, con ngi con b han che rat nhieu trong viec ieu khien t ong cac thiet b. Do o vi s ket hp gia s phat trien cua KHKT va cua nganh Bu chnh Vien thong, vi s co san cua ng truyen va hn na ien thoai ang la vat dung can thiet va quen thuoc cua con ngi nen nhom sinh vien thc hien nghien cu van e nay nham a y tng dung ien thoai e ieu khien thiet b tr thanh hien thc giup con ngi pha bo c nhng han che ve khoang cach trong lnh vc ieu khien t ong, cung nh phu hp vi xu the mi trong nganh t ong ieu khien.
V. KHAO SAT TAI LIEU LIEN HE :

ieu khien t xa bang ien thoai dung vi ieu khien cua sinh vien thc hien Pham Minh Duy Vo nh Vnh nh (6A95K). Thiet ke mach ieu khien xa bang ien thoai dung IC so cua inh Hoang Tr Nguyen ai Thang (94TCK) Sau khi nghien cu ve cac e tai nay, nhom sinh vien thc hien a phat hien ra nhieu thieu sot va t o hnh thanh nen y tng se phat trien e tai nay

thanh 1 he thong co tnh kha thi ap ng c nhu cau cua ngi s dung e tai nay khac cac e tai trc nhng g? Cac e tai trc cung ten c thiet ke nh sau : S dung vi ieu khien hay IC so. He thong ieu khien c 2 thiet b. Mat ma he thong ch co 2 ch so, xac suat ngau nhien bam ung mat ma cao. Trang thai ieu khien tai ch la tat hay m ma thoi (khong nh thi c). Bao trang thai tat/ m cua thiet b bang tieng noi. Ch ieu khien thiet b c khi ieu khien qua mang ien thoai ma thoi (tc la muon ieu khien thiet b bat buoc phai dung en ien thoai) rat bat tien khi can ieu khien tai ni at he thong. Khong hien th d lieu cua thiet b e quan sat c. Khong tat khan cap c cac thiet b cung mot luc.
VI. GII THIEU E TAI SINH VIEN KHAO SAT :

Nh a trnh bay tren, e tai Thiet ke he thong ieu khien xa cac thiet b ien co nh thi bang ien thoai hu tuyen la 1 e tai mang tnh ke tha nhng trong o no a c m rong ve pham vi s dung va pham vi ieu khien. ay la 1 e tai co tnh qui mo kha cao, no co the ap ng c nhu cau cua ngi s dung va co tnh kha thi phu hp vi nen KHKT hien ai cua nc nha. e tai nay a c nhom sinh vien nghien cu, m rong va phat trien nh sau : He thong ieu khien trung tam dung vi x ly 8085. He thong ieu khien c 8 thiet b. Mat ma he thong co 4 ch so (nang cao tnh b mat cua he thong v xac suat ngau nhien bam ung ma thap). Trang thai ieu khien thiet b ngoai chc nang tat / m con co the nh thi gian lam viec cho thiet b.

 Bao trang thai cua thiet b bang am hieu nhac (am bao tnh k thuat va tnh kinh te cho he thong). Ngoai chc nang ieu khien thiet b qua ien thoai, con co the ieu khien thiet b qua phm nhan at tai he thong ieu khien c thiet ke giong nh ban phm cua ien thoai. Hien th c d lieu cua thiet b thong qua 10 Led 7 oan gom co : 2 Led : hien th so ch thiet b can quan sat va ieu khien. 4 Led : hien th so thi gian cai at cho thiet b, ong thi hien th cho thay so mat ma khi can cai at lai. 4Led : hien th so thi gian lam viec con lai cua thiet b (em lui). Khi can thiet co the ieu khien tat khan cap cung luc 8 thiet b. Trong 8 thiet b c chia ra n v thi gian tnh nh sau :
3 thiet b lam viec vi thi gian cai at c t

(1 < 3) gi vi n v tnh la giay.

3 thiet b lam viec vi thi gian cai at c t

(1 < 160) gi vi n v tnh la phut.

2 thiet b lam viec vi thi gian cai at c t

(1 9999) gi vi n v tnh la gi. Tuy theo lng thi gian cai at c va theo n v tnh ma ngi s dung cai at thiet b sao cho hp l. VII.GIAI THCH THUAT NG : Thiet ke he thong ieu khien xa cac thiet b ien co nh thi bang ien thoai hu tuyen. Thuat ng : co nh thi noi len c ban chat cua he thong la co the ngoai chc nang ieu khien tat m thong thng con co the cai at thi gian lam viec cho thiet b ien. Thuat ng : ien thoai hu tuyen : do kha nang ban than, tnhhnh nghien cu va ieu kien th nghiem nen e tai nay gii han ch s dung ien thoai co day (hu tuyen) e ieu khien ma khong s

dung ien thoai di ong, ien thoai vo tuyen e ieu khien thiet b ien.

CHNG II

C S LY LUAN

I. Dan y nghien cu:

Thiet ke cau truc s o khoi cua thiet b. Thet ke khoi x ly trung tam CPU & ngoai vi. Thiet ke phan ban phm va hien th. Thi cong phan cng phan mem thiet b. Hng dan s dung phan cng cua thiet b.

II. oi tng nghien cu:

oi tng nghien cu chu yeu la cac e tai cung ten cua khoa trc va c s bai giang ve tong ai ien thoai.
III. Phng phap va phng tien nghien cu :

1. Phng phap : Tham khao tai lieu: Chu yeu la cac tai lieu co kien thc lien he en ky thuat so, ky thuat ien t, ngoai vi va vi x ly. Thc nghiem : Ket noi phan cng giao tiep vi ng truyen cua ien thoai e biet c cach hoat ong cu the cua cac IC chuyen dung trong lnh vc vien thong; ket noi phan cng vi x l, cac ngoai vi tren testboard va ket noi vi kit VXL 8085. Viet chng trnh e th nghiem cach hoat ong cua tng ngoai vi.

2. Phng tien :

Ngoai thiet b thc tap VXL 8085 cua trng HSP Ky Thuat TP.Ho Ch Minh, cac dung cu o ac nh dao ong ky, may phat song, ong ho VOM e thc hien e tai nay con phai thiet ke mot so mach phu hay dung testboard e th nghiem cac ngoai vi khao sat nh 8253, 8279, MT8870.
IV. Thi gian nghien cu :

Theo phan cong cua bo mon ien t, thi gian thc hien e tai c tnh t ngay 18/12/1999 en ngay 28/02/2000.

LY TUYET TONG QUAT VE TONG AI MAY IEN THOAI

I.

GII THIEU TONG QUAT VE TONG AI :

nh ngha ve tong ai : Tong ai la mot he thong chuyen mach co he thong ket noi cac cuoc lien lac gia cac thue bao vi nhau, vi so lng thue bao ln hay nho tuy thuoc vao tng loai tong ai, tng khu vc. Chc nang cua tong ai : Tong ai ien thoai co kha nang : Nhan biet c khi thue bao nao co nhu cau xuat phat cuoc goi. Thong bao cho thue bao biet mnh san sang tiep nhan cac yeu cau cua thue bao. X l thong tin t thue bao chu goi e ieu khien ket noi theo yeu cau. Bao cho thue bao b goi biet co ngi can muon lien lac. Giam sat thi gian va tnh trang thue bao e ghi cc va giai toa. Giao tiep c vi nhng tong ai khac e phoi hp ieu khien.

Phan loai tong ai : 3.1. Tong ai cong nhan : Viec ket noi thong thoai, chuyen mach dc vao con ngi. 3.2. Tong ai c ien : Bo phan thao tac chuyen mach la he thong c kh, c ieu khien bang he thong mach t. Gom hai he thong chuyen mach c kh c ban : cuyen mach tng nac va chuyen mach ngang doc. 3.3 Tong ai ien t : Qua trnh ieu khien ket noi hoan toan t ong, v vay ngi s dung cung khong the cung cap cho tong ai nhng yeu cau cua mnh bang li noi c. Ngc lai, tong ai tra li cho ngi s dung cung khong the bang li noi. Do o, can qui nh mot so thiet b cung nh cac tn hieu e ngi s dung va tong ai co the lam viec c vi nhau.

3.3.1. a quay so : moi may ien thoai eu co ban phm so, nham gi cac con so cua thue bao b goi en tong ai. 3.3.2. Cac am hieu : Tn hieu mi quay so : Khi thue bao nhac to hp e xuat phat cuoc goi se nghe am hieu mi quay so do tong ai cap cho thue bao goi, la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so 425 25 Hz lien tuc. Tn hieu bao ban : Tn hieu nay bao cho ngi s dung biet thue bao b goi ang trong tnh trang ban hoac trong trng hp thue bao nhac may qua lau ma khong quay so th tong ai gi am hieu bao ban nay. Tn hieu bao ban la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so 425 25 Hz, ngat quang 0.5 giay co va 0.5 giay khong. Tn hieu chuong : Tn hieu chuong do tong ai cung cap cho thue bao b goi, la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so 25 Hz va ien ap 90V hieu dung. ngat quang tuy thuoc vao tong ai, thng 3 giay co va 4 giay khong. Tn hieu hoi chuong : Tn hieu hoi chuong do tong ai cap cho thue bao b goi, la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so 425 25 Hz la hai tn hieu ngat quang tng ng nhp chuong.

3.3.3. Phng thc chuyen mach cua tong ai ien t : Tong ai ien t co nhng phng thc chuyen mach sau : Tong ai ien t dung phng thc chuyen mach khong gian (SDM : Space Devision Multiplexer) Tong ai ien t dung phng thc chuyen mach thi gian (TDM : Timing Devision Multiplexer) : co hai loai. Phng thc ghep kenh tng t theo thi gian (Analog TDM) gom co :

+ Ghep kenh bang phng thc truyen at cong hng. + Ghep kenh PAM (PAM : Pulse Amplitude Modulation). Trong ky thuat ghep kenh PCM ngi ta lai chia 2 loai : ieu che Delta va ieu che PCM.

Ngoai ra, oi vi tong ai co dung lng ln va rat ln (dung lng len en c vai chuc ngan so) ngi ta phoi hp ca hai phng thc chuyen mach SDM va TDM thanh T S T, T S, S T S . u iem cua phng thc ket hp nay la tan dung toi a so link trong va giam bt so link trong khong can thiet, lam cho ket cau cua toan tong ai tr nen n gian hn. bi v, phng thc ghep kenh TDM luon luon tao ra kha nang toan thong, ma thong thng oi vi tong ai co dung lng ln, viec d link la khong can thiet. Ngi ta a tnh ra thong thng ch co toi a 10% cac thue bao co yeu cau cung 1 luc, nen so link trong ch can at 10% tong so thue bao la u. Tong ai ien t dung phng thc ghep kenh theo tan so (FDM : Frequence Devision Multiplexer).
II. GII

THIEU THOAI :

TONG

QUAT

VE

MAY

IEN

1. Cac thong so c ban cua may ien thoai :

Tong ai c noi vi cac thue bao qua 2 c truyen TIP va RING. Thong qua 2 ng day nay thong tin t tong ai qua cac thue bao c cap bang nguon dong t 25 mA en 40 mA (trung bnh chon 35 mA) en cho may ien thoai. Tong tr DC khi gac may ln hn t 20 K Tong tr AC khi gac may t 4K en 10K Tong tr DC khi nhac may nho hn 1K (t 0,2K 0,6K ).
2. Cac hoat ong tren mang ien thoai:

Tong ai nhan biet trang thai nhac may cua thue bao hay gac may bang cach s dung nguon mot chieu 48VDC. Khi gac may tong tr DC bang 20K rat ln xem nh h mach. Khi ngac may tong tr DC giam xuong nho hn 1K va hai tong ai nhan biet trang thai nay thong qua dong DC xuat hien tren ng day. Sau o, tong ai cap tn hieu mi goi len ng day en thue bao.
3. Quay so :

Ngi goi thong bao so mnh muon goi cho tong ai biet bang cach gi so may ien thoai cua mnh muon goi en cho tong ai. Co hai cach gi so en tong ai : - Quay so bang xung (Pulse Dialing) : c thc hien bang cach thay oi tong tr DC cua mach thue bao tao nen xung dong vi so xung tng ng vi so muon quay. - Quay so bang Tone (Tone Dialing) : May ien thoai phat ra cung luc hai tn hieu vi tan so dao ong khac nhau tng ng vi so muon quay (DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequence) theo bang sau : Bang 1 : phan loai tan so tn hieu Tone Phm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 #
4. Ket noi thue bao :

Tan so thap (Hz) 697 697 697 770 770 770 852 852 852 941 941 942

Tan so cao (Hz) 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477

Tong ai nhan c cac so lieu se xem xet : -

Neu cac ng day noi thong thoai eu b ban th tong ai se cap tn hieu bao ban. Neu ng day noi thong thoai khongb ban th tong ai se cap cho ngi b goi tn hieu chuong va ngi goi tn hieu hoi chuong. Khi ngi c goi nhac may, tong ai nhan biet trang thai nay, th tong ai ngng cap tn hieu chuong e khong lam h mach thoai va thc hien viec thong thoai. tn hieu tren ng day en may ien thoai tng ng vi

tn hieu thoai cong vi gia tr khoang 300 mV nh nh. Tn hieu ra khoi may ien thoai chu s suy hao tren ng day vi mat mat cong suat trong khoang 10 dB 25 dB. Gia s suy hao la 20 dB, suy ra tn hieu ra khoi may ien thoai co gia tr khoang 3 V nh nh.
5. Ngng thoai :

Khi mot trong 2 thue bao gac may, th tong ai nhan biet trang thai nay, cat thong thoai cho ca 2 may ong thi cap tn hieu bao ban cho may con lai
6. Tn hieu thoai:

Tn hieu thoai tren ng day la tn hieu mang cac thong tin co nguon goc t am thanh qua trnh trao oi gia 2 thue bao. Trong o, am c tao ra bi cac dao ong c hoc, no truyen moi trng dan am.

ien trong thanh trong

Khi truyen i trong mang ien thoai la tn hieu thng b meo dang do nhng ly do : nhieu, suy hao tn hieu tren ng day do bc xa song tren ng day vi cac tan so khac nhau. e am bao tn hieu ien thoai nghe ro va trung thc, ngay nay tren mang ien thoai ngi ta s dung tn hieu thoai co tan so t 300 Hz 3400 Hz.
III.

PHNG THC HOAT ONG GIA TONG AI VA MAY IEN THOAI :

Tong ai nhan dang thue bao goi nhac may thong qua s thay oi tong tr mach vong cua ng day thue bao. Bnh thng khi thue bao v tr gac may ien tr mach vong la rat ln. Khi thue bao nhac may, ien tr mach vong thue bao giam xuong con khoang t 150 en 1500 . Tong ai co the nhan biet s thay oi tong tr mach vong nay (tc la thay oi trang thai cua thue bao) thong qua cac bo cam bien trang thai. Tong ai cap am hieu mi quay so (Dial Tone) coho thue bao. Dial Tone la tn hieu mi quay so hnh sin co tan so 425 25 Hz. Khi thue bao nhan biet c tn hieu Dial Tone, ngi goi se hieu la c phep quay so. Ngi goi bat au tien hanh gi cac xung quay so thong qua viec quay so hoac nhan nuy chon so. Tong ai nhan biet c cac so c quay nh vao cac chuoi xung quay so phat ra t thue bao goi. Thc chat cac xung quay so la cac trang thai nhac may hoac gac may cua thue bao. Neu cac ng ket noi thong thoai b ban hoac thue bao c goi b ban

thtong ai se phat tn hieu bao ban cho thue bao. Am hieu nay co tan so f = 425 25 Hz ngat nhp 0,5s co 0,5 s khong. Tong ai nhan biet cac so thue bao goi en va nhan xet : Neu so au nam trong tap thue bao th tong ai se phuc vu nh cuoc goi noi ai. Neu so au la so qui c goi ra th tong ai phuc vu nh mot cuoc goi lien ai qua trung ke va gi toan bo phan nh v so quay sang tong ai oi phng e giai ma. Neu so au la ma goi cac chc nang ac biet, tong ai se thc hien cac chc nang o thue yeu cau cua thue bao. Thong thng, oi vi loai tong ai noi bo co dung lng nho t vai chuc en vai tram so, co them nhieu chc nang ac biet lam cho chng trnh phuc vu thue bao them phong phu, tien li, a dang, hieu qua cho ngi s dung lam tang kha nang khai thac va hieu suat s dung tong ai. Neu thue bao c goi ranh, tong ai se cap tn hieu chuong cho thue bao vi ien ap 90Vrms (AC), f = 25 Hz, chu k 3s co 4s khong. ong thi, cap am hieu hoi chuong (Ring Back Tone) cho thue bao goi, am hieu nay la tn hieu sin f = 425 25 Hz cung chu k nhp vi tn hieu chuong gi cho thue bao c goi. Khi thue bao c goi nhac may, tong ai nhan biet trang thai may nay tien hanh cat dong chuong cho thue bao b goi kp thi tranh h hong ang tiec cho thue bao. ong thi, tien hanh cat am hieu Ring Back Tone cho thue bao goi va tien hanh ket noi thong thoai cho 2 thue bao. Tong ai giai toa mot so thiet b khong can thiet e tiep tuc phuc vu cho cac cuoc am thoai khac. Khi hai thue bao ang am thoai ma 1 thue bao gac may, tong ai nhan biet trang thai gac may nay, cat thong thoai cho ca hai ben, cap tn hieu ban (Busy Tone) cho thue bao con lai, giai toa link e phuc vu cho cac am thoai khac. Khi thue bao con lai gac may, tong ai xac nhan trang thai gac may, cat am hieu bao ban, ket thuc chng trnh phuc vu thue bao.

Tat ca hoat ong noi tren cua tong ai ien t eu c thc hien mot cach hoan toan t ong. Nh

vao cac mach ieu khien bang ien t, ien thoai vien co the theo doi trc tiep toan bo hoat ong cua tong ai moi thi iem nh vao cac bo hien th, canh bao. ien thoai vien co the trc tiep ieu khien cac hoat ong cua tong ai qua cac thao tac tren ban phm, he thong cong tac.cac hoat ong o co the bao gom : nghe xen vao cac cuoc am thoai, cat cng bc cac cuoc am thoai co y o xau, to chc ien thoai hoi ngh. Tong ai ien t cung co the c lien ket vi may ien toan e ieu khien hoat ong he thong. ieu nay lam tang kha nang khai thac, lam tang dung lng, cung nh kha nang hoat ong cua tong ai len rat nhieu.

VI X L 8085 :
1. nh

ngha

cac

chan

8085

X1 X2 RESET(OUT) SOD SID TRAP

Hnh 3.1. S o chan va cac tn hieu cua 8085

RST7.5

RST6.5

+5V

GND

Serial I/O Ports

SID SOD TRAP RST 7.5 RST 6.5 RST 5.5 INTR

5 4 6 7 8 9 10

1 X1

2 X2

40 20 Vss Vcc 28 A15 High Outer Address Bus 21 A8

Interrupts and Externally Initiated Signals

8085

AD7

19 Multiplexed Address/Data Bus 12 30 29 33 34 32 31 11 18 ALE S0 S1 IO/M RD WR INTA HLDA

READY HOLD RESET IN

35 39 36

AD0

Control and Status Signals

21

21

RESET OUT

CLK OUT

8085A 8 BIT HMOS MICROPROCESSOR

PIN DESCRIPTION : SYMBOL TYPE NAME AND FUNCTION

A8 A15

AD0 AD7

I/0

ALE

Address Bus : 8 bit cao cua a ch bo nh hay bo nh I/0. 8 bit a ch nay se trang thai tr khang cao (high impedance) = 3 state khi vi x ly Reset hay che o Hold and Halt Multiplexed Address/ DataBus : 8 bit a ch thap va Data a hp. chu ky au tien (T1) cua chu ky may la byte thap cua a ch o nh hoac khoi xuat nhap. hai chu ky tiep theo la d lieu. Cau tao ngo ra 3 trang thai : trang thai High Z che o Hold, Halt va trong luc Reset. Address Latch Enable : chu ky au cua xung ong ho ALE = 1 cho biet AD0 AD7 la bus a ch c dung lam tn hieu e ieu khien IC chot a ch hay e tach 8 bit a ch thap va d lieu.

Machine Cycle Status : ngo ra cho biet trang thai hoat ong trong 1 chu ky may cua vi x ly. IO/M\ S1 S0 Trang thai 0 0 1 Mem WR 0 1 0 Mem RD 1 0 1 I/0 WR 1 1 0 I/0 RD 0 1 1 nhan lenh (opcode Fetch) 1 1 1 - nt 1 1 1 nhan yeu cau ngat * 0 0 HALT (trang thai dng) * X X HOLD * X X RESET (*) trang thai High Z (3 stated) (X) khong xac nh : unspecified Read Control: Dung e xac nh vi x ly ang thc hien lenh oc ve t bo nh hoac cong vao ra, tac ong mc thap, cau tao ngo ra 3 trang thai : trang thai tong tr cao che o Hold, Halt va trong luc Reset. Write Control : tac ong mc thap, khi co mc thap tac ong vao W R th se xac nh rang vi x ly ang thc hien lenh ghi data vao bo nh hoac cong a c xac nh. Khi Ready mc cao trong 1 chu ky oc hay viet th no se cho biet bo nh hoac thiet b ngoai vi a san sang gi hoac nhan d lieu. Vi x ly se ch neu ngo nay mc thap. Mot linh kien chu ong dung tn hieu nay e oi vi x ly nhng quyen s dung bus a ch va d lieu. Vi x ly se lay lai sau khi tn hieu nay b xoa. Khi tn hieu Hold c vi x ly xac nhan th a ch, d lieu, RD , WR va ng I0/ M cua vi x ly trang thai tong tr cao High - Z

S0, S1, IO/

M

RD

WR

READY

HOLD

HLDA

Hold Acknowledge : xac nhan lenh Hold. Tn hieu nay cho biet vi x ly a nhan c lenh Hols va chap nhan nhng Address bus va Data bus chu ky xung Clock tiep theo. Ngo ra nay se tr lai mc thap khi khong con yeu cau Hold. Vi x ly se lay lai Address bus va Data bus sau chu ky xung Clock ke t luc ngo ra HLDA mc thap. Interrupt Request : ng yeu cau ngat.

INTR

Dung cho cac yeu cau ngat thong dung chung, vi x ly se nhan ra sau khi thc hien xong 1 ch th. Neu INTR c tac ong th thanh ghi con tro lenh PC se c ngan khong cho tang na va 1 tn hieu ra li ngat INTA\ c phat ra. ngat nay co the che c bang phan mem va khong co hieu lc trong luc Reset hoac trong khi vi x ly ang thi hanh 1 chng trnh phuc vu ngat. Interrupt Acknowledge : tn hieu dung e bao cho thiet b yeu cau ngat dung tn hieu INTR. Khi ngo ra mc thap th cho biet vi x ly a chap thuan yeu cau ngat va thiet b yeu cau ngat hay at lenh len data bus. Restart Interrupts : ay la 3 ng yeu cau ngat co mc o u tien cao hn INTR c ieu khien bi lenh SIM. RST 7.5 co the kch bang canh, RST 6.5 va 5.5 co the kch bang mc. La 1 ng yeu cau ngat khong the ngan c. No c to chc giong nh INTR hay RST 5.5; 6.5; 7.5. ay la ngat co mc u tien cao nhat va khong the che c bang phan mem. Ngo vao co the kch bang canh len hay mc cao.

INTA\

RST 5.5; 6.5; 7.5

TRAP

RESET IN

ng tn hieu nay dung e at lai thanh ghi con tro (hay bo em chng trnh program counter) ve 0, ong thi xoa cac Flip Flop cho phep ngat, cac FF xac nhan lenh Hold (HLDA). Bus d lieu, a ch va cac ng ieu khien se trang thai tong tr cao (3 stated) trong luc Reset. Cac thanh ghi ben trong cua vi x ly va cac c trang thai co the b thay oi bi Reset vi ket qua khong the oan trc c.

RESET-OUT

Tn hieu nay dung e bao rang vi x ly ang b Reset. Co the dung tn hieu nay e Reset he thong. Tn hieu nay ong bo vi xung Clock cua vi x ly. X1, X2 c noi vi thach anh, mach dao ong LC, RC e ieu khien mach tao xung Clock ben trong vi x ly. X1 co the noi ti 1 nguon xung Clock ngoai. Tan so ngo vao se b chia oi bi mach chia ben trong vi x ly. Tan so lam viec cc ai cua ngo vao tuy thuoc vao loai vi x ly: Max 6 MHz oi vi 8085A. Max 10 MHz oi vi 8085A 2. Ngo ra xung ong ho co tan so bang phan na tn hieu ngo vao tai X1, X2. Serial Input Data Line : ngo vao d lieu noi tiep. D lieu tren ngo vao nay se c nap vao bit 7 cua bo tch luy (Accumultor) khi co lenh RIM. Serial Output Data Line : ngo ra d lieu noi tiep. Ngo ra nay se c at hay xoa bi lenh RIM.

X1, X2

CLK

SID

SOD

VCC : Power + 5 volt supply VSS : Ground Ten Mc u tien a ch ngat (*) Tn hieu tac ong

TRAP 1 24H Canh len va mc cao RST 2 3CH Canh len 7.5 RST 3 34H Mc cao 6.5 RST 4 2CH Mc cao 5.5 INTR 5 (**) Mc cao Ghi chu : (*) : vi x ly cat thanh ghi PC vao ngan xep trc khi nhay en a ch ngat. (**) : a ch ngat phuc vu vao ch th goi ngat.
2. Cau truc ben trong va tap lenh (xem phu luc).

I.

IC CHOT, EM TUYEN A CH VA D LIEU CHO 8085 :

1. CHOT TUYEN A CH THAP : Trong mot he thong vi x l dung 8085, bat buoc phai chot (Latch) tuyen a ch thap e giai a hp (demultiplex) tuyen AD7 AD0 thanh hai tuyen rieng biet : tuyen a ch thap A7 A0 va tuyen d lieu D7 D0. Tuyen AD7 AD0 c ket noi nh la ngo vao en mach chot 74LS573. Tn hieu ALE c noi en chan cho phep (G) cua mach chot, tn hieu ieu khien ngo ra (OC) cua mach chot c noi at (luon chap nhan). Khi ALE mc cao, ngo ra cua mach chot thay oi tuy theo d lieu (a ch) vao. Khi ALE xuong thap byte a ch 05H c chot cho en khi co ALE tiep theo va ngo ra cua mach chot ai dien tuyen a ch thap A7 A0 cho 8085

AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 Hnh 3.2 : S o mach chot tuyenAD5 a ch thap. Hnh 3.2 trnh bay toan bo tuyen a ch A A va AD6 tuyen d lieu D D sau hoat ong chot. AD7

Tuye ch n a d u a lie h t x p vi l 8085

7 0

2. EM TUYEN A CH CAO :

Mach em (buffer) la mot mahc logi e khuech ai dong ien hoac cong suat. Mach em ve c ban c s dung e lam tang kha nang lai (driver) cua mot mach logic.

ALE

Hnh 3.3, trnh bay 74LS244, mot mach em 1 chieu (v tuyen a ch la tuyen 1 chieu, hng t vi x l en cac thiet b ngoai vi) e lam tang kha nang lai cua tuyen a ch cao. Ve c ban cac tuyen cua 8085 co the cap dong 400 A(IOH = - 400 A) va rut dong 2 mA (IOL = 2 mA) : chung ch co the lai mot tai logic TTL. Mac du ben trong 8085 a co cac mach em d lieu va a ch nhng theo khuyen cao cua cac nha che tao, mot he thong vi x l co t 10 thanh phan tr len nen dung cac mach em. Mach 74LS244 co kha nang cap dong 15 mA va rut dong 24 mA. 3. EM TUYEN D LIEU : Hnh 3.3, cung trnh bay 74LS245, mot mach em 2 chieu e lam tang kha nang lai cua tuyen d lieu. 74LS245 co the rut dong 24 mA va cap dong 15 mA.

74LS245 co 8 ng d lieu 2 chieu : hn cua dong d lieu c xac nh bi chan ieu khien hng (DIR).

Tuye ch n a cao cu vi x a l 8085

A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15

Hnh 3.3 : S o mach em tuyen a ch cao va tuyen d lieu Hnh 3.3, chng to rang mach em luon c phep nh noi at tn hieu G\. hng cua dong d lieu c xac nh bang cach noi tn hieu RD\ t vi x l en tn hieu DIR. Khi vi x l ghi (Write) vao 1 ngoai vi, RD\ len cao va dong d lieu t vi x ly en cac ngoai vi. Khi vi x ly ang oc (Read) t mot ngoai vi, RD\ xuong thap va dong d lieu hng en vi x l, tuyen a ch thap khong can thiet phai c em trong he thong nay (neu em cang tot) v trong ban than mach chot 74LS573, d lieu a ch a c em roi. Tuyen ieu khien, neu co em th cach thc thc hien nh la 1 tuyen a ch cao.

D0 D1

Trong he thong vi x l, cac ngoai vi c ket noi dang song song gia tuyen a ch, tuyen d lieu va tuyen ieu khien. Vi x l ch thong tin vi mot trong cac thiet b tai mot thi iem, khi o phai cach li tat ca cac thietb con lai. Viec s dung cac mach 3 trang thai (Tri State) se giai quyet c van e nay. II. IC GIAI MA A CH : Trong mot he thong vi x ly, ngoai cac phan t nh (ROM, RAM), vi x ly con phao thong tin vi cac I/O ngoai vi (8253, 74LS573, 8279 .). e vi x ly hieu rang, no ang hay can thong tin vi bo nh nao (ROM hay RAM), hoac vi I/O nao va vi phan t nao trong mot thiet b (o nh nao, thanh ghi nao, trang thai, ieu khien hay thanh ghi d lieu). Bat buoc, van e giai ma a ch phai c thc thi.
Cac phng phap giai ma a ch :

Co tat ca 3 phng phap e giai ma a ch : 1. Giai ma Address Decoding). a ch tng phan (Partial

2. Giai ma a ch toan phan (Full Address Decoding) 3. Giai ma a ch theo khoi (Block Address Decoding). Co nhieu k thuat khac nhau e thc hien 1 trong 3 phng phap tren : (1) Giai ma a ch dung logic ngau nhien (Address Decoding using Random Logic). (2) Giai ma a ch dung cac bo giai ma m ng sang n ng (Address Decoding Using m line to n line decoders). (3) Giai ma a ch bang PROM (Address Decoding with PROM). (4) Giai ma a ch dung day logic lap trnh PLA Cac ky thuat giai ma neu tren eu co u iem va nhng han che rieng cua no. Tuy theo ieu kien thc te ma chon phng phap thch hp. Cac k thuat nay eu co the ap dung cho bo nh va I/O ngoai vi. oi vi e tai nay, nhom sinh vien nghien cu, chon la phng phap giai ma a ch dung bo giai

ma m ng sang n ng. Cu the trong e tai dung IC 74LS138 giai ma 3 ng sang 8 ng. S o chan va s o Logic cua IC 74LS138 (xem phan phu luc). III. IC GIAI MA HIEN TH 8279 : 1. S o chan va cac tn hieu vao/ ra : 8279 la IC c che tao e lap trnh quet va hien th led 7 oan khi dung vi vi x ly cua Intel. 8279 co the giao tiep vi 64 phm t ma tran phm cung nh co the giao tiep vi 1 mang cam bien hay phm do nh hieu ng Hall. Ban phm co the hoat ong 2 che o (2 key lockout) khoa ngoai 2 phm hoac xoay vong N phm (N key Rollover). S go phm c giai nay va ma phm se c lu vao bo nh FIFO ben trong 8279 co 8 o nh FIFO (First in First out) dung e lu tr ma phm. Khi a lu tr het ma cua 8 phm th neu co phm c tac ong th ma cua phm o se c ghi e len o nh au cua bo nh FIFO. Moi lan go phm se tao ra 1 tn hieu ngat bao cho vi x ly biet. Phan hien th cung cap tn hieu quet hien th cho led hay cac loai hien th pho bien khac. Ch va so hien th di dang led ch the hien dang c ban. 8279 co 16 o nh hien th RAM 8 bit, 16 o nh nay cung co the xay dng thang 2 to hp 16x4 phm. Phan hien th co the khi tao dang ghi phai hoac ghi trai (Left Right Entry). Co the oc hay ghi len bo nh RAM hien th va a ch hien th co the tang 1 cach t ong.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

DB0-7 CLK RESET /CS /RD /WR A0 IRO SLO-3 RLO-7 SHIFT

I/O I I I I I

Data Bus (Bidirectional) Clock Input Reset Input Chip Select Read Input Write Input

Buffer Address I O Interrupt Request Output O I I Scan Line Return Lines Shift Input Control Strobe Input Display (A) Output Display (B) Outputs Blank Display Output

CN/ST I OUT A0-3 O OUT B0-3 O /BD O

Hnh 3.4 : S o chan va cac tn hieu vao/ra cua 8279

OUT A0 CLK RESET DB0-DB7 IRQ

Data Buffer

Internal Data Bus (8) Keyboard Debounce and Control

Display Address Registers

16 x 8 Display RAM

Control and Timing Registers

8x8 FIFO/Sensor RAM

Timing and Control

BD

Hnh 3.5 : S o khoi cua 8279 2. Lap trnh va khi tao 8279 (xem phan phu luc) IV. IC NH THI LAP TRNH C 8253 :
1.

Gii thieu 8253. 8253 la mot ngoai vi nh thi gian lap trnh c (Programmable interval timer/counter) co chc nang tng t nh cac bo em va bo nh thi c thiet ke bang phan mem. 8253 la mot thiet b co 24 chan, dang DIP, do Intel che tao, oi hoi nguon n + 5V. No phat ra nhng tr hoan thi gian chnh xac va co the c s dung cho cac ng dung nh la ong ho thi gian thc, bo em s kien, chia tan so, mach dao ong one-shot, may phat song vuong va may phat dang song phc tap .

8253 cha ba bo em 16 bit co the co the khi tao hoat ong oc lap vi nhau. Moi bo em co the khi tao hoat ong trong 6 che o ma 8253 co the th hien c. Viec khi tao 8253 co the th hien theo nhieu kieu kha n gian. 8254 co s o chan va cac chc nang tng thch vi 8253 nhng no co the oc trc tiep d lieu cua bo em ang thc hien ma khong phai dung lenh chot oc ve nh 8253, tan so hoat ong cua 8254 cung cao hn nhieu. Cac bo em cua 8253 co the khi tao hoat ong che o em BCD hay em nh phan. 2. Cau tao, nguyen tac hoat ong va cach lap trnh oi vi 8253 : (xem phan phu luc.)
V. GII THIEU IC MT 8870:

MT8870 la mot linh kien ISO CMOS bao gom cac mach loc va giai ma cho s ghi nhan mot cap tone (tan so chuan DTMS : Dual Tone Multi Frequency) vi au ra la ma 4 bit nh phan. No thch hp cho cac ng dung cac thiet b ieu khien t xa, he thong ien thoai nhan so, tong ai noi bo PABX, he thong the tn dung, may tnh ca nhan S o chan :

Hnh 3.6 : s o chan MT8870 - PIN 1(IN+) : Non Investing op-amp, ngo vao khong ao.
-

PIN 2 (IN-) : Investing op-amp, ngo vao ao. PIN 3 (GS) : Gain Select ,giup truy xuat ngo ra cua bo khuech ai vi sai au cuoi qua ien tr hoi tiep . PIN 4 (Vref) : Reference Voltage (ngo ra) thong thng bang VDD/2.

PIN 5 (INH) : Inhibit (ngo vao) khi chan nay mc logic cao th khong nhan dang c ky t A, B, C ngo ra (undelected). PIN 6 (PWDN) : Power down (ngo vao), tac ong mc cao. Khi chan nay tac ong th se cam mach dao ong va IC 8870 hoat ong . PIN 7 (OSC 1) : Clock go vao MHz . PIN 8 (OSC 2) : Clock ngo ra . Noi hai chan 7 va chan 8 vi thach anh 3,58 MHz e tao mot mach dao ong noi . PIN 9 (Vss) : ien ap mass. PIN 10 (TOE) : Three Stage Output Enable (ngo vao), ngo ra Q1 Q4 hoat ong khi TOE mc cao. PIN 11 14 : t Q1 Q4 ngo ra, khi TOE mc cao cac chan nay cung cap ma tng ng vi cac cap tone do tm c (theo bang chc nang), khi TOE mc thap d lieu ngo ra trang thai tr khang cao . PIN 15 (STD) : Delayed Steering (ngo ra), mc cao khi gap tan so tone a dc ghi nhan va go ra chot thch hp, tr ve mc thap khi ien ap tren ST/ GT ngo hn ien ap ngng VTST . PIN 16 (EST) : Early Steering (ngo ra), chan nay len mc [1] khi bo thuat toan nhan c cap tone va tr ve mc [0] khi mat tone . PIN 17 (ST/GT) : Steering Input /Guard tune output (ngo ra), khi ien ap VC ln hn VTST th ST se ieu khien do tm cap tone va chot ngo ra . PIN 18 (VDD) : ien ap cung cap, thng la + 5V. 2.1. S o khoi :(hnh ve trang ben) 2.2. Chc nang :

S o khoi va chc nang :

IC thu tone MT 8870 bao gom mot bo thu DTMF chat lng cao (kem bo khuech ai ) va mot bo tao DTMF giup cho viec tong hp ong ngat tone c chnh xac . 2.2.1. Cau hnh ngo vao : Thiet ke au vao cua MT8870 cung cap mot bo khuech ai OPAMP ngo vao vi sai cung nh mot ngo vao VREF e ieu chnh thien ap cho au vao tai

VDD/2. Chan GS giup noi ngo ra bo khuech ai vi ngo vao qua mot ien tr ngoai e ieu chnh o li. 2.2.2. Khoi Dial tone filter: Khoi nay se tach tn hieu tone thanh nhom tan so thap va nhom tan so cao. Thc hien viec nay nh 2 bo loc thong qua bac 6. Mot t 697 HZ en 941 HZ va mot t 1209 HZ en 1633 HZ. Ca hai nhom tn hieu nay c bien oi thanh xung vuong bi bo do Zero Crossing . 2.2.3. Khoi High group filter va Low group filter :
-

High group filter la bo loc 6 e loc nhom tan so cao co bang thong t 697 HZ en 941 HZ. Low group filter la bo loc 6 e loc nhom tan so thap co bang thong t 1209 HZ en 1633HZ . Ngoai ra, co bo Zero crossing detectors co nhiem vu do mc khong e bien oi tn hieu thanh xung vuong .
VDD Vss VRef

PDWN

Bias circuit

Chip pow Chip Bias er

IN+ IN
-

VRef Bulfer Q1 process

Zero Crossing Detectors Low

+ -

Dial tone Filter

GS

Group Filter To all chip clocks

Digital Detectio n Argorith m

Code Convert er And Latch

Q2 Q3 Q4

Steering logic

OSC1

OSC2

ST/GT

EST

STD

TOE

Hnh 3.7 : S o khoi MT8870 2.2.4. Khoi Digital detection argorethm:

Khoi nay la bo thuat toan dung ky thuat so e xac nh tan so cua cac tone en va kiem tra chung tng ng vi tan so chuan DTMF. Nh giai thuat lay trung bnh phc tap (complex averaging) giup loai tr cac tone gia tao thanh do tieng noi trong khi van bao am mot khoang bien ong cho tone thc do b lech. Khi bo kiem tra nhan dang c hai tone ung th au ra EST (Early Steering) se len mc active (tac ong ). Luc khong nhan c tn hieu tone th ngo ra EST se mc Inactive (khong tac ong ). 2.2.5. Mach Steering: Trc khi thu nhan mot cap tone a giai ma, bo thu phai kiem tra xem thi hang cua tn hieu co ung khong. Viec kiem tra nay c thc hien bi mot bo RC mac ngoai. Khi chan EST len high (mc logic cao ) lam cho Vc tang len khi tu xa. Khi ma chan Est van con high trong mot thi oan hp le th Vc tien mc ngng VTST cua logic Steering e nhan mot cap tone . ien the VC chnh la ien the ngo vao ST/GT, do o ngo vao ST/GT co ien the ln hn mc ngng VTST , ieu nay lam cho cap tone c ghi nhan va 4 bit d lieu tng ng c a vao ngo ra cua bo chot . Luc o chan EST cung vi chan ST/GT van tiep tuc mc cao. Cuoi cung sau mot thi gian tre ngan cho phep viec chot d lieu thc hien xong th chan STD cua mach Steering len mc logic cao bao hieu rang cap tone a c ghi nhan . D lieu thu c se i ra 2 chieu (data bus) khi mach Steering c oc. Mach Steering lai hoat ong nhng theo chieu ngc lai e kiem tra khoang dng gia hai so quay. V vay bo thu va bo qua cac tn hieu qua ngan khong hp le lai va chap nhan cac khoang ngat qua nho khong the coi dng gia cac so. Chc nang nay, cung nh kha nang chon thi hang steering bang mach ngoai cho phep ngi thiet ke ieu chnh hoat ong cho phu hp vi cac oi hoi khac nhau cua ng dung . 2.2.6. ieu chnh thi gian bao ve: Thi gian toi thieu cap tone xuat hien e am bao cho viec nhan chnh xac la : Tpec = tDD+ tGTP
-

tDD : thi gian t khi co cap tone on nh cho en khi chan EST len mc logic cao , thi gian nay la thi gian do c cap tone co nh .

tGTP : thi gian bao ve bao am s co mat cua cap tone . tpec : thi gian toi thieu cap tone xuat hien . thi gian toi thieu cua s xuat hien gia 2 cap tone la : tID = tDA +tGTA

tDA : thi gian do c s mat cap tone . tGTA : thi gian bao ve cho viec xac nh cap tone b mat . tID : thi gian xuat hien toi thieu gia 2 cap tone . 2.2.7. Mach clock DTMF :

Mach clock ben trong c s dung co tan so cong hng la 3,579545 MHZ . Mot nhom IC MT8870 co the c noi vi nhau dung chung mot dao ong thach anh . VII. GII THIEU BO NH :
1. Bo nh ch oc (ROM 2764) :

Loai bo nh nay c thiet ke e lu tr cac d lieu co nh. Trong luc hoat ong bnh thng d lieu mi khong the nao ghi c vao ROM, d lieu ch co the oc ra t ROM. oi vi bo nh ROM : d lieu lu tr trong ROM gan lien vi qua trnh che tao ROM. Qua trnh a d lieu vao ROM goi la lap trnh cho ROM. S o chan va bang trang thai lam viec cua ROM

2764 :

Bang2 : Bang trang thai lam viec cua EPROM 2764 : MODE Read Stand by Program Program Verify Program Inhibit CE\ VIL VIH VIL VIL VIH OE\ VIL X X VIL X PGM\ VIH X VIL VIH X VPP VCC VCC VPP VPP VPP VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC OUTPUT DOUT High Z DIN DOUT High Z

Hnh : s o chan ROM 2764 Ram la bo nh truy xuat ngau nhien co ngha la bat k o nh nao cung de dang truy xuat nh nhng o nh khac. Ram c dung e lu tr tam thi cac chng va d lieu, noi dung cac o nh trong Ram thay oi lien tuc khi thc hien chng trnh. ieu nay oi hoi chu k oc, ghi phai nhanh e Ram khong lam giam toc o hoat ong cua he thong. Khuyet iem cua Ram la d lieu lu tr trong Ram se mat khi mat nguon cung cap, ieu nay c cai thien bang nguon pin d phong.

2. Bo nh RAM 6264 :

S o chan va bang trang thai lam viec cua RAM

6264 :

Bang 3 : Bang trang thai lam viec cua RAM 6264 MODE Not select Not select Output Disable Read Write WR\ X X H H L CS\ H X L L L CS X L H H H OE\ X X H L H OUTPUT High Z High Z High Z DOUT DIN

Hnh : s o chan RAM 6264

CHNG IV: S O KHOI CUA MACH IEU KHIEN THIET B IEN BANG IEN THOAI Y TNG THIET KE : e ong ngat, ieu khien 1 thiet b nao o, ta co nhieu cach nh : ieu khien xa bang vo tuyen, tia hong ngoai, Nhng y tng thiet ke nay la dung chnh ng truyen co san cua ien thoai e ieu khien. u iem cua viec dung ien thoai ieu khien la pham vi ieu khien rong, khong b han che ve khoang cach, he au co ien thoai la co the ieu khien c.
I.

T nen tang cua cac e tai cung ten khoa trc, nhom sinh vienthc hien nghien cu va thay e tai nay rat co tnh kha thi nhng v con rat nhieu tieu sot, cha tan dung va phat huy het tac dung cua he thong ieu khien. Cung nh e tai khoa trc cha mi neu len c mot he thong ieu khien mi phu hp vi s phat trien manh me cua KHKT, cha the hien c la 1 he thong co tnh qui mo phu hp vi nhu cau s dung trong viec ieu khien thiet b. Nay nhom sinh vien thc hien e tai nay nham khac phuc nhng thieu sot vi y tng thiet ke nh sau : e ieu khien, au tien bam so ien thoai can goi. Sau 1 thi gian o chuong nhat nh, neu khong ai nhac may th mach se ong tai gia ket noi thue bao. Luc nay ngi ieu khien khong nghe thay am hieu hoi chuong th bat au thc hien viec ieu khien theo th t nh sau : Giai oan 1: - bam ma m may (mat ma ieu khien) gom 4 ch so do chnh ngi ieu khien quy nh trc. Trong giai oan nay, neu bam sai mat ma mach ieu khien se bao am hieu nhac. Con neu bam ung mat ma mach ieu khien se khong bao am hieu va san sang nhan lenh ieu khien. Giai oan 2 : - Bam ma chon thiet b can ieu khien (gom 8 thiet b) : so 1 ch thiet 1, so 2 ch thiet b 2, , so 8 ch thiet b 8. Trong giai oan nay, neu bam so 9 th mach se tat khan cap that ca 8 tai mot luc (trng hp nay ch nen s dung khi that can thiet khan cap). Neu bam ma t 1 8 th khi ngi ieu khien nhan chon thiet b nao mach se bao trang thai hien

thi cua thiet b qua 2 am hieu khac nhau tng ng vi trang thai tat/m cua thiet b. Giai oan 3 : trong giai oan nay, sau khi biet c trang thai hien thi cua thiet b, ngi ieu khien se thc hien viec ieu khien thiet b nh mong muon theo 1 trong 3 kieu sau : + Muon tat thiet b : bam ma 0. + Muon thiet b lam viec khong nh thi gian (tai ch tat khi co lenh tat) : bam ma 00. + Muon thiet b lam viec co nh thi gian th bam so tng ng vi lng thi gian muon cai at. Sau khi ieu khien xong, ngi ieu khien gac may ien thoai th luc nay khong co lenh ieu khien gi en mach th sau thi gian khoang 30 giay mach se t ong ngat mach ket noi thue bao. Nh a trnh bay tren, muon ieu khien thiet b nao th thiet b o phai noi vao mach ieu khien. Do o nay sinh ra van e la muon ieu khien thiet b ma khong can phai dung en ien thoai e ieu khien th sao? e giai quyet van e nay, nhom sinh vien thc hien thiet ke e tai theo hng nh sau Thiet ke he thong ieu khien qua ien thoai. Thiet ke he thong ieu khien thong qua phm nhan giong nh ban phm ien thoai at tai cho mach ieu khien. Cach ieu khien cung giong nh qua ien thoai. Thiet ke phm nhan ieu khien tai moi thiet b e tien trong viec ieu khien thiet b gom 3 phm nhan : On Off Tat khan cap.

II. S O KHOI :

Nhan va giai ma DTMF

Tip Ring Cam bien tn hieu chuong Khoi ket noi thue bao Khoi khuech ai va bao am hieu nhac Khoi nguon III. NHIEM Khoi nh thi

Khoi vi x l trung tam 8085 va bo nh

Khoi quet phm, giai ma va hien th

Khoi khong nh thi

Khoi reset thiet b

Khoi cong suat ngo ra

CUA TNG :

VU Hnh 3.1 : S o khoi cua he thong ieu khien KHOI

1. Khoi cam bien chuong :

Khoi cam bien chuong c mac song song vi hai ng day Tip va Ring cua thue bao. Khi tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho may ien thoai thue bao, th khoi nay co nhiem vu nhan biet tn hieu chuong. Bnh thng khi khong co tn hieu chuong th ngo ra mc logic cao va khi co tn hieu chuong th ngo ra co mc logic thap. Cac tn hieu khac nh : tn ien thoai, tn hieu tone, tn hieu bao ban, hoi chuong khong tac ong en khoi nay. Mat khac, khoi cam bien chuong phai bao am s cach ly ve ien v tn hieu chuong co mc ien ap cao t 75 Vrms 90 Vrms trong khi ngo ra cua khoi phai phu hp vi mc logic 0 la 0V va mc logic 1 la 5V .
2. Khoi ket noi thue bao :

Khi tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho thue bao, th khoi cam bien chuong nhan biet c tn hieu chuong va a en khoi x ly trung tam. Khoi x ly trung

tam ieu khien khoi ket noi thue bao, luc nay khoi ket noi thue bao co vai tro la ong tai gia cho thue bao, e tong ai cho thong thoai 2 thue bao vi nhau. Khi khoi nay tac ong th ien tr vong cua thue bao giam xuong thap tao nen ong tac nh co ngi nhac may e tong ai cho thong thoai vi nhau. ong thi khoi nay cung phai bao am c s truyen tn hieu thoai t thue bao gi i hoac nhan tn hieu thoai t pha thue bao ben kia gi en.
3. Khoi nhan va giai ma DTMF :

Khi tong ai cho thong thoai gia hai thue bao, neu tren ng day thue bao co xuat hien tn hieu tone, th khoi nay se nhan c va giai ma chung ra thanh 4 bit tng ng. Tn hieu tone co 2 day tan so : mot day co tan so t 697 HZ en 941 HZ, con day kia co tan so t 1209 HZ en 1633 HZ. Ca 2 day tan so nay eu nam trong day thong thoai. Khi mot cap tan so theo tieu chuan DTMF xuat hien co nh tren ng day thue bao th khoi nay co nhiem vu giai ma thanh 4 bit tng ng. ong thi mc logic cua chan ieu khien ngo ra cua khoi nay phai a ra mot xung mc logic cao e tac ong en khoi x ly trung tam va 4 bit tng ng a giai ma c a en khoi giai ma va hien th.
4. Khuech ai am tan :

Tn hieu am tan vi bien o tn hieu be khong u sc tai tren ng day thoai v vay chung c khuech ai u ln, 1 phan a ra loa, 1 phan tai tren ng day ien thoai e phan hoi ve ngi ieu khien .
5. Khoi cong suat ra :

Khi nhan c lenh tat m nh thi cua khoi x ly trung tam, th khoi cong suat se ket noi tai. Khoi cong suat co nhiem vu khuech ai va chuyen oi mc ieu khien co dong nho thanh tn hieu ieu khien co dong ien ln hn e ong ngat c relay va ket noi tai. 6. Khoi quet phm, giai ma va hien th : Khoi nay co nhiem vu quet phm, giai ma va hien th khi co phm b tac ong. ong thi khi khoi vi x l trung tam co tn hieu tac ong th khoi nay ket hp vi khoi vi x ly trung tam giai ma va hien th d lieu ieu khien.

7. Khoi nh thi : Khoi nay co nhiem vu nhan lenh ieu khien thiet b lam viec co nh c thi gian. 8. Khoi khong nh thi : Khoi nay co nhiem vu nhan lenh ieu khien thiet b lam viec khong nh thi gian. 9. Khoi reset thiet b : Khoi nay nhan lenh ieu khien tat tng thiet b hoac tat khan cap ong loat 8 thiet b. 10. Khoi nguon : Khoi nguon am nhan nhiem vu cung cap ien ap cho toan mach. Trong o : - nguon +5V cung cap cho cac IC va relay ong thue bao. - Nguon +12V cung cap cho 8 relay 12VDC ieu khien thiet b ien. IV. GIAI THCH MOI QUAN HE GIA CAC KHOI : Khi ngi ieu khien t xa goi so may cua ien thoai ni can ieu khien th tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho thue bao neu thue bao o khong ban. Mach ieu khien c mac song song vao ng day cua thue bao. Luc nay, khoi cam bien chuong phat hien tn hieu nay va ngo ra thay oi mc logic t cao xuong thap. S thay oi mc logic nay tac ong vao bo em tn hieu chuong. Sau khi khoi cam bien tn hieu chuong nhan u so lan chuong qui nh se tac ong vao khoi ket noi thue bao. Khoi ket noi thue bao se ong tai gia vao ng day ien thoai. luc nay tong ai ngng cap tn hieu chuong va ket noi thong thoai cho 2 thue bao. Khi a thong thoai, ngi ieu khien nhan ung ma password th he thong se san sang nhan lenh ieu khien. Neu nhan sai ma password th khoi tao am hieu se phat ra am hieu nhac e bao rang ma password b sai. Sau khi ngi ieu khien bam ung mat ma, ngi ieu khien se bam ma chon thiet b muon ieu khien. Luc nay khoi nhan va giai ma DTMF se giai ma so bam thanh ma nh phan 4 bit gi vao khoi vi x ly trung tam. Khoi vi x ly nhan ma thiet b, oc c s d lieu cua thiet b o va ieu khien khoi bao nhac bao trang thai hien thi cua thiet b nham muc ch gi nh cho ngi ieu khien. Khi biet c trang

thai cua thiet b ngi ieu khien se nhan lenh tat m - nh thi gian lam viec. Tuy theo ma lenh ieu khien ma cac khoi : nh thi, khong nh thi, reset thiet b se nhan lenh va thc hien viec ieu khien khoi khoi cong suat ong ngat relay. ong thi lenh ieu khien t khoi quet phm giai ma va hien th d lieu len 10 led 7 oan. Viec nhan dang phm nao b nhan c khoi giai ma DTMF quyet nh. Khi ngi ieu khien nhan 1 phm, mot cap tan so DTMF truyen tren ng day ien thoai. Tan so nay nam tren day thong cua tn hieu thoai, mot tan so cao va mot tan so thap nen khong the trung lap vi tn hieu ngi noi. Khi giai ma DTMF va hien th so c nhan, 4 bit c giai ma a vao khoi vi x ly trung tam e x l. Khi khong nhan phm (tc la khong con tn hieu ieu khien), bo em trong khoi cam bien chuong se thc hien viec em thi gian. Sau khi em u so thi gian qui nh khoi ket noi thue bao thc hien viec giai toa thue bao. Ngi ieu khien co the gac may bat c luc nao muon ngng ieu khien, mach se t ong ngat ket noi thue bao sau mot khoang thi gian nhat nh e giai toa thue bao.

CHNG VI : TNH TOAN THIET KE MACH PHAN CNG

S O MACH CPU GIAO TIEP NG TRUYEN BAN PHM HIEN TH:

1. KHOI CAM BIEN CHUONG :

1.1.
1

S o mach : xem hnh trang ben

1.2. Nguyen l hoat ong :

Khi tong ai cap chuong cho thue bao. Tn hieu chuong co cac thong so 75Vrms 90Vrms, f = 25 Hz, 3 giay co 4 giay khong. Tn hieu nay qua tu C1, tu C1 co nhiem vu ngan dong DC ch cho tn hieu chuong i qua. ong

thi C1 tao ra sut ap AC lam giam bien o tn hieu chuong. Sau o tn hieu chuong qua cau diode e chnh lu toan k. Muc ch cua cau diode khong nhng tao ngo ra cua cau diode tn hieu ien ap co cc tnh nhat nh ma con tang oi tan so gn song, nhap nho cua tn hieu, nh vay tan so gn song sau khi qua cau diode la 50Hz. Khi tan so ln hn th viec triet tieu o nhap nho cua tn hieu de hn. tu C2 dung loc bt o nhap nho nay. tn hieu i qua diode Zener, qua R1 phan cc thuan cho diode OPTRON. DZ co tac dung chong nhieu, neu nhieu co mc ien ap nho hn ien ap ngng Vz th Dz khong dan, khong cap dong cho diode phat quang cua Optron. Khi diode optron phan cc thuan, diode nay phat sang kch vao chan B cua BJT quang lam cho BJT quang dan bao hoa, lam ien ap cc E cua BJT quang len mc [1], mc logic nay c qua 2 mach tch phan va vi phan ket hp vi 2 cong ao e ieu khien bo em (4518) em so lan o chuong.

1.3. Thiet ke va tnh toan : Tnh toan :

Hnh : mach nhan tn hieu chuong

Tn hieu chuong cua tong ai cap cho thue bao co ien ap hieu dung khoang 75Vrms en 90Vrms , tan so 25 HZ . Chon dong qua optron la Ioptron = 4mA ,sut ap tren led optron khoang 1,1V Chon C1 la tu khong cc tnh co thong so C1 = 0,47 F / 250 V tan so cua tn hieu chuong ,tu C1 co tr khang : Z (c 1 ) = = 2 * 3,14 * 25 * 0,47 *10 6 = 13,6 K C Nh vay ,ien ap tren tu C1 la : V(c1) = Ic1 * Iopto = 113,6 K *4mA =54.4V Chon ien ap tn hieu chuong la 75 Vrms
1 1

ien ap qua diode cau la : Vdiode 1,1 = 19,5V Chon diode zener co Vz = 15 V Tnh ien tr R20 : R20 =

cau

= 75 Vc1 VD =75 54,4

V diodeca u V Z V ledopto19 ,5 15 1,1 I opto

=
4m A

= 850

Chon R20 = 1K Tu C6 ,C7 la tu loc cau diode, chon C6 = C7 =10 F / 50 V Chu y : ien ap chu ng cua C1 phai chon sao cho ln hn 2 lan ien ap nh cua tn hieu chuong, tc la : Vc > 2 *90 2 250V Chon cau co diode co dong chu ng 1A. Ta chon optron la 4N35 co cac thong so :
-

IF = 10mA ( dong ien qua diode ben trong optron coupler) VCEO = 30V He so truyen at 100%. Mach ien ngo ra dung transistor Hieu ien the cach ien VDC =3350V ien the cua diode ben trong optron la 1,5V tai IF =10mA
-

VCE = 0,3V tai dong ngo ra la Ic =5mA

KHOI KET NOI THUE BAO : 2.1. S o mach :

2.2. Nguyen l hoat ong : Diode cau c mac song song vao 2 ng day Tip Ring. Tren ng day nay khong nhng co tn hieu am thoai AC ma con co hieu ien the DC , do o diode cau nay khong co chc nang chnh lu ma co tac dung chong ao cc. Khi relay ong mach xuat hien dong chay qua diode cau nhng ch co 2 diode c phan cc thuan nen dan. Khoi tao tr khang giong nh 1 thue bao nhac may gom T12, R11, R12, C5 c mac nh hnh ve tao thanh 1 nguon dong e lay dong o vao mach giong nh cua mot thue bao cua bu ien. T12 co nhiem vu thay the 1 thue bao tren lnh vc tr khang. ien tr DC cua mot may ien thoai la 300 , ien tr xoay chieu tai tan so f = 1 KHz la 700 30%. Tong tr vao cua mach phai phu hp vi cac thong so tren tu C5 nham loc xoay chieu. Nen ve mat xoay chieu xem nh T12 h mach. Tn hieu AC khong anh hng en tr khang DC cua mach.

2.3. Thiet ke va tnh toan : Chon T12 la C2383 co cac thong so :

-

Pc max = 900mW
a IC mx = 1A

= 60

320 100mA .ien tr vong qua mach tai

Dong thong thoai cua tong ai cap en mach co dong t 20mA gia khoang 150
= 60

1500 . Ta chon :

Dong DC cua tong ai cap :IDC =20mA Chon tong tr DC cua tai la:9V ien ap do sut ap cua cau diode la 1V. Chon VCE =6V
9V 1V 6V =100 20 mA

R4 =

dong IB = I C = I DC = 20 mA =0,3333mA

60

R11 =

9V 1V I DC * R4 = IB

=16,2K

Chon R11 =18K Tu C5 triet tieu tn hieu thoai c chon sao cho: ZC4 << * R4
1 << * R4 * C4

vi =2

=300HZ la tan so thap nhat cua tn hieu C5 >> 2f * * R 4

1

thoai ,thay vao ta c :

1

F C5 >> 2 * 3,14 * 300 * 60 *100 =0,09

F Chon C5 =10 /50V.

KHOI NHAN VA GIAI MA DTMF : 3.1. S o mach :

3.2. Nguyen l hoat ong : ien ap tai ngo vao ST/GT goi la ien the VC. Ban au cap tan so cua ma tone c qua bo loc tan so (dial tone filter). Bo nay se tach tn hieu thanh hai nhom. Mot nhom tan so thap, mot nhom tan so cao. Viec nay thc hien c nh bo loc thong day bac sau. Nhom th nhat se loc thong day tan so t 697HZ en 941HZ va nhom th hai se loc thong day tan so t 1209 HZ en 1633 HZ. Hai nhom tn hieu nay c bien oi thanh xung vuong bi bo do Zero crossing. Sau khi co c xung vuong, xung nay c xac nh tan so va kiem tra chung co tng ng vi cap tan so chuan DTMF hay khong nh thuat toan trung bnh phc hp (complex averaging). Nh ky thuat nay ma mach se bao ve c cac tone gay ra t tn hieu ben ngoai ma tn hieu nay lam cho sai lech tan so nho. Khi bo do cung nhan u co hai tone thch hp th ngo ra EST se len mc cao. EST len mc cao se lam cho VC tang en ngng nao o ma ln hn VTST th se tac ong vao ngo ST/GT lam cap tone c ghi nhan. Luc nay ien the tai VC tiep tuc tang len. Sau mot thi gian tre nhat nh th ngo ra STD se chuyen len mc cao. Luc nay cap tone a c ghi nhan va san sang truy xuat ngo ra neu ngo TOE mc tch cc cao th 4 bit ma a giai ma c se truy xuat ra ben ngoai. Sau mot thi gian chuyen trang thai len mc cao ngo STD se chuyen xuong mc thap va V C giam

xuong, khi VC <VTST th se ieu khien thanh ghi do cap tone mi . Nh vay khi xuat hien 1 cap tan so tone tren ng day ,qua tu C6 a vao ngo vao IN th ngo ra se xuat hien dang nh phan 4 bit tng ng . 3.3. Thiet ke va tnh toan mach nhan va giai ma DTMF : Cac thong so cua 8870 do nha san xuat hng dan. Cac gia tr ien tr, tu ien, thi gian an toan, bao ve c nha san xuat a ra : R5 =R6=100K 1% R7 =300K 1% C6 =C7=100nF 5% Xtal =3,579545 MHZ 0,1% Cac thong so ky thuat cua mach nhan va giai ma DTMF: Iol =2,5mA IoH=0,8mA
A Illl =0,1

VCC =+5V IDD =3mA, dong nguon cung cap P =15mW KHOI QUET PHM, GIAI MA VA HIEN TH : 4.1. S o mach :(hnh ve trang ben) 4.2. Thiet ke : Do yeu cau cua e tai nen trong e tai co thiet ke khoi nay nham muc ch co the ieu khien thiet b tai cho khong can thong qua ien thoai. Trong khoi nay chu yeu s dung IC 8279 co chc nang quet phm, giai ma va hien th led 7 oan. Khoi nay c thiet ke nh sau : -

IC 8279 thc hien chc nang quet phm va hien th. IC 74154 thc hien chc nang giai ma 4 ng thanh 16 ng e m rong so lng phm nhan. IC 7414 ao mc logic t [1] [0] a vao cac chan cua led 7oan Anode chung. S dung 10 led e hien th :

 2 Led hien th so ch thiet b. 4 Led hien th so thi gian cai at. ong thi hien th ma password mi khi thc hien viec thay oi ma. 4 Led hien th so thi gian con lai cua thiet b trong qua trnh em. Ban phm ieu khien gom co 15 phm nhan. Trong o gom co : 10 phm so t [0..9]. 2 phm chc nang *, #. 1 phm reset vi x ly 8085. 1 phm thay oi password. 1 phm reset bo em tn hieu chuong.

KHOI CPU VA BO NH : 5.1. S o nguyen l : 5.2. Nguyen l hoat ong : Khi mach hoat ong, vi x ly kiem soat he thong bang cach quet t a ch au en a ch cuoi trong vung nh 64Kbyte (v 8085 co 16 ng a ch A0 A15). V vi x ly khong co bo nh trong nen can phai co bo nh ngoai e lu tr nhng chng trnh e vi x ly hoat ong. v vi x ly trung tam la cau noi trung gian gia cac thiet b ngoai vi vi nhau cung chung tren Data Bus.

Trong mot he thong vi x ly, ngoai cac phan t nh (ROM, RAM), vi x ly con phai thong tin vi cac I/O ngoai vi (8253, 74LS573, 8279 .). e vi x ly hieu rang, no ang hay can thong tin vi bo nh nao (ROM hay RAM), hoac vi I/O nao va vi phan t nao trong mot thiet b (o nh nao, thanh ghi nao, trang thai, ieu khien hay thanh ghi d lieu). Bat buoc, van e giai ma a ch phai c thc thi. Theo thiet ke, he thong gom co 10 phan t I/O ngoai vi va 2 phan t nh (ROM, RAM). He thong s dung 2 IC 74138 e thc hien viec giai ma, trong o 1 IC dung giai ma theo bo nh, 1 IC dung giai ma theo I/O. V IC 74138 co chc nang giai ma 3 ng thanh 8 ng nen co 8 phan t ngoai vi c giai ma theo kieu I/O, 2 phan t ngoai vi c giai ma theo kieu bo nh cung v ROM va RAM. Ban o giai ma IO/ M c trnh bay trong bang sau : Bang 2 : bang o giai ma kieu bo nh:

II. KHOI IEU KHIEN THIET B :

Trong khoi nay bao gom cac mach nh : nh thi, khong nh thi, reset tai, ieu khien bao am hieu, mach relay ieu khien cong suat ngo ra, mach tao xung 60Hz. S o nguyen l cu the nh sau :(xem hnh trang ben)
1. Khoi nh thi :

Trong khoi nay s dung IC 8253 ket noi vi vi x ly 8085 c lap trnh cai at so em cho thiet b. Moi IC co 3 bo em, trong mach s dung 3 IC8253 e cai at so em ieu khien 8 tai. Tn hieu ngo ra cua 8253 khi co so em la mc [0] (khong em la mc [1]), ngo ra nay phoi hp vi ngo ra cua mach khong nh thi qua cong OR a en ngo vao D cua Flip Flop D e ieu khien relay ong m tai.
2. Khoi khong nh thi :

S dung IC 74LS573 nhan lenh ieu khien t vi x ly, chot va ieu khien tai qua 8 ngo ra Q 0 Q7. Ngo ra cua 74LS573 ket hp vi ngo ra cua 8253 qua cong OR e ieu khien thiet b. Khi ngo ra mc [1] th ngo ra nay khong co tac vu trong viec ieu khien. Khi ngo ra

 mc [0] th ngo ra nay co tac vu ieu khien thiet b lam viec khong nh thi.
3. Khoi reset tai :

S dung IC74LS573 nhan lenh ieu khien t vi x ly, chot va tac ong vao ngo RESET cua Flip Flop D. Khi muon tat thiet b nao th ngo ra Reset cua thiet b o mc [0]. Con khi thiet b ang lam viec th ngo ra Reset mc [1]. Khi muon tat khan cap 8 thiet b th 8 ngo ra cua mach nay tac ong mc [0] vao 8 ngo vao RESET cua Flip Flop D
4. Khoi ieu khien bao am hieu :

S dung 1 bo em con d cua 8253 e ieu khien tat m am hieu. Mach ieu khien bao am hieu dung 2 Optron 4N35 nhan tn hieu t bo em 8253 va 74LS573 e kch m am hieu t mach tao am thanh a hai i. Khi vi x ly nhan biet c trang thai cua thiet b can ieu khien th vi x ly gi lenh e ieu khien en 2 ngo vao cua 74LS573. IC 74LS573 chot d lieu nay va ket hp vi tn hieu (3 giay) t 8253 qua cong NOR e ieu khien mach tao am thanh phat ra am hieu tng ng vi trang thai cua thiet b. Nguyen ly hoat ong : Mach khuech ai dung 1 transistor mac theo kieu EC vi tai cc C la 1 bien ap cach ly co he so vong day 1:1.Transistor c phan cc hang A vi ien tr phan cc dong R5 .Tn hieu sau khi chuyen oi D/A thanh tn hieu am tan analog a ti cc B transistor khuech ai qua tu C5 .Ngo ra mach khuech ai la cuon th cap cua bien ap c mac vao 2 day thoai va tn hieu thoai se tai tren ng day ien thoai e ti ngi ieu khien . Tnh toan thiet ke : Chon bien ap cach ly loai co t so vong 1:1,ien tr DC s cap = ien tr DC th cap = 300
F C5 = 10 :tu lien lac ; R5 = 22K : ien tr phan cc dong

5. Mach tao xung 60 Hz :

S dung IC 5369 chuyen dung tao xung 60Hz e cap cho cac bo em trong 8253. S o mach nh sau :

Cac thong so cua tu ien, ien tr c chon nh hnh ve.

6. Mach relay ieu khien cong suat ngo ra :

S o mach :

Nguyen l hoat ong : Tn hieu ieu khien t ngo ra cua 8253 va 74LS573 c a en ngo vao D cua Flip Flop D. V ngo vao cua FF D la mc [0] nen lay tn hieu ra Q cua FF D e ao mc logic tac ong cac Transistor lam ong ngat relay. Cac tiep iem relay c ket noi ra ben ngoai e ket noi thiet b can ong ngat. Thiet ke va tnh toan mach khuech ai va cong suat ra: Chon relay 12V, co ien tr 100 , ien ap chu ng cua tiep iem la 220V DC. Chon T1 T8 la C1815 co dong IC khoang 400mA. Chon dong qua led la 10mA. Tnh RRA :RRA =

Chon RRA =220 Dong qua relay:

5V 3V 0,3V 220 10mA

VCC 5V

= = 50 mA Irelay = R 100 relay Tong dong IC la IC =50mA+10mA=60mA

ieu kien e transistor bao hoa la : IB (chon = 60 ) Tnh RRRA: RRRA =

5V V BE 5 0,7 = = 4,3K IB 1mA

IC

60 mA = 1mA 60

e bao hoa sau, ta chon RRRA =1K

KET LUAN ANH GIA HNG PHAT TRIEN I. TOM TAT NOI DUNG E TAI : Noi dung e tai gom cac phan sau : Phan gii thieu tong quat ve e tai. Phan thiet ke phan cng va thiet ke phan mem. Phan thi cong.

Qua cac phan neu tren a cho chung ta thay he thong ieu khien gom co 2 phan: phan cng va phan mem. Trong o cau truc phan cng gom co: Khoi giao tiep vi ng truyen : chu yeu dung IC MT8870, IC em 4518 va OPTO am nhan chc nang nhan biet tn hieu chuong, ong tai gia va a tn hieu t ng truyen vao vi x ly 8085. Khoi vi x l trung tam va bo nh: gom IC 8085, ROM va RAM 8 Kbyte lu tr cac chng trnh e ieu khien toan bo he thong cung nh lam cau noi trung gian gia cac khoi vi nhau, IC 74573 tach d lieu a ch, IC 74138 giai ma IO/M\. Khoi nh thi ieu khien relay ong m tai: khoi nay dung IC em lap trnh c 8253 ket hp vi Flip Flop D (IC 7474) va relay tao thanh mach ieu khien tai vi thi gian cai at tuy y. Khoi em d lieu va a ch dung IC 74LS244, 74LS245 va 74LS537. Khoi giai ma hien th chu yeu dung IC 8279, 15 phm nhan va 10 led 7 oan hien th.

Cau truc phan mem am nhan chc nang lien ket tat ca cac khoi thanh mot he thong t ong thong qua cac chng trnh c lu tr trong ROM 2764 va RAM 6264. Gom co cac chng trnh sau : 1) p 2) p 3) p 4) p 5) p 6) p Vi thi gian thc hien e tai khong nhieu nhng vi s co gang nghien cu, cung vi s giup tan tnh cua giao vien hng dan nen e tai Thiet ke

he thong ieu khien xa cac thiet b ien co nh thi bang ien thoai hu tuyen a the hien c gan nh ay u cac yeu to can co trong 1 he thong ieu khien thiet b. Qua phan gii thieu, thiet ke va thi cong a the hien ro nh the nao la mot he thong ieu khien bang ien thoai va hn na t no khang nh c rang trong tng lai he thong nay se c a vao ng dung trong thc tien. II. ANH GIA HNG PHAT TRIEN E TAI : Qua thi gian lam o an tot nghiep, nhom sinh vien thc hien a hoan thanh ca ly thuyet lan thi cong. Vi e tai nay giup cho nhom sinh vien thc hien hoc c nhieu ieu bo ch va nam vng hn ve ly thuyet ien t, nhat la trong lnh vc Bu chnh Vien thong va vi x ly. Trong thi gian lam e tai, vi s han che ve tai lieu v vay oi hoi moi sinh vien cua nhom phai co gang tm toi va nhiet tnh trong cong viec nghien cu va cuoi cung e tai a hoan thanh 1 cach tron ven. o la ket qua cua 1 thi gian dai no lc cua moi sinh vien trong nhom di s hng dan tan tnh cua giao vien hng dan Ts. Tran Thu Ha va Thay Nguyen Thanh Bnh, cung vi s giup cua ban be nen e tai a hoan thanh ung thi han. Vi e tai nay , yeu cau chung ta phai co cai nhn tong quat ve nhieu mat: kien thc ve ky thuat so, tng t, x l tn hieu, l thuyet mach, kien thc phan cng va phan mem cua vi x ly 8085, kien thc ve Bu chnh Vien thong Nhom sinh vien thc hien a ap dung nhuan nhuyen gia l thuyet thc hanh va tan dung c ng truyen co san cua mang Bu chnh Vien thong e thiet ke phan cng va phan mem hp l cho viec ieu khien c thiet b t xa qua ien thoai. e tai Thiet ke he thong ieu khien xa cac thiet b ien co nh thi bang ien thoai hu tuyen la s ket hp gia cai cu va cai mi, gia cac khoi rieng le thanh 1 he thong hoan chnh. Trong o an a trnh bay kha sau sac ve linh kien cung nh cau truc va chc nang cua mach. Noi dung e tai c trnh bay ay u, hnh thc ro rang, t ng thong dung de hieu. Tuy nhien trong qua trnh thiet ke va thi cong v mach ien kha phc tap, thi gian thi cong t nen e

tai a the hien c nhng u iem va han che nh sau : Nhng u iem : He thong ieu khien c 2 ni : qua ien thoai va qua phm nhan at tai mach ieu khien, ngoai ra tai moi thiet b con co 3 phm ON OFF tat khan cap 8 thiet b rat thuan tien trong viec ieu khien. He thong co 10 led 7 oan hien th d lieu cua thiet b thuan li trong viec quan sat qua trnh lam viec cua thiet b. Ma ieu khien (password) cua he thong gom 4 ch so (e tai cu ch co 2 ch so) c cai at va thay oi tuy theo y thch cua ngi s dung, tang tnh b mat cho he thong v xac suat ngau nhien bam ung mat ma thap. He thong ieu khien c 8 thiet b (e tai cu ch co 2 thiet b). Ngoai chc nang ieu khien tat m thiet b thong thng nh cac e tai trc, he thong nay con cai at c thi gian lam viec cho thiet b va khi co trng hp khan cap co the tat ong loat 8 tai e phong nga cac trng hp ang tiec xay ra. He thong bao trang thai cua thiet b bang am hieu nhac (khong dung li noi), mach bao n gian rat kinh te, am bao tnh k thuat.

S d he thong nay khong dung tieng noi e bao v: he thong chuyen oi A/D, mach tao tieng noi rat phc tap. e bao trang thai tat hoac m cua thiet b ch can 2 am hieu khac nhau tng trng cho trang thai tat / m la at yeu cau ve mat k thuat, cung nh rat kinh te. Con neu s dung tieng noi e bao th xet ve mat kinh te khong at yeu cau v nh the la qua d khi ch e bao thiet b tat hay m ma thoi. Han che cua e tai: Do tnh hnh nghien cu va kha nang cua ban than con b han che trong viec lap trnh vi x l theo kieu ngat nen he thong con nang ve phan cng: em tn hieu chuong, ieu khien ong m tai gia do phan cng ieu khien.

e tai cha the hien c cac chc nang ieu khien t ong khac nh : t ong tra li ien thoai, t ong bao chay, bao trom.

o chnh la gii han, ong thi cung la hng phat trien cua e tai. Nhom sinh vien thc hien rat mong c s ch dan cua giao vien hng dan va s ong gop sau nay cua ban be nham xay dng nen 1 he thong ieu khien mi co tnh qui mo cao hn. V ay la 1 he thong vi chc nang a dung, tien ch, hien ai, kinh te khong ngoai muc ch nang cao i song tien ch cho con ngi.

IC 8253 S o chan - cau truc ben trong va cac tn hieu vao/ ra :

P in C o n f ig u r a t io n D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 CLK 0 O U T 0 G ATE 0 G N D P in N a m e s D 7 - D 0 CLK N G ATE N O U T N /RD /W R /CS A1 - A0 Vcc G N D D a ta b u s (8 ) Bu s C o u n t e r C lo c k In p u t s C o u n t e r G a t e In p u t s C o u n te r O u tp u ts R e a d Co u n te r W r it e C o u n t e r C h ip S e le c t C o u n t e r S e le c t + 5 V o lt s G ro u n d In t e r n a l B u s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Vcc /W R /RD /CS A1 A0 CLK 2 O U T 2 G ATE 2 CLK 1 G ATE 1 O U T 1 C o n tro l W o rd R e g is t e r C o u n te r = 2 CLK 2 G ATE 2 O U T 2 /RD /W R A0 A1 /CS Read W r it e L o g ic C o u n te r = 1 CLK 1 G ATE 1 O U T 1 D 7 - D 0 B lo c k D ia g r a m CLK 0 C o u n te r = 0 G ATE 0 O U T 0

D a ta Bus Bu ffe r

8253

Hnh 5.13 : S o khoi cua 8253 Mo ta hoat ong: General Sau khi ong nguon, trang thai cua 8253 khong xac nh. Mode, so em va ngo ra cua tat ca cac bo em eu khong xac nh. Hoat ong cua moi bo em c xac nh khi lap trnh cho no. Bo em phai c lap trnh trc khi s dung va nhng bo em nao khong dung en th khong lap trnh. Programming the 82C53 (Lap trnh cho 8253). Cac bo em c lap trnh bang cach ghi vao mot t ieu khien va mot so em. Tat t ieu A1A0 = 11 c lap ca t ieu khien eu ghi vao trong thanh ghi khien, thanh ghi t ieu khien c chon khi va t ieu khien se quy nh bo em nao trnh.

V vay, so em phai c ghi vao trong bo em ch khong ghi vao thanh ghi t ieu khien. A1A0 chon bo em can ghi va neu at so em c xac nh bi t ieu khien. Write Operations (Hoat ong ghi). Hai ieu can lu y khi lap trnh cho 8253. 1. oi vi moi bo em, t ieu khien phai c ghi vao trc so em. 2. So em phai theo cach at trong t ieu khien : hoac LBS, hoac MSB, hoac LBS trc, MBS sau. Sau khi thanh ghi t ieu khien va 3 bo em chon a ch (A1A0) va moi t ieu khien qui nh 1 bo em lam viec (SC1 SC0) th khong yeu cau cau truc lap trnh phai ung theo trnh t ma co the theo mot trong bon cach sau: A1 Control word LBS of count MSB of count Control word LBS of count MBS of count Control word LBS of count MBS of count Counter 0 A1 Counter 0 0 Counter 0 0 Counter 1 1 Counter 1 0 Counter 1 0 Coutner 2 1 Counter 2 1 Counter 2 1 A0 A0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

So em co the ghi vao bo em bat ky luc nao ma khong anh hng en kieu lap trnh cua bo em. So em ch b anh hng khi mo ta trong nh ngha kieu hoat ong. So em mi phai sau so em a lap trnh. Neu mot bo em c lap trnh e oc/ghi 2 byte so em th chng trnh se khong chuyen oi viec ieu khien gia ghi byte th nhat va byte th 2 len bo em khac ma ch ghi tren cung mot bo em. V vay, so em sai co the c a vao bo em. Real Operations (Hoat ong oc). Co ba phng phap e oc bo em: oc n gian, lenh chot bo em va lenh oc ve. 1. oc n gian : e oc mot bo em, ngo vao A1A0 phai c chon v ngo vao xung clock cua bo em

c chon phai b cam bang cach dung chan Gate hoac mc logic ngo vao. Khi bo em ang em lui so em, neu oc so em th ket qua cho ra se khong chnh xac. 2. Lenh chot bo em (Counter latch command) Giong nh t ieu khien lenh nay c ghi vao thanh ghi t ieu khien c chon khi A1 A0 = 11 va bit SC1 SC0 la chon 1 trong 3 bo em bit D5D4 = 00 e phan biet lenh nay. Ngo ra cua bo em c chon (OL) se chot so em ngay khi nhan lenh chot va gi lai cho en khi CPU oc ra (hoac khi bo em lap trnh lai), so em tiep theo se khong c chot t ong khi o ngo ra chot cua bo em c chon lap lai e cho ra mot gia tr em khac (CE) . ieu nay cho phep oc noi dung cua trong lam viec ma khong anh hng en em. Co the dung lenh chot nhieu lan nhieu bo em va se khong lam anh hng lap trnh cua bo em. bo em tien trnh e chot en kieu

Neu mot bo em c chot sau o tiep tuc trc khi so em c oc ra th lenh chot lan 2 se c bo qua va so em oc ra se la so em cua lenh chot au tien. Vi ca hai phng phap so em eu c oc ra sau viec lap trnh ac biet neu bo em e oc/ghi 2 byte so em th 2 byte phai c oc ra. Hai byte. Mot ac iem khac cua 82C53 la oc va ghi tren cung mot bo em co the c chen vao. V du : Mot bo em c lap trnh e oc/ghi 2 byte th: 1. oc LBS. 2. Ghi LBS mi. 3. oc MBS. 4. Ghi MBS mi. Neu mot bo em c lap trnh e oc/ghi 2 byte th mot chng trnh khong phai chuyen oi viec ieu khien gia oc byte th nhat va byte th 2 vi mot chng trnh khac ma ch oc tren cung mot bo em va v vay mot so em co the c oc ra. 3. Lenh oc ve (Read - back command)

Lenh nay cho phep ngi s dung kiem tra gia tr em, kieu lap trnh trang thai ngo ra va c em khong hp le (null count flag) cua bo em c chon. Lenh c ghi vao thanh ghi t ieu khien (hnh 10) va cho phep chon bo em tng ng vi cac bit D 3, D2, D1 = 111. Lenh oc ve dung e chot ngo ra chot cua nhieu bo em (OL) bang cach at COUNT D5 = 0 va chon bo em can oc. Chc nang lenh nay cung giong nh cac lenh chot bo em khac. Moi bo em chot so em cho khi c oc ra (hoac c lap trnh lai). Bo em o khong t ong c chot lai gia tr em khi oc nh cac bo em khac. Neu dung lenh oc ve nhieu lan tren cung 1 bo em ma khong oc ra so em th so em oc ra se la gia tr ngay khi nhan lenh oc ve. Lenh oc ve cung c dung e chot trang thai thong tin (Status in formation) cua bo em c chon bang cach at STATUS D5 = 0 trang thai c chot e oc ra. (Hnh 11). Bit D5 en D0 chc kieu lap trnh giong nh kieu t ieu khien trc o. Ngo ra D7 chc trang thai hien thi cua ngo ra. ieu nay cho phep ngi s dung giam sat c ngo ra bang phan mem va co the loai bo c 1 vai phan cng khoi he thong. Null Count bit D6 ch ra rang : khi so em sau cung ghi trong thanh ghi bo em th (Counter Register (CR)) c a vao trong Couting Element (CE) thi gian xay ra phu thuoc vao kieu bo em va mo ta mode nhng cho en khi so em sau cung c a vao trong Couting Element (CE) th no khong the oc ra t bo em. Neu so em c chot hay oc trc thi gian nay th so em mi se c ghi vao (hoat ong null count hnh 12). Neu lenh chot nhieu trang thai cua bo em ma khong oc ra th ch lan chot au tien b bo qua va trang thai oc ra se la trang thai cua bo em ngay khi nhan lenh. Ca 2 so em va trang thai cua bo em c chon co the c chot ong thi bang cach at C U T va STATUS D5D4 = 0, giong nh khi at 2 lenh oc O N ve cung luc Mode Definition (nh ngha kieu hoat ong).

Clk pulse : xung clock tac ong bang canh xuong va ngo vao xung clock cho tng bo em. TRIGGER : xung kch hoat canh tren cua ngo vao gate cua tng bo em. COUNTER LOADING : Mode 0 : ngat khi em xong :

Mode 0 c dung tieu bieu cho viec em s kien. Sau khi ghi t ieu khien vao, ngo ra OUT = 0 cho en khi bo em at ti 0. Ngo ra sau o len 1 tr lai cho en khi gap 1 so em mi hoac 1 t ieu khien cho Mode 0. Gate = 1 cho phep em, Gate = 0 khong cho phep em va Gate khong anh hng en ngo ra. Sau khi t ieu khien va so em ghi vao bo em th so em se c chuyen en bo em chu ky ong ho sau. Xung nay khong lam giam so em v vay khi nap vao N so em th ngo ra OUT = 0 trong (N + 1) xung Clock. Neu nap vao 2 byte so em th : 1. Byte au tien (LSB), ngo ra xuong thap nhng cha cho phep em. 2. Byte th 2 (MSB) cho phep bat au em tren chu ky xung ke tiep. 3. Neu ch ghi LSB vao bo em th sau khi bo em at ti 0 se quay vong lai FFFFH va dng bo em. Tuy nhien neu LSB c gi i sau khi bo em em lui t FFFFH th MSB c a vao bo em e em ma khong dng bo em lai. ieu nay cho phep trnh t em xay ra ong bo bi phan mem. Neu 1 so em c ghi vao khi Gate = 0 th no se c chuyen en xung Clock ke tiep, khi nao Gate = 1 th ngo ra OUT = 0. Mode 1 : HARDWARE RETRIGGERABLE ONE SHOT (a hai n on tai kch hoat). Ban au OUT =1, OUT = 0 khi co xung Clock kem theo 1 xung kch hoat n on va gi mc 0 en khi bo em ve Zero. Sau o ngo ra se len mc 1 tr lai va gi cho en khi gap 1 xung kch hoat cua ca Gate. Khi nap vao so em N va co xung n on kch hoat th ngo ra mc 0 trong N xung clock. Khi o neu co kch hoat xung n on tiep th ngo ra van khong oi. Mode 2 : RATE GENERATOR (phat xung).

Chc nang cua Mode nay giong nh 1 bo em chia N, no c s dung cho viec phat ra 1 chuoi xung Clock ngat quang. au tien ngo ra OUT = 1, khi so em giam en 1 th ngo ra OUT = 0 trong 1 xung. Sau o OUT = 1 tr lai va bo em lap lai qua trnh em. Mode 2 lam viec tuan hoan va trnh t lap lai khong nh ro. Nap vao so em N th trnh t lap lai la N chu ky xung Clock. Gate = 1 cho phep em, Gate = 0 trong suot 1 xung Clock ngo ra th OUT = 1 ngay lap tc. 1 Trigger c tai vao bo em cung vi so em trong xung ong ho tiep theo va ngo ra OUT = 0 trong N xung Clock co Trigger cong them ngo vao Gate co the s dung ong bo vi bo em. Sau khi ghi 1 t ieu khien va 1 so em, bo em se c chuyen en xung Clock ke tiep. OUT = 0 trong N xung Clock, ieu nay cung cho phep bo em ong bo vi phan mem. Ghi so em trong khi em se khong lam anh hng en trnh t em. Neu 1 Trigger c nhan sau khi ghi so em ni nhng trc khi ket thuc mot chu ky lam viec th bo em se c chuyen i cung so em mi vao chu ky ong ho sau va tiep tuc em lui t so em mi. Hay so em mi se c chuyen i ngay khi ket thuc chu ky em va trong Mode 2 so em la 1 se khong hp le.

M ode 0 CL K O U T C o u n t o f 7 lo a d e d M ode 1 CLK G O U T T r ig g e r w it h c o u n t o f 5 M ode 2 CL K O U T C o u n t o f 5 lo a d e d M ode 3 CL K O U T C o u n t o f 6 lo a d e d M ode 4 CLK O U T T r ig g e r w it h c o u n t o f 8 M ode 5 CL K G O U T T r ig g e r w it h c o u n t o f 5

IC 8085

Hnh : Minh hoa dang song ngo ra cac mot hoat ong cua 8253 CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA 8085

Hnh 5.3 trnh bay cau truc ben trong cua 8085. No bao gom n v logic va so hoc ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit), n v nhthi va ieu khien (Timing and Comtrol Unit), Bo giai ma va thanh ghi lenh (Instruction Register and Decoder), Day thanh ghi (Register Array), ieu khien ngat (Interrupt Control) va ieu khien I/O noi tiep (Serial I/O Control).
n v logic va so hoc ALU :

n v nay thc hien cac chc nang tnh toan : no bao gom Thanh ghi tch tr (Accumulator), Thanh ghi tam (Temporary register), cac mach logic va so hoc, 5 c bao (Flag). Thanh ghi tam c dung e duy tr d lieu trong suot mot hoat ong so hoc va logic. Ket qua c lu tr vao thanh ghi tch tr va cac c (cac Flip Flop) c at (set : bang 1) hoac b at lai (reset : bang 0) tuy theo ket qua cua hoat ong. Cac c chu anh hng bi cac hoat ong so hoc va logic trong ALU. Trong hau het cac hoat ong nay, ket qua c lu tr vao thanh ghi tch tr. Do o cac c thng phan anh cac ieu kien d lieu trong thanh ghi tch tr tr mot vai ngoai le.
INTA RST 6.5TRA P INTR RST 5.5 RST 7.5

SID

SOD

Interrupt Control 8 Bit Internal Data Bus

Serial I/O Control

A ccumulat Temp (8) Register er (8) Flag Flip Flops

A rithmatic L ogic Unit (A L U) (8)

Instruction Register (8)

Re g. Sel ect

M ultiplex
B Reg. C Reg.

(8) Z W er Temp. Reg. Temp. Reg. (8) (8)

D Reg. H Reg. (8) (8) E Reg. L Reg. (8)

(8)

Register A rray

Power Supply+5V GND X1 X2 CL K GEN

Instruction Decode and M achine Cycle Encoding

(8)

Stack Pointer Program Counter

(16)

(16) Incrementer / Decrementer A ddress L actch (16)

Control

Timing and Control Status DM A Reset IO/M HL DA

A ddress buffer (8) A D15 - A D8 A ddress Bus

Data address buffer (8) A D7 - A D0 A ddress Data Bus

CL K OUT REA DY

RD WRA L ES0 S1

RESET OU T HOL D RESET IN

Hnh 5.3 S o khoi chc nang cua 8085

S Sign Flag : C dau : sau s thi hanh cua mot

phep toan hoac mot hoat ong logic, neu bit D7 cua

ket qua (luon luon trong thanh ghi tch tr) bang 1. Th c dau c at. C nay c s dung vi cac so co dau. Trong mot byte c cho, neu D7 la 1, so nay c xem nh so am, neu D7 bang 0, so nay c xem nh so dng. Trong cac hoat ong lien quan ti cacso co dau, bit D7 c phuc vu e ch th dau va 7 bit con lai c dung e ai dien cho o ln (magnitude) cua con so o. Z Zero Flag : C khong : C khong c at (Z = 1) neu hoat ong ALU co ket qua bang 0, c c at lai khi ket qua khong bang 0. C nay c ieu chnh bi ket qua trong thanh ghi tch tr cung nh trong cac thanh ghi khac. hoat ong toan hoc, khi so mn (carry) c phatra t so D3 va chuyen sang so D4, th c AC c at. C nay ch c s dung ben trong oi vi cac phep toan lien quan en so BCD, va khong kha dung oi vi ngi lap trnh muon chuyen oi trnh t cua mot chng trnh bang mot lenh nhay. P Parity Flag : C chan le : Sau mot phep toan so hoc hoac mot hoat ong logic, neu ket qua co mot so chan cac so 1, c P c at (P = 1), neu co mot so le cac so 1 th c P c at lai (P = 0). CY Carry Flag : C mn : Neu mot phep toan so hoc dan en s vay mn, c C c at, ngc lai th no c at lai. V tr cac bit phuc vu cho cac c nay nh sau trong thanh ghi c : D7 S D6 Z D5 x D4 AC D3 x D2 P D1 x D0 CY
AC Auxiliary Carry Flag : C mc phu : Trong mot

Trong so 5 c, c AC c dung ben trong oi vi cac phep toan BCD : tap lenh khong cha bat k lenh nhay co iei kien nao lien quan en c AC. Trong bon c con lai, c Z va Cy la cac c c s dung thng xuyen nhat.
n v nh thi va ieu khien :

n v nay ong bo vi tat ca cac hoat ong cua vi x ly bang xung ong ho, phat ra cac tn hieu ieu khien can thiet cho viec tryen thong tin gia vi

x ly va cac ngoai vi. Cac tn hieu ieu khien co chc nang tng t nh xung ong bo (synchronous pule) trong mot dao ong k. Cac tn hieu RD\, WR\ la cac xung ong bo ch th s co san cua d lieu tren tuyen d lieu.
Thanh ghi lenh va bo giai ma :

Thanh ghi lenh va bo giai ma thuoc ve ALU. Khi mot lenh c tm thay t bo nh, no c nap vao thanh ghi lenh. Bo giai ma se giai ma lenh va thc thi trnh t cua cac s viec theo sau. Thanh ghi lenh khong the c lap trnh va khong the b xam nhap bang bat k lenh nao.
Day thanh ghi :

Cac thanh ghi lap trnh gom co : A, B, C, D, E, F, H, L. Moi thanh ghi co the c lap trnh oc lap hoac ket hp thanh cap thanhghi : AF = (PSW), BC = (B), DC = (D), va HL = (H). Ngoai ra con co hai thanh ghi phu, goi la cac thanhghi tam W va Z, thuoc day thanh ghi. Cac thanh ghi nay c s dung e duy tr d lieu 8 bit trong khi thi hanh mot so lenh. Tuy nhien v chung c dung ben trong, nen chung khong kha dung oi ngi lap trnh. Tc la, ngi lap trnh khong can thiet phai quan tam en noi dung trong 2 thanh ghi nay. SP (Stact Pointer) con tro ngan xep, PC (Program Counter) bo em chng trnh la 2 thanh ghi 16 bit vo cung quan trong. 3. TAP LENH CUA 8085. Mot lenh (Instruction) la mot mau nh phan (Binary pattern) c thiet ke ben trong vi x l e thc hien mot chc nang cu the. Mot nhom u cac lenh, c goi la tap lenh (Instruction set), xac nh cac chc nang ma vi x l co the thc hien. Tap lenh cua 8085 co 74 lenh (hn 8080 hai lenh), cac lenh nay co the c phan thanh 5 nhom chc nang : Cac hoat ong (sao chep) truyen d lieu. Cac hoat ong toan hoc. Cac hoat ong logic. Cac hoat ong re nhanh.

 Cac hoat ong ieu khien.

Cac hoat ong (sao chep) truyen d lieu :

Nhom lenh nay sao chep d lieu t ni nguon en ni ch, ma khong he ieu chnh noi dung cua ni nguon. Trong cac so tay ky thuat, t truyen d lieu c s dung cho chc nang sao chep. Sau ay la cac dang truyen d lieu: Dang truyen Gia cac thanh ghi Byte d lieu cu the en thanh ghi hoac o nh Gia mot thanh ghi va mot o nh Gia mot thiet b I/O va thanh ghi tch tr. Gia cap thanh ghi va ngan xep. V du Sao chep noi dung cua thanhghi B vao thanh ghi D Nap vao thanh ghi B byte d lieu 32H T o nh 2000H en thanh ghi B. T ban phm vao thanh ghi tch tr. T cap thanh ghi BC en 2 o nh c nh ngha nh ngan xep.

 Cac hoat ong toan hoc :

Cac lenh nay thc hien cac phep toan nh la cong, tr, tang va giam. Cong : bat ky mot so 8 bit, hoac noi dung cua thanh ghi, hoac noi dung cua mot o nh co the c cong vi noi dung cua thanh ghi tch tr va tong c lu vao thanh ghi tch tr. Hai thanh ghi hoac o nh khong the cong trc tiep vi nhau. Lenh DAD la mot ngoai le, no cong trc tiep d lieu 16 bit trong cac cap thanh ghi. Tr : Bat k mot so 8 bit, hoac noi dung cua mot thanh ghi, hoac noi dung cua mot o nh co the c tr t noi dung cua thanh ghi tch tr. Lenh tr c thc hien dang bu 2, va ket qua neu am c bieu hien dang bu 2. Hai thanh ghi hoac o nh khong the c tr trc tiep. Tang/ giam : Noi dung 8 bit cua mot thanh ghi hoac mot o nh co the c tang hoac giam moi lan 1 n v. Tng t noi dung 16 bit cua mot cap thanh ghi co the cung c tang hoac giam i 1. Cac hoat ong tang va giam khac vi phep cong va tr mot cach thc rat quan trong, o la : chung co the c thc hien trong bat k thanh ghi hoac o nh nao.
Cac hoat ong logic:

Cac lenh nay thc hien cac hoat ong logic khac nhau vi noi dung cua thanh ghi tch tr. AND, OR, XOR : Bat k mot so 8 bit, hoac noi dung cua 1 thanh ghi, hoac noi dung cua mot o nh co the c logic AND, OR, hoac XOR vi noi dung cua thanh ghi tch tr. Xoay : Moi bit trong thanh ghi tch tr co the c dch trai hoac dch phai en v tr ke tiep. So sanh : bat k mot so 8 bit, hoac noi dung cua mot thanh ghi, hoac noi dung cua mot o nh co the c so sanh bang, ln hn, hoac nho hn vi noi dung cua thanh ghi tch tr. Bu : Noi dung cua mot thanh ghi tch tr co the c lay bu : tat ca 0 c thay the bang 1 va toan bo 1 c oi thanh 0.

 Cac hoat ong re nhanh :

Nhom cac lenh nay lam thay oi trnh t thi hanh chng trnh mot cach co ieu kien hoac khong co ieu kien. Nhay : Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien la mot kha canh quan trong e a ra nhng quyet nh trong lap trnh. Cac lenh nay kiem tra mot ieu kien nao o (c Zero hoac c Carry) va lam thay oi trnh t chng trnh khi bat gap ieu kien. Goi, Tr ve, Khi ong lai : Cac lenh nay lam thay oi trnh t cua mot chng trnh hoac bang cach goi mot chng trnh con hoac tr ve t mot chng trnh con. Cac lenh Goi va Tr ve cung co the kiem tra cac c ieu kien.
Cac hoat ong ieu khien :

Cac lenh nay ieu khien cac chc nang van hanh nh la : Dng, Ngat, hoac khong lam g ca (No Operation). Tap lenh vi x l 8085 c phan thanh 3 nhom tuy theo kch c t : 1. Cac lenh mot t hoac 1 byte. 2. Cac lenh hai t hoac 2 byte. 3. Cac lenh ba t hoac 3 byte. Lenh mot byte cha ma hoat ong (Opcode) va toan t (Operand) trong cung mot byte. Trong lenh hai byte, byte th nhat neu len ma hoat ong va theo sau la toan t. oi vi lenh ba byte, byte th nhat cho biet ma hoat ong, hai byte ke tiep la d lieu 16 bit (noi dung hoac a ch). LAP TRNH CHO 8279 e co kha nang s dung thanh thao 8279, trc tien phai hieu ro ban chat cac t ieu khien cua 8279. 8279 co tat ca tam t ieu khien, tuy theo muc ch s dung ma se chon t ieu khien thch hp. at Mode hien th / ban phm. MSB LSB

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Trong o, DD la Mode hien th va KKK la Mode ban phm : DD 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 hien th 8 k t, 8 bit hien th 16 k t, 8 bit hien th 8 k t, 8 bit hien th 16 k t, 8 bit ghi trai. ghi trai. ghi phai. ghi phai.

Y ngha cua Ghi trai (Left Entry) va Ghi phai (Right Entry) c trnh bay hnh 5.25. Chu y rang khi quet co giai ma c at trong Mode ban phm, hien th se b giam xuong 4 k t khong phu thuoc vao viec at Mode hien th. KKK 0 0 0 2 phm. ban phm co lap ma khoa ngoai khoa xoay xoay

0 0 1 ban phm quet co giai ma ngoai 2 phm. 0 1 0 ban phm quet co lap ma vong N phm. 0 1 1 ban phm quet co giai ma vong N phm. 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

ma tran cam bien, quet co lap ma ma tran cam bien, quet co giai ma ngo vao Strob, quet hien th co lap ma. ngo vao Strob, quet hien th co giai ma.

Mode lap ma, cac ngo ra SL tac ong mc cao va theo sau la ma bit nh phan t 0 en 7 hoac t 0 en 15, tuy theo hien th 8 hoac 16 so c chon. Mode giai ma, cac ngo ra SL tac ong mc thap va ch mot trong bon ngo ra mc thap tai thi iem bat ky c cho. Cac ngo ra giai ma lap lai mau : 1110, 1101, 1011 va 0111. mode Strob, mot xung tac ong mc cao tren chan CN/ST se Strob d lieu t cac chan RL vao FIFO ben trong, ni ma chung c duy tr cho vi x l Lap trnh xung ong ho :

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Tat ca cac tn hieu nh thi va a hp cho 8279 c phat ra bi mot bo at trc t le (precaler) ben trong. Bo at trc chia xung ong ho ben ngoai (chan 3) cho mot so nguyen co the lap trnh. cac bit P P P P P quyet nh gia tr cua so nguyen nay, trong pham vi t 2 en 31. Hay chon so chia sao cho at c tan so 100 KHz.

RAM LOCATION POSITION 0 1 (A) A (b) 2 3 4 5 6 7 (C) (d) CODE FOR A (A) REPRESENTS 7 SEGMENT b C d DISPLAY

(a) Left Entry

RAM LOCATION POSITION 0 1 (A) A (b) 2 5 5 6 7 (C) (d) 6 (A) REPRESENTS 7 SEGMENT CODE FOR A (b) Right Entry b C d DISPLAY

Hnh 5.25 : Moi lien he gia RAM 8279 va v tr hien th Doc FIFO / RAM cam bien : Ma 0 1 0 AI X A A A

X = khong quan tam T ieu khien nay chon a ch cua ma phm can oc trong RAM FIFO/ Cam bien. mot ban phm co quet, c tang t ong AI (Auto - Inerement) va cac bit a ch RAM (A A A) khong con kha dung. 8279 se t ong lai tuyen d lieu cho moi lan oc tiep theo (Ao = 0) theo ung trnh t ma ban au d lieu c nhap vao FIFO. Tat ca nhng lan oc tiep theo se en t FIFO cho en khi mot lenh khac c tao ra.

 mot ma tran cam bien, cac it a ch RAM (A A A) chon mot trong 8 hang cua RAM cam bien. Neu c AI c at (AI = 1), moi s oc ke tiep se en t hang tiep theo cua RAM cam bien. oc RAM hien th Ma 0 1 1 A1 A A A A

T ieu khien nay chon a ch cua byte d lieu can oc trong RAM hien th. Cac bit a ch A A A A chon mot trong 16 hang cua RAM hien th.Neu c AI at (AI = 1), a ch hang nay se a tang t ong sau moi lan oc hoac ghi tiep theo. V cung mot bo em c s dung cho ca hai hoat ong oc va ghi. T lenh nay at a ch oc hoac ghi ke tiep va cam nhan mot t ong tang cho ca hai hoat ong. Ghi vao RAM hien th Ma 1 0 0 AI A A A A

T ieu khien nay chon a ch trong RAM hien th ni can ghi d lieu vao. Sau khi t lenh vi Ao = 1 se trong RAM hien th. Cac chc nang nh a ch va tang t ong giong nh oi vi oc RAM hien th. Tuy nhien t lenh naykhong anh hng en nguon cua nhng lan oc d lieu ke tiep ; CPU se oc bat k RAM nao (Hien th hoac FIFO / cam bien) c neu ro sau cung, viec ghi vao RAM hien th, tuy nhien se lam thay oi v tr oc tiep theo. Nhap nhay / Cam Ghi vao hien th Ma 1 0 1 X IW IW BL BL

Cac bit IW co the c s dung che na byte A va na byte B trong nhng ng dung oi hoi cac cong hien th 4 bit tach biet. Bang cach at c IW (IW = 1) oi vi mot trong cac cong, cong tr nen c anh dau sao cho viec ghi vao RAM hien th t CPU khong anh hng en cong o. The th neu moi na byte

c nhap mot bo giai ma BCD, CPU co the ghi mot so vao RAM hien th ma khong anh hng en so khac ang c hien th. Mot chu y quan trong la bit Bo tng ng vi bit Do tren tuyen d lieu cua CPU, va bit A3 tng ng vi bit D7. Neu ngi s dung muon nhap nhay hien th, cac c Bl co kha dung oi vi moi na byte. Lenh xoa sau cung c phat ra xax nh ma c s dung nh mot nhap nhay. Ma nay ? tat ca bang khong sau mot s at lai. Chu y rang ca hai c BL phai c at e nhap nhay mot hien th ket hp vi mot cong n 8 bit. Xoa Ma 1 1 0 CD CD CD CF CA

Cac bit CD co san trong t lenh nay e xoa tat ca cac hang cua RAM hien th theo mot ma co the chon la c nh sau : CD 0 X 1 1 CD CD

tam)

tat ca bang khong (X = khong quan 0 1 AB = 20H ( 0010 0000 ) tat ca bang 1

cho phep xoa hien th khi = 1 (hoac bi CA =1) Trong suot thi gian RAM hien th ang b xoa( 160 S), no khong the c ghi vao. Bit co trong so cao nhat ( MSB) cua t trang thai c at trong suot thi gian nay. Khi RAM hien th tr nen kha dung tr lai, bit nay t ong c at lai. Neu CF = 1, trang thai FIFO b xoa va ng ngo rangat c at tai hang 0. CA, bit xoa tat ca, co s anh hng cua CD va CF. No s dung CDxoa ma tren RAM hien th va cung xoa trang thai FIFO. Hn the na, no con ong bo lai s nh thi ben trong. at mot bao loi / Ngat cuoi

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oi vi mot ma tran cam bien, t lenh nay ha ng IRQ xuong thap va cho phep ghi vao RAM (ng IRQ c nang len, phat hien mot s thay oi trong mot gia tr cam bien. ieu nay cung se cam ghi vao RAM cho en khi at lai). ot vi mot xoay vong N phm, neu bit E c lap trng bang 1, chip 8279 se hoat ong mot bao loi.

Khi tao 8279

Mac du 8279 co ti tam t ieu khien, nhng khong phai luc nao cung s dung het tat ca tam t nay. Khi khi tao mot 8279, th t cac t ieu khien sau ay la can thiet : + at mot hien th / ban phm + Lap trnh xung ong ho + Xoa RAM hien th hoac FIFO hoac ca hai Cac t ieu khien con lai co the c gi ra thanh ghi ieu khien trong luc nay hoac khi can. Viec oc ma cua ban phmco the c thc hien bang mot trong hai cach : dung ngat ( interrupt ) hoac dung ky thuat hoi vong ( polling ). Khi mot phm c an xuong, chan IRQ cua 8279 tao ra mot mc logic cao, neu dung ngat cua vi x ly. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat se oc ma cua phm an.