Abstracts - Embedded Systems and Electronics Projects 2010 - NCCT, Final Year Projects IEEE Projects

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IEEE PROJECTS 2010-11
A 2.4-GHZ CMOS SHORT RANGE WIRELESS SENSOR-NETWORK INTERFACE FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT This paper describes a CMOS interface for short-range wireless sensor networks (CMOS-SRWSN interface). The sensor interface is composed of a sensor readout, electronics for processing and control, a memor y, a radio-frequency CMOS transceiver for operation in the 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands, and a planar antenna. The receiver has a sensitivity of -60 d Bm and consu mes 6.3 mW from a 1.8-V supply. The transmitter delivers an output power of 0 dBm with a power consu mption of 11.2 mW. The application of the CMOS-SRWSN interface is in the auto motive industry for the reduction of cables and to support the information, communication, and entertainment systems in cars.
E MBE D DE D S Y S T E MS PR O JE C T S / IEE E PR O JE C T S
MI CRO CO NT R OLLE RS * V LSI * DSP * MAT LA B
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

http://www.ncct.in, www.ieeep roje cts.ne t, n cctche nnai @g mail.co m
NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A ROBOT MOTION AUTHORING USING FINGER-ROBOT INTERACTION

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a robot motion authoring using finger-robot interaction. The proposed method is a user-friendly method that easily authors (creates and controls) robot motion according to the number of fingers. The effectiveness of the proposed motion authoring method was verified based on motion authoring simulation of an industrial robot.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NOVEL APPROACH OF MAXIMIZING ENERGY HARVESTING IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS BASED ON BISECTION SEARCH THEOREM
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new appro ach o f maximizing energy harvesting in photovoltaic (PV) systems using bisection search theorem (BST). The fundamental of the BST and its app lication into maximu m po wer po int tr acker (MPPT) in PV systems are described. A microcon troller is used to contro l a DC/DC bo ost converter to realize the MPPT function. Experimental results fro m solar array simulator show th at the pro posed techniq ue can track maximu m power po int very fast within a few steps. The feasibility of the proposed MPPT is also verified in natural environment cond ition with two so lar modules in parallel. Sin ce the proposed technique is simple in co mputation, cheap in imp lementation and fast in tracking, it is expected to be widely used to replace conventional MPPT techniques in PV systems
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NODE LOCALIZATION SCHEME FOR ZIGBEE-BASED SENSOR NETWORKS

ABSTRACT The localization proble m consists in estimating the position o f the nodes with in the network. Th is is a cru cial issue for locationdependant applications. This paper presents an imple mentation o f a localization scheme based on ly on the received signal strength (SS) in a Zigbee -based sensor network. This is done b y taking advantage of the inherent radio co mmun ication capab ility present in each node. The algorith m is in tended for an ou tdoor environment. It is based in a model, which in fers distance between neighboring no des using the SS. A coordin ate system is then derived emplo ying a mu ltid imensional scaling (MDS) techniq ue. The signal po wer level variab ility due to ground reflection is approached using Llo yd Effect (fro m optics) and in corporated in the mo del.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A 2G-RFID-BASED E-HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Radio frequency identification technolog y has received an in creasing amoun t o f attention in the past few years as an impor tant e merging technolog y. However, the in trinsically passive features o f existing RF ID systems, to which we refer as first generation RFID syste ms, render their adaptation to real-world d ynamics in order to efficiently co mply with up-to -date app lication specific requirements d ifficult. To address th is challenging issue, we propo se an evolution to second-generation RFID systems ch aracterized b y the introdu ction of encoded rules that are d ynamically stored in RFID tags. This novel appro ach facilitates the syste ms operation to perform action s o n de mand for different ob jects in d ifferent situ ation s, and enables improved scalability. Based on 2G-RFID-Sys, we pro pose a novel e -healthcare man agement syste m, and explain how it can be emplo yed to leverage the effectiveness of existing ones. It is foreseeable that the flexib ility and scalability of 2G-RF IDSys will suppor t more au to matic and intelligent app lications in the future
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A SELF-POWERED POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR ENERGY HARV ESTED BY A PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER
ABSTRACT This paper presents development of a self-powered power man agement cir cuit for energy harvested b y a piezoelectric cantilever. A full-wave rectifier fo llowed b y a b uck-boo st converter runn ing in the d iscon tinuou s conduction mode rectifies the AC ou tput, matches the sour ce impedance, and generates a regulated DC outpu t provided the input p ower is sufficient to charge up the load . A lo w power microcon troller unit is used for the maximum power point tracking and the output voltage regulation . Experimental results show that the circuit can h arvest up to 3.5 mW with a 50x31.8 mm2 piezoelectric cantilever under 0.5g (r ms) base acceleration . Detailed loss an alysis is presented for efficiency enhancement in the future
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A LOW COST MICROCONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION OF NEURAL NETWORK BASED HURDLE AVOIDANCE CONTROLLER FOR A CAR-LIKE ROBOT
ABSTRACT This paper describes the imple mentation of a neural network based hurdle avoidance controller for a car like robot using a lo w cost single chip 89C52 microcontroller. The neural network is the mu ltilayer feed-forward network with back propagation training algorith m. The network is trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is implemented in real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function. Results have shown that up-to twenty neurons in hidden layer can be deployed with the proposed technique using a single 89C52 microcontroller. The vehicle is tested in various environments containing obstacles and is found to avoid obstacles in its path successfully.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A DESIGN OF BI-VERIFICATION VEHICLE ACCESS INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON RFID

ABSTRACT Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technolog y is widespread developed and common for vehicle management in intelligent community. Ho wever, smart card used as the sole certificate of identification could also be impersonated by criminals when the card is lost or sto len. In this paper, an improvement design to the current widely-used vehicle monitoring systems, which utilize the RFID technology to carry on is presented in details. An embedded system is added to enhance security and stability. Flash memor y is u sed to enable the system run even when the server is powered off or reset Besides, an authentication system is designed to ask the driver to input the right user information when a target is moving out of the community during the peak time for car thieves, and an SMS (short message service) reminder will simultaneously be sent to the customer's mobile phone. The newly designed system keeps in good touch with security staff and video monitoring system to reduce the possibility of vehicle theft cases. Our system is proved to have greatly improved the conventional automob ile supervising system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A SECURITY ANALYSIS FOR W IRELESS SENSOR MESH NETW ORKS IN HIGHLY CRITICAL SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT Nowad ays, critical control syste ms are a fundamental component con tributing to the overall performance of cr itical in frastructures in our society, most of which belong to the industrial sector. These co mplex systems include in their desig n different types of in for mation and co mmun ication technolo g y systems, su ch as wireless (mesh) sensor networks, to carr y out con trol processes in real time. This fact has meant that several co mmunication standard s, such as Zigbee PRO, Wireless HART, and ISA100.11a, have been specified to ensure coexistence , reliability, and security in their co mmun ications. The main purpose of this paper has been to review these three standards and an alyze their security. We have identified a set of threats and potential attacks in their routing pro tocols, an d we con sequently provide reco mmendations and countermeasures to help Industr y protect its infrastructures
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A GROUP TOUR GUIDE SYSTEM WITH RFIDS AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
ABSTRACT This p aper proposes a new application framework for group tour guiding services based on RFIDs and wireless sensor network. We consider a sensing field mixed with multiple independent tourist groups, each with a leader and several members. Members of a group will fo llow the moving path of their leader, but may occasionally roam around randomly based on their interest. Sensor nodes have to track leaders' locations and maintain following paths fro m members to leaders. A me mber may ask where his/her leader is, and a leader may "recall" his/her members. We propose a feasible solution to such an application b y u sing existing technologies. A group guiding protoco l is presented. The design enables reliable group guiding at lo w cost and lo w traffic load.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A LOW-COST REAL-TIME CLOSED-LOOP EPILEPTIC SEIZURE MONITOR AND CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a neurolog ical disorder, which so metimes canno t be su ccessfully treated. We propose a real-time closed-loop monitoring and controlling device for ep ileptic seizure detection and suppressio n. This wireless-networked embedded device in cludes signal cond ition ing circu itr y, a stimu lator, and a Microcontro ller with a wireless transceiver. A TI CC2430 receives the cond itioned EEG signals and performs feature extraction on them to determine if a seizure has happened. The Zig Bee-based wireless transceiver tran smits the EEG data to the backend co mputer for future off-line stud y. If a seizure is detected after the real-time co mputation , an enabling signal is sent to the stimulator to generate stimu lating pulses to suppress the seizure. The feature extraction is imp lemented using entrop y and spectrum an alysis, fo llo wed b y an LLS classifier. A fast seizure detection response time of around 0.6 s and a seizure detection algorith m accuracy of above 95%, when applied to a standard dataset, were achieved with the proposed portab le embedded device
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A MULTI-CHANNEL REMOTE CONTROLLER FOR HOME AND OFFICE APPLIANCES

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and implementation of a multichannel remote controller (MCRC) for ho me and office appliances. The aim of this work is to integrate several existing remote controller channels in a co mmon platform. The proposed controller supports access to controlled environment via Web Page, Smart-Phone (SP), PDA, GSM network and telephone lines. The suggested controller is more reliable than conventional ones especially during emergency condition such as main server failure and interruption in GSM or Internet network. The suggested system enables easy and flexible access to controlled devices. The hardware part of the controller contains a home server which is built upon PC and auxiliar y microcontrollers. The feasibility of this architecture has been demonstrated with a prototype implementation and presented in details.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NEW INTELLIGENT REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HOME AUTOMATION AND REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and implementation of an internetbased smart remote control system for home automation, dedicated to power management that adapts power consumption to available power resources according to user comfort and cost criteria. Sensors and ho me appliances are connected to the designed and implemented control panel and then they are monitored and controlled from every corner of the world through the Internet cloud. The system is scalable and allows addition al app liances to be added to it with no major changes to its core. New communication format is proposed to enable communication between the control panel and the server as well. To verify the principle operation of the design, some home applications are experimentally tested. Experimental results show the efficiency and accuracy of proposed intelligent control system in terms of energy saving and being user friendly.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NEW SCHEME FOR M ANAGEMENT OF CINEMA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM IN A COST EFFECTIVE WAY BY USING RFID
ABSTRACT Watching movies has been one of the oldest sources of recreation. Standing in long queues for availing tickets has been a problem though. In the present day scenario the possibility of terrorist attacks in movie halls has also increased. In our paper, we have described a novel scheme how the movies can be seen in a multiplex without standing in long queues. Also, the security of multiplexes can also be increased through our proposed scheme. The number of employees can also be reduced by our proposed scheme.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NOVEL MEMS RESPIRATORY FLOW SENSOR

ABSTRACT A novel CMOS-process-compatible MEMS sensor for monitoring respiration is presented. This resistive flow sensor was manufactured b y the TSMC 0.35 m CMOS/MEMS mixed-signal 2P4M polycide process. The sensor was demonstrated to be sensitive enough to detect the respiratory flo w rate, and the relationship between flow rate and sensed voltage is quite linear. If one can integrate the sensor with its sensing circuit into a single chip, the cost of a pneumotach system can be greatly reduced. Moreover, the proposed sensor is useful in both invasive and noninvasive applications.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR PREVENTING CURRENT METHOD ELECTRICITY-STEALING

ABSTRACT Nowadays, current method electricity-stealing is difficult to prevent. The novel technique proposed improves the structure of current coupling device in single -phase or three-phase electric power measuring equipment, and two high-frequency coupling windings are added to each current coupling device. High-frequency detection signals generated in electric power measuring equipment are injected into current transformer secondary side. At the same time, the advanced ARM microprocessor is adopted for sampling the high-frequency signals coupled back and real-time computation . It can recognize the normal, opened or shorted state of current transformer secondary side circuit correctly and prevents current method electricity-stealing effectively.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A REMOTE HOME SECURITY SYSTEM BASED ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK AND GSM TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT In this paper, a low-power consumption remote home security alarm system developed by applying WSN and GSM technology is presented. It can detect the theft, leaking of raw gas and fire, and send alarm message remotely. The hardware of this system includes the single chip C5081F310, wireless receiving and sending chip CC1100 as well as the SIMENS TC35 GSM module. The system software developed in C51 language has the ability of collecting, wireless receiving and sending data, and can send a piece of alarm short message to the user's mobile phone when some dangerous condition has been detected.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A PORTABLE INTELLIGENT ECG MONITOR BASED ON WIRELESS INTERNET AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT In this article, we present a Portable Intelligent ECG Monitor (PIEM) which can be used in a Wireless Remote Monitoring System. For the hardware design, Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) as well as ECG App lication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), GSM/GPRS and NAND F lash technologies is adopted. As for the software implementation, a real-time kernel called C/OSII and some related application programs were developed, among which an efficient and robust on-line ECG interpretation algorithm is included. A prototype of this device is finally acco mplished and has been put into use in the clinical environment for one month. The results of the experiment show that this PIEM is clinically approved, accurate in its measurement, highly mobile, easy-to-use, durable and light-weight. Once this prototype is developed into product, there's no doubt that more and more cardiac patients will benefit from it.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY SIGNALS IN BUILT-IN SELF TESTERS FOR MIXED-SIGNAL EMBEDDED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT This p aper concerns the implementation of shapedesigned co mp lementar y sign als (CSs), which were matched to the frequency char acteristic of the circu it under test, in bu ilt-in self testers (BISTs), dedicated to mixed-signal embedded electronic systems for testing their analog sectio ns. The essence of the proposed method and solution of CS BIST is lo w-co st realization on the base of hardware and software resources of micro controllers that were used in conte mporar y embedded syste ms. This paper presents a description and a theoretical basis of known bip olar CSs and un ipolar CSs proposed b y the au thors, results of investigations o f metrological pro perties of CSs, and a solution of CS BIST and its experimental verification on the examples of testing second- and four th-order Butterworth filters
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A SMART ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS SENSOR METER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT A te mperature, hu mid ity and light meter h as been designed and imp lemented using open stand ards technolog y and co mmercial co mponents in order to monitor environmental indoor and outdoor cond ition s. At the heart of the smart meter lies a microprocessor processor using the Zig Bee pro tocol to co mmunicate the d ata transmitted b y co mmercial wireless sensors. A pro totype h as been bu ilt and prelimin ar y measurements have been taken. The potential of this configuration is being d iscu ssed.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A SURVEILLANCE ROBOT WITH HOPPING CAPABILITIES FOR HOME SECURITY ABSTRACT

Most trad itional ho me robo ts have always had prob lems with stairs, doorsills and o ther obstacles that hu mans cross with ease in cluttered indoor environ ments. This p aper presents the develop ment and characterization of a surveillan ce robot with hopping capabilities for h ome security. The proposed robot, which is 9cm in height and 250g in weight, can leap over obstacles more than 4 times its own size. It depends on the elastic elements in a six-bar linkage leg system to enable hopp ing loco motion. It can also ro ll freely on flat floors and ch ange its d irections b y the two-wheeled d ifferential drive system. It adopts the Zig Bee protoco l for wireless co mmunication and therefore can be added to a Zig Bee -based ho me contro l network as a mobile video sensor node. Experimental results verify that the prototype robot is a powerful ho me security device that can patrol in clu ttered home environments with ease
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A WEB-BASED DISTRIBUTED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL POW ER QUALITY MONITORING

ABSTRACT Industries' systems are shifting toward almost entirely sophisticated electronic devices. Power Quality (PQ) analysis is getting importance for the economy because this equipment is highly sensitive to PQ events. Control and supervision of an industrial process has mainly been focused on the electrical protection, and little attention has been paid to the quality of the electrical supplies. Nowadays, measurement and communications systems have advanced to enable the installation of web-based sensors within a PQ assessment scenario. In this sense, this paper presents an innovative low-cost measurement system, as well as investigates the challenges and trends in the development of distributed PQ measurement systems using smart sensors.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A WIRELESS QUIZ SYSTEM USING LOW POWER MICROCONTROLLERS

ABSTRACT One of the man y important parts of an y multi-particip ant quiz game show is the Player Selection System. All participating groups are equipped with a selection button placed in front of them wh ich can be used by them to give a response. The Player Selection System determines the group that gives the first response. Many of these systems used today are wired systems that consu me a considerable amount of power. This paper describes an easily installable, expandable robust wireless quiz system using a low battery-powered microcontroller interfaced with a RF wireless transmitter.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A SURVEILLANCE ROBOT WITH HOPPING CAPABILITIES FOR HOME SECURITY ABSTRACT

Most trad itional ho me robo ts have always had prob lems with stairs, doorsills and o ther obstacles that hu mans cross with ease in cluttered indoor environ ments. This p aper presents the develop ment and characterization of a surveillan ce robot with hopping capabilities for h ome security. The proposed robot, which is 9cm in height and 250g in weight, can leap over obstacles more than 4 times its own size. It depends on the elastic elements in a six-bar linkage leg system to enable hopp ing loco motion. It can also ro ll freely on flat floors and ch ange its d irections b y the two-wheeled d ifferential drive system. It adopts the Zig Bee protoco l for wireless co mmunication and therefore can be added to a Zig Bee -based ho me contro l network as a mobile video sensor node. Experimental results verify that the prototype robot is a powerful ho me security device that can patrol in clu ttered home environments with ease
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A ZIGBEE-BASED HOME AUTOMATION SY STEM ABSTRACT

In recent years, the ho me environ ment has seen a rapid in troduction of network enabled digital technolog y. This technolog y o ffers new and exciting opportun ities to increase the connectivity of devices within the ho me for the purpo se o f home au to mation . Moreover, with the rap id expansion of the Internet, there is the added po tential for the remote contro l a nd mon itoring of such network enabled devices. Ho wever, the adoption of home au to mation systems has been slow. This paper identifies the reasons for this slow adoptio n and evaluates the potential of ZigBee for addressing these prob lems through the design and imple mentation of a flexib le home au to mation arch itecture. A Zig Bee b ased ho me auto mation system and Wi-F i network are in tegrated through a co mmon ho me gateway. The ho me gateway provides network interoperability, a simple and flexible user in terface, and re mote access to the system. A ded icated virtual ho me is imp lemented to cater for the syste ms security and safety needs. To de monstrate the feasib ility and effectiveness of the proposed system, four devices, a light switch, rad iator valve, safety sensor and Zig Bee remo te contro l have been developed and evaluated with the ho me auto mation system.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ADDING NEW FUNCTIONS TO THE REMOTE AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT There are man y remote air fields that are not connected to the power grid . Providing adequate lighting to these airfields is necessar y and challenging. The Federal Aviation Ad min istration (F AA) has sponsored a research project, Remote Airfield Ligh ting Syste ms (RALS), through the Center for General Aviation Research (CGAR). The finding s fro m the RALS research specified a light that h ad low power needs an d a color/intensity to meet the requirements for airfield identification and land ing. To make these ligh ts more appropr iate to wide spread applications, the research team is condu cting an exemp lar y operational test. In th is paper, we d iscuss the new functio ns added to these lights for the operational test, inclu ding both auto matically/remotely switching on/off the lights and smart ch arging of the batteries using solar panels under the con trol o f a micro controller. In add ition , we consider future new functions such as lo w cost pilot controlled lighting as well as wireless networking for health monitoring and controlling of the lig hting system. These new fun ctions can greatly improve the convenience of the usage of RALS while keeping the same low cost.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AMBIENT INTELLIGENT ROBOT-SENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE AND REMOTE SENSING
ABSTRACT The paper regards development of an ambient intelligent (aware), multi agent, robot-sensor networks for outdoor surveillance and monitoring of human living and working environments. Heterogeneous robot-sensor system consists of autono mous, ambient aware, robust outdoor mob ile robots for performing environmental tasks and networked distributed terrestrial and water sensors integrated into the unique Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS). The goal is supervision, monitoring and remote sensing of territories and lands. More specifically, the objectives of the paper are addressed to design new methods and technology that integrate enhanced perception, based on heterogeneous sensor system, with advanced cognitive capabilities of mobile robots. Integrated solutions are planned to be validated in a real environment such as park of nature ldquo Ada Ciganlijardquo (city of Belgrade), taking full advantage of dynamic ecological system and recent advances in ICT technolog y and sensor miniaturisation .
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AN AUTOMATED REMOTE MESSAGING SYSTEM USING GSM COMMUNICATIONS

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a method for implementing global system for mobile communications (GSM) control of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) Messaging Display for advertising purposes. The existing LED display will be used and integrated with the custom-built GSM controller board, inclusive of microcontroller for control and data transmission to the GSM modem.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN EMBEDDED ELECTRIC METER BASED ON BLUETOOTH DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT We design an embedded electric meter based on Bluetooth data acquisition system in view of the complicated cables and accident potential in the process of data acqu isition of electric meter. Comb ined wireless Bluetooth communication technology with data acquisition system, we build wireless data acquisition system based on ARM processor LPC2142 and Bluetooth chip Rok101008 in the embedded electric meter which can reduces the cable connections. During the design process of embedded electric meter, we select the appropriate shunt, eliminate or reduce the effect of ESD before it connects with sensitive units so as to n arrow the broadband circuit and isolate sensitive units, access the varistor in the power supply circu it to eliminate or reduce EFT. The major difference between Bluetooth data acquisition system and other data collector is that it realizes wireless data transmission after the A/D conversion. Furthermore, the system is simp ler, integrated, anti-interference, stronger mobility and practicability.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND RFID SOLUTION FOR TRANSPORT RELATED ISSUES

ABSTRACT Time and efficiency are matter of priority now. RFID (Radio Frequency identification) emerges as one of the converging technologies. While transportation plays an important role in urbanization, RFID is now key catalyst in signifying the merit of it. RFID plays major role in auto ID applications like RFID contact less smart cards used b y bus riders, in Super market, Textiles and logistics chain management. Th is paper aims to understand the benefits of RFID technology in other countries and to identify possibilities extending it to Indian market. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) has been a great success in providing both voice and low speed data services. The Enhanced Circuit Switched Data on GSM (ECSD) is one of the major evolutionary steps to serve real time high speed data services. Population explosion is the source of so many issues, one among them is transport. In this paper, we propose a novel method to tackle traffic related issues. Applications such as accident alert, toll gate control, parking slot management, traffic ru le violation control are explained in this paper.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN IMPROVED POTENTIAL FIELD METHOD FOR MOBILE ROBOT PATH PLANNING IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS
ABSTRACT An improved potential field method for automatic mobile robot path planning is proposed in this paper. At present, most potential field methods are designed to be applied in the stationary environment, and several improved potential functions have brought in the velocity factors in d ynamic situation. Based on the consideration that the moving trend of the robot in dynamic environment is also necessary to produce more reasonable planning path, this paper defines new attractive potential function with respect to the relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the robot and the goal, as well as the repulsive potential function with respect to the relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the robot and the obstacles. The virtual force is calculated to make the robot plan its motion not only with right positions, but also with suitab le velocities, furthermore, the robot will keep a similar moving trend with the goal and a contrar y trend with the obstacles. At last, some methodic simulations are carried out to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new potential field method.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN INTELLIGENT ROAD TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT This p aper reveals the u se of a microcontro ller to optimize timing plans accord ing to traffic conditions in realtime. The contro l syste m is de signed to be ab le to optimize the traffic flow u sing several kinds of strategies, wh ich are green time sp lit and time slo t, green time extension, and o ffset optimization str ategy and the tran sfer of data related to lo cal conditions to a network contro l base. This provides diversity in control and shows how several control str ategies can be used and switched over to provide best contro l. The so lutio n is cost-effective too e mplo ying minimu m nu mber of sensors. Keywords- In telligent Tr affic Contro l System (ITCS), Microcontro ller, Network b ase, Timing Matrix
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN INTELLIGENT TELECARDIOLOGY SYSTEM USING A WEARABLE AND WIRELESS ECG TO DETECT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
ABSTRACT
This study pr ese nts a nove lwir eless , am bulator y, rea ltim e, and autoa larm inte llige nt te lecar diology s ystem to im pr ove hea lthcare for car diovasc ular diseas e, w hic h is one of the m ost pre va le nt a nd c ostly hea lth pr oblems in the w or ld. This s ys tem c onsists of a lightwe ight a nd powe r-s a ving w ire le ss ECG de vice e quipped w ith a built -in automa tic war ning ex pe rt s ystem . This de vice is c onnec te d to a m obile a nd ubiquitous rea l-time dis pla y platform . The ac quire d ECG s igna ls are insta nta ne ous ly tra nsm itte d to m obile de vices , s uc h as netbooks or m obile phones thr ough Blue tooth, and the n, pr ocesse d by the ex pert s ystem . An a lert signa l is se nt to the rem ote da ta base ser ver , w hic h ca n be access ed by a n Inter net br owse r, once a n a bnorma l ECG is de tected. The curre nt ver sion of the ex per t s ystem ca n ide ntify five type s of a bnorma l ca rdia c r hythms in re al-tim e, inc luding s inus tac hyca rdia , s inus bra dyca rdia , w ide QRS c om plex , a tr ia l fibr illation (AF), a nd car diac as ystole , w hic h is ver y im portant for both the s ubjects w ho are be ing monitore d a nd the hea lthcare pers onne l tr ack ing c ar diac-r hythm disorders . The pr opos ed s ystem a ls o ac tivate s a n emer ge nc y m edic al alarm s ys tem w he n problem s oc cur. Clinica l te sting re vea ls that the pr opose d s ystem is a ppr ox ima te ly 94 % a cc ura te , with high se ns itivity, s pec ific ity, a nd pos itive pre dic tion ra tes for te n nor ma l subjec ts a nd 20 AF patie nts. We be lie ve that in the future a bus iness -car d-lik e ECG de vice , ac companie d w ith a m obile phone , ca n make universa l ca rdia c pr otec tion ser vice pos sible .
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN RFID-BASED CLOSED-LOOP W IRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT This br ief presents a standalone closed-loop wireless power tran smission system that is built around a co mmercial off -theshelf (COTS) radio -frequency identification (RF ID) reader (TRF7960) operating at 13.56 MHz. It can be used for inductively powering implantab le bio medical devices in a clo sed loop. An y ch anges in the distance and misalign ment between tran smitter and receiver co ils in near-field wireless power tran smission can cause a sign ificant ch ange in the received power, wh ich can cau se either a malfunction or excessive heat dissip ation . RFID circu its are often used in an open loop . However, their b ack telemetr y capab ility can be utilized to stab ilize the received voltage on the imp lant. Our measurements showed th at the delivered po wer to the transponder was maintained at 11.2 mW over a r ange of 0.5 to 2 cm, wh ile the tran smitter power con su mption chan ged from 78 mW to 1.1 W. The closed-loop system can also oppose voltage variation s as a result of su dden changes in the load current.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN ULTRA-LOW-POWER PULSE OXIMETER IMPLEMENTED WITH AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER

ABSTRACT Pulse oximeters are ubiquitous in modern medicine to noninvasively measure the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in a patient's blood b y co mparing the transmission characteristics of red and infrared light-emitting diode light through the patient's finger with a photoreceptor. We present an analog single -chip pulse oximeter with 4.8-mW total power dissipation, wh ich is an order of magnitude below our measurements on commercial implementations. The majority of this power reduction is due to the use of a novel logarithmic transimpedance amp lifier with inherent contrast sensitivity, distributed amplification, un ilateralization, and auto matic loop gain control. The transimpedance amplifier, together with a photodiode current source, form a high-performance photoreceptor with characteristics similar to those found in nature, which allows LED power to be reduced. Therefore, our oximeter is well suited for portable medical applications, such as continuous ho me -care monitoring for elderly or chronic patients, emergency patient transport, remote soldier monitoring, and wireless medical sensing. Furthermore, our design obviates the need for an A-to-D and dig ital signal processor and leads to a small single -chip solution . We outline how extensions of our work could lead to submilliwatt oximeters.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAN BUS TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY REAL-TIME DATA COMMUNICATION
ABSTRACT The real-time data communication of real-time operation system is a difficu lt point. This p aper analyzes the functions and characteristics of embedded real-time operation system VxWorks and CAN field bus, and makes use of CAN field bus to realize the data communication between embedded real-time operation system VxWorks and work-site MCU (micro-controller unit). The applications of CAN bus can satisfy the reliability and real-time request of data co mmun ication co mpletely. The general steps of CAN bus app lications offer reference for CAN bus applications in real-time operation system.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DRIVER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS DURING ACC ACTIVATION AND DEACTIVATION IN A REAL TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT For the development of a traffic-simulation model to estimate the effect of adaptive cruise control (ACC) syste ms on traffic safety, throughput, and environment, data of a field operational test (FOT) were analyzed, in which vehicles were equipped with ACC and lane departure warning (LDW) systems. The objective of this paper is to use this F OT to investigate the deactivation or (re)activation of the ACC on driver behavior in a real traffic environment. By taking these results into account in the traffic simulation environment, a more realistic evaluation of the impact of ACC on safety, throughput, and environment can be achieved. So me of the conclusions that were found are that after the participants deactivated the ACC b y pressing the brake pedal, the gap with the lead vehicle was decreased. Resuming the ACC b y activating the system or b y releasing the throttle after overruling the system resulted in a larger gap between participant and lead vehicle than an overruled ACC or the ACC turned off. The participants overruled the ACC b y pressing the throttle mainly to overtake the lead vehicle.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BODY TEMPERATURE AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM MONITORING USING AN SMS-BASED TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM

ABSTRACT A mobile monitoring system utilizing short message service with low-cost h ardware equipment has been developed and implemented to enable transmission of the temperature and ECG signal of a patient. Communication between a mobile phone client and a remote smartphone (or PDA) con sultation /server unit is achieved through programming the client using atte ntion command s (at-co mmands), and the protocol description unit (PDU) mode. The experimental setup can be operated for monitoring from anywhere covered by the Cellular (GSM) service by exchanging SMS messages with the remote mobile device. At the consultation unit, a dedicated application software is required to manage the follow of SMS messages from the mobile and display the temperature and ECG of the patient.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
COAL MINE DETECT AND RESCUE ROBOT TECHNIQUE RESEARCH

ABSTRACT Coal mine is a d ange rous field, various fatal factors menace people. The rescuers have known the mine tunnel actual situation when a disaster in coal mine occurs. Especially, it is very dangerous to go into the tunnel without detect in advanced because second explosion may occur at an y time. Aiming to the task, the rescue robot can be sent to explosion environment and detect gas content and temperature, etc. Meanwhile the environmental data are sent to the rescuers. This paper introduces a coal mine detect and rescue robot. It is co mposed of mechanism, control system, co mmun ication system and sensors, etc. It can run in explosion environment, climb ruins, check gas, and carry some food and medicine to the miners in disaster. The main problems have weight of the robot body, co mmun ication in turn tunnel, explosion-proof structure design. The design of the robot in this p aper gives the solutions.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
CONTROL OF REMOTE DOMESTIC SYSTEM USING DTMF

ABSTRACT The human mind always needs information of interest to control systems of his/her choice. In the age of electronic systems it is important to be able to contro l and acquire infor mation from everywhere. Although man y methods to remotely control systems h ave been devised, the methods have the problems such as the need for special devices and software to control the system. This p aper suggests a method for control using the DTMF tone generated when the user pushes mobile phone keypad buttons or when connected to a remote mobile system. The proposed work has been done experimentally and has been verified in real time.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR FOR STEERING WHEEL RIP FORCE MEASUREMENT IN DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION
ABSTRACT This p aper presents a low-cost and simple distributed force sensor that is particular ly su itable for measuring grip force and hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver's fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key po int of our approach is to design a chain of sensor units, each of them provided with some intelligence and general purpose capabilities, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel. A proof-of-concept demonstration of the distributed sensor consisting of 16 units based on capacitive sensing elements has been realised and preliminar y results are presented.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY SIGNALS IN BUILT-IN SELF TESTERS FOR MIXED-SIGNAL EMBEDDED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT This p aper concerns the implementation of shapedesigned co mp lementar y sign als (CSs), which were matched to the frequency char acteristic of the circu it under test, in bu ilt-in self testers (BISTs), dedicated to mixed-signal embedded electronic systems for testing their analog sectio ns. The essence of the proposed method and solution of CS BIST is lo w-co st realization on the base of hardware and software resources of micro controllers that were used in conte mporar y embedded syste ms. This paper presents a description and a theoretical basis of known bip olar CSs and un ipolar CSs proposed b y the au thors, results of investigations o f metrological pro perties of CSs, and a solution of CS BIST and its experimental verification on the examples of testing second- and four th-order Butterworth filters
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STAIRCLIMBING ROBOT

ABSTRACT Taiwan and other developed countries have being experienced an emergence of a growing aging population. Ho me -caring robot is an excellent candidate capable of supporting such an aging society. In the paper, a robot is designed to move up-and-down stairs to provide service for the elders. The robot consists of a main bod y for moving, a front arm and a rear arm for moving up and down stairs. The main bod y is equipped with two brush less dc motors (BLDCMs) and their drives for locomotion, worm gears for torque amplification, two dc motors to control two arms, and DSP-based board as control center. The robot is equipped with roller chains attached with rubbe r blocks used to generate friction with ground and stairs for moving. The distance between any two rubber blocks is properly arranged to fix the stair br ink. The moving direction of the robot is steered based on the speed difference of two BLDCMs and the information from ultrasonic sensors. A walking experiment of moving up and down stairs with the rise of 120 mm and depth of 400 mm is shown in the video.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOCKET WITH LOW STANDBY POWER

ABSTRACT Turned-off electric home appliances generally still require standby power when they are plugged in. In this paper we present a way to reduce the standby power of a socket. Our socket supplies the appliances with power when the user turns them on. When the user turns them off, our socket shuts the electric power off and reduces the standby power to zero. Our design, which uses a microcontroller unit (MCU), receives signals from a p yroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor which detects the user approaching the socket. A po wer detector provides an MCU to control the solid state relay (SSR) On /Off when used as an appliance switch for shutting off the standby power. The components we use are very inexpensive and consume only 0.2 W. The MCU monitoring program provides both automatic detection of the user by the PIR sensor and detection of power consumption.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DRUG MANAGEMENT: HOW TO PROVIDE DRUG ON ASSIGNED TIME?

ABSTRACT Drug management defined as giving drugs to the patient on assigned time. The aim of these systems is to deliver the correct drug to the patient who needs it. These kinds of systems increase the confidence of the patient by making him/her independent of the nurse. In this paper, with the use of Mikro Basic software and microcontroller (PIC16F 877A), we designed the system which delivers drugs to the patient on assigned time and in three ways (which are chosen with the input switch). One way is b y setting the time of each box of drugs. The second is by phone calling on drug delivery time and the other is by sending radio frequencies from control center and receiving them in drug delivery system. Actually, th is system is as a reminder for using drugs on time especially for children and aged people.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF W IRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN THE OIL, GAS AND RESOURCES INDUSTRIES
ABSTRACT The paper provides a stud y on the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in refineries, petrochemicals, underwater development facilities, and oil and gas platfor ms. The work focuses on networks that monitor the production process, to either prevent or detect health and safety issues or to enhance production. WSN applications offer great opportunities for production optimization where the use of wired counterparts may prove to be prohibitive. They can be used to remotely monitor pipelines, natural gas leaks, corrosion, H2S, equipment condition, and real-time reservoir status. Data gathered by such devices enables new insights into plant operation and innovative solutions that aids the oil, gas and resources industries in improving platform safety, optimizing operations, preventing problems, tolerating errors, and reducing operating costs. In this paper, we survey a number of WSN app lications in oil, gas and resources industry operations.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM TO DETECT SURGICAL MATERIAL RETAINED IN THE PATIENTS DURING OPERATION
ABSTRACT
The retained ma terial s duri ng surgi cal procedure s lead to se rious compli cati ons for the patients all over the world, and can even cause death. Nowadays, even though vari ous meth ods and commercial products have been developed in order to prevent surgical team s from unintenti onally leaving material s inside pa tients, a sa ti sfa ctory succe ss level coul d not be achieved. The main aim of thi s study i s to de si gn, realize, and te st a system ba sed on radio-frequency (RF) communica tion that can de tect surgi cal material s re tained in the patients under surgery. In thi s study, two di fferent mi croproce ssor controlled system s that use commercially available recei ver/ transmitter m odule s opera ting at 433. 92 and 868 MHz RF signal s were developed. The transmi tters, which we referred to a s tags, were placed in the tanks that modeled human abdomen. The tanks were filled with water having different volume s and conducti vitie s. The te sts were performed in an environment similar to the operating room s. I n addi tion, in the se te sts the power level s obtained a t the re ceiver with re spect to the di stance to the transmi tter were inve sti gated. For 433.92 MHz tags, the power level s at the receiver de crea sed 5 -10 dBm when they were placed in the water compared to the mea surements taken in the open air. In addi tion, tag-speci fi c codi ng wa s realized, thus it wa s possi ble to dete ct whi ch tags were active. The re sul ts showed that 433. 92 MHz tags performed better than 868 MHz tags. Finally, the se te sts demonstrated the proof of concept of thi s system in dete cti ng surgi cal material s retained in the patients under surgery.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART CLEAR PATH INDICATOR

ABSTRACT A new multi-sensor strategy aimed to assist blind people in performing mobility tasks is proposed. The device is based on arrays of IR sensors and uses a threshold strategy to produce very reliable information on the target position. Low-co st feature is also achieved. The signal processing is performed by adopting non-linear paradigm running on a microcontroller. Experimental evidence of the device performance is given.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMBULATORY MULTIPARAMETER MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RELATED PARAMETERS
ABSTRACT This p aper presents the hardware overview, design and implementation of a fully wireless ambulator y mu lti-parameter monitoring system. This mobile ambulator y system is designed to be integrated, wearable, and of low power consu mption. The front-end hardware includes sensors and signal-conditioning circuits, integrated into a form factor of 30mmX50mm. Co mmunication is implemented with Bluetooth sensor to form the Bod y Area Network (BAN). Ph ysio logical stress related parameters measured include heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, body/environmental temperature, respiration rate and depth, and activity. This system can be generalized for other physiological monitoring applications.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE W ASTE GAS MONITOR SYSTEM

ABSTRACT In order to effectively supervise factor y chimne y waste gas circu mstance, a kind of remote waste gas monitor syste m is designed, with the ARM as its core contro ller, collects the ch imney pollutan t indexes con sisting of exhaust p articu late, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides as well as nitrogen oxides through d ifferent gas sensors, and takes advantage of Glob al Position ing System(GPS) to o btain the chimne y position accur ately, after that, the in for mation it collects is transmitted to the center control co mpu ter via GSM or the co mplete public switched telephone network. Moreover, in order to provide the environ ment protection departments convenience in supervising factories making little environmental pollution , the system also uses Glob al System for Mobile Commu nications wireless tran smission way in wh ich it alar ms when the collected data exceeds the nation al stand ards. All the real-time data is not only tran smitted b y the public switched telephone network or GSM system to the core co mpu ter, but also stored into SD memor y card through SPI interface. Practical run shows that the system is well realized the fun ction of GPS position ing, remo te data transmissio n, exceeding-standardalar ming , and d ata storage, and the precision of system is no hig her than 2.5 percent.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POW ER BASED AUTOMATIC SUNLIGHT ADJUSTING SYSTEM FOR HOME CARE
ABSTRACT With increasing population of elder people around the world, the demand of ho me care system su ch as sufficient sunlight supplier from natural resource is getting much attention in recent years. This p aper has proposed an automatic sunlight adjusting system (ASAS) using solar power for the shutter action control. The proposed system can keep sunlight moderate as desired in the indoor room. Once the solar battery power is insufficient to support the system, the system power can be switched to AC source immediately using the AC/DC switch ing system (ASS). This mechanism in deed extends the green power applications and is very feasible for general facilities that require no large power. Real practical performance results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in term of simple, flexible and efficient performance.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTED REMOTE TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM BASED ON CAN BUS
ABSTRACT In modem industrial and agricultural production, the working temperature change reflects the operating status of equipments and change of man y ph ysical characteristics, so the temperature is an important parameter, which needs to be monitored, especially in the severe environment. The workers can make right judg ments and operation by a temperature monitor. So it is the most effective and most economical means of equipment safety monitoring. A temperature remote monitoring embedded system platfor m is designed in the paper. And the embedded microprocessor AT91SAM7X256 is used as CPU of the system. The system realizes real-time remote data collection mon itoring and storage through protocol data conversion of the CAN bus and RS232 bus of the distributed temperature acquisition node. At the same time, the system realizes the remote temperature monitoring and control through TCP/IP Industrial Ethernet Web. The system platfor m can be applied to certain equipments of the power system, intelligent agriculture remote monitoring, intelligent furniture monitoring, intelligent warehouse monitoring and so on. The temperature measurement accuracy is within 0.5C. The system is reliable and stab le. And there are not commun ication failures. So it has very good social prospects.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DIGITAL AVERAGE CURRENT-MODE CONTROL OF PWM DCDC CONVERTERS WITHOUT CURRENT SENSORS
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a digital average current-mode control technique for pulsewidth modulation dc-dc converters which only rely on voltage samp ling. The proposed approach is to estimate inductor current using firstorder discrete-time low-pass filter; therefore, the controller can calculate average inductor current in every switching cycle. As a novel technique of predictive average current control, it has been investigated by choosing an appropriate duty ratio to regulate valley inductor current first and then eliminating error between the estimated average inductor current and a reference current in succedent switching cycle. The algorith m is b ased on a two-loop control structure to achieve an accurate voltage regulation and is derived for three basic converters: buck, boost, and buck-boost. The validity of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by simulation and experimental results on a dc-dc boost converter.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF LOW COST DISCRETE PSD CONTROLLER FOR POW ER ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT Most systems are con trolling b y co mmon PID contro llers. These PID contro llers are availab le in variety po ssib ilities. The y are divided b y types of con trolling systems, b y speed of action in terference, b y co mplexity, b y robu stness etc. Most of indu strial contro llers are very expensive and except of so me basic setting they are not offering an y o ther way, ho w to involve into controlling pro cess. On the other side, developing new analo g contro ller to control simple syste ms is not reasonable in fin ancial or time issue. Thats wh y we decided to bu ild simple, discrete contro ller and implement its algorith m in to single ch ip eight b it Microco ntroller (MCU). This discrete contro ller PSD is ch aracteristic its simplicity and variab ility. It can con trol plenty of less co mplicated syste ms b y a mere change of its ch aracteristic parameters. Than ks to modern approach is possible to create a fu ll - featured con troller including po wer action element on an area equal to 7cm2.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
CAN BUS APPLICATION IN AUTOMOTIVE NETWORK CONTROL

ABSTRACT CAN bus automotive network control syste m hardware flat roof was set up based on DSP56F807. CAN se nding and re ceiving procedure were wrote with C language. The lighting, dire ct curre nt ele ctromotor, e lectromagnetic actuator control node tests and can bus PRI interce ssion te st etc were completed in laboratory. Experimental re sults prove that this syste m simulate d CAN bus application in automotive network control. Foundation of syste m installing te st is establishe d in the next ste p.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NODES BASED ON CC2430 FOR THE AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION W IRELESS MONITORING
ABSTRACT I A newly developed sensor node, which can monitor soil temperature, is designed through modular design method. The hardware of sensor node is base on a CC2430 micro-controller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. The software system includes the temperature collection, information transmission, and the communication between two nodes. The node can collect soil temperature information and then send it to upper network node. The designed node possesses compact structure, stable performance, and small volume. The effective communication s distance between nodes reaches 80 m and the error ratio is approximately 1 %, which meets the requirement of agricultural information collection. This stud y provide better hardware platform for further researching the commun ication protoco ls of wireless sensor networks.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BIDIMENSIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM THROUGH SUCCESSIVE MONITORING FOR OBSTACLES IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT The next project is a two-dimensional positioning system of a vehicle. It is based on the usage of infrared sensors to detect and map the obstacles around it and thus to store in system memor y a map of the surrounding area. For this purpose, working with the variables angle and distance is needed and to acquire the required information from these , a number of infrared sensors which are above the vehicle are used, as well as the ability to rotate them to face different directions. All variables must be processed in the control system which will be managed by a microcontroller, because of its great capacity to manage these information besides having the control system memor y.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING AN INTELLIGENT BLUETOOTH ENABLED ROBOT CAR

ABSTRACT In this paper, a designing process and implementation details of an intelligent Bluetooth-enabled robot car are described. The robot car is wirelessly remote controlled via Bluetooth. In addition, a comparative analysis of the different kinds of sensors, which are useful in robot cars, is provided. Moreover, a review of the wireless robot car remote controlling systems is provided.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF THE TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM OF SOLAR CELL LAMINATION MACHINE

ABSTRACT The te mperature control is the ke y step in the lamin ating process of solar cell lamination mach ine. The trad ition al controlling meth od is PLC temperature contro l. The method being used h as so me shortages su ch as high price, lo w control precision , and so on . In order to improve the control precision an d its perfor mance price ratio, a new contro l system taking the double micro controller (MCU) as its core is introduced in th is paper. Based upon the system, the expert PID was designed to adju st the requirements of the temperature control. The method can ad just the te mperature parameters and estab lish an accurate laminating temperature under the con dition of ch anging temperature and different control targets. The practical operation results show that the contro ller has a better robustness and a higher contro l precision. In add ition , it can adapt to an external chang ing condition, and has a strong anti-jamming capability.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AUTONOMOUS AGRICULTURAL ROBOT AND ITS ROW GUIDANCE

ABSTRACT A vision-based row guidance method is presented to guide a robot platform which is designed independently to drive through the row crops in a field according to the design concept of open architecture. Then, the offset and heading angle of the robot platform are detected in real time to guide the platform on the basis of recognition of a crop row using machine vision. And the control scheme of the platform is proposed to carry out row guid ance. Finally, the preliminar y experiments of row guidance were implemented in a vegetable field. Experimental results show that algorithms of ro w identification and row guidance are effective according to the parameters measured and analyzed such as the heading angle and the offset for row guidance and the difference between the motion trajectory of the robot and the expected trajectory. And the accuracy of row guidance is up to 35mm, which means that the robot can move with a sufficiently h igh accuracy.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ZIGBEE-BASED BODY SENSOR NETWORK SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Trad ition ally the medical monitoring used in ho spital brought a lot in convenience because of the co mp lex wires between patients and equip ments. In order to so lve these problems, a hu man health wireless monitor ing syste m b ased on Zigbee wireless co mmun ications is proposed. The system propo ses multiple wireless ph ysio logical sensors to for m a expandable wireless sensor network system arch itecture. Then the structure of the system used in wireless sensor nodes is in troduced and the purpose is to collect the patients ph ysio logical in for mation , such as pulse, temperature, b asically realize remote med ical monitoring for patients. This system can not only realize accurate measurement of ind icators, but also save the patients tr avel between ho me and the hosp ital
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR REMOTE SPO2 MONITOR
ABSTRACT A wireless sensor network wh ich consists of Sp O2 sensor devices, a r outer, and Personal Area Network (PAN) coordin ators was proposed in th is p aper. These devices of the networ k are all developed on ZigBee module wh ich con sists of a MCU (MSP430F1611) and a ZigBee chip (CC2320). The sensor devices measure the SpO2 data fro m patients and tran smit it to the router. The router schedule a sending time for each associated device and use hierarch ical routing to for ward d ata to a specific device. The PAN coordin ator extracts the received packages and passes them to the personal co mputer. A web-based management method is used to manage the ph ysio logical signals which can be displayed on the web page. The system can collect sensitive health infor mation re motely and has a good applied pro spect in remote health y hare field.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A MULTI-FUNCTION MEMS SENSOR FOR HEALTH AND USAGE MONITORING
ABSTRACT Health and usage monitor ing as a technique for online test, diagnosis or prognosis of structures and systems has evolved as a key technolog y for future critical systems. The technology, often referred to as HUMS is usually based around sensors that must be more reliable than the system or structure they are monitor ing. This paper proposes a fault tolerant sensor architecture and demonstrates the feasibility of realising this architecture through the design of a dual mode humidity/pressure MEMS sensor with an integrated temperature function. The sensor has a simple structure, good linearity and sensitivity, and the potential for implementation of built-in-self-test features. We also propose a re -configurable sensor network based on the multi-functional sensor concept that supports both nor mal operational and fail safe modes. The architecture has the potential to significantly increase system reliability and supports a reduction in the number of sensors required in future HUMS devices. The technique has potential in a wide range of applications, espe cially within wireless sensor networks.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF MINIATURIZED W IRELESS SENSOR MOTE AND ACTUATOR FOR BUILDING MONITORING AND CONTROL
ABSTRACT In this paper, a wireless sensor network mote hardware design and implementation are introduced for building deployment application. The core of the mote design is based on the 8 bit AVR microcontroller, Atmega1281 and 2.4 GHz wireless co mmun ication chip, CC2420. The module PCB fabrication is using the stackable technology providing powerful configuration capability. Three main layers of size 25 mm2 are structured to form the mote; these are RF, sensor and power layers. The sensors were selected carefully to meet both the building monitoring and design requirements. Beside the sensing capability, actuation and interfacing to external meters/sensors are provided to perform different management control and data recording tasks. Experiments show that the developed mote works effectively in giving stable data acqu isition and own s good co mmunication and power performance.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT SMS BASED REMOTE METERING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Au tomatic meter reading (AMR) is a state -of-the-art technology for reading electric, gas or water meter readings automatically fro m a remote place without an y hu man intervention. Remote metering promises fast and accurate billing system. In this paper, a technique for remotely reading electricity meter readings using short message service (SMS) has been illustrated. Existing global system for mob ile communications (GSM) networks have been used for sending and receiving SMS. A prototype of the system has been designed and developed for system exploration and experiment.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AUTONOMOUS LIGHT CONTROL BY WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORKS

ABSTRACT Recently, wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) have been widely discussed in man y applications. In this paper, we propose an autonomous light control system based on the feedback from light sensors carried by users. Our design focuses on meeting users' preferences and energy efficiency. Both whole and local lighting devices are considered. Users' preferences may depend on their activities and profiles and two requirement models are considered: binary satisfaction and continuous satisfaction models. For controlling who le lighting devices, two decision algorithms are proposed. For controlling local lighting devices, a surface -tracking scheme is proposed. Our solutions are autonomous because, as opposed to existing solutions, the y can d ynamically adapt to environment changes and do not need to track users' current locations. Simulations and prototyping results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our designs.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
COMBINED SCHEDULING OF ULTRASOUND AND GPS SIGNALS IN A WEARABLE ZIGBEE-BASED GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR THE BLIND
ABSTRACT We have designed and implemented a wearable ZigBee -based guidance system in which a main contro ller co llects ultrasound and GPS signals fro m sensors attached to sub contro llers and provides appropr iate direction s to a b lind person. The signals fro m the different sources need to be handled separately, wh ich reduces the effective sampling rate, and may imp act the quality o f the guid ance provided. To address this, we propo se a new scheduling sche me that in terleaves the two signals without collision, based on the on-line estimation o f signal hand ling times. Experimental results sho w that th is sche me increases a samp ling rate b y up to 71% co mpared with the simple scheme1.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING EMBEDDED SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Present Traffic Light Contr ollers (TLC) are base d on mic roc ontr oller a nd micr opr oces sor . These TLC ha ve lim itations becaus e it uses the pre -defined har dware, whic h is functioning acc or ding to the program that does not ha ve the flex ibility of m odifica tion on rea l time ba sis . Due to the fixe d time inte r vals of gree n, orange a nd re d signa ls the waiting time is more and car uses more fue l. To make traffic light c ontr olling more efficie nt, we ex ploit the emer ge nce of new tec hnique ca lled as " Inte llige nt traffic light c ontr oller" . This makes the use of Se ns or Ne tworks along with Em bedde d Tec hnology. The tim ings of Re d, Gree n lights at eac h cross ing of r oa d will be inte llige ntly dec ide d base d on the tota l traffic on all a dja cent roa ds . Thus , optimization of traffic light switc hing incr eases r oad c apac ity and traffic flow, and ca n pre ve nt traffic congestions. GSM ce ll phone interfa ce is also pr ovide d for users those who w is h to obtain the late st pos ition of traffic on conges te d r oa ds . This is a unique feature of this pr oject w hich is ver y useful to car dr ivers to take an alter nate route in case of c onges tion. The var ious performa nce eva luation cr iter ia are a vera ge waiting time , a vera ge dista nce tra ve le d by ve hicle s, switching fre que nc y of gre en light a t a junction, e ffic ie nt eme rge nc y mode operation a nd satisfa ctor y opera tion of SMS us ing GSM Mobile. The per formanc e of the Intelligent Tra ffic Light Contr olle r is c om pare d with the Fixe d Mode Traffic Light Contr oller . It is obser ve d that the pr opos ed Inte llige nt Traffic Light Contr oller is m ore e ffic ient tha n the conve ntional contr oller in re spec t of less waiting time , m ore dista nce tra ve le d by a vera ge ve hicle s and effic ie nt opera tion dur ing emer ge nc y mode and GSM interfac e. More over , the des igned s ys tem ha s sim ple architecture , fast res pons e tim e, user fr ie ndliness and sc ope for fur ther e xpa ns ion.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF THE MEASUREMENT NODE OF THE GRAIN QUANTITY MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON THE CAN-BUS
ABSTRACT To need the requirement of measuring the grain quantity in the barn, the pressure sensors are mounted on the ground and the wall of the barn, and the grain quantity can be calculated by using these measurement values. To realize the data transmitting reliability and real time, the design proposal of the measurement node of the CAN-bus b y using the chips of AT89C51 and the SJA1000 is put forward, and the design of software and the hardware of the node is given. To verify the effectivity and the reliability of the measurement node, some experiments are done, the results shown that, the measurement error is no more than 3% under the conspicuous level is equal to 0.05, the grain quantity can be measure by this system completely.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGNING SWITCHING SYSTEM FOR AC POWERED APPLIANCES USING MICROCONTROLLER

ABSTRACT This p aper descr ibes the first phase o f the development pro cess of th is project. There are two phases involve in this research wor k. In the first phase, PROTUES simulation tools were used to design, stud y and an alyze the proposed research work. Resu lts fro m the simulation will be use as reference to re -design and develop the real-time h ardware-based syste m. In the second phase, the hardware will be developed based on the stud y and an alysis carr ied out in the first phase. The developed hard ware will be integrated to a stand-alone source powered via photovoltaic technolog y. This will be an added advantage to this system because it will be able to operate without having to co nnect to the electrical network system. Furthermore, the system is integrated to light dependent resistance and negative te mperature coefficient sensors to au to matically operate the system based on the sensors ch aracteristics.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
INTELLIGENT MONITORING AND OVERHEATING PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR MOTOR

ABSTRACT To reduce the damage number and equipment the failure rate of motor, improve the reliability of motor operation, an intelligent motors monitoring protection system has been developed. C8051F020 single chip used to collect reliable electric current and temperature parameters, current of motor overload, overrun, leakage, unbalanced, and none of the electrical and environmental temperature for three -phase were measured and calculated, intelligent determine a variety of work the possibility of failure and timely rule out, implementation of lack phase, over-current, under current, under voltage protection for the motor. Software is utilizing differential filtering to improve full wave Fourier algorithm and effectively restraining decaying DC co mponent. Thermal model of low voltage motor is also established and it has solved the overheating protection problem of low voltage motor on principle, and thus simplified the hardware design. Practical operation demonstrated that the system is stable and reliable work, easy to operate and function to meet the requirements of the scene.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
EFFECTIVE REMOTE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MOTORS USING GSM TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT The function of a motor protection relay (MPR) is to protect three phase induction motors and additionally to co mmunicate this data to the system contro l and data acquisition (SCADA) in a control room. In the case of remote sites e.g. a pump station, the protection relays are used as standalone units. If a trip occurs or settings need to be changed a te chnician has to visit the remote site and address the problem. The ideal cost and time effective solution is to remotely perform these tasks via a reliable wireless network. A stud y was conducted to ascertain the viability of using the standard GSM cellular networks in South Africa to effectively control electric motors and to co mmunicate with MPR's. It was shown th at a node controller could be used to store all the data from various electric motors at a single location .
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A RFID-BASED POW ER METER AND OUTAGE RECORDING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT Radio frequency identification (RFID) system is loo ked upon as one of the top ten important technologies in the 20th century. In the upcoming years, the public area applications are the ke y issue in developing RFID. Power system is innately bulky, wide -spreading, and is, definitely, an extremely important application area of RF ID. In the power area, the RFID can be implemented on apparatus management, procedure control, power consumption management and personnel access control. Add itionally, RFID can be applied extensively to customers. By integrating RFID into a power meter and outage recorder, the power consumption data and power reliability information of customers can be fully collected and recorded. This paper tries to design and implement a RFID-based power meter and outage recording system. The microcontroller of Microchip dsPIC30F series is used to develop a small-scale power meter and outage recorder. The proposed RFID system is then embedded into the power meter and records the power data in tag. Due to the uniqueness of RFID tag, the power consumption data and outage information of customers can all be recorded and then be identified in the rear-end processing system. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
GPS-GSM INTEGRATION FOR ENHANCING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SERVICES

ABSTRACT
This pa per proposes a nd im plements a s olution for enha nc ing public trans porta tion ma na gement ser vices base d on GPS and GSM in Punjab pr ovince of Pak istan. The s ys tem cons ists of four modules : BUS Station Module , In-BUS Module , BASE Sta tion Module a nd BUS Stop Module . Equippe d with PC a nd GSM m odem , BUS Station Module s ends the initia liza tion informa tion c onta ining the bus num ber and lice nse plate num ber to In-BUS Module a nd BASE Station Module us ing SMS. The m icr oc ontr oller base d In-BUS Module cons isting ma inly of a GPS receiver and GSM modem the n starts transmitting its loca tion a nd num ber of passe ngers to BASE Station Module. BASE Station Module e quippe d with a microc ontr oller unit a nd GSM modems interfa ced to PCs is des igne d to keep track rec ord of e ver y bus , pr ocesses user re quest a bout a par tic ular bus loca tion out of BUS Station a nd updates buses location on bus stops . BUS Stop Module is insta lled a t e ver y bus stop a nd c onsis ts of a GSM m ode m, memor y unit a nd dot ma trix displa y a ll inter face d to a m icr oc ontroller . This module rece ives buses loca tion information c oming towar ds that s top from BASE Sta tion module and dis pla ys the informa tion on a dot matr ix displa y. A per s top s tatistica l analys is is carr ie d out base d on the num ber of passe ngers a nd a rec omme ndation re por t a long w ith this ana lys is is sent to Punjab Gover nme nt Tra ns porta tion De par tment to ha ve a c heck on the performa nce a nd ser vices offere d by tra ns porters to c omm on pe ople . The res ults ha ve s how n that the de velope d s ystem is use ful for fac ilitating pe ople using public tr ans porta tion ser vices .
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING LOCATION BASED PATH FINDING ON INDIAN ROAD NETW ORKS OVER LOW END MOBILE PHONES
ABSTRACT A non-intrusive position-sensing technology is critical to the success of location-aware services over mobile phones and PDAs. No single positioning technology can meet the localization requirements across the range of location-aware or location based services. However, for man y value added services, it is possib le to use locations approximations with in certain tolerable thresholds. This paper, in particular, examines how GSM infrastructure can be leveraged for localization of lo w cost mob ile phones with adequate approximations to meet the requirements of certain location aware services especially in countr ies like India. The feasibility of the approach is demon strated by pathfinder service (prototype of a location-aware road navigation utility) for Indian cities where road network is very ill structured co mpared to those in American or European cities. It provides text based driving instructions to a destination when a mobile phone user sends a query via SMS. We also looked at the theoretical issues arising out of optimal shortest path co mputation over semi-structured road networks and propose a new algorithm for the same.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINE CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the major fun ction units of an au to matic F/F /S packag ing machine including bag for ming, material filling, sealing temperature control, status disp lay, fault detection an d alar m etc. ATmega18 microcontro ller is used as the central manager to coord inate the ind ividual contro l function modules. AC motor is used to fulfill the film drawing in both fixed length mode and co lour tag tracing mode. Un der the same precision control, it costs much less than u sing servo or stepper motor. This contro ller h as the advantage of easy in stallation and maintenance co mpare to the nor mal implementation with a co mp lex interface circuit
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF AN AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINE CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the major function units of an automatic F/F/S packag ing machine including bag forming , material filling, sealing temperature control, status display, fault detection and alarm etc. ATmega18 microcontroller is used as the central manager to coordinate the individual control function modules. AC motor is used to fulfill the film drawing in both fixed length mode and colour tag tracing mode. Under the same precision control, it costs much less than using servo or stepper motor. This controller has the advantage of easy installation and maintenance compare to the normal implementation with a co mplex interface circuit
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR OVER-THE-AIR REPROGRAMMING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

ABSTRACT New hardware platform architecture for over-the-air reprogramming in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is presented in this article. The suggested approach is based on the usage of microcontroller RAM memor y for running the program while the program memor y is being changed. Implementation of suggested solution does not require any additional co mponents and is applicable to a wide range of microcontrollers in new designs or provide possibility to add over the-air reprogramming feature to existing applications without necessity of making hardware changes. The presented approach allows a lowering of the power consumption of the nodes and time for node reprogramming comparing with other reported solutions. Su mmar y of our experiences in practical implementation using Texas Instru ments (TI) EZ430-RF2500 and CC2430DK development boards and discussion about so me key features of suggested over-the-air reprogramming method are included.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL

ABSTRACT Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless technology that utilizes radio co mmunication to identify ob jects with a unique electrical identity. The widespread deployment of RFID technologies may generate new threats to security and user privacy. One of the main drawbacks of RFID technology is the weak authentication systems between a reader and a tag. In general, weak authentication systems that either leak the password directly over the network or leak sufficient information while performing authentication allow intruders to deduce or guess the password. In this paper, we study the RFID tag-reader mutual authentication scheme. A hardware implementation of the mutual authentication protocol for the RFID system is proposed. The proposed system was simulated using Modelsim XE II and synthesized using Xilinx synthesis technology. The syste m has been successfully imp lemented in hardware using an Altera DE2 bo ard that in cluded an Altera Cyclone II fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA). Finally, the output waveforms from the FPGA were displayed on the 16702A logic analysis system for real-time verification
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NCCT
Pro mise for the Best Pro jects ABSTRACT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
HEAD MOTION CONTROLLED POWER WHEELCHAIR
Quadriplegics rely on power wheelchairs for mobility, but the hands-free controller systems currently availab le are obtrusive and expensive. The objective of this project was to design a power wheelchair with a novel control system for quadrip legics with head and neck mobility. The control system translates the position of the user's head into speed and directional control of the wheelchair. Head movement was measured using camera-based motiontracking of an infrared LED array on the back of the user's head. The control system included a standb y mode that was activated by pressing the head back against the he adrest, which activated the braking system while deactivating the drive train, allowing for manual control of the wheelchair via a rear support system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FUZZY LOGIC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL WITH REAL-TIME INTERFACE USING AN 8-BIT EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
ABSTRACT Fuzzy specific hardware systems, or the adaptation o f standard embedded controllers, are the common approaches for real-time fuzzy logic imp lementation. High speed applications may require the more sophisticated hardware, but most embedded control applications do not h ave the high speed processing requirements that necessitate the cost prohibitive enhanced hardware. A review of embedded control fuzzy log ic applications indicates a preference for 16-bit architectures; devoting significant proce ssing resources for fuzzification, rule application, and defuzzification. While faithful to the foundations of fuzzy logic control, processor demand can limit a contro ller's ability to handle peripheral I/O interfaces. This p aper describes a generic, hybrid approach su itable for unenhanced 8-bit microcontrollers and adaptable to most single input, single output systems. A motor speed application with real-time I/O interface provides proof of concept performance data and highlights limitations.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FINGERPRINT BASED IDENTITY AUTHENTICATION FOR ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Online Examin ation System is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. The novel online examination system based on Browser/Server framework which carries out the examination and auto-grading for objective questions and operating questions has been successfully applied to the distance evaluation of basic operating skills of co mputer science. But most system still use username/password mode to identify the candidates. In this article, we describe a fingerprint based technology to identity authentication instead of the traditional username/password methods. A fingerprint identify/classify application and a load balance service are implemented on the examination server cooperated with the online examination system to acco mplish authentication. The interfaces between the examination system and the identity authentication application can use code embed methods or SDK invoking methods to adapt different fingerprint sensors. The identity authentication works well in the Internet/intranet online examination systems.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ENERGY HARVESTING FROM VIBRATION WITH ALTERNATE SCAVENGING CIRCUITRY AND TAPERED CANTILEVER BEAM
ABSTRACT Piezoelectric transducers are increasingly being used to harvest energy from environmental vibrations in order to either power remote sensors or charge batteries that power the sensors. In this paper, a new voltage compensation scheme for high-voltage-based (> 100 V) energy harvesting is introduced, and its fundamental concepts, as well as the operation details, are elaborated. This scheme, when applied to the voltage inversion method [syn chronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI)], provides an increase of over 14% in harvested power when compared to the parallel inversion method (parallel SSHI) alone and more than 50% in the case of series inversion method (series SSHI). Second, tapered cantilever beams were shown to be more effective in generating a uniform strain profile over rectangular and trapezoidal beams if they are precisely shaped, resulting in a significant increase in harvested power over available methods in the literature from laborator y experimental tests. In addition, a simplified method to design such a beam is introduced. Finally, a field test of the proposed tapered beam is conducted by using a dozer for earth-moving applications, and experimental results are discussed.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF A GSM BASED VEHICLE THEFT CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Thi s paper deal s with the de sign & development of a theft control system for an automobile, which i s being use d to prevent/ control the theft of a vehicle. The developed system make s use of an embedded system ba sed on GSM technology. The de signed & developed system i s installed in the vehicle. An interfacing m obile i s al so connected to the microcontroller, which i s in turn, connected to the engine. Once, the vehi cle i s being stolen, the informa tion i s being used by the vehi cle owner for further proce ssing. The informati on i s pa sse d onto the central proce ssing i nsurance system, where by si tti ng at a remote place, a particular num ber i s dialed by them to the interfacing mobile that i s wi th the hardware ki t whi ch i s installed in the vehi cle. By reading the si gnal s re ceived by the mobile, one can control the igni tion of the engine; sa y to lock i t or to stop the engine immediately. Again i t will come to the normal condi tion only a fter enteri ng a secured pa ssword. The owner of the vehicle & the central proce ssing system will know thi s se cured pa ssw ord. The main concept in thi s de sign i s introduci ng the mobile communi cati ons into the embedded system. The de signed uni t i s ve ry simple & low cost. The enti re de signed uni t i s on a single chi p. When the vehi cle i s stolen, owner of vehicle may i nform to the central proce ssing system, then they will stop the vehi cle by just giving a ring to that secret num ber and with the help of SIM tracking know s the locati on of vehicle and i nform s to the local police or stops it from further movement.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FABRICATION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED MULTIPURPOSE MEASURING SYSTEM W ITH INBUILT DATA ACQUISITION
ABSTRACT
The designed measuring system is a lo w cost, flexible, portable Holter wh ich can be used for long time Continuou s Monitoring . Here in this paper, the designe d system is implemented for impedance measurement and is based upon the pr inciple that when the fixed input current is fed to the cross section of object, correspondin g output voltage can be obtained which further leads to determine the conductivity of the region of that object. These measured impedance changes are especially utilized in bio medical field viz Electrical Impedance To mograph y, Respirator y me asurement, Brain Activity an alysis, Pneumograph y etc. Further data acqu isition so ftware is also developed in VB to capture data points in PC. The designed system is tested on variou s conducting models under different current patterns and frequency. The observed values are found suitable according to the experiment
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
HEAVY EXPLOSIVE REMOVING ROBOT CONTROL TECHNIQUE RESEARCH

ABSTRACT Explosive removing robot is a kind of unmanned equipment to dispose dangerous explosive instead people. It is very important because there are man y explosives threaten the security of the world. This paper introduces research work of a heavy explosive removing robot, 450Kg, lift weight is 50Kg. Main technique include: machiner y, electronic, sensor, navigation, motor, computer control communication, remote control, storage batter, etc. Explosive removing robot has move ability and search function and grasp function. It can remove explosive to appoint point when people is in safe place. Explosive removing robot cross ability is strong, press force to ground is small, it is suitable to sand, grass, soft ground. It can adapt varies terrain. Explosive removing robot is water-proof, sandproof, and vibrate -proof. Adapt lo w temperature and high temperature. It has a 7 joints long arm to catch explosive. It is easy to control catch work. It can catch object in puddle, under car, in explosion-proof tube, etc. Grasp force is controlled. Main camera is h igh, suitable to search explosive on unknown field. 5 Cameras ensure search and catch work is easy. It has monitor system to protect robot. It has alar m, auto-stop, and remote control restart functions. If battery is exhaust, a new battery can be instead easily. This heavy explosive removing robot is advantage and reliability. This robot can rescue people before explosive.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
INFOPODS: ZIGBEE-BASED REMOTE INFORMATION MONITORING DEVICES FOR SMART-HOMES

ABSTRACT Recent developments in ad -hoc wireless networks, single -chip embedded syste ms and the wide -spread availability of Internet in ho mes has made it po ssib le to remo tely monitor status o f external data sour ces and ho me appliances using small, independent wireless devices. This paper presents an open-architecture and an imp lementation of su ch a system called the Infopod s System. Th is arch itecture is based on a Zigbee -based controller. The architecture allows multiple family members to simultaneously monitor their ho me appliances as well as external Internet resources u sing cheap, stand-alone hand-held mob ile wireless devices. The propo sed ar chitecture can be easily integrated with existing smart-ho me systems. The architecture is implemented and demon strated in the context of an existing Java-based smarthome ar chitecture.1
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND BUILT OF ON - LOAD FULLY ELECTRONIC TAP-CHANGER WITH TRIAC SWITCH: SIMULATION AND PRACTICAL RESULTS
ABSTRACT This p aper, in troduces a new solid-state on load Tap-changer th at has four steps. One of the main requirements of an y electrical system is that it shou ld provide a voltage to the consu mer which remains within closely defined limits regardless of the loading on the system. Ind ustrial equipment such as speed drives, electronic and control systems are sensitive to voltage variatio n and affected b y bad power qu ality an d poor p ower factor . Voltage dips can cau se shutdown of p lants or result in damage of devices. By using of electronic tap -changer, most of the voltage dip s can be avoided and lead to good p ower qu ality and thus, result in go od operation of equip ment. The prototype was built with tr iac switches as the switching devices and A VR microcontro ller as the contro l circu it. In this wor k a fully electronic tap changer with four taps for 2 KV A, 220/1200V sing le phase tran sfor mer is designed and built. Also so me of prob lems th at cau sed to limitation o f electronic tap ch anger application at h igh po wer and voltage syste m and technical so lution ways for theses prob lems are described. The discrete cycle modulation (DCM) has been used in this tap ch anger.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOR HOME CARE APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT App lied biotelemetry is of growing importance in today's world. Specificity of biotelemetric data put special requirements on real biotelemetric system. This article describes some of conclusions acquired in development of real biotelemetric system using off the shelf embedded hardware technology, namely ARM microcontrollers, FRAM memor y and dedicated ZigBee chipsets. Described biotelemetric system is partitioned into logical parts that communicate using custo m data protocols. Devices participating in biotelemetric system use Zig Bee and Ethernet networks as underlying structure for data co mmunication.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF RFID LABEL FOR STEEL COIL

ABSTRACT Although RF identification (RFID) technolog y has had a remarkable imp act on various industr ies in recent years, designin g RFID tags for metallic ob jects with satisfactor y perfor mance is still a ch allenge. So far , on ly few success stories h ave been reported in the steel indu str y. This p aper presents the design and develop ment of RF ID labels for steel coils. In order to achieve auto matic inventor y d uring the product-deliver y process, a novel antenna structure based on the prin cip le of a monopole antenna h as been designed, and the performance has been verified through measurements. In order to minimize the imple mentation cost added to the product line, the RF ID tag is embedded into a barcode label with special perforation s. A site test demon strates th at the developed tag has excellent performance, enabling au to matic inventor y using fixed readers.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
INFANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON RFID AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

ABSTRACT Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been widely accepted in hospitals to track and locate newborn babies. This paper proposes a Web-based management system based on RF ID tagging system in neonatal department. The centralized database system improved infant care and safety, reduced systems and human-b ased errors and enabled fast sharing of medical information with the clin ical staff and families. Besides the system architecture and functions are described, the technologies employed in the development are briefly introduced too.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
GSM BASED ECG TELE-ALERT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Cardiac arrest is quoted as the major contributor to sudden and unexpected death rate in the modern stress filled lifestyle around the globe. A system that warns the person about the onset of the disease earlier automatically will be a boon to the society. This is achievable by deploying advances in wireless technology to the existing patient monitoring system. This paper proposes the development of a module that provides mobility to the doctor and the patient, by adopting a simp le and popular technique, detecting the abnormalities in the bio signal of the patient in advance and sending an alert sms to the doctor through Global system for Mobile(GSM) thereby taking suitable precautionary measures thus reducing the critical level of the patient.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
GROUP ELEVATOR SCHEDULING WITH ADVANCE INFORMATION FOR NORMAL AND EMERGENCY MODES
ABSTRACT Group elevator scheduling has long been recognized as an important problem for building tran sportation efficiency, since unsatisfactor y elevator service is one of the major complaints of building tenants. It now has a new significance driven by home)" land security concerns. The problem, however, is difficult because of complicated elevator dynamics, uncertain traffic in various patterns, and the combinator ial n ature of discrete optimization . With the advent of technologies, one important trend is to use advance information collected from devices such as destination entry, radio frequency identification, and sensor networks to reduce uncertainties and improve efficiency. How to effectively utilize such information remains an open and challenging issue. This paper presents the optimized scheduling of a group of elevators with destination entry and future traffic infor mation for normal operations and coordinated emergency evacuation. Key problem characteristics are abstracted to establish a two-level separable formulation. A deco mposition and coordination approach is then developed, where subproblems are solved by ordinal optimization-based local search, and top ranked nodes are selectively optimized b y using dynamic programming.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
The approach is then extended to handle up-peak with little or no future traffic information , elevator parking for low intensity traffic, and coordinated emergency evacuation. Numerical testing results demonstrate near-optimal solution quality, co mputation al efficiency, the value of future traffic information , and the potential of using elevators for emergency evacuation. Note to Practitioners-This paper studies group elevator scheduling with destination entry and future traffic information for normal operations, as well as for coordinated emerge ncy evacuation. By exploiting the separable problem structure, a two-level formulation is established capable of modeling advance information . An approach is then developed by incorporating several innovative ideas into a decomposition and coordination framework, aiming to ach ieve near-optimal performance. The approach has also been extended for cases with little or no future traffic information and coordinated emergency evacuation. Numerical testing results are encouraging and further improvement is needed to reduce CPU time for online imp lementation.
GROUP ELEVATOR SCHEDULING WITH ADVANCE INFORMATION FOR NORMAL AND EMERGENCY MODES
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERFACE BETW EEN VEHICLE BUS NETWORK AND ON-VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEM
ABSTRACT With more and more applications of on-vehicle information system, the connection between the information system and vehicle bus network is becoming a trend. The interface between the information system and vehicle bus is an important co mmunication path which contains all kinds of onvehicle information. A CAN/LIN-based interface between on-vehicle information system and vehicle bus is presented in this paper, and it can provide basis technology for future applications of on-vehicle information system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
IDENTIFYING OBJECTS USING RF TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS AND RETRIEVING DATA USING GSM
ABSTRACT To provide a system for monitoring and locating objects using Radio Frequency (RF) transmitters and receivers, and querying about the objects using mobile phones. An object represents a real world entity. This system is based on RF transmitters that are tagged to the objects of everyday use and have the capability of transmitting signals and a receiver that detects the transmission of the tagged object and stores its corresponding location in the database which is created specifically for infor mation maintenance of the tagged objects. Mobile phones are used to query the location of the tagged object by sending a message to the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) connected to a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem. This GSM modem fetches the location and other relevant information fro m the database and encapsulates this information into a message which is sent back to the mobile phone that has requested the information.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
HIGH-EFFICIENCY ZCS BUCK CONVERTER FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

ABSTRACT To obtain zero-current-switching (ZCS) operation, this paper develops a novel soft-switching approach for rechargeable batteries. By inserting an auxiliar y switch in series with a resonant capacitor, the proposed topology can obtain a novel ZCS buck dcdc battery charger and significantly decrease the switching losses in active power switches. The proposed ZCS dc-dc battery charger has a straightforward structure, low cost, easy control, and high efficiency. The operating principles and design procedure of the proposed charger are thoroughly analyzed. The optimal values of the resonant components are computed by applying the characteristic curve and electric functions derived from the circuit configuration. Finally, a prototype charger circuit designed for a 12-V 48-Ah lead acid battery is con structed and tested to confirm the theoretical predictions. The maximu m charg ing efficiency of the proposed topology during the overall charging period is 90.3 %. Satisfactor y performance is obtained from the experimental results.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
EFFICIENT MOVEMENT DETECTION FOR HUMAN ACTIONS USING TRIAXIAL ACCELEROMETER

ABSTRACT Real-time sampling with high speed using a triaxial accelerometer is the fundamental purpose of using consumer devices over allgesture operation. A well-designed fall-down detection system uses a triaxial accelerometer influenced on gravitation to calculate an included angle between surfaces and axis of accelerometer and the accelerometer is spread on fixed position and pose of bod y. A triaxial accelerometer is difficult to emplo y to detect fall-down without postural orientation under an undetermined body position. This work presents a novel fall detection system based on unrestricted position, called Fall-Down Detection based on Unrestricted Position (FDUP), to provide an unrestricted measure for solving the undetermined position problem. The FDUP system provides an algorith m for unrestricted fall detection, which includes thresholds for acceleration and angle variation. Five volunteers were invited to simulate fall-down over 400 times to collect statistics, and to build the fall-down acceleration threshold. An alytical results sho w the feasibility of implementing a fall-down detection mechanism based on undetermined position.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
INTELLIGENT PARALLEL PARKING OF A CAR-LIKE MOBILE ROBOT USING RFID TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to design and implement an intelligent control scheme for a car-like mobile robot that possesses an automatic parallel parking capability u sing Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technolog y. The present manuscript focuses on the navigation module of the overall parking system. Navigation using a few analogue features of an RFID system is a promising alternative to a variety of existing navigation techniques in the state of the art. The proposed approach exploits the ability of a mobile robot to navigate in an unstructured environment and park itself parallel to a wall using RFID tags and so me analogue features provided by the RFID system interfaced with the mobile robot. This paper describes how this is achieved by placing the RFID tags in unknown three dimensional positions on the wall within the workspace. A nu mber of computer simu lations are carried out to manifest the distinguished features of the proposed technique.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
EMBEDDED PROGRAMMABLE WEB-BASED ECG MONITORING & DETECTION SYSTEM USING A FAST ALGORITHM
ABSTRACT This paper presents the design of a complete portable package for a low cost embedded programmable ECG measurement and monitoring syste m imp lemented b y a fast algorith m in detecting ECG characteristics points. This proposed system is expected to monitor the electrical activity of heart of the patient under cr itical care more conveniently and accurately for d iagnosing which can be interfaced with computer to bring it under a network system widely for the doctor to monitor the patients condition sitting in his o wn office without being ph ysically present near to the patients bed.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF AN OPTICALLY STEERED MODULATED LASER BEAM

ABSTRACT The main goal o f th is project is to develop and imp lement a prototype optical transmission system supporting po int-to -point co mmun ication link. A free space laser link and a p lastic fiber link have been designed and imp lemented in th is present work. Both links h ave been tested with two data source systems: PC as a host and PIC as a h ost b y asynchronous serial transmission. Sin ce an y serial d ata fro m either host is represented b y turning the laser bean on for a one and off for a zero, visible red laser d iode is the heart of th is project. Just up to the maximu m speed of serial port that can be offered, 115200 bps, has been tested and is reliab le at d istan ces of 30 feet. As a result o f this work, wireless laser system was designed and can be used as a direct link between adjacent buildings whereas plastic fiber lin k in short range co mmunication network ar chitecture without EM I, imp ossible d irect interception and the tran smission can be detected b y no instru ment. An y infor mation in all types o f files and an y images can su ccessfully transfer b y Hyper Termin al and self-developed so ftware through those links .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HOLONOMIC MOTION ROBOT USING DTMF CONTROL TONES
ABSTRACT In this paper, a holono mic motion robot is proposed that can move in an y d irection on a plain surface which can be controlled by using a GSM or CDMA mobile phone where the medium of commun ication is DTMF tones. The paper is about the holonomic motion robot that can revolutionize the transport system of the robots and the way we operate it by a small embedded system device. The robot is an Omni-directional robot which can be manoeuvred by a cell phone and can be used as a compact, quiet, mob ile, and durable transport vehicle in cramped environments and in loading and unloading stations which is the main intention of the paper. The main focus was laid on the type of movement the robot makes on the spot and its control using a cell phone.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FULL-W AVE-BASED LOCATION SYSTEM METHOD EVALUATION

ABSTRACT Evaluation of received sign al strength (RSS)- based indoor lo cation system is presented. The proposed method starts fro m the fie ld amplitude decay law in freespace cond itio ns, bu t also taking into account the near-field terms for those cases where the d istan ce between tran smitter and receiver does not meet far-field co nditions. The propo sed method is tested in a real indoor scenario, being the field level measured at different positions. The recorded field data are u sed to evaluate the method accuracy when determin ing the position of the RF transmitter. Practical considerations o f a lo cation system imp lementation using a Zig Bee-based sensor network are fin ally d iscu ssed
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MULTIFUNCTIONAL INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS PARKING CONTROLLERS FOR CARLIKE MOBILE ROBOTS

ABSTRACT An increasing nu mber of car like mobile robot (CLMR) studies have addressed the issues of autonomous parking and obstacle avoidance. An autono mous parking controller can provide convenience to a novice driver. However, if the controller is not designed adequately, it may endanger the car and the driver. Therefore, this paper presents a novel multifunctional intelligent autonomous p arking controller that is capab le of effectively parking the CLMR in an appropriate parking space, by integrating sensor data capable of obtaining the surrounding data of the robot. An ultrasonic sensor array system has been developed with groupsensor firing intervals. A binaural approach to the CLMR has been adopted for providing complete contactless sensory coverage of the entire workspace. The proposed heuristic controller can obtain the posture of a mobile robot in a parking space . In addition, the controller can ensure the ability of the CLMR to withstand collision to guarantee safe parking. Moreover, the CLMR can recognize the parking space and the obstacle position in dynamic environment. Therefore, the proposed controller installed in a car could ensure safe driving. Finally, practical experiments demonstrate that the proposed multifunctional intelligent autonomous parking controllers are feasible and effective.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
JOINT-ANGLE MEASUREMENT USING ACCELEROMETERS AND GYROSCOPESA SURVEY

ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of rigid-bod y jo int-angle measurement based on microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) biaxial accelerometers and uniaxial gyroscopes. In comparison to conventional magnetic and optical joint angular sensors, this new inertial sensing principle has the advantages of flexible installation and true contactless sensing. This paper focuses on the comparison of four d ifferent inertialsensor combination methods that are reported in reference papers and utilizes the theory of rigid-bod y kinematics to explain and analyze their advantages and weaknesses. Experiments have also been conducted to further verify and strengthen the arguments put forward in the analysis. All experiments in this paper took place on a custo m-built rigidbody robot ar m model that can be manipulated b y hand. Sensor calibration and accelerometer alignment issues are also described, and their details are discussed. The experiment results presented in this paper show sign ificant differences with re ference to the achieved angular accuracy for various situations when using the four different sensor combination methods. In some cases, the angular error based on one method is more than 0.04 rad, while that from another method is within 0.005 rad. The noise levels of angular readings from different methods are also experimentally co mpared and analyzed. The conclusion drawn serves to guide readers toward a suitable method for their particular application .
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LOCATION-AW ARE FALL DETECTION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL CARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
ABSTRACT Falls are one of the most co mmon adverse events in hosp itals and fall management remains a major ch allenge in the medical care quality. Falls in patients are associated with major health co mplications th at can result in health decline and increased medical care co st. To deliver medical care in time, reliable location -aware fall detection is needed. In this p aper, we propose a patient alert alar m for fall management. It is Zig Bee-Based lo cation awareness fall detection system that provides immediate position infor mation to the caregivers as soon as the fall happened. Obviou sly, the integration of location awareness and fall detection technolog ies fulfills the requirements o f delivering cr itical in for mation to relative professions and improve the medical care quality.
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MECHANICAL DESIGN AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF A MINIATURE SURVEILLANCE ROBOT

ABSTRACT Secret surveillance in tightly constrained spaces is demanded in man y militar y and civilian activities, such as cave-in enemy raids and indoor hostage rescue missions. These special applications require a kind of miniature mobile robot to function covertly in highly confined environments. However, the crucial problem resulted from the small volume of miniature robots is the difficulty of packing loco motion, sensing, computing and power subsystems into constrained space. This paper presents the mechanical design, the control system and the control arithmetic of a miniature autonomous surveillance robot (ldquoBMS-1rdquo) for indoor reconnaissance tasks. Several experiments showed that BMS-1 was useful for covert surveillance in confined spaces and can carry out reconnaissance missions on its own or b y teleoperation.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE MONITOR IN SUBSTATION WITH ZIGBEE CONNECTIVITY

ABSTRACT Monitor substation equipment temperature is one of the most important factors for power systems to ensure safe transmission of electricity. Traditional methods for monitoring the substation temperature shows man y disadvantages such as low accuracy, heavy workload, lack of real-time, etc. Therefore, a low cost, high accuracy and automatic method is needed for power system. This paper presents a temperature monitor system for substation with ZigBee connectivity. Node hardware, network protocol and software on PC were presented. Finally, the implementation performance shows the sensor nodes have an automatic, small size, low power consumption, and network stability.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
THE INTEGRATED UNIT FOR MEMS BASED PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

ABSTRACT The article deals with a custo m based integrated measurement unit (IMU), which serves as processing device for MEMS based pressure measurement. The IMU consists of the three elementar stages, measurement stage, processing stage and communication stage. The y are implemented on the one single board. The measurement block has 16-bit resolution with 64 provided measurement ranges to satisfy appropriate accuracy. The power supply is 5 V, which allo ws to measure current with 238 nA step within 1 mA measurement range. The communication stage is based upon 12C standard.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS IN GREENHOUSE

ABSTRACT According to the environmental parameters monitoring requirements in greenhouse, a wireless measurement and control system for temperature and humidity is developed. It overcomes the disadvantages of wired monitoring system, such as complicated wiring, and difficult maintenance. The environmental parameters in every greenhouse were measured and controlled b y microcontroller. The hardware and software of the monitoring syste m are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the developed monitoring system has the following features, such as simple structure, high reliability, good extensibility and flexible configuration. It can control and adjust auto matically the environmental parameters in every greenhouse, and has project practicality and vendibility.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ZIGBEE-BASED VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Vehicle access control system is an important sub-system of the intelligentized residence section. Today, in a growing emphasis on personal and property safety, the control of vehicles' access authorization and the management of the vehicles' acce ss authority, access time and access method via computer, is safe and convenient. This paper describes a set of vehicle access control system based on ZigBee wireless technology. In this system, Zig Bee coordinator and its terminal nodes installed respectively in the entrance of the district and the vehicles, together form a ZigBee wireless sensor network. This paper mainly introduces the overall structure, hardware platform and so ftware design of this system. The imp lementation and performance tests of this system are fairly good.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ZIGBEE BASED INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINERS

ABSTRACT A cost effective Zig Bee -based wireless mine supervising system is presented in this article. This sche me used intelligent helmets as voice terminal and u ltralo w-power nodes of wireless sensor network. The progr amme adopted ZigBee wireless technolog y to bu ild wireless sensor networks, realized real-time surveillance with early-warnin g intelligence on methane,temperature, hu midity in min ing area, and used spe ech co mmunication to reduce p otential safety proble ms in co al production
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SELF-SUSTAINING CONTROL OF TW O-W HEEL MOBILE MANIPULATOR USING SLIDING MODE CONTROL
ABSTRACT Two wheel mobile man ipulator h as the po tential to beco me mu ltiskilled robo t in the field of robotics engineering and it is alread y imp lemented b y using inverted pendulu m contro l. Centre of gravity position is contro lled to ach ieve the balancin g of robot. Due to the unbalanced n ature and the non holono mic property of the twowheel mo bile man ipulator, balancing is ch allenging task. On the other hand sliding mode contro l is a good cand idate to address the nonlinear/un der actuated system. This p aper presents the co ntrol methods for balancing of twowheel mob ile manipulator. Th is paper propo ses a novel second order sliding mode contro ller using twisting algor ith m, disturban ce observer and d ynamics of doub le inverted pendulu m. Dynamics of do uble inverted pendulu m is u sed to design the con trol equation of sliding mode controller. Twist ing algorith m is u sed to design the contro l input. Disturbance observer is co mpensated model uncertainties and external disturban ces. Posture of two wheel mob ile manipu lator can su ccessfully stab ilized b y this novel con troller
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER BASED LOW COST CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS TRAINING MODULE FOR POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
ABSTRACT The jun ior level Power Electronics Lab is an impor tant component of Electrical Engineering curricu lu m at Un iversity of The Pun jab, Lahore. It serves to familiarize the students with the design simulation and analysis of p ower electronic converters. In th is paper, design and imp lementatio n of a lo w cost Microcontro ller b ased con trolled rectifier tr ain ing mo dule for single-phase system to be utilized in Po wer Electronics Lab is presented. The module co mpr ises of various un its. The first unit is zero crossing detector followed b y the pulse sh iftin g u nit, pu lse shaping un it, pu lse isolation un it, th yr istor unit, diode unit, load unit, current sense unit, voltage sense unit and finally rp m sense un it. Var ious experiments are designed to stud y the d ifferent con figurations of the co ntrolled rectifiers. These configur ation s in clude half converter, semi converter, fu ll converter, dual converter, series semi converter and se ries fu ll converter. So me types of AC v oltage con trollers can also be studied. This system may readily be extended to stud y three phase -controlled rectifiers
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER BASED NEURAL NETWORK CONTROLLED LOW COST AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE

ABSTRACT In this paper, design of a lo w cost autono mou s vehicle based on neural networ k for navigation in unkno wn environments is presented. The vehicle is equipped with four ultrason ic sensors for hurdle distan ce measurement, a wheel encoder for measur ing distance traveled, a co mpass for heading infor mation, a GPS receiver for goal po sition infor mation, a GSM modem for chang ing destin ation place on ru n time and a nonvolatile RAM for storing waypo int d ata; all interfaced to a lo w cost AT89C52 microcontro ller. The microcontro ller processes the infor mation acq uired fro m the sensors and generates robo t motion co mmands accordingly through neural network. The neural networ k runnin g in side the microcontro ller is a mu ltip layer feed-forward network with b ackpropag ation training algor ith m. The network is trained offline with tangent-sig mo id as activation fun ction for neurons and is implemented in real time with piecewise linear appro ximation of tangent-sig moid function. Resu lts have sho wn that up to twenty neurons can be implemented in hidden layer with th is technique. The vehicle is tested with var ying destination p laces in outdoor environments co ntain ing stationar y as well as moving ob stacles and is found to reach the set targets su ccessfully.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SMART CHARGE CONTROLLER FOR STANDALONE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POW ER SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT This paper presents a cost efficient PV charge controller with the function to disconnect and reconnect battery and load during battery overcharging or under discharging. The proposed charge controller is equipped with LCD to disp lay the temperature, battery voltage and current flow through the battery. Output of these 3 inputs are used to obtain the accurate and efficient disconnecting/ reconnecting action which is capab le of protecting the battery and the load whereas LED indicator is featured to show the status of the systems. The source code for the PIC microcontroller is written in C code which is more user friendly than using assembly language. Furthermore, this smart charge controller is developed to reduce the current market price of charge controller to an affordable level. This project deals with the design of an intelligent charge controller using PIC microcontroller to control and coordinate the activity in charge controller.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
W IRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINE

ABSTRACT To avoid unexpected equip ment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagno stic an d progno stic for the health cond ition of a motor , efficient and co mprehensive data collecting, monitor ing, and con trol play an important role to improve the system more reliab le and effective. A n ovel wireless data collection for health monitoring system of electric machine b ased on wireless sensor network (ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and developed in th is p aper. The u nique characteristics of Zig Bee networks su ch as low power, lo w cost, and high flexibility make them ideal for this application. As the focus of th is paper, the h ardware design and imp lementation o f a mu ltip le nodes Zigbee based wireless sensor network are discussed. The co mmun ication pro tocol and software design for both wireless sensor network node and b ase station based on the CC2430 system on ch ip are presented in detail. Experimental results of the proposed wireless sensor network for its app licability to investigate different operatin g cond itions such as electrical faults and mechan ical fau lts are investigated and discussed.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS IMAGE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR FIRE-FIGHTING ROBOTS

ABSTRACT Recently, it has so metimes been impossible for fire -fighting personnel to access the site of a fire, even as the fire causes tremendous property damage and loss of human life, due to high temperatures or the presence of explosive materials. In such environments, fire -fighting robots can be useful for extinguishing a fire, and they should be controlled by remote operators. In order to help a remote operator who is located far away from the fire -fighting robot, wireless image commun ication systems have been investigated in this stud y. The developed system uses a High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) network to tran smit images, showing the view from a fire fighting robot. The fire-fighting robots and remote controllers are equipped with industrial co mputers, and image -transmitting and image -receiving programs function according to various protocols to allow communication between the robots and controllers.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS FINGERPRINT ATTENDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT Aiming at the disadvantages of trad itional wire attendance system, a design method of wireless fingerprint attendance system based on Zig Bee technology is proposed. The system includes terminal fingerprint acquisition module and attendance management module in co mputer. It can realize automatically su ch functions as infor mation acquisition of fingerprint, processing, wireless transmission, fingerprint matching, and attendance management. Considering the fact and topolog y of Zig Bee network, the system designs wireless local area network which is cluster tree network. To resolve the problem of time delay when the image is transmitted by ZigBee technology, the tradition al transmission mode is improved. The experiment results show the transmission time is saved over one third and transmission efficiency is improved greatly. It realized low-cost and high-performance wireless fingerprint attendance function, which provided a new wireless fingerprint attendance system for enterprises and institutions.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION DESIGN FOR HEALTH MONITORING AT NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
ABSTRACT Health monitoring is crucial for the survival of the ill and fragile infants ad mitted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a hospital. However, the adhesive electrodes and wires cause disco mfort to the patients and hamper the parent-child interaction. In this paper, we propose the application of wireless transmission technology for neonatal monitoring at NICU. To demonstrate the design concept, a prototype wireless transmission system is built using BlueSMiRF and Arduino pro mini. Software is developed for ensure the correct data transmission, detection and display. The system is designed to be suitable for integration into a noninvasive monitoring platfor m such as a smart neonatal jacket. Experimental results show that the prototype system successfully transmits and receives data from multip le sensors within the range of 20 m.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLED ECG SIMULATOR

ABSTRACT Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a signal desig ned to work as result of con traction of the heart muscle th at make up the electrical bio potentials, using bod y surface electrodes obtained b y obtaining are marked. The result of the heart losing health y working con ditions, disturban ces on frequency and amplitude of ECG sig nals recorded b y electrocardiograp h according to the healty ECG signal, occurs. The stud y performed, is a work to help education al prob lem in the fields o f F aculty of Medicine and Bio medical Engineering Education , and calibration o f ECG devices without a real heart. In this stud y, heart rh yth m disorders under the supervisio n of the microcontro ller designed a system th at may occur due to be d isplayed in a virtual environment analysis of all disease has been made with prepared simulator (virtual reality app lication ) to reduce medical errors and the spending time and co sting at the same time provide more effectively healty service with well-trained ph ysicians
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED TW O-AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT The main goal o f th is project is to develop and imp lement a prototype of two -axis solar tracking system based o n a PIC microcontro ller. The parabo lic reflector or p arabolic d ish is con structed around two feed diameter to capture the suns energy. The focu s of the p arabolic reflector is theoretically calculated down to an infin itesimally small point to get extremely high temperature. This two axis autotr acking system has also been con structed using PIC 16F84A micro controller. The asse mbly programming language is used to interface the PIC with two-axis so lar tracking system. The temperature at the focu s of the parabo lic reflector is measured with temperature probes. This auto-tracking system is controlled with two 12V, 6W DC gear box motors. The five light sensors (LDR) are u sed to track the sun and to start the operatio n (Day/Night operation). Time Delays are used for stepping the motor and reaching the original position o f the reflector. The two-axis solar tr acking system is constru cted with both hard ware and software imple mentations. The design s of the gear and the par abolic reflector are carefully con sidered and precisely calcu lated.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ENERGY HARVESTING FROM VIBRATION WITH ALTERNATE SCAVENGING CIRCUITRY AND TAPERED CANTILEVER BEAM
ABSTRACT Piezoelectric transducers are increasingly being used to harvest energy from environmental vibrations in order to either power remote sensors or charge batteries that power the sensors. In this paper, a new voltage compensation scheme for high-voltage-based (> 100 V) energy harvesting is introduced, and its fundamental concepts, as well as the operation details, are elaborated. This scheme, when applied to the voltage inversion method [syn chronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI)], provides an increase of over 14% in harvested power when compared to the parallel inversion method (parallel SSHI) alone and more than 50% in the case of series inversion method (series SSHI). Second, tapered cantilever beams were shown to be more effective in generating a uniform strain profile over rectangular and trapezoidal beams if they are precisely shaped, resulting in a significant increase in harvested power over available methods in the literature from laborator y experimental tests. In addition, a simplified method to design such a beam is introduced. Finally, a field test of the proposed tapered beam is conducted by using a dozer for earth-moving applications, and experimental results are discussed.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MOBILE GPRS-SENSORS ARRAY FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING

ABSTRACT An on line GPRS-Sensors Array for air pollution monitoring has been designed, implemented, and tested. The proposed system consists of a Mobile Data-Acquisition Unit (Mobile -DAQ) and a fixed Internet-Enabled Pollution Monitoring Server (Pollution-Server). The Mobile-DAQ unit integrates a single -chip microcontroller, air pollution sensors array, a General Packet Radio Service Modem (GPRS-Modem), and a Global Positioning System Module (GPSModule). The Pollution-Server is a high-end personal computer application server with Internet connectivity. The Mobile-DAQ unit gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2), and packs them in a frame with the GPS ph ysical lo cation, time, and d ate. The frame is subsequently up loaded to the GPRSModem and transmitted to the Pollution-Server via the public mobile network. A datab ase server is attached to the Pollution-Server for storing the pollutants level for further usage by various clients such as environment protection agencies, vehicles registration authorities, and tourist and insurance comp anies. The Pollution-Server is interfaced to Google Maps to display realtime pollutants levels and locations in large metropolitan areas. The system was successfully tested in the city of Sharjah , UAE. The system reports real-time pollutants level and their location on a 24-h/7-day basis.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR SUBSTATION MONITORING: DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT

ABSTRACT We present the design and performance of a wireless sensor network that is deployed in a substation for monitoring the health of power subsystems such as cir cuit breakers, transfor mers and transformer bushings. The sensor network consists of 45 low po wer nodes for temperature sensing and a high power node that is capable of performing more specialized co mputations. All nodes communicate over a multihop mesh network that uses a dynamic lin k-quality based routing protocol. The nodes are solar powered and are capable of operating autonomously for multiple years.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
OPEN W IRELESS SENSOR NETWORK TELEMETRY PLATFORM FOR MOBILE PHONES

ABSTRACT Mobile phones are an underutilized resource for connectin g lowpower wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to the internet. WSNs typically expend mo st of their battery p ower on data tran smission . Mobile phones carried b y the public cou ld enable a h ybr id approach where data makes a lo w-power short distance hop to phones in the vicin ity using Bluetooth or a similar short range proto col, then uses the phones long d istance connectivity to upload to the Internet. Because a large fraction of mob ile phones have Bluetooth shortdistan ce radio , th is paper describes lo w-cost h ardware for a generic WSN-to-Bluetooth g ateway and open-source software that allo ws a wide subset o f mob ile pho nes to down load and save WSN data.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MOBILE HUMAN AIRBAG SYSTEM FOR FALL PROTECTION USING MEMS SENSORS AND EMBEDDED SVM CLASSIFIER
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a mobile human airbag system designed for fall protection for the elderly. A Micro Inertial Measurement Unit ( muIMU) of 56 mm times 23 mm times 15 mm in size is built. This un it consists of three dimensional MEMS accelerometers, gyroscopes, a Bluetooth module and a Micro Controller Unit (MCU). It records human motion infor mation, and, through the analysis of falls using a high-speed camera, a lateral fall can be determined by gyro threshold. A hu man motion database that includes falls and other normal motions (walking, running, etc.) is set up. Using a support vector machine (SVM) training process, we can classify falls and other normal motions successfully with a SVM filter. Based on the SVM filter, an embedded digital signal processing (DSP) system is developed for real-time fall detection. In addition, a smart mechanical airbag deployment system is finalized. The response time for the mechanical trigger is 0.133 s, which allo ws enough time for compressed air to be released before a person falls to the ground. The integrated system is tested and the feasibility of the airbag system for real-time fall prote ction is demonstrated.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY BASED ON GSM

ABSTRACT It is very important that temperature and humid ity of environment is monitored for the High-quality environment the quality testing requires. Tradition al monitoring system has man y shortco mings, such as hard wiring, h igh transmission bit error rate, high costs and small coverage. This paper proposes a remote monitoring system of temperature and humidity b ased on GSM. Temperature sensor, humidity sensor and GSM communication technolog y are used in the system which performs data acquisition and tran smission , and implements remote monitoring. The system is advanced in some fields, such as low transmission b it error rate, low costs and wide range of signal coverage. This paper proposes a new way to imple ment a remote monitoring system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PDA-BASED MOBILE ROBOT SYSTEM WITH REMOTE MONITORING FOR HOME ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT This paper proposes a home automation system using a PDA(Personal Digital Assistants)-based intelligent robot system architecture which consists of three layers; a user layer, a manager layer, and an action layer. In the user layer, users man age and control the robot, and get visual information via the remote monitoring syste m. In the case of showing maps with the status of the robot, synchronization is very important. In the manager layer, there are three parts; a server part, a home appliances part, and a storage part. The server part manages all the status infor mation of the house, the home appliances part controls all app liances, and the storage system stores all the status information of the house. In the action layer, the main robot system uses a PDA instead of a computer. As a PDA has limited performance, simple algor ithms are required. It has an intelligent functional engine for SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) and vision processing. We have developed the PDA-b ased mobile robot system for ho me automation based on this architecture in order to verify its efficiency.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
POW ER-ACCURACY TRADEOFFS IN HUMAN ACTIVITY TRANSITION DETECTION
ABSTRACT
Wear able, mobile co mputing platfor ms are envisioned to be used in out -patient monitor ing and care. These systems co ntinuou sly perform signal filtering, transformation s, and cla ssification , which are quite co mpute intensive, and qu ickly dr ain the syste m energy. The design sp ace of these hu man activity sensors is large and in cludes the choice of sampling frequency, feature detection algorith m, length of the windo w of transition detection etc., and all these cho ices fundamentally trade -off power/performance for accuracy of detection . In this work, we explore this design space, and make several in teresting con clusions that can be used as rules of thu mb for quick, yet power-efficient designs o f such systems. For instance, we find that the x-axis of our sig nal, which was oriented to be par allel to the forearm, is the mo st importan t signal to be monitored, for our set of h and activities. Our experimental results sho w that b y carefull y choosing system design par ameters, there is considerable (5X) scope of improving the performance/power of the system, for minimal (5%) loss in accuracy.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PREVENTING COT DEATH FOR INFANTS IN DAY CARE

ABSTRACT It is estimated that 1 in 2000 live born infants die as a result of what is commonly referred to as cot death. Of these cases, 20-30% of the deaths occur in licensed day care centres. Due to the current financial crisis it is possib le that the number of children left in care will increase as parents have to work longer hours to maintain their standard of living. It is the intention of this paper to present a prototype system which utilises miniature wireless sensor devices which could allow online monitoring of infants at ho me, as well as in large day care centres.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PROPOSAL OF PLUG AND PLAY EGO-MOTION ESTIMATOR FOR MOBILE ROBOT

ABSTRACT In this paper, for an ego-motion estimating prob lem of mobile robot, we propose a plug and p lay ego-motion estimator that a user can freely sele ct the sensor type and flexibly install the sensor. In th is alg orith m, each sensor is dealt with a sensor unit th at has so me co mputing equip ment, and each sensor unit estimates the ego-motion and the sensor par ameter. Moreover, the sensor un its are connected via a network, and the ego-motion estimate ofeach unit are exchanged each other. Then the exchanged infor mation is fused b y Covariance In tersection method, which is one o f a decentralized estimator. By th is, th is algorith m can estimate ego-mo tion not affected b y nu mber of sensors and sensor type. Furthermore, user can flexibly in stall the sensors b y this algorith m because sensor parameters are estimated in each un it and co mpensated infor mation are exchanged each other. In add ition to this high flexib ility, an experimental results denotes th at our method estimate ego-motion with adequate accur acy.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ZIGBEE-WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS FOR BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL

ABSTRACT Zig Bee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost low-power wireless sensor networks. This standard takes full advantages of the IEEE 802.15.4 ph ysical radio specification and operates in unlicensed bands worldwide at different frequencies. Zig Bee-Wireless Mesh Networks (Zig Bee-WMNs) are recognized as a cost-effective and flexible solution for building automation and control. They have the potential to unify the methods of data communication for sensors, actuators, appliances, and assettracking devices. They offer a means to build a reliable but affordable network backbone that supports battery-operated devices with a low data rate and a low duty cycle to facilitate building automation and control systems (BACs). This p aper illustrates the possibilities and advantages of applying ZigBee -WMNs in BACs to benefit building occupants.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ROBOTIC TACTILE SENSOR

SYSTEM AND APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT This paper presents a tactile sensor system for a robot manipulator and an active-sensing technique to realize 3-D object recognitions concerning object shape, object surface normal, and object edge tracing with experimental results. The proposed tactile sensor units implemented on the robot hand consist of three thin sheets of force -sensitive resistors arranged triangularly with the peripheral circuits. One potential application of the proposed techniques is to realize an effective human-robot cooperation to move an object together by utilizing the control of a hand pose to keep the direction of the hand normal to the object surface in three dimensions, which is often necessary when pushing an object. Another is a 3-D ob ject edge tracing. The proposed techniques can be employed in industrial processes such as welding and inspection to eliminate manual teaching procedures for searching the object edge automatically before doing the welding process. In these applications, information about the object shape or orientation is not required in advance.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REAL-TIME ECG TELEMONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN WITH MOBILE PHONE PLATFORM

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose an ECG (electrocardiogram) telemonitoring system based on a mobile phone platform. It transmits abnormal heartbeats, which are identified in the patientworn unit (Holter), in real time by using MMS (multimedia messaging service) on GPRS (general packet radio service) and transfers all ECG data acqu ired and stored in the Holter by the Internet. By this way, the Holter can be used outdoors, and the communication cost can be reduced without losing important information of patients. The GPS (global positioning system) information provided by the Holter can be used to locate the patient for emergency help. To identify abnormal beats, we develop a real-time ECG classification algorith m that can be executed by the dual-core processor in the Holter. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves an ECG classification accuracy of 98.98 %. Keywords Telemonitoring ; Electrocardiogram (ECG); R wave detection; Realtime classification ; Multimedia messaging service (MMS)
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REAL-TIME AUTOMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT FOR SOCIAL MODERNIZATION OF INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM
ABSTRACT The paper Real time atomization of agricultural environment for social modernization of Indian agricu ltural syste m using ARM7 and GSM' is focu sed on automizing the the irrigation system for social walfare of Ind ian agricu ltural system and also to provide adequate irrigation in particular area. The set up consists of ARM7TDMI core, which is a 32-bit microprocessor, GSM serves as an important part as it is responsible for controlling the irrigation on field and sends them to the receiver through coded signals. GSM operates through SMSes and is the link between ARM processor and centralized unit. ARM7TDMI is an advanced version of microprocessors and forms the heart of the system. Our project aims to imp lement the basic application of auto mizing the irrigation field b y programming the components and build ing the necessary hardware. This project is u sed to find the exact field condition. GSM is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is given on user request in form of SMS. ng. GSM modem can be controlled by standard set of AT (Attention) co mmands. These commands can be used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENT OF ETHERNET INTERFACE BASED ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Embedded systems are pervasive in the infrastructure of our society for d iverse tasks such as stud ying environmental phenomena, mapping and manag ing large-scale systems, aiding security and other fields, but masses of them do not have the capacity of network interconnection, these greatly limits the use of equipment, control and data exchange performance, therefore we proposed an method of embedded system interface based on Ethernet which combined with the latest computer technology, network technology, co mmunication technolog y. We introduce the Ethernet technology and embedded system theory, using Ethernet controller CS8900A and S3C2410_net to design the Ethernet interface module, while given the system flow chart. The system interface will widely use in various applications and has good prospects.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SMART DIGITAL DOOR LOCK FOR THE HOME AUTOMATION

ABSTRACT
In thi s paper, we propose a smart digi tal door lock system for home automati on. A digi tal door l ock system i s equipment tha t use s the digi tal informati on such a s a se cre t code, semi -conductors, smart ca rd, and finge r prints a s the method for authentica tion instead of the lega cy key system. In our proposed system, a Zi gBee module i s embedded i n digi tal door lock and the door l ock acts a s a central main controller of the overall home automation system. Techni cally, our proposed system i s the network of sensor node s and actua tors wi th digi tal door lock a s ba se sta tion. A door lock system propose d here consi sts of RFI D reader for user authentica tion, touch LCD, motor module for openi ng and cl osi ng of the door, se nsor module s for detecting the condi tion insi de the house, communica tion module, and control module for controlli ng other module s. Sensor node s for environment sensing are deployed at appropriate pla ce s at home. Status of indi vidual ZigBee module can be m oni tored and controlled by the centralized controller, digi tal door lock. As the door lock i s the fi rst and la st thing people come across in enteri ng and leavi ng the home re specti vely, the home automa tion function in digi tal door lock system enables user to convenientl y control and moni tor home environment and conditi on all at once be fore entering or leaving the house. Furtherm ore, i t al so allow s use rs to remotely moni tor the condi tion inside the house through Internet or any other publi c ne twork. The bigge st advantage of our proposed system over existi ng one s i s that it can be easil y installed when and where necessa ry without requirement of any infra structure s and proper planning.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN BASED ON WEB SERVER FOR DIGITAL HOME
ABSTRACT In this paper, we studied some new technologies and so lutions for remote digital home control system. Although man y solution s for remote digital home control system are being developed, few can be applied to real life because of different standard protocol. Each organization emphasizes on different area. Thus, we present a Web server based remote control system to connect Internet and isolated intelligent home control system, which can be widely used by common families. The Web server is more flexible, reliable, and easy maintenance. Field programming gate array (FPGA) is applied in our system as the core controller. This makes the system more efficiency and faster to achieve real-time control. Detailed implementation for client, Web server and hardware design is presented in this paper. The experimental result shows users can not only control home appliances such as air conditioner, video camera and lighting ect., but also check their status in real-time fro m an ywhere through our system.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REMOTE I/O DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM BASED ON EMBEDDED ARM PLATFORM
ABSTRACT With the rapid develop ment of the field of industrial process con trol and the fast popularizatio n o f e mbedded ARM pro cessor, it has been a trend th at ARM processor can substitute the sing le ch ip to realize data acquisition and con trol. A ne w kind of remote I/O d ata acqu isition system based on embedded ARM p latfor m has been researched and developed in th is paper, who se hard ware p latfor m use 32- b it embedded ARM microprocessor, and so ftware p latform use the uC/OS-II core of real-time mu ltitask operating syste m which is open-source and can be grafted, cut ou t and so lidified. This syste m can measure all kind s of electrical and ther mal par ameters such as voltage, current, thermocoup le, RTD, and so on. The measured d ata can be d isplayed on LC D of the system, and at the same time can be transmitted through RS485 or Ethernet network to remote DAS or DCS monitoring syste m b y using Modbus/RTU or Modbus/TCP protocol. The system has the dual redundant network and long-distance co mmun ication function, wh ich can ensure the disturb rejection capability and reliability of the co mmunication network.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR VIBRATION DETECTION OF INDUCTION MOTORS

ABSTRACT To avoid unexpected equipment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagnostic for the predictive maintenance of induction motors, on-line health monitoring system plays an important role to improve the system reliability and availability. Among different techniques of fault detection, work on motor current signature analysis b y using only stator current spectra has been well documented. In addition, the recent developments in MEMS technology shows increasing trend in integrating vibration analysis for fault diagnostic. Vibration-based detection by using the accele rometer is gaining popularity due to high reliability, low power consu mption, and low cost. This p aper presents the study of vibration due to the rotor imbalance. The technique of vibration detection and observation of vibration signal in the 3-phase induction machine is studied. A novel health monitoring system of electric machine based on wireless sensor network (ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and developed in this paper. Experimental results of the proposed severity detection technique of rotor vibration under different levels of imbalance conditions are investigated and discussed.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REMOTE-CONTROLLABLE AND ENERGY SAVING ROOM ARCHITECTURE BASED ON ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION

ABSTRACT This p aper proposes remote -controllable and energy-saving room architecture to reduce standby power consumption and to make the room easily controllable with an IR remote control of a home appliance. To realize the proposed room architecture, we proposed and designed the automatic standby power cut-off outlet and a Zig Bee controller with IR code learning functionality. The proposed power outlet monitors the power consumption for the predetermined time and completely cuts off the power supply when the monitored power is below the threshold. This power outlet has a function of changing the threshold power, which enables any kinds of ho me appliances to be applied to the power outlet. To efficiently manage the power outlets and the lights, we proposed the ZigBee controller with IR code learning functionality. The Zig Bee controller has several onboard buttons to wake up the power outlets and control the dimming light. By using IR code learning functionality, the ZigBee controller can assign a certain IR code of a remote control of a home appliance to the power outlet or the dimming light. A user can control the power outlets and the dimming light with an IR remote control of any home appliance. Our proposed room architecture provides the remote -controllable and energy-saving room.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DYNAMIC OBSTACLE DETECTOR USING LOCAL RANGE DECREMENT

ABSTRACT
The pa per Dynam ic Obstac le Detec tor With Loca l Ra nge Decreme nt is us ed to determ ine the dimens ional area a nd its 2-D view of the surrounding fr om a remote place . The overa ll view of the area is ma ppe d by the dr ifter a nd displa ye d as the top view of the place or the targe t in the PC. The intelligent part of the whole s ys tem is the PIC mic ro c ontr oller c ontr olling the overa ll detec tion s ystem opera tion. The dr ifter is initiate d by the PC a nd the ultras onic se nsors are use d to determ ine the dista nce a nd the corres ponding a ngle ar ound the dr ifter . These data are the n sent to the PC via the c omm unica tion cha nnel. The sys tem then ma nipula tes the da ta sent by the PIC a bout the ambie nt to ge nerate the top view of the e nvir onme nt. The API wa its for the user to lock the tar get loca tion and w he n it is done , the re lative pos itional c oor dinates (angle, dista nce) is c ommunicated to the MC res iding in the dr ifter . The AI of the dyna mo unders ta nds the info and guides the dr ifter t o the des ired target.
KEY WORDS
Dr ifter , Echo ra nging, Dime nsiona l plotter Guide d loc om otion, PIC m icrocontr oller , Polar
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR FOR STEERING WHEEL GRIP FORCE MEASUREMENT IN DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION
ABSTRACT
This pa per presents a low-c os t a nd s im ple dis tr ibute d force se ns or that is partic ularly s uita ble for meas ur ing grip force and ha nd pos ition on a steer ing wheel. The se ns or ca n be use d in a utom otive active sa fety s ys tems that a im at detec ting dr iver s fa tigue , whic h is a ma jor iss ue to pre ve nt r oa d acc ide nts. The ke y point of our a pproac h is to des ign a c ha in of se nsor units, eac h of them provide d with s ome inte llige nce a nd general purpose ca pa bilities , so tha t it ca n ser ve as platform for inte gra ting diffe rent k inds of se ns ors into the steering whee l. A pr oof-of c once pt dem onstra tion of the dis tr ibuted se nsor c onsis ting of 16 units based on ca pac itive se ns ing e leme nts has bee n rea lise d and pre liminar y results are prese nte d.
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DYNAMIC SHORTEST PATH DETERMINATION IN EMERGENCY VEHICLES

ABSTRACT
Acc om plis hing a n e ffec tive r outing of e mergenc y vehic le w ill m inimize its respons e time a nd will thus im pr ove the re sponse performa nce . Traffic conges tion is a critical pr oblem in ur ba n area tha t influe nces the tra ve l time of ve hicle s. The aim of this study is de veloping a spatia l dec is ion s upport s ystem (SDSS) for em erge nc y vehic le r outing. The pr opose d s ystem is base d on inte gration of ge os patia l informa tion s ystem (GIS) a nd rea l-time tra ffic conditions . In this sys tem dynam ic s hor test path is use d for emergenc y ve hic le r outing. This s tudy investigates the dynam ic s hor test path a lgor ithms a nd offer s an applica ble s olution for emer ge nc y r outing. The s hortes t path a pplie d is bas ed on Dijkstra a lgor ithm in whic h spec ific rules ha ve bee n use d to inte llige ntly upda te the pr opos ed path dur ing dr iving. Res ults of this s tudy, illus trate that dynam ic ve hic le r outing is an effic ie nt solution for re duc tion of tra vel time in emer ge nc y routing. Fina lly, it is s hown tha t using GIS in emer genc y r outing offers a powerful capability for ne twork ana lysis, vis ualization a nd ma na geme nt of urba n tra ffic network. Spa tia l a na lys is ca pa bilities of GIS are use d to find the s hortest or fas test route through a netw ork . These ca pa bilities of GIS for a nalyzing spa tial netw orks ena ble them to be use d as dec is ion s upport s ys tems (DSSs) for dispa tc hing and r outing of emergenc y ve hic les.
KEY WORDS
DSS % Dynam ic ve hicle r outing
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
7TH SENSE. A M ULTIPURPOSE ROBOT FOR MILITARY

ABSTRACT In the world that has an enormous potential for conflict, militaries around the world are taking Patton 's words very seriously. Right from the ancient times, the foot soldiers has fought and won the battle for the victor. However, over the past decade or so, the infantry's role has changed - the emergence of smart munitions and precision aerial bombard ment has resulted in the infantryman entering tough urban combat situations to mop up an y remain ing resistance. To morrow's heroic soldier isn't going to jump into the battle with just a b allot-proof Kevlar vest, a backp ack sized field radio and a commando kn ife clutched between his teeth[7]. Our system is the first of several such programs that are looking at revamping the infantr y soldier's gear. Our system basically has two mode s. One mode is the automatic mode and the other mode is user control mode. The auto matic mode uses face recognition technique to combat intruders. In certain unavoidable circumstances the control comes to user who can control the operations of the robot from remote location using a computer. One of the main advantages of our system is that the mode switching can be done very fast with out an y delay. It also helps to provide medical aid for needy. Our system can also be used to detect and defuse the bombs. Thus our aim is to provide a robotic system that can co mbat in wars and other militar y purposes [8].
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NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT
In this pa per we pr opose a s ys tem tha t automates the w h ole pr ocess of tak ing atte nda nce a nd ma inta ining its recor ds in an aca dem ic institute. Mana ging pe ople is a diffic ult task for mos t of the or ga nizations, a nd maintaining the atte nda nce rec or d is a n im porta nt factor in pe ople ma nagement. When c ons ider ing aca dem ic institutes , tak ing the attenda nce of stude nts on da ily basis a nd ma inta ining the r ecor ds is a ma jor task . Ma nua lly tak ing the atte nda nce and ma inta ining it for a long time a dds to the diffic ulty of this task as well as wastes a lot of time . For this reas on a n efficie nt s ys tem is des igne d. This s ystem takes attenda nce e lec tr onica lly with the he lp of a fingerpr int sens or a nd all the rec ords are sa ve d on a c om puter ser ver. Fingerpr int sens ors and LCD s cree ns ar e place d a t the entra nce of e ach r oom. In or der to mar k the attenda nce , stude nt has to place his /her finger on the fingerprint sens or . On ide ntifica tion stude nts atte ndance recor d is upda te d in the data base a nd he /she is notified thr ough LCD scree n. No nee d of a ll the stationar y mater ia l a nd s pec ia l pers onal for k eeping the rec ords . Furtherm ore an automate d s ystem re places the manua l s yste m.
KEY WORDS
Finger pr ints , Enr ollme nt, Finger pr int s ens or , Fa ilure to e nroll (FTE), Failure to capture (FTC), Ver ifica tion, Finger pr int tem plates
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DETECTION OF HAZARDOUS DRIVING BEHAVIOR USING FUZZY LOGIC

ABSTRACT
We propose a s ys tem that ca n rec or d driving e ve nts a nd de tect unsafe dr iving be ha viors . Three se nsors , a n Engine Contr ol Unit (ECU) rea der , a 3-ax is acceler ometer, a nd a camera are used, in w hic h the y re prese nt the car , the passe nger, a nd the dr iver s pe rspec tive. Our s ystem c om bines data fr om these thr ee sens ors w ith a fuzzy infere nce s ystem to ide ntify a n e ve nt of hazar dous dr iving. The output of the s ys tem is the driving r isk le ve l ra ngin g fr om 1 to 3 , w here 1 is the safes t. The output of the s ys tem was verified by c omparis on w ith a questionna ire fr om three pa ssengers in a test r un ex per ime nt Rece ntly m otor vehic les ha ve bec ome a necess ity in hum an da ily life. At the same time the y are also a major c ause of death a nd road c ongestion, w hich is an obstacle to future ec onomic de ve lopme nt. The ma jor ca use of these pr oblems, es pec ially in de ve loping c ountr ies are ba d-habit dr iving of huma n, for exam ple, fas t and care less dr iving, stop the car s udde nly , tur n le ft -right quick ly, and high acce leration ra te of the ca r. In this pa per , we w ill prese nt a m ethod for detec ting unsafe driving beha viors us ing fuzzy logic. Since unsafe dr iving be ha vior is a subjective qua ntity, we made a n ass um ption that it ca n be me asure d fr om three pers pec tives. The firs t pe rspe ctive is the passe nger s point of view. We use a 3-ax is acceler ometer m ounted at the passe ngers seat to detec t hea vy jolts caus ed by sudde n turns or bra kes. The sec ond pers pective is the drivers point of view . Since a dr iver c onsta ntly looks at the r oa d a hea d to see other cars a nd takes actions, we use a camera mounted on the cars c onsole to em ula te the dr iver s vision. The third pers pective is the ve hic le s sta tus . We use d a n On-Boar d Dia gnos is II (OBD-II) reader to obtain the ve loc ity a nd the e ngine s pee d of the ve hic le dire ctly fr om an ECU. All of data fr om the sensors will be se nt to a fuzzy logic s ys tem to class ify three le ve ls of ha zardous driving.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A CAN-BASED DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE

ABSTRACT
This pape r prese nts de ve lopme nt of a longitudina l c ontroller for an autonom ous All-Terra in Vehic le (ATV). The de ve lope d ATV is a Controller Area Ne twork (CAN) base d dis tribute d c ontr ol s ystem including m ultiple pr ocess ors. Be fore de ve loping the longitudinal c ontr oller , it is s how n that the w orst case respons e time of messa ges via CAN is bounded by appr opria te ass ignment of pr ior ities to all messa ges . The n, a c ontr ol m ode l for longitudina l control of ATV is pr oposed a nd va lidate d ex perimenta lly. Fina lly, the longitudina l c ontr oller for ATV, based on a nonlinear c ontr ol technique s o-c alle d Dynamic Surface Contr ol (DSC), is des igned a nd va lidated via s im ulation whe ther it can c om pensa te for the wors t case time de la y a nd packet loss resulting fr om CAN comm unications .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A HANDS GESTURE SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR AN INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR

ABSTRACT
When a n unfor tuna te e ve nt affects the motor ca pac ity of a pers on, it is necessar y to use de vices like w hee lcha irs tha t offer a mea ns o dis placeme nt for patie nts with m otors pr oblems of the lower lim bs . Some patients that c annot manipula te the wheelc ha ir w ith their arms due to a lack of force or ps ychom otor pr oble ms in the s uper ior mem bers , re quest electr ic whee lc ha irs, fre que ntly ma nipulate d with joys ticks ; howe ver the joystick manipula tion is e ve n not practica l and fre quently it m ust be ha ndle with the m outh. The prese nt a rticle prese nts the partia l res ults in the de ve lopme nt of a wheelc ha ir contr olled by a n intuitive inte rface , w here the instr uctions are given by ha nd ges ture instr uc tions . The adva nces are prese nte d in the rea lization of the c ontr ol s oftware us ing a Webcam a nd som e dis tances a nd pre sence se nsors controlle d by a PIC micr ocontroller tha t esta blishe s the c omm unica tion with a program de ve loped in La bview.
KEY WORDS
Digital ima ge pr ocess ing, ha nd gesture c ontr ol, Labview , whee lc hair c ontr ol.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART POWER METER FOR AMI BASED ON ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION

ABSTRACT
Many gover nme nts de ploy ubiquitous IT pr oject, whic h aims to com bine the lates t wire less netw ork a nd w ide-ba nd tec hnologies etc. to acc om plish a ubiquitous wire less c omm unication ne twork . The ubiquitous wire less comm unica tion netw ork ca n be utilize d for the Adva nce d Meter ing Infrastruc ture (AMI). Therefore , this pa per tries to use the new wire less c omm unication technologies to design a nd im plement a ZigBee -bas ed smart power meter . An outa ge recording s ystem is als o des igne d and em be dde d into the smart mete r. The micr oc ontr oller of Micr ochip ds PIC30 F ser ies is use d to de ve lop the pr opose d smart power me ter . A ZigBee s ys tem is the n de igne d a nd inte gra ted into the pr oposed power meter , a nd used to tra nsm it the de taile d power cons um ption da ta a nd outage e ve nt data to rear -e nd pr ocess ing s ystem . The pr opose d s mart power me ter ca nnot only be use d for power c ons umption data c ollection but a ls o for outa ge e ve nt data rec ording. The propose d s ys tem has grea t potential to be use d to build the area -bas ed AMI. Ex per ime nta l re sults dem onstr ate the validity of the propose d s yste m. Bes ides , the applic ation of ZigBee c omm unica tion in power area ma y, expecte dly, lea d to make a de finite c ontr ibution to ubiquitous IT projec t.
KEY WORDS
Ubiquitous IT Pr oject, Wire less Netw ork , Advance d Me ter ing Infrastr uc tur e, Smart Power Mete r, ZigBee
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A MODULAR COST-EFFECTIVE MOBILE ROBOT NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING RFID TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT
Skilled na vigation in mobile robotics us ually re quires solving two pr oblems perta ining to the k now le dge of the position of the robot, a nd to a m otion contr ol s trate gy. Whe n no pr ior know ledge of the e nvir onme nt is a va ila ble , the pr oblem bec omes e ve n more c ha llenging, s ince the robot has to build a map of its s urroundings as it m oves . These three tasks ought to be s olved in conjunc tion due to the ir inter de pende nc y. The present ma nuscr ipt pr oposes a nove l m obile robot na viga tion technique us ing a cus tomize d RFID rea der w ith tw o rece iving ante nnas m ounte d on the r obot a nd a num ber of sta ndar d RFID ta gs attached in the r obots e nvir onment to de fine its path. In here , we show that us ing the RF s igna l fr om the RFID ta gs as a n ana log feedback signa ls ca n be a prom is ing stra te gy to na vigate a m obile robot within a n unk now n or uncerta in indoor e nvironme nt. This method is com puta tiona lly s im pler a nd more cos t effec tive tha n ma ny of its counter par ts in the state of the art. It is a ls o m odular and eas y to im pleme nt s ince it is inde pende nt of the robots a rchitecture a nd its workspa ce. A se t of numer ical c omputer s imula tions are provide d to illus trate the effective ness of the propose d sc heme .
INDEX TERMS
RFID, Phase Differe nce , Fuzzy Logic Contr oller , Robot Sensing and Perce ption
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF ZIGBEE BASED STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Industr y of street lighting s ystem s are gr ow ing ra pidly a nd going to c omplex with rapid gr owth of indus tr y and cities. To contr ol and maintain c omplex street lighting s ystem m ore ec onom ica lly, various s treet light c ontr ol s ystems are de ve loped. Ne ver thele ss most of de ve loped s ystems ha ve s ome drawbac ks. So we are going to de ve lop new light c ontr ol s ys tem w hic h can sys tems draw backs . We sur ve ye d var ious s treet light c ontr ol ana lyze d its chara cter istics . Thr ough these effor ts, we found drawbac ks of mos t light c ontr ol s ys tems are uneas iness of diffic ulty of maintena nce . overc ome old s ys tems a nd that c om m on ha ndling a nd
To re duce uneas iness of ha ndling a nd diffic ulty of ma inte na nce in operating light c ontr ol s ystem, we des igne d new stree t light c ontr ol s ystem by us ing Zigbee c ommunication tec hnique. In this thes is , we des cribe on the H/W des ign of new s treet light c ontr ol sys tem des igned by us ing Zigbee c omm unica tion protocol.
INDEX TERMS
H/W Des ign, Rem ote Contr ol term inal, Street Light Contr ol System , Zigbee ,
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DETECTING DRIVER DROWSINESS USING COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT
The adva nce of com puting tec hnology has pr ovide d the mea ns for building inte llige nt vehic le s ystems . Drows y dr iver detection s ys tem is one of the pote ntia l a pplica tions of intelligent ve hic le s ys tems . Here we em ploy mac hine lear ning tec hniques to de tect dr iver dr ows ines s. The s ystem obta ine d 98 % performa nce in pre dicting dr iver drows iness. This is the highes t pre diction ra te re por te d to da te for detec ting rea l dr ows ines s. More over , the analys is re vea le d new information a bout huma n be ha vior dur ing dr owsy dr iving
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT SMS BASED REMOTE METERING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Automatic Me ter Rea ding (AMR) is a s tate-of-threa t tec hnology for rea ding electr ic , gas or water me ter rea dings a utomatica lly fr om a rem ote place without a ny human inter ve ntion. Remote me ter ing pr om ises fast a nd acc urate billing s ystem. In this pape r, a tec hnique for rem ote ly rea ding electr ic ity mete r readings us ing Short Messa ge Ser vice (SMS) has been illustra ted. Ex isting Global Sys tem for Mobile c omm unica tions (GSM) ne twork s ha ve been use d for sending a nd receiving SMS. A pr ototype of the s ystem has bee n des igned a nd de ve lope d for s ystem explora tion a nd ex per ime nt.
INDEX TERMS
SMS, GSM, Micr ocontroller , Ser ver , Data base
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DYNAMIC INTEGRATION OF ZIGBEE HOME NETWORKS INTO HOME GATEWAYS USING OSGI SERVICE REGISTRY
ABSTRACT
In r ecent years , Zigbee becom es one of the m ost pr om ising protocols for wireles s home networ king. So, it will be esse ntia l for home gatewa ys to inter operate with Zigbee home ne twork de vices. In this pa per , I pr opose a n OSGi-base d arc hitec tur e for dynamic integra tion of Zigbee home netw orks into home gatewa ys , where the Zigbee home ne twork de vices are repr esente d as de vice prox y ser vice bundles . Suc h pr ox y ser vice bundles are dynam ica lly downloa de d, ins ta lle d a nd registere d to the ser vice re gistr y by the dynam ic de vice inte gration m ana ger on the c orres ponding de vices joining the Zigbee ne twork . The n, home netw ork applications can be notified w ith or disc over the de vice pr ox y services , a nd access the de vice s with their pr ox y se r vic es in the same wa y as ha ndling c omm on OSGi s er vices.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A PATH FOLLOWING CONTROL OF AN UNMANNED AUTONOMOUS FORKLIFT

ABSTRACT
In thi s paper, the development of an unmanned autonom ous forkli ft i s di scussed. A system configurati on using vi si on, la se r range r fi nder, sonar, e tc. for autonomous na vigati on i s pre se nted. The kinemati cs of a spin-turn mechani sm i s analyzed fi rst, and then the obtained ki nematics equations are transformed to the equations repre sented by pa th va riable s. The se equati ons are nonlinear sta te equations to be used for control purpose s. A time varyi ng feedback control law via the chained form of Murra y and Sa stry [12] i s deri ved. The effe cti vene ss of the proposed control law i s examined through sim ulations and experiments.
KEYWORDS
Chained form, feedback control, kinemati cs, path variable s, unmanned forkli ft.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME RAILW AY SIMULATOR

KEY WORDS
Ra ilway traffic , rea l time sim ulation, distr ibuted s ys tems .
ABSTRACT
The pr oblem of c ontr ol and ma na geme nt of ra ilwa y tra nspor tation is a com plex task with m ajor outc omes in a m odern s oc iety. Tra ins are suitable for trans porting pe oples a nd goods w ith a good trade-off be tween c os t a nd rapidity. A railwa y s ystem cons ists of a netw ork of tra cks, lis t of sta tions , sa fety de vices (signa ls , se ns ors , etc) a nd a set of tra ins. Tr ains move s fr om one station to other a long the ne twork . Dis tribute d a pplic ations a re a pplica ble in case of large s ystems .
INTRODUCTION
Ra ilways are perce ive d as the mos t effic ie nt means of mass pas senger trans porta tion. In the case of la nd base d fre ight m oveme nts , ra ilwa ys are us ually a t a com petitive a dva ntage re la tive to roa d tra ns port for the non-urban medium to long dis tanc es, bulk a nd c onta iner ize d tasks . The operations of ra ilwa y s ystems involve m ulti-disciplinar y prac tice s, ranging fr om bus iness to tra nspor t operations a nd engineer ing
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF ZIGBEE MOBILE ROUTER FOR SUPPORTING NETWORK MOBILITY IN HEALTH ARE SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we pr opose a Networ k Mobility (NEMO) base d ZigBee Mobile Router arc hitec ture a nd opera tions for supporting the networ k m obility of ZigBee netw ork . Als o, we prese nt a des ign and im plementation of the ZigBee Mobile Router for hea lthcare s ystem . The arc hitec ture is par ticular ly useful to ma na ge pa tie nts mobility whe re ea ch patie nt is equippe d with ZigBee se ns or nodes .
INTRODUCTION
ZigBee [1 ] is a low rate wire less c omm unica tion tec hnology us ing sma ll, lowcost and low-power se nsors base d on IEEE 802 .15 .4 [2] sta ndard. In this pa per, we foc us on the sc heme w hic h s uppor ts m obility to ZigBee nodes . In or der to pr ovide m obility to ZigBee nodes, we a dopt the NEMO (Ne twork Mobility) pr otoc ol [3]. If the NEMO is a pplie d in the ZigBee se nsor netw ork , e ve n though eac h ZigBee node doe s not e quipped with mobility pr otoc ol, it ca n mainta in connectivity with the Inter net thr ough the ZigBee Mobile Router as a netw ork unit. Therefore , the ne twork m obility of ZigBe e sens or nodes ca n be suppor te d by inter operable arc hitec ture betwee n ZigBee a nd NEMO. In this pa per , we propose interw orking mec ha nism be tween ZigBee a nd NEMO for providing the netw ork mobility of the ZigBee ne twork . Als o, we impleme nt the ZigBee Mobile Router for hea lthcare s ystem .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM BASED ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
ABSTRACT
Fire disa ster is a gr eat thr eat to lives and pr operty. Automa tic fire a larm sys tem provides rea l-time s ur ve illa nce , m onitor ing a nd a utomatic a larm . It sends ear ly a larm whe n the fire occ urs a nd helps to reduce the fire damage. Wireles s sens or netw ork ha s bec ome the m ost im por ta nt tec hnology in environme nta l m onitor ing a nd home or factor y a utomation in rece nt years . In this paper , a n a utoma tic fire a larm s ystem base d on wire less sens or netw orks is de ve lope d, whic h is des igned for high-r ise buildings . In or der to pr ovide ear ly ex tinguis hing of a fire disas ter , lar ge numbe rs of de tectors whic h per iodica lly meas ure smok e c onc entration or tem pera tur e are de ployed in buildings . Those sca ttere d detec tors repor t their m onitoring infor mation to the sur ve illa nce ce nter via the self-or ganizing hierarc hica l wire less sens or netw orks . Test re sults fr om the pr ototype s yste m s how tha t the autom atic fire alarm s yste m ac hie ves the design re quireme nts .
INDEX TERMS
Fire Alarm System , Wire less Se ns or Netw orks , Sm oke Conce ntra tion
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION HYDRAULIC SIMULATION AND REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM OF FIELD ROBOT
ABSTRACT
Hydra ulic exca vators are the re prese nta tive of fie ld r obot a nd has bee n us ed in various fie lds of cons truc tion. Since the exca va tor opera tes in the hazar dous work ing c ircumsta nce , oper ators of ex ca vator ex pose d in harm ful environme nt. Therefore , automa tion a nd rem ote c ontr ol sys tem ha ve bee n inves tiga ted to pr otect fr om the hazar dous work ing e nvir onment. In this pape r, a hydra ulic sim ula tion program a nd a rem ote c ontr ol s yste m were de ve loped base d on 1 .5 ton exca vator whic h is a k ind of fie ld r obot. The sim ulator was made by the AMESim, hydra ulic m ode ling e nvir onme nt. And the method to construc t the rem ote c ontr ol s ystem is pr opose d. The remote c ontr ol s ystem is c ons iste d of a m anua l and a utomatic m ode . Manua l mode c ontr ols a hydra ulic c ylinder as ope n loop c ontrol a nd auto mode contr ols the end effec t of exca vator us ing tr acking control s ystem . The efficie nc y of rem ote c ontr ol s ystem was e valua ted thr ough the fie ld test.
KEY WORDS
Field Robot, Exca vator , Hydra ulic Simulation, AMESim , rem ote c ontr ol
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
COST EFFECTIVE GPS-GPRS BASED OBJECT TRACKING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes and im pleme nts a low c ost object track ing s ys tem us ing GPS and GPRS. The s ystem a llows a user to view the prese nt a nd the past positions rec orde d of a tar get objec t on Google Map thr ough the inter net. The s ystem rea ds the c urre nt pos ition of the object us ing GPS, the data is sent via GPRS ser vice from the GSM netw ork towar ds a web ser ver us ing the POST me thod of the HTTP pr otocol. The objec ts pos ition data is then s tor ed in the data base for live a nd pa st track ing. A we b application is de ve lope d using PHP, Ja vaScr ipt, Ajax a nd MySQL with the Google Ma p em bedde d. The ex isting live tracking s ystems that are ava ilable now a da ys use SMS for the c omm unica tion to the server which tur ne d out to be expe ns ive . (SMS are used for c omm unica tion to de vice ). We ha ve use d the GPRS ser vice whic h ma de our s ystem a low c ost track ing solution for loca lizing a n objec t position a nd s tatus . This s ystem is ver y useful for ca r theft s ituations (a larm a ler t, engine sta rting, localizing), for adolesc ent driver s be ing watc hed and m onitored by pare nts (s pee d lim it exceeding, lea ving a spec ific area ), as we ll as for hum an a nd pet track ing.
INDEX TERMS
GPS, GPRS, GSM, NMEA, IMEI, Google Ma p, Latitude, Longitude, Ajax, XML, HTTP, TCP, MySQL, Car trac king, Car m onitoring.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A ZIGBEE AND ZIGBEE-TO-IR DEVICE CONTROL SCHEME FOR SINGLE MEDIA MULTI DEVICES
ABSTRACT
This pa per has a back gr ound of SMMD (Single Me dia Multi De vice) c ontr ol technology for causing var ious actua l fee ling effects a bout one me dia s ourc e. SMMD tec hnology a dds me tadata contr olling ar bitrar y m ultiple de vices in one MPEG-4 me dia . A home ser ver pr oduces a c ontrol c omma nd fr om metada ta and de livers contr ol mess age to a se nsor y e ffec t de vice using the ZigBee communication. A de vice pr oduces a n internal inte rface c omma nd or s pec ific IR c ode for contr olling a n actua l fee ling effect de vice. IR c odes are differe nt by pr oduc ts a nd eac h ma nufac ture r. A home ser ver has the func tion of lear ning IR codes a nd ma na ges the IR c ode pr ofile . A ZigBee coordinator ma nages s e vera l ZigBee e nd de vice s. A ZigBee e nd de vice contr ols som e sens or y effect de vice s. We pr opos e a contr ol mec ha nism about ZigBee c ontr ol a nd ZigBee-to-IR c ontr ol de vice a nd im pleme nt a dem o s ystem .
KEY WORDS
ZigBee -to-IR Contr ol, ZigBee Contr ol, IR Contr ol, SMMD.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN AUTOMATIC TOU METER READING USING ZIGBEE ABSTRACT

An on going project to develop a 3 phase TOU meter and a wireless handheld meter reader is described. The internal hardware of each device is described. The TOU meter is capable of measure and record various data such as active energy, reactive energy, apparent energy for each tariff and 15 minute energy demand for the past 30 days. This large amount of data makes manual reading impossible. Therefore both devices install a ZigBee 2.4GHz RF module for handling the wireless communication protocol and transmitting data. A single reader can automatically search for all meters within its100m range and read data from each meter based on the ANSI Cxx for mat.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS MONITORING SYSTEMS (E-ID) USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
ABSTRACT
Monitor ing Boa rding sc hool student movem ent us ing the old fas hione d study sys tem is ineffic ie nt a nd brings difficulty to the hos tel ma na geme nt to c heck atte nda nce ma nua lly. By using RFID tec hnology, stude nt m oveme nt is quick and eas y.
APPROACH:
The a pplication of RFID Ma trix Card s ystem as a boarding sc hoo l s tude nts monitor ing s ystem (EID) were pur posed to im pr ove sc hool ma na geme nt sys tem and to monitor interest gr oup m oveme nt. The RFID ta gs e nable sc hool mana geme nt to tra ck the s tude nts m oveme nts in and out of the hos tel. An individua l w ithout RFID c ard wi ll trigger the a larm and this w ill inform sc hool ma nagem ent a bout a vaila bility of students us ing an online m onitor ing s ystem .
RESULTS:
This s ystem use d ma in c om pone nt of pas sive RFID s ystem , data base mana geme nt s ys tem and w ireless ne twork ing. W he n RFID tag pass thr ough the RFID reade r in rea d range zone , s ystem rec or de d da ta fr om the RFID tag to the da ta base s ystem . Da ta sent online to the ma nagem ent for the super vis ion of stude nts . This ease ma na geme nt to m onitor a vaila bility of boar ding sc hool students a nd access the stude nts pers onal r ecor ds . Conclus ion: This rese arch study offer im por ta nt im plica tion for monitor ing the boarding sc hool s tude nts . Although this projec t cannot c ontr ol the punc tuation of stude nt but it can ease the workloa d of school ma na geme nt a nd sa ve time.
KEY WORDS
RFID, m onitoring s ystem , pa ssive tag, boa rding sc hool
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BUILDING-UP AN AUTOMATED DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
The nee d for gather ing real-time informa tion in building a nd indus trial environme nts has increase d in rece nt years . In the building envir onme nt, along with a utoma tic utility me ter rea ding, othe r informa tion is increas ingly nee ded e.g. r oom tem pera tur es or de vic e conditions . In the indus trial environme nt, for ins ta nce in the pape r indus tr y, informa tion on pape r r eel locations is essential w hen de ve loping logistics a nd s upply c ha in mana geme nt. This paper prese nts a partic ular sys tem definition of the a utoma ted data collec tion s ys tem a nd clar ifies mana geme nt is sues . The study is based on the automated data collec tion s ys tem (ADCS). ADCS is a n ope n a nd a dva nce d pla tform e .g. for building c ontr ol a nd monitor ing s ystems . This study a lso a nalyzes ADCS data loads , qua lity of transm iss ion, a nd error se ns ibility in differe nt s yste m par tie s. By us ing ADCS infrastr ucture , the usua lly inc onve nie nt a ttac hme nt a nd registra tion of new de vice s ca n be s olve d.
KEY WORDS
Da ta c ollection, infor mation, automatiza tion, m eter rea ding
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ASSIST - AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT AND SPONGE TRACKING

ABSTRACT
Ever y sur gica l item use d dur ing s ur ger y (e .g., s ponges) m ust be acc ounted for after surger y to e nsure tha t none of thes e item s is le ft ins ide the pa tie nt. Des pite the numer ous preca utions in pla ce, in a ppr ox imately 1 in 1 500 case s, something gets left be hind ins ide the pa tients body. This pa per presents ASSIST, a n a utomate d s ys tem for s urgica l ins tr ument a nd sponge track ing that increas es the safe ty of sur gica l pr ocedures . ASSIST utilizes RFID (Ra dio Fre que nc y Ide ntification) tec hnology to a id in acc ounting for a ll item s use d dur ing s ur ger y. The des ign takes into acc ount safety, s im plic ity, ease of deployme nt, and ease of use . An initial e valua tion utilizing RFID-ta gged s ponges dem onstra tes that ASSIST ca n relia bly track s ur gical s ponges w ith minima l im pact to c urre nt operating r oom procedures . Sources of err or that ca n im pact the relia bility of the s ys tem are a ls o disc usse d.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A NOVEL VEHICLE SAFETY MODEL : VEHICLE SPEED CONTROLLER UNDER DRIVER FATIGUE
ABSTRACT
Dr iver fa tigue res ulting fr om s leep de privation or slee p dis or ders is an im por ta nt factor in the creas ing num ber of acc idents on toda y's r oads . In this pa per, we describe a rea l-time online safe ty pr ototype tha t controls the ve hic le spee d under dr iver fa tigue . The pur pose of s uc h a m ode l is to a dva nce a s ystem to de tect fatigue sym ptoms in drive rs and contr ol the s pee d of ve hicle to a void accide nts . The main c om pone nts of the s yste m c onsis ts of a sma ll cam era for rea l-time dr ivers ima ge ac quis ition, a nonlinear e ye track ing a lgorithm base d on Unsce nte d Kalman Filter for dr iver fatigue dete ction, and an a da ptive spe ed contr oller des igned us ing the the or y of s liding mode s er vo control for pr oviding prec ise pos itioning of the thr ottle valve to c ontr ol s pee d of vehic le . This s ys tem was tes te d ade quate ly in a rea lis tic dr iving e nvir onm ent with subjec ts of differe nt ge nders , w ith/w ithout glasses , da y/night driving, commerc ia l/non-c ommerc ia l dr ivers , c ontinuous driving time , a nd under differe nt roa d c onditions. The las t ex per imenta l results show the va lidity of the pr opose d m ode l for ve hic le speed c ontr oller base d on dr iver fatigue detec tion.
KEY WORDS:
Fatigue dete ction, Sliding m ode ser vo c ontr ol, Elec tr onic Thr ottle Contr ol
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC DENSITY ESTIMATION AND VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION FOR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT
It is im porta nt to k now the r oa d tra ffic de ns ity rea l time es pec ially in mega cities for s ignal c ontr ol a nd e ffec tive traffic manageme nt. In rece nt year s, video m onitoring and s ur ve illa nce s ystems ha ve bee n wide ly use d in traffic mana geme nt. He nce , tra ffic de nsity estima tion a nd vehic le c lass ifica tion ca n be ac hie ved us ing vide o monitor ing s ystems. In m ost ve hicle detec tion methods in the literature , only the detec tion of ve hic les in frames of the given vide o is emphesize d. Howe ver , further a na lysis is nee de d in or der to obtain the useful information for traffic ma nage ment s uc h as rea l tim e tra ffic de nsity a nd num ber of ve hic le types pass ing these r oa ds. This pa per pres ents vehic le c lass ification a nd tra ffic de ns ity ca lc ulation methods us ing neura l networ ks. The paper als o reports res ults fr om real traffic vide os obta ine d fr om Ista nbul Traffic Mana geme nt Com pa ny (ISBAK).
KEY WORDS
Vehic le Ide ntifica tion, Motion Detec tion, Tra ffic De nsi ty Estima tion
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A ROBUST EYE GAZE TRACKING METHOD BASED ON A VIRTUAL EYEBALL MODEL

ABSTRACT
Gaze pos itions ca n pr ovide im porta nt c ues for na tural c omputer interfa ces. In this pa per , we desc ribe a new gaze estima tion me thod base d on a three dimens ional a nalysis of the huma n e ye whic h ca n be used in head -m ounted displa y (HMD) e nvir onments . This paper prese nts four a dva nta ges over pre vious wor ks. First, in order to obta in ac cura te gaze pos itions , we use d a vir tual e ye ba ll model base d on the 3 D char acter istics of the huma n e ye ba ll. Second, we ca lc ula te d the 3 D pos ition of the virtual e ye ball and gaze vector by us ing a camer a a nd three collimate d IRLEDs. Thir d, thre e re fere nce frames (the camera , them onitor a nd the e ye refere nce frames) were unified, w hich s im plified the c omplex 3 D conver ting ca lc ulations and allowed for calcula tion of the 3 D e ye pos ition a nd gaze pos ition on a HMD monitor . Four th, a s im ple user-de pende nt ca libration method was pr opose d by gazing at one pos ition base d on Ka ppa c om pensation. Ex per ime nta l results s howe d that the e ye ga ze estima tion err or of the pr opose d method was lower tha n 1 .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A VISION-BASED PATH PLANNER/FOLLOWER FOR AN ASSISTIVE ROBOTICS PROJECT

Assistive technolog y is an em erging area w here robots can be used to help individu als w ith m otor disabilities achieve in dependence in daily living activit ies. Mobile robots should be able to autonom ously and safely m ove in the environm ent (e.g. the user apartm ent), by accur ately solving the self -localizat ion prob lem and plann ing eff icient pat hs to the t arget destinat ion specif ied b y the user. This paper presents a vision-b ased navigat ion schem e designed for Sony AIBO, in ASPICE, an assistive robotics project. The navig ation schem e is m ap -based: visual landm arks (w hite lines and coded squares) are placed in the environm ent, and the robot utilizes visual d ata t o follow the paths com posed by these landm arks, and travel to the required destinations. Perform ance of this vision- based schem e is show n by experim ents and com parison w ith tw o previously existing ASPICE n avigat ion m odes. Finally, the system is clinically valid ated, in order to obtain a defin itive assessment through patient feedback The development of service robots for healthcare and assistan ce to elderly or disabled persons is an act ive area of research. A typical use of robots in this context is directed to partial recovery of the pat ient m obility. Sem i-autonom ous navig ation system s for w heelchairs are an exam ple. In these applications, m obile robots m ust acquire a h igh degree of autonom ous operation, w hich calls for accur ate and efficient position determ ination and verification for safe navig ation in the environm ent. In m any recent w orks, this has been done by processing inform ation from the robot vision sensors [1]. Im plicit ly or explicit ly, it is im perative for a vision system meant for navigat ion to incorporate w ithin it some know ledge of the environm ent. In particular, m ap-based robot navigat ion system s can be based on user -created geom etric m odels w ithin the environm ent [2]. The vision system w ill search and identify som e know n landm arks and use them , along w ith a provided m ap, to estim ate the robot position (self -lo caliz ation ) by m atching the observation (im age) against the expect atio n (landm ark descriptions). Visual navigat ion th at uses patterns based on an identificat ion code, has been exploited in [ 3]. More recent w orks include a g uid ance system for the visually im paired, based on visual cues on the ceiling [ 4], and a lo calizat ion system for autonom ous w heelchairs based on light-em itting m arkers on the door
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIRELESS AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
Nowada ys wire less communication has bec ome ubiquitous around the w or ld and its a pplication for ga uging cons um ption of utilities by c ustomers is rapidly ga ining pace , not only in the de ve loped w or ld but also in the de ve loping c ountr ies. To introduce this c once pt in the Sulta na te of Oma n, a m odel of Wire less Automatic Me ter Rea ding System (W AMRS) has been de ve lope d, in which the wireles s c omm unica tion is base d on IEEE 802 .15.4 (ZigBee) sta ndard a nd secur ity is impleme nted by follow ing the Direc t Se que nce Sprea d Spectr um (DSSS) protocol. Succes sful de monstration of W AMRS prototype has ma de it poss ible to be im pleme nted in Oma n on a la rger sca le for mete r re ading a pplica tions .
INDEX TERMS
IEEE 802.1 5.4 ,Elec tr icity,Wire less Automatic Meter Rea ding System (W AMRS), ZigBee .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATION OF SOC ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY IN THE REMOTE READING METER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
A new rem ote rea ding me ter s ys tem base d on ZigBee technology a nd its des ign methods of s oftware and hardware is de velope d in this pa per . The MCU a nd RF m odule of the s ys tem use MC9 S08 GT6 0 a nd MC13193 manufac ture d by Free scale Compa ny. The pr oblems such as the sample method of pulse signa l, the rea lization of ZigBee wire less c omm unication port and the tr ans forming fr om ZigBee protocol to the Me ter2 Bus protoc ol are discuss ed. At last, the application va lue and the pr ospect of ZigBee tec hnology are intr oduce d.
KEY WORDS
ZigBee , Rem ote Rea ding Me ter , Signa l Sam pling.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
AN INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR EARLY W ARNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE IN ROAD TRAFFIC
ABSTRACT
The pre sented system take s the advantage of informationcommunica tion technol ogy, ICT and introduce s wirele ss ne tworks methodology i nto vehicle s and road infra structure for a si gni fi cant enhancement of road traffic safe ty. Warning signal s are transmitted to the back of colum n of vehicle s and i t enable s the di stant dri ve rs to stop in time or to make such opera tion automati cally. Large scale sim ulations for di fferent tra ffi c conditi ons have been carried out. They show that in a pile-up scenario the number of colli sions de crea se s from nearl y 100% to zero a s the penetrati on of new system (i -rada r) increa se s from 0 to 100%. Even a t 50% penetra tion almost all heavy colli sions are excluded and the other colli si ons reduced twice.
INDEX TERMS
Road traffic, wirele ss networks, colli sion avoidance, sim ulations Automoti ve sa fety, i n term s of fa talitie s/i njurie s pe r kilometer driven, ha s been steadily improvi ng. De spite thi s trend, the si tuati on on roads i s far from sati sfa ctory.
Only in USA about 5 million acc ide nts are registere d a year, which account for $200 billion in dama ge pr operty, 3 m illion of injuries a nd 40 thousands of k illed. In order to further reduce the num ber of r oa d accidents the c omm unicationbased active safety is viewed as the next logica l step towards wha t is calle d the proactive or ICT s ystems . The y pr ovide a n exte nde d hor izon of information to warn the dr iver or ve hicle of pote ntia lly da nger ous s ituation m uc h ear lier .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
The firs t comm unication-based sa fety s yste m was the automotive radar [1 ]. It is still a pplie d, mainly in form of Ada ptive Cr uise Control (ACC) in lux ur y autom obiles like BMW, AUDI, HONDA a nd others . There are se veral vers ions of a uto- ra dars opera ting in ba nds 24 , 40 , 6 3 a nd 76/7 GHz. Hence, rece ntly the inte gration tria ls has bee n under take n [2]. The c ommon lim ita tion of the fr ont -end auto-ra dar is its high c ost and s hort range of contr ol, whic h prac tic ally does not excee d the dista nce to the prece ding ve hicle (~100 m). If the inter-vehic le s pac ing in colum n (pla toon) is com para ble w ith the brake dis ta nce, the opera tion of this rada r is c orrec t. Bu t, routine ly, this is not the case . He nce , the c onve ntiona l a uto-radar ca n not guar antee the sa fety in c olumn dr ive, beca use the acc ident of one ve hicle in c olum n dr ive affects the other ve hicle s.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF SHORT-RANGE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES TO INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION: A ZIGBEE APPROACH

ABSTRACT
Bluetooth, ultra-w ideba nd (UW B), ZigBee , and Wi-Fi are four popular wire less standar ds for s hor t-ra nge c omm unications . Specifically, ZigBee netw ork is an emerging tec hnology des igne d for low cost, low power cons um ption and lowrate wire less pers ona l area ne tworks (LR-WPAN) with a foc us on the de vicele ve l c omm unication for e na bling the w ire less sens or netw orks . In this pa per , after a br ie f over view of the four s hort-range w irele ss sta ndards, the de ve loped ZigBee pla tforms , ITRI ZBnode , ha ve bee n prese nte d for wireles s sensor ne twork ing a pplica tions . More over , design issues for ZigBee industr ia l applications a nd the ex per imenta l im plementation ha ve be en dem ons trate d via a m ulti-hop tree ne twork .
INDEX TERMS
ZigBee , wire less se nsor netw orks , s hort-r ange wire less communication, industr ia l c ontrol s ys tems .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS STAND-ALONE PORTABLE PATIENT MONITORING AND LOGGING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
In this pa per , we pr opose a w ire less sta nd-a lone, em be dde d s ystem des ign tha t inte grates the m onitor ing of three biome dica l parameters into a s ingle pers ona l medica l de vice . The three parameters are : blood gluc ose le ve l, heart rate, a nd pulse ox ime tr y. The goa l of this work is to build a com pac t and cost-e ffec tive de vice ca pable of monitor ing se vera l me dica l parame ters w hile patie nts conduct their norm al da ily activities , a nd store thes e parameter rea dings in an em bedde d s ys tem base d porta ble de vice . A c omm unica tion protoc ol a nd pa tie nt m onitor ing s oftware applic ation are de ve lope d to store data tha t can be la ter dow nloa de d to a phys ic ians worksta tion for a na lys is a nd diagnos is.
INDEX TERMS
Wireles s Em be dded Sys tems , Pa tient Monitor ing Syste ms, e-Hea lthcar e, Hea lthcare informatics
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ZIGBEE DEVICE ACCESS CONTROL AND RELIABLE DATA TRANSMISSION IN ZIGBEE BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
One user s hea lth m onitoring s ystem has a few ZigBee de vices to meas ure one user s phys iologica l da ta . Eve n if there are a lot of ZigBee de vices nearby, the com munication s hould be acc epted betwee n only one us ers ZigBee de vices . So, the ac cess c ontr ol s hould be im plemente d be caus e there ca n be a lot of ZigBee de vices near by. There is a n access c ontr ol in MAC la yer but we des ign and im plement it in applicat ion la yer to handle conve nie ntly. The phys iologic al data m us t not be los t but a wire less c omm unica tion suc h as zigbee ca n lose a da ta. So, this paper proposes the re lia ble data tra nsm iss ion not to lose a phys iological data in zigbee base d hea lth m onitor ing s ys tem .
KEY WORDS
ZigBee , Hea lth Monitor ing System
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
EMBEDDED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON VOICE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

ABSTRACT
The pa per re por ts one Micr oc ontr oller car w hic h proc esses spe ech -LINGYA NG SPCE061 A m icr oc hip form ing Spee ch Rec ognition Syste m. The Spe ech Rec ognition s ystem not only has high rec ognizable verac ity, small volume , ec onom y-power cons um ption, lower c ost, high operation spe ed and rea l-time spe ech rec ognition. Furtherm ore, the func tion of s peec h cue offers a fa vora ble inter face for human-c omputer intera ction in the s ys tem . These c haracte ris tics embody fully pre dom ina nce of the em be dde d s peec h rec ognition.
INDEX TERMS
Em be dde d System ; Speec h Re cognition; SPCE06 A Microc ontr oller ; Smar t Car
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ULTRA LOW POWER WIRELESS WEATHER STATION

Curre ntly the a ppeara nce of rea lly low power w ire less tra nsce ivers a t ver y low pr ices is m otiva ting the de velopme nt of ma ny w ire less a pplica tions out of the industr ia l fie ld, whic h up to now tur n to be lar ge in size and expe ns ive . We prese nt the des ign of a tiny a nd low c ost Wirele ss Weather Sta tion to meas ure accurate tem perature (0.1C), rela tive hum idity (3 %), light intensity a nd atmos pher ic pres sure (0.8 hPa). These dir ect c limatic varia bles a nd others indire ctly atta ina ble , like the dewpoint, w ind chill, etc , are rea dable thr ough a we b pa ge . The c hose n s ens ors are fac tor y ca libra te d a nd ha ve a digita l interface . The Wea ther Sens or Nodes are a ble to a chie ve ultra low power cons um ption (40 A a vera ge), allowing a single s uper ca pac itor to power them for 52 da ys. Intr oduc tion & relate d work Nowada ys a clima te cha nge is be ing disc usse d. Its a na lys is re quires the dee p k nowle dge of the weather var iations, by w hich is of vita l im porta nce to monitor cer tain parameter s like tem pera tur e, re lative humidity, and atm os pher ic press ure , am ong others like CO2 . By the other ha nd, s ome ec onomic sectors like touris m a nd a griculture strongly de pe nds on the weather fore cast a nd the meas ureme nt of the pre vious ly me ntione d parameter s. Conseque ntly, the k now le dge of the weather is wak ing-up the interes t of s ome loca l adm inis trations like city halls and com pa nies like beac h hotels or controlle d micr oc limates like se ver al gree n houses . There are many c ommerc ia l sc ie ntific Wea ther Stations , like the ones fr om Ore gon, Da vis or Vaisala as ex ample . Some of them are w ireless, ac cura te a nd Figure 1 . Conce ptua l view of the s ystem . a utonomous but us ua lly tur n to be ver y expens ive , lar ge in s ize , a nd ha ve lar ge power c onsum ption. Wire less Sens or Ne tworks (WSNs ) based on IEEE 802 .15 .4 [1] ha ve bee n des igne d for ver y low power and low volta ge opera tion with a low cos t and low effective data ra te. The y are be ing e va luate d on ma ny a pplication areas , ra nging fr om the animals e nvir onm ent a nalys is [2], [3 ] a nd the Ear ths e nvir onm ent analys is (climate c ha nge , volca noes a nd Earthquakes [4]) to medica l a nd c linic al research [5], am ong ma ny others . Thus , a n a pplica tion like the Wire less Weather Station ca n take a dva nta ge of all the bene fits that the WSNs pr ovide .
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SW ARM ROBOT SYNCHRONIZATION USING RFID TAGS

ABSTRACT
The las t pr ogress in the per vas ive com puting fie ld ha s le d to the distr ibution of k nowle dge a nd c om puta tiona l power in the e nvir onme nt, rather than conde ns ing it in a single , powerful entity. This al lows age nts to be ha ve like insects in a swarm , that ca n fulfil a task c omm unica ting direc tly or indirectly among them . Following this vision of Am bient Inte llige nce, our w ork proposes a straightforwar d solution to c oor dinate a swarm of r obots tha t ha ve l ow com putationa l ca pa bilities . All the informa tion and ins tr uctions are found in RFID ta gs that are use d as a pe r vasive m emor y distr ibute d in the envir onment. These r obots exploit ubiquitous c om puting to make a forma tion in spac e, sync hronise with tea m mates in the same zone , and finally complete a coopera tive ta sk. Before im plementing the solution in a rea l sce nar io, we show the va lida tion of our a lgor ithm in a s imula tion envir onme nt.
INDEX TERMS
Distr ibute d; Task ; Comple tion; Multi-Robot; Sync hr onisa tion, Sponta neous Comm unica tion.
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SMART CONFIGURABLE WIRELESS - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL MONITORING AND CONTROL
ABSTRACT
Inte llige nt w ireless se nsor-base d c ontrols ha ve draw n industr y atte ntion on account of reduce d c os ts, be tter power ma na geme nt, e ase in ma inte nanc e, and effortless de ployment in rem ote a nd hard -to-re ach areas . The y ha ve be en success fully de ployed in many industr ia l a pplications suc h as Ma inte nanc e, monitor ing, c ontr ol, sec ur ity, etc . This prese nta tion focuse s on researc h tha t addresses the iss ues face d by instr ume ntation s ys tems and pre dictive ma intenance industr ia l applications and prese nts a des ign s olution to cater to the iss ues face d by these applica tions . Ins trum entation s ystems a re e ither ope n or c lose d loop c ontr ol sys tems for med using se ns ors and actuators with the obje ctive of c ontr olling certain paramete rs, or sta te of the s ys tem . The sys tem elements are alwa ys in c omm unica tion with eac h other , typica lly, requir ing rea l-time performa nce and built-in fa ult-tolera nce for comm unica tion/node failure - to re tur n to a sa fe-s tate in a de term inistic amount of time. Pre dic tive-ma inte na nce involves track ing phys ica l state of equipme nt or mac hine , a nd to take action, if an acce pta ble or a llowed s tate (s) is violate d. Predictive -ma inte nanc e applica tions are not active a ll the tim e in Or der to conser ve e ner gy. The se ns ors are e ither periodic or e vent-base d; the y wake up, c heck sta tus a nd go back to s lee p. In case of a ny violation, the y ra ise an alarm or rec ord the digress ion. The y are ver y useful in kee ping mac hine dow ntimes low a nd he lp locate the problem before the mac hine breaks dow n. Typica l s ys tems em ploy differe nt types of se nsor s (e .g., pos ition, acceler ometers, gyr os , etc .) a nd actua tors (e .g., motors) often de ploy ed w ithin the same ne twork , ha ving diffe rent ca pabilities , interfaces , a nd supporting differe nt pr otoc ols for data a nd comm unications . Formation of s ys tems from s uch dive rse distr ibuted se nsor e leme nts entails versa tile contr ol m odules , w hic h unde rsta nd d iffere nt s ens or pr otoc ols a nd utilize them .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
In a ddition, the opera tiona l c ha lle nges ar e exacer ba ted whe n differe nt RF links ha ve to be used to sa tisfy the re quire ments of ba ndwidth, pa yloa d, de la y, jitter , range , noise imm unity and other s (inc luding c ost) for comm unica tion. The Smar t Sens or Platform disc usse d in this prese ntation is an attempt to de ve lop a ge neric pla tform with a plug-a nd-pla y capa bility to s upport har dware inter face , pa yloa d and communications nee ds of m ultiple iner tial and pos ition se ns ors , a nd a ctuators /m otors used in ins tr umentation s ystems and pre dictive ma intenance a pplica tions . Comm unica tion is carr ied out us ing a RF link (Wi -Fi, Blue tooth, Mote or RFID), in a point to point topology. The design als o provides mea ns to update operating a nd m onitor ing parame ters , and thr esholds as well as sens or a nd RF link spec ific firmware m odules over-the -air". It is c ompose d of two ma in com pone nts - a se ns or-w ireless har dware interface a nd s ystem inte gration framework , whic h fac ilita tes the defining of interaction be tween sens ors /actuators base d on pr ocess nee ds. The inte llige nce necessar y to process the sensor s igna ls , m onitor the functions a gains t defined opera tiona l templa tes, a nd ena ble swa pping of sens or a nd RF link re ! Sides on the m icr o controller of the har dware interfac e. A va rie ty of indus tr ial m otion s ens ors like gyr osc opes, Iner tia l Meas ureme nt Units (IMU), linear pos ition sens ors , abs olute and increme nta l encoders a nd Br us h less DC m otors , ha ve bee n inter face d and s uccessfully teste d with the platform . KEYWORDS Wireles s Se nsors ; Intelligent Monitor ing; Smart Sensing; Industr ia l Control
SMART CONFIGURABLE WIRELESS - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL MONITORING AND CONTROL
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SENSOR NETWORKS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Industr ia l a pplica tions are m oving fr om ce ntr alize d architectures towards distr ibuted ones, tha nks to c ost effective ness , better flex ibility, sca la bility, reliability a nd diagnostic functiona lities . The use of se nsors in industr ia l c omm unications impr oves overall pla nt performa nce s ince sensor information can be use d by s e vera l equipments a nd share d on the Web. A com munication s yste m s uita ble for c om puters a nd PLCs , that exc ha nges a large amount of data with soft rea l-time c ons tra ins, can be har dly a da pte d to se nsor s, es pec ia lly to s im ple a nd low -c ost ones. In fact, the se de vices typically re quire a c yc lic, is oc hronous a nd har d rea ltime excha nge of few da ta. For this reason, spec ific fie ldbuses ha ve bee n wide ly use d to rea lize indus trial s ens or netw orks , while high-le ve l indus trial comm unica tion s ystems take adva ntage of Ethe rne t/Inter ne t and, more recently, wire less te chnologies . In these years , Ether net-base d solutions that mee t rea l-tim e operation require ments , calle d Rea l-Time Ether net, are re placing tra ditiona l fie ldbuses and res earc h ac tivities in real-time wire less se ns or ne twork ing a re gr owing. In this pa per , following an over view of the sta te-of-art of rea l-time sens or netw orks for industr ia l a pplications, pr oble ms and possible a ppr oac hes to solve the m are prese nte d, with par tic ular refere nce to methods a nd instr ume ntation for per form ance meas ureme nt.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
REMOTE-CONTROLLABLE AND ENERGY-SAVING ROOM ARCHITECTURE BASED ON ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION

ABSTRACT
This pa per pr oposes rem ote-c ontr olla ble a nd ener gy-sa ving r oom arc hitecture to re duce sta ndby power c ons um ption and to make the r oom easily contr olla ble with an IR rem ote c ontr ol of a home applia nce . To realize the pr opose d r oom arc hitecture , we pr opose d a nd de signe d the a utomatic standby power c ut-off outlet and a ZigBee controller w ith IR code lear ning functionality. The pr opose d power outlet m onitors the power c ons um ption for the pre determ ine d time and completely c uts off the power s upply w he n the monitor ed power is be low the thres hold. This power outle t has a func tion of cha nging the thres hold power , whic h ena bles a ny kinds of home a pplia nces to be applied to the power outlet. To e ffic iently ma na ge the power outle ts and the lights, we pr oposed the ZigBee controller w ith IR c ode lear ning functionality. The ZigBee c ontr oller has se ver al onboar d buttons to wake up the power outlets and c ontr ol the dimming light. By using IR c ode lear ning func tiona lity, the ZigBee c ontr oller can ass ign a cer tain IR c ode of a rem ote contr ol of a home applianc e to the power outlet or the dimm ing light. A user ca n c ontr ol the power outle ts a nd the dimming light w ith a n IR rem ote contr ol of a ny home appliance . Our pr oposed r oom arc hitecture pr ovides the remote -c ontr olla ble a nd ene rgy-sa ving r oom1.
INDEX TERMS
ZigBee , Rem ote Contr ol, IR, Ener gy-sa ving, Power Outlet, Standby Power
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REMOTE CONTROLLING OF HOME APPLIANCES USING MOBILE TELEPHONY

ABSTRACT
In m oder n to ge t our contr olle d away fr om da ys, we m ust use var ious high -tec h mac hinerie s and e quipme nts jobs done and m ake the life eas ier . These machiner ies s hould be by the home owner fr om any loc ation as the hom eow ner m ight be home at w ork plac e or tra ve ling in a diffe rent place in the weeke nd.
Thus a s ystem of rem ote monitor ing a nd c ontrolling are ve r y muc h ne cessar y. Smart home is one of these types of s ystem e quippe d with home a pplia nces whic h we wis h to c ontr ol s martly fr om a nywhe re. Some pr oducts are commerc ia lly a va ila ble which a llow rem ote home a pplia nce c ontr olling thr ough inter net whic h is undoubte dly emer ging. But it la cks the true se nse of rea l mobility a nd secur ity, mak ing the rem ote home a pplia nce c ontr olling a lim ite d term tha n it is s uppose d to be . In sear ch of a tr ue remote and ade quate ly secur e solution to be rea lly effective a nd practica ble, m obile tele phony is better tha n a ny other solutions . Mobile phones ha ve bec ome a lm ost a n inse para ble part of c ivil lives toda y. In this pa per we intr oduce a new mechanism s o that the or dinar y ser vices of the m obile phones can be le veraged to c ommunica te wit h and c ontr ol the home a pplia nces a nd m ake our homes a rea lly s mart one .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PROVIDING GROUP TOUR GUIDE BY RFIDS AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

ABSTRACT
This pa per proposes a new a pplication framework for gr oup tour guiding services base d on RFIDs a nd wir eless se ns or ne tworks . We cons ide r a sens ing fie ld m ixed w ith m ultiple inde pe ndent tourist groups , eac h with a lea der and se vera l mem bers . Members of a gr oup will follow the m oving pa th of the ir lea der , but ma y occas iona lly r oam a round ra ndom ly on t he ir ow n interests . Se ns or nodes ha ve to track lea ders locations a nd maintain guiding pa ths from members to lea ders . A mem ber ma y inquire w here his /her lea der is , a nd a leade r ma y reca ll his/her mem bers . We pr opose a feas ible solution to suc h a n a pplica tion by us ing exis ting tec hnologies a nd off -the-s he lf compone nts . A gr oup guiding pr otocol is prese nted. The des ign e na bles re lia ble group guiding at low cost a nd low tra ffic loa d. Our pr ototyping s yste m is re por te d and s ystem performa nce is disc usse d.
INDEX TERMS
Na vigation, per vas ive com puting, RFID, tour guiding, w ire less sens or netw ork .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS ENERGY METER

This pa per descr ibe s the ongoing de velopme nt of a n Ener gy Meter (EM) with an inte rface to a wire less se ns or ne twork base d on I EEE 802 .15 .4 tec hnology.
INTRODUCTION
In the age of ec ological awareness , a nd the c onclus ion tha t e ner gy should not be was ted, it is nece ssar y to investigate the places w here electr ica l e ner gy is consume d. The effective e ner gy usa ge of a de vice ca n ofte n be de term ined by monitor ing the ac cor ding e lectr ica l de vic es over a long spac e of time . The meas ur ing ca n ea sily be done by s imple Energy Me ters fr om the loca l doit-yourse lf store . But some time s the lim ited functiona lity of these meters also limits the ir area of a pplica tion. If, for exam ple , a refr igerator sha ll be measure d, the power c or d ma y not be eas ily ac cessible . And most of the s tandar d Wir eles s Ener gy Me ters show their ca lc ulations on a small displa y directly on the meter . A s olution is a Wire less Ener gy Meter whic h is a ble to tra nsm it its meas ure d data wirelessly to a com puter . There the data ca n be inter prete d and ma ybe e ve n com pare d to da ta from other wireles sly c onne cte d de vices .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WIRELESS HEALTHCARE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR HOME

ABSTRACT
A hea lthca re m onitoring s ys tem is presente d in this pa per . This s ys tem is base d on ultra -low power sensor nodes a nd a pers ona l ser ver, w hich is bas ed on ha rdware a nd s oftware extens ions to a Pers onal Digita l Ass is tant (PDA) / Smartphone . The sens or node c ollects data fr om the body of a patie nt a nd se nds it to the pers ona l ser ver w here the data is pr ocesse d, dis pla ye d a nd ma de ready to be sent to a he althc are ne twork , if nec essar y. The pe rsona l ser ver cons ists of a c om pact low power rece iver modu le a nd equippe d with a Smar tphone software . The rece iver m odule takes less tha n 30 30 mm boa rd s ize a nd c ons umes appr ox imate ly 25 m A in active m ode.
KEY WORDS
Hea lthcare Monitor ing, Se ns or Node , Pers onal Ser ver , W ire less .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WHEELCHAIR TYPE BIOMEDICAL SYSTEM WITH EVENT-RECORDER FUNCTION

ABSTRACT
The pres ent study is a bout a biome tr ic s ystem for a whee lc ha ir, w hich c an measure both bio-s igna l (ECG-Electr ocar diogram , BCG-Ba llis tocardiogram) and kine tic s ignal (acce leration) s im ulta neous ly a nd sen d the da ta to a rem ote medical ser ver. The equipment was de velope d with the object of building a s ys tem that measures the bio-s igna l and kine tic s igna l of a subject who is m oving or at rest on a w hee lchair a nd tra nsm its the mea sure d signa ls to a rem ote s er ver thr ough a CDMA (Code Divis ion Multiple Access) netw ork. The e quipme nt is com pose d of body area network a nd rem ote me dic al ser ver . The body area networ k was designed to obtain bio-s igna l a nd k ine tic signal sim ulta neous ly a nd, on the occ urre nce of an e vent, to tra nsm it da ta to a remote me dical ser ver thr ough a CDMA ne twork . The rem ote me dic al ser ver was des igne d to dis pla y e ve nt da ta tra nsm itte d fr om the body are a networ k in real time . The performa nce of the de ve lope d s ys tem was evaluated thr ough two experime nts. First, we meas ure d batter y life on the occ urre nce of e ve nts , a nd sec ond, we teste d whether biometr ic data are tra nsmitte d acc urate ly to the rem ote ser ver on the occurrence of a n e ve nt. In the firs t ex periment using the de ve loped equipme nt, e ve nts were tr iggered 16 times a nd the ba tter y w orke d sta bly for around 29 hours . In the sec ond ex per ime nt, whe n a n e ve nt took place , the c orres ponding data were transm itted acc urate ly to the remote medica l ser ver through a CDMA netw ork . This s yste m is ex pec ted to be usable for the hea lthcare of those moving on a wheelc ha ir a nd a pplica ble to a m obile hea lthcare s ystem
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WEARABLE RFID-ENABLED SENSOR NODES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT
A wear able RFID-ena ble d se ns or node for continuous biome dica l mon itor ing is inves tiga ted in this paper. Die lectr ic c harac terization of fa br ic s ubstra tes, ink jet -printing of c onductive na no-pa rticle s ilve r ink , des ign of RFID ante nna s a nd inte gra tion of sens or active a nd passive de vices were disc usse d in this pa per . Pre liminar y exper ime nts s how that the RFID-e na bled se ns or node could be effective for biome dica l a pplic ations .
INTRODUCTION
The gr owing dema nd for economic, low power , conforma l a nd durable wireles s nodes w ith se ns ing ca pa bilities is dr ive n by a pplica tions s uc h as : item -le vel track ing of tem perature a nd hum idity, pharmace utic al logis tic s, trans port a nd s torage of me dica l pr oduc ts and bio-s ens ing. The major challe nge in this type of a pplica tions is the nee d for low -c ost ec ofrie ndly wire less sensor nodes tha t ca n be eas ily im plemente d out in differe nt environme nts . Ra dio Fre que nc y Identification (RFID) is a low-c ost c om pact wire less technology, whic h is not lim ite d by Line of Sight re quir ements to comm unica te with an interr ogator and conve y infor mation c once rning the location a nd the sta tus of a n item, tha t has been a lrea dy applied to inve ntor y tracking and ma na geme nt, reta il le ve l ma na geme nt, access c ontr ol, a nim al tracking, medica l anticounter fe iting, sec urity, and e lectr onic toll collection. Late ly, RFID tec hnology has starte d ge tting use d into individual use c ontexts as well. Wearable RFID-e nable d se ns or is s uc h a bra nc h a ttrac ting str ong interest a nd will soon be come a nother fas t gr owing field in a pplica tion-or ie nte d researc h. Flexible , re liable a nd c om pact weara ble RFID-e na bled sens or nodes are require d in or der to esta blis h a nd ma inta in a fast and sec ure d body-area netw ork .
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
To rea lize optim ize d de signs , it is necessar y to determine the influe nce of substra te on the e lectr oma gnetic performa nce of the se ns or node , es pec ially the a nte nna par t. Mater ia l c haracter ization w ith re sonator methods will be a m ust to include the considera tion of e ffects of the tex tiles in the des ign pr oce dur e. In the next step, a UHF RFID ta g will be optim ize d, de ploying ink jetpr inting as a fast direct-wr ite s olution to fabr ica te the RFID a nte nna direc tly on flex ible ec ofrie ndly or ga nic ma terials . The direct-wr ite technology a lso pr ovides the feasibility to ha ve a ll-pr inte d weara ble RFID tag inte grate d w ith s ens ors a nd power s ources. A s ugges ted outline of RFID/se nsor inte gration will be illustr ate d. The wearable RFID-e na bled se ns or node can pote ntia lly find br oa d usa ge in real-time monitor ing a nd me dical monitor ing a pplica tions . In this inte grated module , the sens or par t will detec t the c ondition of the pa tient, s uc h as body tempera ture, a nd tra nsm it the s igna l out thr ough the use of the RFID section. The readers im pleme nte d over the hos pital w ill gather the information transm itte d by the RFID, and tr igger the ala rm to notify the doctors if some severe c ondition informa tion is de tecte d. There for e, rea l-time biome dic al monitor ing can be rea lize d with the a id fr om RFID w ithout adding m ore labor force . In a ddition, extra informa tion, s uc h as the rec omme nded patie nts dr ug dosage could be inc lude d a lso in the RFID m odule of the RFID-e na bled sens or node to m inimize the r isk of overdose or wrong trea tme nt. A s imilar methodology ca n be extende d to the de velopme nt of biose ns ors and wire less body area netw orks
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
THE ROLE OF ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
ZigBee is a n IEEE 802 .15 .4 standar d for data communications with business and cons umer de vices. It is des igne d ar ound low -power cons um ption a llow ing batteries to ess entia lly last fore ver . The ZigBee s tandar d pr ovides ne twork , sec ur ity, a nd a pplication s upport services opera ting on top of the IEEE 802 .15 .4 Me dium Access Contr ol (MAC) and Physica l La yer (PHY) w ireless sta ndard. It em ploys a s uite of tec hnologies to e na ble sca la ble, self-or ga nizing, se lf-hea ling ne tworks that c an mana ge var ious data traffic patter ns. ZigBee is a low-c os t, low-power, wireles s mes h ne twork ing sta ndar d. The low cost a llows the tec hnology to be wide ly de ploye d in wire less c ontr ol a nd monitor ing a pplica tions , the low power-usa ge a llows longer life w ith s maller batteries, a nd the me sh netw ork ing provides high re lia bility a nd lar ger ra nge. ZigBee has bee n de ve loped to m eet the gr owing dema nd for ca pable wire less netw ork ing be tween numer ous low power de vices . In industr y ZigBee is be ing use d for next gene ration a utomate d ma nufactur ing, with sma ll tr ansm itters in ever y de vice on the floor, a llow ing for comm unication betwee n de vices to a centra l c om puter . This new le vel of c omm unication perm its fine ly-tuned remote m onitoring and ma nipulation.
KEY WORDS
Medium Access Control (MAC), Phys ical La yer (PHY), W irele ss Pers onal Area Ne twork ing (W PAN), Ope n Sys tems Inter connection (OSI)
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SMART WIRELESS TEMPERATURE DATA LOGGER USING IEEE 802.15.4 / ZIGBEE PROTOCOL
ABSTRACT
This Paper pr opose d a por ta ble w ire less data ac quis ition s ystem for tempera ture in rea l time pr ocess dynamic s. Proc ess var iables (like tempera ture, press ure, flow, le ve l) var y with time in cer tain applications a nd this var iation s hould be re cor de d so tha t a control action can ta ke place at a defined se t point This pa per proposes a n 8 bit em bedde d platform for a s ens or ha ving a netw ork inter face us ing the 8 02.15 .4 , ZigBee pr otoc ol, that is s pec ially des igne d for the se ns ors netw ork. The ZigBee pr otocol is a wire less technology de velope d as an ope n globa l sta ndar d to address the unique nee ds of low-c ost, low power , wire less se ns ors ne twork . This w ire less data logger sens es a nd m onitors the var ia tions in the loc al tempera ture ther eby tra nsm its the da ta w ithin the ra nge to a n ass igned embe dde d pr ocess or base d ser ver . Rece ive d tem pera ture is dis pla ye d on a local liquid cr ysta l dis pla y (LCD) on ass igned ser ver a nd s imultane ous ly on a com puter .
INDEX TERMS
Tem perature Algor ithm Se ns or , Em be dde d Contr oller , ZigBee Pr otocol, Contr ol
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OILFIELD BASED ON EMBEDDED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

ABSTRACT
The sec urity ma na geme nt s ystem is descr ibe d in this paper . System str ucture of w ire less sec ur ity a dopts tw o le ve l str ucture . The first le vel is c ons ist of some remote contr ollers and a la uncher , whic h is inc lude wireles s burglar alarm , fa ult alarm , power-off alar m, se lf -chec king alarm a nd some wire less night patr ol point. The second le ve l is c ons ist of a w ire less rece iver a nd a wire less a larm contr oller in the s ystem . The core of a w ire less rece iver a nd s ome launc hers adopt a dvanced e mbe dde d tec hnology. It ca n impr ove the le vel of oilfie ld secur ity, e nhance its the sec urity c heck ing, stre ngthe n the ma na geme nt of its the digitaliza tion a nd informa tization, It has the im porta nt significa nce a nd soc ial a nd ec onom ic bene fits for the de penda bility a nd the c ontr olla bility of remote c omm unica tion. KEYWORDS Secur ity Ma nagem ent constr uction
Syste m,
Wirele ss
comm unication,
Em be dded
Us ing w irele ss and compute r tec hnologies , a secur ity mana ging s ys tem is des igne d, whic h ca n be us ed for both are as of gua rd a ga inst the ft a nd night patr ol. The first le ve l is c ons is t of a la unc her a n d some rem ote c ontr oller s, whic h inc lude wire less bur glar a larm, fault alarm , power -off a larm , selfcheck ing a larm and s ome w ire less night pa trol point. The la uncher , w hich is more tha n 1W, is a w ire less rece iver , a nother is a wire less tra nsmitter , it receives the information of the fr ont-e nd a larm e quipme nts a nd can se nd message by the w ire less tra nsm itter. The second le ve l is c ons ist of a w ire less rece iver a nd a wire less a larm contr oller in the s ystem . The func tion of a w ire less r eceiver ca n r eceive the information of s ome fr ont e nd la unc hers and send it to PC thr ough RS232 comm unica tion. This s ys tem is of muc h be nefit to night pa trol and ala rm of diversification ma na ger and adds the safety of oilfie ld. The problem of the oil wells e quipme nt una tte nded ca n is s olve d.
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
THE ELECTRONIC PASSPORT AND THE FUTURE OF GOVERNMENT-ISSUED RFID-BASED IDENTIFICATION

ABSTRACT
Passpor ts and other identification documents ma y be e nha nce d using rece nt adva nceme nts in tec hnology. Various na tiona l and inte rna tiona l bodies are pursuing mac hine-rea da ble appr oac hes with biome tric information. In partic ular , the Inter national Civil Aviation Or ga nization (ICAO) has a dopted standar ds wher eby pass ports ca n store biom etr ic ide nt ifiers . Countr ies that partic ipate in the Visa Wa iver Pr ogram (VWP) bega n iss uing ele ctr onic pass por ts in 2006 . Howe ve r, the se lection of tec hnologies r emains questiona ble due to pr ivac y a nd security concer ns . This paper examines polic y re garding the se elec tronic appr oac hes a nd de ve lopme nts towar d elec tr onic data stora ge and tra nsm iss ion. Radiofreque nc y ide ntifica tion (RFID) de vices for elec tr onic pa sspor ts and other existing ide ntity doc ume nts are disc ussed.
KEY WORDS
Elec tronic Pass port, Biome tr ics , RFID
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PATH PLANNING AUTOMATED GUIDED ROBOT

ABSTRACT
This projec t c oncer ns the design a nd fabrica tion of the Automate d Guided Robot (AGR) prototype , utilizing ge netic algor ithm (GA) as a ma inframe in he lping the r obot to generate a self-under sta nding of the ar ea of work a nd mobiliza tion to a destination des ire d by the user . The main objective of this pr oject is to create a nd de ve lop a Path Planning Mobile Robot a ble to a void obsta cles in its path a nd reac h a targe t des ignated position fr om its star ting point utilizing 4 wheel-based r over body, se nsor s, linear m otors a nd m icr oc ontr ollers . The pa per descr ibes the design proc ess of the AGR de velopme nt, fr om the initia tion of idea to de ve lopment of algor ithms , to virtual pr ototype de ve lopme nt of AGR mec ha nis ms and c ontr oller boa rd, to fa br ication, to mobility, obs tacle a voidance a nd pa th pla nning test. Two me thods of path pla nning are prese nte d, using c ompass be aring in unde term ine d s pace and pre de termine d pa th. Obs tac le avoidance and pa th planning algor ithms has been tes te d us ing the c om plete d des ign of AGR body.
INDEX TERMS
Fee dbac k, Ge netic Algor ithms , Magnetic Com pass , Obs tac le Avoida nce , Pa th Pla nning, Robotics Control Sys tem
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FRAMEWORK FOR PERVASIVE HEALTH MONITORING

ABSTRACT
Rece nt years ha ve show n im press ive gr owth in the de ve lopme nt of per vas ive hea lthcare s ys tems , whic h are pr imar ily be ing designe d to pr ovide eme rge nc y and pre ve ntive hea lthcare to c itize ns anyw here /a nytime using wire d a nd wireles s m obile technologies . This pa per prese nts a n e -hea lthca re framew ork with pe r vasive se nsor ne twork for the disa ble d and e lder ly pe ople . A home healthcare ser ver collects user hea lth informa tion a nd s ends the data in case of emer ge nc y to a doc tor or guardia n in order to ac hie ve a per va sive inte llige nt hea lthcare s ystem . Be yond e-hea lthcare ser vice , as a pr im itive a pplic ation for per vas ive hea lthcare ser vice us ing m obile Inter net, we studied the rea l-time hea lthmonitor ing ser vice for the disa ble d a nd e lder ly people w ith a n inexpens ive and e ffec tive We b ser ver . Prelim inar y res ults are prese nte d in the c ontex t of a larger future inte gration with the per vas ive hea lthcare framew ork
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4

NCCT
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
FOREST FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON A ZIGBEE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Com pare d with the tra ditiona l tec hniques of for est fire de tection, a wire less sens or netw ork para digm base d on a ZigBee technique was propose d. The pr opose d tec hnique is in re al time , give n the ex ige nc ies of forest fire s. The architec tur e of a wire less sens or network for fores t fire detec tion is descr ibed. The hardware cir cuitr y of the ne twork node is de signe d based on a CC2430 c hip. The pr ocess of data tra nsm iss ion is disc usse d in detail. Environme ntal parameters such as temperature a nd hum idity in the fores t re gion ca n be monitor ed in rea l tim e. From the informa tion collecte d by the s yste m, dec isions for fire fighting or fir e pre ve ntion ca n be ma de more quick ly by the rele va nt governm ent de partments .
KEY WORDS
Wireles s Sens or Netw ork , Fire Detec tion, Ne twork Sys tem , Ne twork Node, Da ta Tra nsm iss ion
NCCT, 28235816 , 93801 02 891, 9 84 11 9 322 4


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