Power Transmission

Suresh Bhakta Shrestha Asst. Professor & In-charge Department of Mechanical Engineering

Clutches
Requirements
(1)Torque transmission (2)Gradual engagement (3)Heat dissipation (4)Dynamic balancing (5)Vibration damping (6)Size (7)Inertia (8)Clutch free pedal play (9)Ease of operation

Principle of Friction Clutch

Figure 1: Principle of Friction Clutch

Factors Affecting Clutch Operation

TABLE 1: COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION FOR CLUTCH FACING MATERIALS

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Material Leather Cork Cotton Fabric Asbestos-base materials

Coefficient of friction 0.27 0.37 0.4-0.5 0.35-0.4

Dry Friction Clutches

TYPES
Cone clutch Single plate clutch Multiplate clutch Semi-centrifugal clutch Centrifugal clutch

Figure 2: Cone Clutch

Single Plate Clutch

Figure 3: Single Plate Clutch

Single Plate Clutch

Figure 5: Single Plate Clutch for Tata Truck

Figure 4: Simplified diagram showing the working of Single Plate Clutch

Multiplate Clutch

Figure 6: Multiplate Clutch

Transmission
Functions
1) To provide a means to vary the leverage or torque ratio 2) To provide a neutral position 3) To provide a means to back the car

Necessity
(a) Variation of resistance to the vehicle motion at various speeds. (b) Variation of tractive effort of the vehicle available at various speeds.

Resistance to Vehicle Motion

Resistance
nce ista Res

l Tota

Miscellaneous Resistance Gradient Resistance

d Wi n R

ce tan esis

Speed Figure 7: Various resistances to the vehicle motion

Total Resistance

Speed Figure 8: Total resistance to vehicle Motion at different gradients

Resistance to Vehicle Motion

Tractive Effort & Total Resistance Tractive Effort

1 2 3
Speed

1 2 3
Speed Figure 10: Superimposing the total resistance and tractive effort curves for different gears

Figure 9: Tractive effort curves for different gradient

Sliding Mesh Gear Box

Figure 10: Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)

Figure 11: Four Speed Forward only Sliding Mesh Gear Box (gears in neutral)

Constant Mesh Gear Box

Figure 12: Constant Mesh Gear Box

Synchromesh Gear Box

Figure 13: Synchromesh Gear Box

Synchromesh Gear Box

Figure 14: Engagement of direct gear in a Synchromesh Gear Box

(a) (b)

Cones M1 and M2 mate to equalize speed Member G1 pushed further to engage with dogs K1

Modified Synchromesh Gear Box

Figure 15: Modified Synchromesh device

(a) (b) Just before engagement After engagement

Selector Mechanism

Figure 16: Selector Mechanism Using gear lever on top of transmission

Figure 17: Gear Lever Knob for 5 Forward speed & reverse gear box

Interlocking Mechanism

Figure 18: Interlocking Mechanism Figure 19: Interlocking Mechanism Showing movements of rods