Load Flow Analysis

Load flow is one of the important power system analysis techniques. This method finds the steady state behavior of electrical power system. It involves calculation of firstly the steady state voltages at various buses and the power flow, system losses and other steady state quantities in the system thereafter. This technique is widely used as a primary objective or as an intermediate step towards the evaluation of the behavior of these systems in terms of stability, faults diagnosis, optimal dispatch, regulation, etc . It is therefore very important that the load flow techniques be efficient and reliable for application in the power system network under consideration.

Gauss-Seidal Method for Load Flow Studies Gauss-seidal method was one of the most common methods used in load flow studies. The advantages of the method are: 1) The simplicity of the technique 2) Small computer me,ory requirement 3) Less computational time per iteration

The disadvantages of this method are: 1) Slow rate of convergances and, therefore, large number of iterations 2) Increase of number of iterations directly with the increase in the number of buses 3) Effect on convergence due to choise of slack bus. In view of these disadvantages G-S method is used only for system having small no. of buses.
Q: The bus powers and voltages are as under:

Bus 1 2 3 4

PL

QL

PG

QG

Bus specification

2 0 0.7 0.7

0.5 0 0.3 0.3

Not specified 1 0 0

Not specified Not specified 0 0

1<0 1 Not specified Not specified

Slack bus PV bus PQ bus PQ bus

Q2,min=0 and Q2,max=o.6 Find Q2, V3, V4, 2 after first iteration using G-S method.