Lp my tnh (1): Tm hiu cc linh kin

nh: Scotch.

Nu m dy ni long ngong, cc bn mch trng nh m cung khin ngi cha bit nhiu v my tnh bi ri, hy th t lp rp chng. Ch ny bt u bng vic tm hiu cc b phn cu thnh nn chic PC. V tng th, mt b PC bao gm 2 phn chnh l mn hnh v b x l trung tm CPU. Mn hnh l ni hin th kt qu x l v qu trnh thao tc vi my tnh. Cn b x l trung tm nm trong mt hp kim loi (gi l case), bao gm nhiu vi mch in t, lu tr, qut gi... bn trong v cc cng giao tip ( cm cc u dy, nh ri...) bn ngoi. Phn mn hnh - Mn hnh: Hin c 2 loi CRT v LCD vi kch thc t 14 inch tr ln. Mn CRT loi cong c hi cho mt v cc tia cathode phng trc tip v pha trc; mn CRT phng v LCD hn ch tc hi hn do cc tia ny b phn tn. Nu ch c CRT cong, ngi dng c th mua thm tm knh chn vi gi ch 2-3 chc nghn. - Chut: y l thit b ngoi vi dng thao tc trn mn hnh my tnh. Hin c cc loi chut bi, chut quang, chut khng dy c gn Bluetooth vi gi dao ng t vi chc nghn n hn mt triu ng. - Bn phm: y cng l thit b ngoi vi dng nhp d liu. Bn phm c nhiu loi, t loi thng gi cha n mt trm nghn ti bn phm khng dy hoc loi c thit k c bit gi hn mt triu ng. Phn case - B vi x l: l trung tm tnh ton, x l d liu ca my tnh vi hng triu php tnh/giy. Gn y, nhiu ngi nhc n sc mnh ca vi x l li kp vi 2 nhn trn mt chip, gip tc tnh ton nhanh hn v do , gi c cng t hn. - Bo mch ch (mainboard): l ni gn cc thit b nh chip, card ha, card m thanh, cng... N ng vai tr l mt "trung tm iu phi", gip cho mi thit b my tnh hot ng nhp nhng v n nh. Gi c ca bo mch ch ty bin theo s thit b c tch hp sn (trong cc bo gi c t "on-board"). - cng: l ni lu tr d liu. Dung lng cng cng ln th cng lu c nhiu d liu v gip cho my chy m khi c nhiu khng gian trng. - RAM: b nh trong tm thi l ni lu mi hot ng ca cc chng trnh chy trn my tnh. Khi RAM cng ln, cc chng trnh vn hnh trn tru v nhanh hn. - Card ha: l thit b x l hnh nh, video. Khi card ha mnh, hnh nh hin th trn my tnh s sc nt v c nhiu hiu ng tht hn. Nhng ngi chi game "nng" v hay lm vic vi ha s yu cu cu cao i vi thit b ny. Ch mt s mainboard tch hp sn card ha.

- Card m thanh: l thit b x l m thanh, gip cho ngi dng nghe c ting trn my tnh. Mt s mainboard cng tch hp sn card ny. - Card mng: l thit b h tr ni mng Internet hay mng ni b. C loi card mng tch hp sn trn bo mch ch, c loi card mng ri phi mua ring. - a phng tin: cc loi CD trc y hin ang b DVD "qua mt" v chng c kh nng c c CD ln DVD. Ngoi ra, nu c nhu cu, ngi dng c th mua loi DVD c-ghi DVD hay c DVD, ghi c CD. - mm: loi lu tr ny hin ang "mt gi" v bn thn a mm lu d liu khng nhiu v hay hng. Nu c USB gn ngoi, bn khng cn n loi ny. - Qut gi: l thit b nh nhng rt cn thit lm mt nhng b phn to nhit trong qu trnh hot ng. Trc trc qut gi d lm thit b nng qu mc v hng hn. Nhiu hng ch gn qut gi khp mi ni nh chip, ngun, cng... Tuy nhin, mt qut ng knh 120 mm case rng ri cng c th m bo an ton cho my tnh. Xem thm bi ny. - Ngun in: l ni chuyn in t ngoi vo trong my. Ngun in l thit b quan trng trong vic gi cho in p n nh, gip cc thit b trong case c an ton khi c s c. Ngun in c cng sut ln ph hp vi nhng my gn nhiu thit b tiu tn in nng nh qut lm mt bng nc, cng c tc quay cao, DVD nhiu chc nng... Bn cng c th mua thm loa ngoi, webcam, USB, cng ngoi... phc v nhu cu gii tr v lm vic ca mnh. Ch khi t chn mua linh kin lp rp, ngi dng cn xem chng c tng thch vi nhau hay khng. Bn c th tm thng tin trn mng v nhng dng sn phm ny quyt nh chnh xc. Chun b lp rp - Dng c cn dng l mt t-vt 4 cnh. - Ni my tnh cn kh v thong, t bi bn. B mt my tnh cn phng v vng chc.

Lp my tnh (2): Gn linh kin trn bo mch ch

Bo mch (mainboard) l trung tm kt ni v iu phi mi hot ng ca cc thit b trong my tnh. Lp rp linh kin vo bng mch ny cn s cn thn v mt s mo nh.

Mt trong cc loi bo mch ch. nh: Cdrinfo.

Ch trc khi lp - Mc d bo mch ch c gn v tr c nh bn trong hp my, v tr ca cc card tch hp sn v cc loi (cng, mm, CD) trong khoang c th thay i n mt gii hn no . Tuy nhin, tt hn ht l t chng cch xa nhau v dy cp ni b chng mt on kh ln. cc thit b xa nhau cng to khong khng gian thong ng, trnh tng tc in t gy hi. - Bo mch ch cha cc b phn nhy cm, d b "t qu" v tnh in. Do , bng mch ny cn c gi trong trng thi chng tnh in nguyn vn trc khi lp rp. Sn phm c bc trong mt bao nha c bit, trn c qut cc vt kim loi. V vy, trc khi lp linh kin, khng nn bng mch h ra khi bao nha trong thi gian di. Trong qu trnh lp rp, bn cn eo mt vng kim loi vo c tay c dy ni t. Loi vng ny c bn cc ca hng tin hc hoc bn t ch bng cch qun mt on dy ng nhiu li vo c tay v ni tip t. y cng l yu cu khi lp cc loi card. - Cn thao tc cn thn vi cc linh kin. Nu mt vt nh t-vt ri vo bo mch ch, n c th lm hng nhng mch in nh, khin c thit b ny tr nn v dng. Quy trnh lp rp Bn cn xc nh xem case ny c gn m ph hp t bng mch khng. Ming m ny c tc dng trnh cho bo mch ch chm vo b mt kim loi ca case sau khi lp t, trnh chp mch hoc hng hc khi my tnh b va p. Bt k case mi no cng c loi m bng nha hay kim loi. Chng c th c lp sn vo case hoc khng. - t tm v my ri trn mt bn v gn bo mch ln mt cch nh nhng ri sit cht inh c.

nh: Source Force.

- Nh nhng a vi x l vo khe ZIF (vit tt ca t Zero Insertion Force), khng cn dng sc. Nu c t ng, n s tri vo khe. Ch chn rm s 1 phi c t chnh xc. Nu khng th t bn chip thng bng, ch khng c n. Khi lp vi x l xong, kha khe ny bng ci ly.

nh: Source Force.

Cc ca hng c bn chip gn sn cng qut gi ngay trn bo mch ch. Nu mun "tn hng" cm gic ca dn t lp my, bn c th mua loi chip ri. Ty theo kiu khe cm slot (cm ng) hay socket (t nm ngang) trn cc h my khc nhau, vic lp chip c khc nhau i cht.

Bi mt lp keo IC mng (hoc dn giy dn nhit) ln y qut chip. Vt liu ny gip hi nng trong qu trnh vi x l c dn ln qut gi. Sau khi bi keo, t qut gi ln vi x l v kha cc ly tng ng. Ch , cn lm sch b mt trc khi bi keo, c th dng cn. nh: Source Force.

- Lp RAM t bn RAM vo khe slot v nhn xung, hai ming nha mu trng hai bn s t ng "qup" cht khi thanh RAM vo khe va vn. Trn bo mch c ch t vi thanh v dung lng ca chng s c cng vi nhau. Trong trng hp RAM hng, bn ch cn nhc ra khi khe v cm li RAM mi. Cch cm SDRAM, DDRAM, RDRAM... c i cht khc bit.

Thanh RAM c a vo khe slot. nh: Pcstats.

Cc kt ni t bo mch ch Cc dy cp ni n v khe cm bng chn rm c v long ngong khin bn ri tr. Ch cm chnh xc khng lm hng cc chn rm ny. Chn s 1 cp nm v pha vch trn dy. Tn cp IDE Floppy IDE Cp ngun n bo Kt ni vi... cng, CD-ROM mm T b ngun SMPS n bo mch ch Loa, n bo cng, n bo ngun, n khi ng li. S chn rm 40 34 6x2 i vi dng AT v 20 vi ATX Khc nhau tng kiu. Khc nhau tng kiu. Khc nhau tng kiu.

Cc cng sau PS/2, USB, LPT, COM 1, COM 2... case Ni card Cp ting CD-ROM...

Ngoi ra, cn c cc loi cp khc nh ngun in cho cng, mm, CD-ROM, ... khng kt ni vo bo mch ch, ngun in cho qut gi. Cu hnh chn rm trn bo mch ch C nhiu v tr cm cp trn bo mch ch. Sau y l danh sch: Tn thit b/slot LPT COM IDE IDE Floppy S chn rm 26 10 40 36

Lc ny, t bo mch ch vo case v vn cht cc inh c (mt s loi dng chn nha).

Lp my tnh (3): Cm cc loi

Cc lu tr (cng, mm) v a phng tin u dng cp d liu IDE kt ni vi bo mch ch. Mt dy cp c th ni vi 2 cng loi mt lc, to ra s tin li cho ngi s dng. Lp cng pha mt sau cng c 2 ch cm. Mt l phn dnh cm ngun (c 4 chn), nm v pha bn tay phi. Phn chn cm di hn phi bn tri dng cm cp d liu. Dy cp IDE c 3 u cm, 1 dnh cm vo khe trn bo mch ch (gi l IDE 0), 2 dnh ni vo cng. Khi ch dng mt cng duy nht, ngi ta thng dng u cp cn li (IDE1).

Mt u ca cp IDE c cm vo khe slot trn bo mch ch. nh: T.H.

Dy ngun c mt u cm sn vo ngun in ca my tnh, phn cn li c 3 u, 2 u to dng cm cng/ CD, 1 u nh (cng 4 chn) dnh cm vo mm.

Mt dy ngun c 3 u ni. nh: T.H.

C hai dy ny ch va theo chiu duy nht. Kinh nghim cm ng l vin mu /xanh trn cp d liu IDE "p mt" v pha si dy mu ca cp ngun.

Vin mu trn cp IDE quay v pha si dy mu trn cp ngun. nh: T.H.

Khi mun cm 2 cng trn cng 1 my, bn ch n phn chn rm nm gia v s trn mt . Lc ny, bn phi quy nh chnh (master) v ph (slave) theo s ny. Chn rm mu trng s c ko ra khi ch ban u ca nh sn xut v cm vo v tr ng (v d cm vo v tr s 2 lm master, s 3 lm slave). Sau , bn s phi thit lp quy nh ny trong Bios.

S gn chn rm lm chnh hoc ph. nh: PCstats.

Chn rm mu trng thng c y. Nu ny c lm chnh/ ph, n s c ly ra cm vo v tr khc (thng l s 2,3). nh: PCstats.

Cui cng, a cng vo khoang v vt inh cht hai bn (thng l 4 inh c cho mi ). Lp a phng tin a quang nh CD hay DVD c/ghi u c ni vi bo mch ch bng cp IDE v ngun in nh cng. Tuy nhin, nhng my cha c CD/DVD, bn phi mua thm dy cp khi mun lp thm loi ny (cp c gi vi nghn ng). Phn chn rm quy nh chnh/ph nm bn cnh b chn cm cp IDE. Thng th s cho chn rm ny c in ni hoc dp chm trn b mt , tng ng vi v tr ca chn cm. M l vit tt cho master, S l vit tt cho slave.

Phn khe cm 4 chn bn cnh dnh ni cp tn hiu analog t CD-ROM vo card m thanh. Nu a phng tin ca bn c h tr Digital Audio th cm cp vo khe tng ng v ni u cn li vi card sound. G b ming nha khoang trn thng my v a CD vo khoang, vt inh c cn thn 2 bn. Khi y CD nh ra pha trc, ch khng b lch, trnh tnh trng kt khay cha a.

Dy ni t khe cm analog vo chip m thanh tch hp trn bo mch ch. nh: T.H.