Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

MAGNETIC TRAIN (MAGLEV)

Under the Guidance of Mr. Debashisha Jena Presented By Kiran Kumar Hota Roll No # EE200117118
Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

What is Maglev?
Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a relatively new transportation technology in which non-contacting vehicles travel safely at speeds of 250 to 300 milesper-hour or higher while suspended, guided, and propelled above a guideway by magnetic fields.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Primary function basis to Maglev

(1) Levitation or Suspension; (2) Propulsion; and (3) Guidance.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Suspension System
Two types of suspension system are noted: 1. Levitation by attraction. 2. Levitation by repulsion.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Levitation by attraction
Common knowledge of magnetism shows that opposite magnetic poles repel each other. This basic principle is how this type of Maglev train appears to float closely to the track. In order for the train to float, there must be two coils. The top coil is installed in the train and the bottom coil is placed in the track. Attraction is caused by having the currents within each of the circuits traveling in the same direction.
Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Levitation by repulsion
Common knowledge of magnetism shows that similar poles of a magnet repel each other. This basic principle is how this type of Maglev train appears to float on a cushion of air. In order for the train to float, there must be two coils. The top coil is placed within the train and the bottom coil is place on the track. The current in the top circuit travels in the opposite direction of the current in the bottom; resulting in repulsion between two coils.
Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Two principle means of Levitation

Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)
It works on the concept that electromagnetic forces attract to A metal or another electromagnet when they face each other with the opposing polarities. The Trans rapid system currently used by maglev in shanghai uses (EMS) principle.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Electrodynamic suspension(EDS)
It works on the concept of repulsive magnetic forces when electromagnets face each other with the same polarities. The EDS system uses superconductors cooled with liquid helium, and it's still in the experimental stage with many technical difficulties to be overcome.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Propulsion
For propulsion and braking of a MagLev, a long electromagnetic stator is installed underneath both sides of the guideway facing the train's support electromagnets, which resemble a motor's rotor.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Varying Maglev Speed

The MagLev's speed can vary from standstill to full operating speed by simply adjusting the frequency of the alternating current. To bring the train to a full stop, the direction of the travelling field is reversed. Even during braking, there isn't any mechanical contact between the stator and the rotor.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Maglev systems are propelled primarily by one of the following three options: 1. A synchronous motor in which coils in the guideway are excited by a three phase winding to produce a traveling wave at the speed desired; Trans Rapid in Germany employs such a system. 2. A Linear Induction Motor on the vehicle induces current in an aluminum sheet on the guideway. 3. A reluctance motor is employed in which active coils on the vehicle are pulsed at the proper time to realize thrust. Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Guidance System
Guidance or steering refers to the sideward forces that are required to make the vehicle follow the guideway. The necessary forces are supplied in an exactly analogous fashion to the suspension forces, either attractive or repulsive. The same magnets on board the vehicle, which supply lift, can be used concurrently for guidance or separate guidance magnets can be used.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Issues related to Maglev

No noise caused by wheel rolling or engine Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high speed train traveling at the same speed. Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard. Collision is impossible because only sections of the track are activated as needed.
Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Disadvantage concerns to Maglev

The one problem with this system is that a power loss will result in loss of levitation. Can not continue beyond its track. Track is very expensive.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Conclusion
There is much work to be done in the Maglev industry, but the basic physics argue that this systems will penetrate the transportation system because of weight and efficiency over ever present wheel.

Kiran Kumar Hota

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Kiran Kumar Hota