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    Hea Kang
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    This document discusses ion channels and transporters that are important for maintaining membrane potential in neurons. It covers the concentration gradients of major ions like sodium, calcium, and potassium across neuronal membranes. It also discusses the gating mechanisms of ion channels, how they can be open, closed, or inactive. Finally, it reviews the roles of sodium and calcium channels in depolarizing neurons and maintaining calcium homeostasis.

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    Nph 2-18

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    This document discusses ion channels and transporters that are important for maintaining membrane potential in neurons. It covers the concentration gradients of major ions like sodium, calcium, and potassium across neuronal membranes. It also discusses the gating mechanisms of ion channels, how they can be open, closed, or inactive. Finally, it reviews the roles of sodium and calcium channels in depolarizing neurons and maintaining calcium homeostasis.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    6 views2 pages

    NPH 2-18

    Uploaded by

    Hea Kang
    This document discusses ion channels and transporters that are important for maintaining membrane potential in neurons. It covers the concentration gradients of major ions like sodium, calcium, and potassium across neuronal membranes. It also discusses the gating mechanisms of ion channels, how they can be open, closed, or inactive. Finally, it reviews the roles of sodium and calcium channels in depolarizing neurons and maintaining calcium homeostasis.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Neuropharm S12

    Exam 2

    CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS OF MAJOR IONS Ratio (in/out) Ratio (in/out) + ++ Na Ca K+ Cl-

    Kinetics of channel gating

    (1)Closed

    CHANNELS FOR MEMBRANE POTENTIAL MAINTENANCE Ionophores (non-gated) Ions involved

    (2)Open

    (3)Inactive

    Toxin mechanism

    STUDYING CHANNEL BEHAVIORS Voltage clamp

    ATPases Main contributions to neuronal functions Na+/K+ ATPase Ca++ ATPase

    Command step (4)

    Inward current (5) (outward current?)

    CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY Modes of classification A. Selectivity to different ligands B. Gating mechanism 1. Regional change

    2. General change Recognize & understand the plots of: Current vs. Time Current vs. Voltage 1

    3. Blocking particle

    Neuropharm S12

    Exam 2

    CHANNELS THAT DEPOLARIZE THE NEURON Na+ channels Conservation of structure

    Nomenclature Ca++ channels Structure

    (Review calcium sinks and sources from exam1) Intracellular channels (ER)

    Voltage-dependent channels (plasma membrane) 1. Activation pattern 2. Inactivation pattern 3. Target tissue

    Ba++ as a substitute for Ca++

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