ASSESSMENT : The course will be assessed A - F ..

First exam 15 Second exam 15 Final exam 40 Lab test 15 Lab Quiz + Seminar 15

Course head lines: 1-Directed mutagenesis 2-Protein engineering 3- Mechanisms of gene silencing 4-Protein synthesis by microorganisms Bacterial 5-DNA repair mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 6-Bacterial secretion systems 7-Microbial genetics A.Genome structure and function B.Autonomous genetic identites 8-Epigenetics 9-Advanced Molecular techniques

Principles of Genetic Engineering

Dr. Sirin Adham
By

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering, also known as Recombinant DNA Technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) with a new genotype. Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: inserting a foreign gene from one species into another, forming a transgenic organism; altering an existing gene so that its product is changed; or changing gene expression so that it is translated more often or not at all.

Basic steps in genetic engineering

1. Isolate the gene 2. Insert it in a host using a vector 3. Produce as many copies of the host as possible 4. Separate and purify the product of the gene

Step 1: Isolating the gene

Step 1: Alternative method (using Reverse Transcriptase)

Reverse transcriptase mRNA converted into cDNA Complementary strand produced using DNA polymerase Advantage more mRNA in cell than DNA

Step 2: Inserting gene into vector

Vector molecule of DNA which is used to carry a foreign gene into a host cell

Step 3: inserting vector into host

Replica plating

Step 4: Multiplication of the host cells by cloning

Large scale fermenters by cloning

All genetically identical because of asexual reproduction

Step 5: Extraction of desired gene product

In Medicine Gene therapy

The kind of technology used in medicine genetic engineering is also being developed to treat people with genetic disorders in an experimental medical technique

Somatic Gene Therapy, it works by trying to replace the genetic portion that causes the disease with a genetic portion that will work properly.