Biodegradation of Polylactic Acid for use in Biodegradable Stents

Team Woosah:

David Baruela, Samyukta Gade, Jennifer Go, Alex Hussinger, Austin Schader

Presentation Overview

PLA

Experiment

Results

Conclusion

Problem Statement
A biocompatible material is needed that will biodegrade within 12 months while maintaining structural stability for a minimum of 6 months and must be geometrically formable into a stent shape.

Selecting PLA
Polylactic acid (PLA) polymers are biocompatible and biodegradable

PLA can be manufactured using most polymer processing techniques

Synthesis of PLA ( 1 of 3)
Polysaccharides broken down into monosaccharide monomers

Corn is Harvested (Polysaccharide)

Dextrose (Monosaccharide )

Synthesis of PLA (2 of 3)
Dextrose Fermented to Lactic Acid (via bacterial fermentation) Dextrose (Monosaccharide ) Lactic Acid (Monomer)

2 Lactic Acid Monomers Undergo Esterification and Form a Cyclic Lactide

Lactic Acid (Monomer)

Cyclic Lactide

Synthesis of PLA (3 of 3)
Cyclic Lactide Undergoes RingOpening Polymerization

Cyclic Lactide

Polylactic Acid

Life Cycle Analysis of PLA

Life Stages Materials Choice Energy Use Solid Residue s
3

Liquid Residue s
3

Gaseous Residue s
3

Total

Pre-manufacture

0.7

Product Manufacture Product Delivery

0.75

0.4

Product Use Recycling Disposal Total

4 4

3 4

4 4

4 4

4 4

0.95 1

0.7

0.65

0.8

0.85

0.8

0.76

Eco-Audit of PLA Stents

Hypothesis

Based on previous research involving the degradation of PLA sutures in porcine models, we believe that our PLA samples would not show measurable signs of degradation over the course of one week.

Unresolved Questions
Will PLA degrade quickly enough if at all?

How does PLA react in different bodily conditions?

Experimental Overview
Fountain pumps were used to simulate the blood system. Different pHs were used to cover the range of pH in the human body. Different diameters simulate different artery sizes in the body.

Experimental Overview

Testing and Results

It worked!

Overview of Analysis
Minitab Analysis:

Anova was performed to determine cause and effect interactions for Concentration, Flow/Pressure, and Time

Chemistry of Degradation
Hydrolysis Reaction

Breaking ester bonds = *

Chemistry of Degradation (cont.)

Chemistry of Degradation (cont.)

Le Chtelier's Principle

3 Stages of PLA Degradation

Stage 1: M.W. of PLA samples still high, but degrading

Stage 2: M.W. of polymer decreases Polymer chain ends become more reactive Degradation rate increases

Stage 3: Interactions between PLA and water increases PLA starts to absorb water M.W. of PLA further decreases, soon becomes soluble

SEM Micrographs of PLA Sample Degradation

Untreated PLA Sample

SEM Micrographs of PLA Sample Degradation

PLA sample after 1 week of degradation in basic solution, inch pipe.

PLA sample after 1 week of degradation in basic solution, 1 inch pipe.

SEM Micrographs of PLA Sample Degradation

PLA sample after 1 week of degradation in acidic solution, inch pipe.

PLA sample after 1 week of degradation in acidic solution, 1 inch pipe.

Discussion

Our hypothesis was incorrect

Conclusions

References
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/International-Patients/Spanish/Tratamientos-y-Programas/Corazon/Images/472679_stent-32648.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Programs-andServices/Heart-Institute/Treatment-Programs/Angioplasty-andStenting.aspx&usg=__xeL6utJc6eEtOo1VyZelpAW_cRw=&h=307&w=525&sz=34&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=7uCduFWloaCGXM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=140&ei=2_RaTYrEKIzmsQOaq8iYCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstent%26um %3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D530%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx =368&vpy=239&dur=2187&hovh=172&hovw=294&tx=180&ty=107&oei=2_RaTYrEKIzmsQOaq8iYCg&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bestdealpromo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/recycling-symbol-7-other.gif&imgrefurl=http://bestdealpromo.com/blog/2010/09/recycling-plastics-symbols/&usg=__v1n_TS3QjsgQICxy_iqEgXkupY=&h=130&w=100&sz=4&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=8_Xs2wf8K8kyGM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=80&ei=h_RaTaawJpCosAO97vWhCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drecycling%2Bsymbol%2B7%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den %26sa%3DN%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D530%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=110&oei=h_RaTaawJpCosAO97vWhCg&page=1&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&tx=39&ty=59 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biojobblog.com/uploads/image/STENT %2520CLOSED.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.biojobblog.com/tags/layoffs/&usg=__JySLuyZENzOJMkMVaQrYZq1RCTM=&h=480&w=640&sz=99&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=mEuFkq2yPe2MhM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=165&ei=4fVaTYjkNofQs AOTpPyNCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstent%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1423%26bih%3D711%26addh%3D36%26output%3Dimages_json%26tbs %3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=441&vpy=406&dur=250&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=82&ty=222&oei=1PdaTdijPJKgsQP_9a2RCg&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:26,s:0

https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/ShowBinary/BEA%20Repository/images/cholersteral.gif http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/pwe/lowres/pwen182l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/h/heart_health.asp&usg=__jDmjvASmXr9QhBHvTXEM2OvJMs=&h=382&w=400&sz=35&hl=en&start=69&zoom=1&tbnid=RLQpBTB_-0WniM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=116&ei=RvlaTfmmHIG4sAO-vrihCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dheart%2Bdisease%2Bcartoon%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN %26biw%3D948%26bih%3D530%26tbs %3Disch:10%2C1608&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=679&vpy=135&dur=15&hovh=219&hovw=230&tx=180&ty=123&oei=PvlaTabaAo7GsAOQqLyVCQ&page=5&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:69&biw=948&bih=530 http://www.ptca.org/forumtopics/topic20060607.html

http://www.google.com/imgres? imgurl=http://pharmaclips.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/coronary_stents.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pharmaclips.wordpress.com/&usg=__0pOVbs7bUDcI7hDZ2q9rW6KDlBg=&h=300&w=400&sz=25&hl=en&start=15&zoom=1&tbnid=UleLaPk OM_MSwM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=192&ei=FP9aTfrVLZS0sAOU0aScCg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstent%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D935%26bih%3D496%26tbs %3Disch:10%2C965&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=650&vpy=94&dur=1219&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=163&ty=103&oei=C_9aTdjNA4mosQObyq2dCg&page=3&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:15&biw=935&bih=496

Mzoff@calpoly.edu 805 756 2422