Implement Spanning Tree Protocols: LAN Switching and Wireless - Chapter 5

Implement Spanning Tree Protocols
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 5
ITE I Chapter 6
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Objectives
1. Redundancy & Issues with Redundancy.
2. Spanning Tree Algorithm operation. 3. PVST+, RSTP and Rapid PVST+
4. Configuring rapid PVST+ NEW

5. Design STP for Trouble Avoidance NEW 6. Troubleshoot STP Operation
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Part one
Redundancy in Switched Environment
ITE I Chapter 6
Cisco Public
5.1.1 Redundancy
Layer 2 redundancy improves the availability of the network by implementing alternate network paths by adding equipment and cabling.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
10
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
11
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
12
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
13
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
14
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
15
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
16
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
17
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
18
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
19
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
20
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
21
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
22
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
23
5.1.2 Issues with Redundancy

Broadcast storm can cause the end device to malfunction because of the high processing requirements for sustaining such a high traffic load on the network interface card.
Loops result in high CPU load on all switches caught in the loop.
Because devices connected to a network are constantly sending out broadcast frames, such as ARP requests, a broadcast storm can develop in seconds. A host caught in a network loop is not accessible to other hosts on the network. Because the MAC address table is constantly changing with the updates from the broadcast frames, the switch does not know which port to forward the unicast frames out to reach the final destination
ITE 1 Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
24
5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
25
5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues

Describe how redundancy can disable a hierarchical network
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
26
Redundancy
STP has placed some switch ports in forwarding state and other switch ports in blocking state. This is to prevent loops in the Layer 2 network.
STP will only use a redundant link if there is a failure on the primary link.
Redundancy provides a lot of flexibility in path choices on a network, allowing data to be transmitted regardless of a single path or device failing in the distribution or core layers.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
27
Part two
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
ITE I Chapter 6
Cisco Public
28
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
29
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
30
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
31
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
32
Spanning Tree Operation

One root bridge per network One root port per nonroot bridge One designated port per segment Nondesignated ports are blocking
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
33
The STP Root Bridge

Reference point One root per VLAN Maintains topology Propagates timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
34
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
35
Four-Step decision Sequence

Four-Step decision Sequence Step 1 - Lowest BID
Step 2 - Lowest Path Cost to Root Bridge

Step 3 - Lowest Sender BID Step 4 - Lowest Sender Port ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
36
How STP select the root bridge?

Firstly : choose the root bridge
The lowest Bridge ID (BID) The lowest bridge priority The lowest MAC address
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
37
Bridge ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
38
Spanning tree path cost
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
39
Spanning tree path cost
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
40
What is the BPDU?

The Bridge (switch) Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is the frame exchanged between switches to exchange STP data and do election of root bridge and another parameters
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
41
BPDU Fields
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
42
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
43
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
44
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
45
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
46
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
47
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
48
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
49
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
50
BPDU Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
51
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
52
Definitions of each port role

Root Port: The root port exists on non-root bridges. Root ports forward traffic toward the root bridge. Only one root port is allowed per bridge.
Designated Port: The designated port exists on root and non-root bridges,
For root bridges, all switch ports are designated ports. For non-root bridges, a designated port is the switch port that receives and forwards frames toward the root bridge as needed. Only one designated port is allowed per segment.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
53
Definitions of each port role

Non-designated Port: The non-designated port is a switch port that is blocked, so it is not forwarding data frames. A non-designated port is not a root port or a designated port. Disabled Port: The disabled port is a switch port that is administratively shut down. A disabled port does not function in the spanning-tree process.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
54
How STP select the root port?

Secondly : choose one root port for every non-root bridge
the lowest cost path to the root bridge The lowest sender BID the lowest sender port ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
55
How STP choose the designated & blocked ports ?

Thirdly : choose designated ports One designated port per segment
The lowest switch path cost to root Bridge The lowest port ID (port priority + port No.) The lowest switch BID
all ports of Root Bridge are designated ports

the port which at front of each root port is a designated port
Fourthly : other ports are blocked Fifthly : any shutdown ports is disabled
56
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
57
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
58
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
59
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
60
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
61
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
62
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
63
STP Port states

The spanning tree is determined immediately after a switch is finished booting up. If a switch port were to transition directly from the blocking to the forwarding state, the port could temporarily create a data loop if the switch was not aware of all topology information at the time. For this reason, STP introduces five port states. The following provides some additional information on how the port states ensure that no loops are created during the creation of the logical spanning tree.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
64
STP Port states

Blocking - The port is a non-designated port and does not participate in frame forwarding. The port receives BPDU frames to determine the location and root ID of the root bridge switch and what port roles each switch port should assume in the final active STP topology. Listening - STP has determined that the port can participate in frame forwarding according to the BPDU frames that the switch has received thus far. At this point, the switch port is not only receiving BPDU frames, it is also transmitting its own BPDU frames and informing adjacent switches that the switch port is preparing to participate in the active topology.
65
STP Port states

Learning - The port prepares to participate in frame forwarding and begins to populate the MAC address table by learning the source MACs in received frame but doesnt forward frames. Forwarding - The port is considered part of the active topology and forwards frames and also sends and receives BPDU frames. Disabled - The Layer 2 port does not participate in spanning tree and does not forward frames. The disabled state is set when the switch port is administratively shutdown.
66
Spanning Tree Port States

1. Disabled: 2. Blocked : - No cable is connected. - Port is shut down - Doesnt transmit or receive data frames. - Listen to received BPDUs. - Doesnt transmit BPDUs. - Doesnt transmit or receive data frames. - Process BPDUs for Root, RP,DP election. - First forward delay time=15 sec. - Doesnt transmit data frames. - Drops the received data frames but after learning the source Mac. - Process BPDUs for Root, RP,DP election. - Second forward delay time=15 sec.
3. Listening:
4. Learning:
5. Forwarding: - Start forwarding data frames - Process BPDUs.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
67
Spanning Tree Port States
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
68
Spanning tree timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
69
Spanning tree timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
70
STP Timers
The time values given for each state are the default values. These values have been calculated on an assumption that there will be a maximum of seven switches in any branch of the spanning tree from the root bridge.
71
TCN
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
72
Topology change notification

At change :
If the root bridge goes down all other switches go to blocking state for 20 sec then go for listening state for 15 sec then to learning state for 15 sec then forwarding state
so convergence will take 50 sec.

If any other change happened all routers goes directly for listening state for 15 sec then to learning state for 15 sec then forwarding state
so convergence will take 30 sec.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
73
Spanning tree enhancements
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
74
Spanning tree enhancements
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
75
5.3 STP Convergence

Define convergence for a switched network and summarize the 3 step process STP uses to create a loop free topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
76
Part three
Advanced STP Versions
ITE I Chapter 6
Cisco Public
77
Cisco and STP Variants
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
78
Implement per VLAN Spanning Tree in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
79
PVST+ Bridge ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
80
default spanning-tree configuration
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
81
Configure PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
82
Configure PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
83
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
84
RTSP BPDU
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
85
RSTP port states

Describe the RSTP port states and port roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
86
RSTP Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
87
RSTP edge ports

Describe RSTP edge ports
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
88
RSTP Link Types
Port (edge , non edge (root . Designated , alternate or backup)) Edge port moves directly from discarding to forwarding state Root port moves directly from discarding to forwarding state after sync. Designated port moves directly from discarding to forwarding state only If the link type parameter indicates point to point not shared. alternate or backup ports doesnt use this parameter.
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
89
RSTP port states
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
90
RSTP Proposal or Agreement Process
See animation 5.4.6

91
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN

Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
92
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
93
ITE 1 Chapter 6
Cisco Public
94

Implement Spanning Tree Protocols: LAN Switching and Wireless - Chapter 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Implement Spanning Tree Protocols: LAN Switching and Wireless - Chapter 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Implement Spanning Tree Protocols

LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 5

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Configuring rapid PVST+ NEW

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Redundancy in Switched Environment

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Need for Redundancy

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Need for Redundancy

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Need for Redundancy

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Need for Redundancy

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Need for Redundancy

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.1.2 Issues with Redundancy

5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using spanning tree protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using spanning tree protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using spanning tree protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using spanning tree protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spanning Tree Operation

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The STP Root Bridge

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Using spanning tree protocol (STP)

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Four-Step decision Sequence

Step 2 - Lowest Path Cost to Root Bridge

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

How STP select the root bridge?

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spanning tree path cost

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spanning tree path cost