TUGAS KIMIA FISIKA LANJUT

Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Kasmadi IS, MS

Disusun oleh :
SUPRIYANTO
NIM : 0402510082

PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN IPA (KIMIA)
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG (UNNES)
Tahun Akademik 2010/2011

7.37 At 25 C and 1 atm pressure, the data are :

Substance
H2 (g)
C (graphite)
o
H combustion (kJ /mol)
285.83
393.51
a) Calculate the H of formation of liquid benzene.
b) Calculate H for the reaction 3 C2H2(g) C6H6(l).
ANSWER :
a. {H2(g) + O2 (g)
{C (s) + O2 (g)

H2O (g)

C2H2(g)
1299.58

H= 285.83 kJ/mol } x 3

CO2 (g)

H= 393.51 kJ/mol } x 6

6CO2 (g) + 3H2O (g) C6H6(l) + /2O2 (g)

15

3H2(g) + 6C(s)

C6H6 (l)
3267.62

H= +3267.62 kJ/mol

C6H6 (l)

Hf C6H6 = (3)(285.83) +(6)(393.51) + 3267.62

= 857.49 2361.06 + 3267.62
= 49.07 kJ/mol

b.

{C2H2(g) + 5/2O2

2CO2(g) + H2O

H= 1299.58 kJ/mol } x 3

6CO2 (g) + 3H2O

C6H6 (l) + /2O2

H= +3267.62 kJ/mol

3C2H2 (g)

C6H6(l)

Hreaksi

15

= (3)(1299.58) + 3267.62
= 3898.74 + 3267.62
= 631.12 kJ/mol

7.38 For the following reactions at 25 C

H (kJ/mol)
CaC2(s) + 2H2O (l)
Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)
127.9
Ca(s)
+ O2(g)
CaO
635.1
CaO(s) + H2O(l)
Ca(OH)2(s)
65.2
The heat of combustion of graphite is 393.51 kJ/mol, and that of C2H2(g) is 1299.58 kJ/mol.
Calculate the heat of formation of CaC2(s) at 25C.
ANSWER:
Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)

CaC2(s) + 2H2O (l)

H (kJ/mol)
+127.9

Ca(s)

+ O2(g)

CaO

635.1

CaO(s)

+ H2O(l)

Ca(OH)2(s)

65.2

{C(s)

+ O2

CO2(g)

393.51} x 2

2CO2(g)

+ H2O(l)

C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g)

+1299.58

Ca(s)

+ C(s)

CaC2(s)

Hf CaC2(s)

= (127.9) +(635.1) + (65.2) + (2)(393.51) + (1299.58)

= 59.84 kJ/mol

7.39 A sample of sucrose, C12H22O11, weighing 0.1265 g is burned in a bomb calorimeter. After the
reaction is over, it is found that to produce an equal temperature increment electrically, 2082.3
joules must be expended.
a) Calculate the heat of combustion of sucrose.
b) From the heat of combustion and appropriate data in Table A-V calculate the heat of
formation of sucrose.
c) If the temperature increment in the experiment is 1.743C, what is the heat capacity of the
calorimeter and contents ?
ANSWER:
0.1265
a. Mol sukrosa =
= 3.699 x 10-4 mol
342

Hcombustion C12H22O11 =

2082.3
3.669 10 4

= 5676.4 kJ/mol

b. Reaksi pembakaran: C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) 12CO2(g) + 11H2O(g)

Hcombustion C12H22O11 = (12Hf CO2 + 11Hf H2O) (Hf C12H22O11 + 12Hf O2)
5676.4

= {(12)(393.51) + (11)(285.83)} (Hf C12H22O11 + 0)

5676.4

= (4722.12 3144.13) Hf C12H22O11

5676.4

= 7866.25 Hf C12H22O11

Hf C12H22O11 = 5676.4 7866.25

= 2188.85 kJ/mol
c. =

2

1

= Cp T

2082.3 = Cp (1.743)
Cp

2082.3
1.743

= 1194.66 joule/K
7.40 If 3.0539 g of liquid ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is burned completely at 25C in a bomb calorimeter,
the heat evolved is 90.447 kJ.
a) Calculate the molar H of combustion for ethyl alcohol at 25C.
b) If the Hf of CO2(g) and H2O(l) are 393.51 kJ/mol and 285.83 kJ/mol, calculate the Hf
of ethyl alcohol.
ANSWER:
Q = 90.447 kJoule

Mol C2H5OH =

3.0539
46

a. Harga Hcombustion C2H5OH =

90.447
0.0664

b. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g)

2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

= 0.0664

= 1362.2 kJ/mol

Hcombustion

= {2Hf CO2 + 3Hf H2O} Hf C2H5OH

1362.2

= 2(393.51) + 3(285.83) Hf C2H5OH

= (787.02 857.49) Hf C2H5OH

Hf C2H5OH = (787.02 857.49) + 1362.2

= 1644.51 + 1362.2
= 282.31 kJ/mol

7.41 From the data at 25 C :

Fe2O3(s)
+ 3C(graphite)
2Fe(s) + 3CO(g),
FeO(s)
+ C(graphite)
Fe(s) + CO(g),
C(graphite) + O2(g)
CO2(g),
CO(g)
+ O2(g)
CO2(g),
Compute the standard heat of formation of FeO(s) and of Fe2O3(s).
ANSWER:
Fe(s)
+ CO(g)

FeO(s)

C(graphite) + O2(g)

CO2(g)

CO2(g)

CO(g)

Fe(s)

+ C(graphite)

H = 492.6 kJ/mol ;
H = 155.8 kJ/mol ;
H = 393.51 kJ/mol ;
H = 282.98 kJ/mol.

H = 155.8 kJ/mol
H = 393.51 kJ/mol

+ O2(g)

H = +282.98 kJ/mol

FeO(s)

+ O2(g)

Hf FeO(s) = (155.8) + (393.51) + (282.98)

= 266.33 kJ/mol
Fe2O3(s) + 3 C(graphite)

H = 492.6 kJ/mol

{C(graphite) + O2(g)

CO2(g)

H = 393.51 kJ/mol } x 3

{CO2(g)

CO(g)

2Fe(s)

+ 3CO(g)

2Fe(s)

+ /2 O2(g)

+ O2(g)

H = +282.98 kJ/mol } x 3

Fe2O3(s)

Hf Fe2O3(s) = ( 492.6) + (3)(393.51) + (3)(282.98)

= 824.19 kJ/mol
9.12 Between OC and 100C liquid mercury has Cp/(J/K mol) = 30.093 4.944 x 10-3T. If one mole of
mercury is raised from 0C to 100 C at constant pressure, calculate H and S.
ANSWER:
Karena reaksi dilaksanakan pada tekanan tetap, dan Cp sebagai fungsi temperatur sehingga rumus
yang dipakai adalah:
=
=

2
1
2

(30.093 0.004944)

= 30.093(T2T1) (0.004944)(T22 T12)

Karena T1 = (0 + 273.15)= 273.15K

dan T2 = (100 + 273.15) = 373.15K

= 30.093(100) (0.004944)(373.15 273.152)

2

= 3009.3 (0.004944)(6429.5)
= 3009.3 159.635
= 2849.665 joule/mol
=

373.15

=
273.15

= 30.093

(30.093 0.004944)

373.15
273.15

= 30.093

373.15
273.15

+ 0.004944

373.15

273.15

+ 0.004944 (373.15 273.15)

= (30.093)(0.31196) + 0.4944
= 9.882 joule/K mol

9.16 One mole of an ideal gas, initially at 25 C and 1 atm is transformed to 40C and 0.5 atm. In the
transformation 300 J of work are produced in the surroundings. If C v = 3/2R, calculate Q, U, H,
and S.
ANSWER:
U = Cv T
=

/2R (313 298)

= 22.5R
= (22.5)(8.314)
= 187.065 joule/mol
Menurut Hukum I termodinamika U = Q W, sehingga
U

= QW

187.065 = Q 300
Q = 187.065 + 300
= 487.065 joule/mol
H = Cp T

padahal Cp Cv = R

= (R + Cv) T
= (R + 3/2R) T
= (5/2R)(15)
= 37.5R
= (37.5)(8.314)
= 311.775 joule/mol
S = Cp ln

T2
T1

ln

= (R+Cv) ln

T2
T1

= (R +3/2R) ln

2
1

ln
313.15
298.15

2
1

1 () ln

= ( /2R) ln(1.050) (R) ln(0.5)

5

= (5/2R)(0.04879) + 0.6932R
= 0.815175R
= (0.815175)(8.314)
= 6.777 joule/K mol

0.5
1

Cp = R + Cv

9.18

Consider one mole of an ideal gas, Cv = 3/2R, in the initial state : 300 K, 1 atm. For each
transformation, (a) through (g), calculate Q, W, U, H, and S ; compare S to Q/T.
a) At constant volume, the gas is heated to 400 K.
b) At constant pressure, 1 atm, the gas is heated to 400 K.
c) The gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly until the pressure drops to atm.
d) The gas is expanded isothermally against a constant external pressure equal to atm until the
gas pressure reaches atm.
e) The gas is expanded isothermally against zero opposing pressure (Joule expansion) until the
pressure of the gas is atm.
f) The gas is expanded adiabatically against a constant pressure of atm until the final pressure is
atm.
g) The gas is expanded adiabatically and reversibly until the final pressure is atm.
ANSWER:
a. Pada keadaan Volume konstan dan suhu 400 K, rumus yang digunakan adalah
U = Cv T
= /2R (400300)
= 150R
= (150)(8.314)
= 1247.1 joule/mol

U = Qv

Qv = 1247.1 joule/mol

Menurut Hukum I Termodinamika

U = Q W, padahal pada kondisi volume tetap, harga
U = Q sehingga 1247.1 = 1247.1 W
W = 0 joule/mol
H = Cp

padahal Cp Cv = R

Cp = R + Cv

= (R + Cv) T
= (R + 3/2R) (400300)
= (5/2R)(100)
= 250R
= (250)(8.314)
= 2078.5 joule/mol
=

2
1

2
1

= 3/2R ln

400
300

= (1.5R)(0.287)
= 0.4305R
= (0.4305)(8.314)
= 3.579 joule/K mol
b. Pada keadaan Tekanan konstan dan suhu 400K. sehingga rumus yang digunakan adalah
H = Cp T
sedangkan Cp Cv = R
Cp = R + Cv

= (R + 3/2R)(400 300)
= (5/2R)(100)
= 250R
= (250)(8.314)
= 2078.5 joule/mol

= Qp

Qp = 2078.5 joule/mol

Untuk mencari W pada tekanan tetap, kita bantu dengan harga U pada volume tetap sbb:
U = 1247.1 joule/mol
U

1247.1 joule/mol =
W
2

Qp W
2078.5 joule/mol W

2078.5 1247.1

831.4 joule/mol

Cp = R + Cv Cp = R + /2R = /2R
3

sedangkan Cp Cv = R
400

=
300
5

/2R ln

400
300

= (5/2R)(0.2877)
= 0.719R
= (0.719)(8.314)
= 5.979 joule/K mol
c. Karena gas diekspansi pada suhu tetap (isotermal) dan reversibel sehingga tekanannya turun
menjadi atm, maka
S = ln

T2
T1

2
1

ln
P2
P1

S = nR ln

= (1)(8.314) ln

0.5
1

= {(8.314)(0.693)}
= 5.763 joule/K mol
S

5.763

300

Qreversibel = (5.763)(300)
= 1728.9 joule/mol
U = Cv T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga U = 0

H = Cp T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga H = 0

Menurut Hukum I Termodinamika :

U = Q W, padahal U = 0, sehingga 0 = Q W atau Q = W W = 1728.9 J/mol
Perbandingan antara =

1728 .9
300

= 5.763 joule/K mol

d. The gas is expanded isothermally against a constant external pressure equal to atm until the
gas pressure reaches atm
S = ln

T2
T1

S = nR ln

ln
P2
P1

2
1

= (1)(8.314) ln

0.5
1

= {(8.314)(0.693)}
= 5.763 joule/K mol
U = Cv T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga U = 0

H = Cp T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga H = 0

Menurut persamaan U = TS PV atau

U = TS W

0 = (300)(5.763) W
0 = 1728.9 W
W = 1728.9
Menurut Hukum I Termodinamika : U = Q W , sehingga

Q = 1728.9

1728.9
=
= 5.763

300
e. The gas is expanded isothermally against zero opposing pressure (Joule expansion) until the
pressure of the gas is atm
S = ln

T2
T1

S = nR ln

2
1

ln
P2
P1

= (1)(8.314) ln

0.5
1

= {(8.314)(0.693)}
= 5.763 joule/K mol
U = Cv T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga U = 0

H = Cp T,

tetapi karena T2 dan T1 sama, maka T = 0, sehingga H = 0

W=0

maka

Q=0

=0

f. The gas is expanded adiabatically against a constant pressure of atm until the final pressure is
atm
Pada proses adiabatik, maka harga Q = 0

=0

g. The gas is expanded adiabatically and reversibly until the final pressure is atm.
Pada proses adiabatik, maka harga Q = 0
=

=0

=0

Soal
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Q
1247.1
2078.5
1728.9
1250
0
0
0

W
0
831.4
1728.9
1250
0
?
?

U
1247.1
1247.1
0
0
0
?
?

H
2078.5
2078.5
0
0
0
?
?

S
3.579
5.979
5.763
5.763
5.763
?
0

/T
5.763
5.763
0
0
0