Evaluate the probability density at the nucleus of the electron for an electron with n

= 2, l = 0, ml = 0.
Calculate the shortest wavelength line in the Paschen series.
Paschen series n1 = 3
1/lamda = R(1/n12 - 1/n22)
Shortest wavelength => n2 = vô cùng => lamda = n12/R = 9/R = 820nm
9.1(a) Determine the shortest and longest wavelength lines in the Lyman series.
9.1(b) The Pfund series has n1 = 5. Determine the shortest and longest
wavelength lines in the Pfund series.
a) Lyman series n1 = 1
Shortest => n2 = vô cùng => lamda = 11/R
Longest => n2 = 4 => 1/lamda = R(1 – 1/4) => lamda =
b) Shortest => n2 = vô cùng => lamda = 25/R
Longest => n2 = 6 => 1/lamda = R(1/25 – 1/36) => lamda =
9.2(a) Compute the wavelength, frequency, and wavenumber of the n = 2 → n =
1 transition in He+.
9.2(b) Compute the wavelength, frequency, and wavenumber of the n = 5 → n =
4 transition in Li+2 .
a) wavenumber = Z2R(1/n12 – 1/n22)

wavelength (lamda) = 1/wavenumber

Frequency = C/lamda
The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen shows lines at 82 259, 97 492, 102

824, 105 292, 106 632, and 107 440 cm−1 , which correspond to transitions to

the same lower state. Determine (a) the ionization energy of the lower state,

(b) the value of the Rydberg constant

a) I = -Elower = -(-hcR(1/n2)) = hcR = 2.18aJ

b) …

The emission spectrum of atomic deuterium shows lines at 15 238, 20 571, 23

039, and 24 380 cm−1 , which correspond to transitions to the same lower

state. Determine (a) the ionization energy of the lower state, (b) the ionization

energy of the ground state, (c) the mass of the deuteron (by expressing the

Rydberg constant in terms of the reduced mass of the electron and the

deuteron, and solving for the mass of the deuteron). [(a) 328.1 kJ mol−1 , (b)

1312.4 kJ mol−1 , (c) 2.8 × 10−27 kg, a result very sensitive to RD]
Use hydrogenic orbitals to calculate the mean radius of a 1s orbital

Evaluate the mean radius of a 3s orbital by integration.

(a) Use the fact that a 2s orbital has radial nodes where the polynomial factor
(Table 9.1) is equal to zero, and locate the radial node at 2a0/Z (see Fig. 9.4).
(b) Similarly, locate the two nodes of a 3s orbital.
[(a) 2a0/Z; (b) 1.90a0/Z and 7.10a0/Z]
Calculate the most probable radius, r*, at which an electron will be found
when it occupies a 1s orbital of a hydrogenic atom of atomic number Z, and
tabulate the values for the one-electron species from H to Ne9+.
Method
We find the radius at which the radial distribution function of the hydrogenic 1s
orbital has a maximum value by solving dP/dr = 0. If there are several maxima,
then we choose the one corresponding to the greatest amplitude. Answer The radial
distribution function is given in eqn 9.19. It follows that

This function is zero where the term in parentheses is zero, which (other than at r =
0) is at
r*=a0/Z
Then, with a0 = 52.9 pm, the most probable radius is

Notice how the 1s orbital is drawn towards the nucleus as the nuclear charge
increases. At uranium the most probable radius is only 0.58 pm, almost 100 times
closer than for hydrogen. (On a scale where r* = 10 cm for H, r* = 1 mm for U,
Fig. 9.14.) We need to be cautious, though, in extending this result to very heavy
atoms because relativistic effects are then important and complicate the calculation
Find the most probable distance of a 2s electron from the nucleus in a
hydrogenic atom