Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.1 Definition of Internship
2.1 Definition of Internship
1 Definition of Internship
Internship is a process to achieve practical knowledge about some theoretical lesson. Its most important aspect is to acquire knowledge about the real position. As a practical subject, Management needs some practical knowledge. Marketing of Business studies includes an internship programs for its Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) programs. According to Polin Efro (1977). Social Research is such a scientific effort which tries to discover new information through some rational and organized system, which tries to examine the reliability of former information, and which tries to make to new theories, systems and conceptions to understand and Explain a human attitude. Practical work is achieved to fulfill our knowledge. In practical work, we can realize some problems and possible determinants of their solution.
primary and secondary data. It is not abnormal that I may have problem of knowledge. Moreover, it might be said that data have reliable and valid as much as possible. So, I tried my best to prepare my report according to the information available to me.
To find out the existing problems to loss and find out the causes of loss. To analysis the sector wise loan disbursement of the last three year. To measure the overall financial performance of NCC Bank Ltd. To give suggestions for improving its financial performance.
3.1 Introduction
Data collection through census or survey can be used for many purposes. The present study is concerned with the analysis of overall banking system of NCC Bank Ltd. The approach adopted is basically analytical and interpretation in nature considering the objectives of the study and review of literature. It is also decided to employ quantitative descriptive method of analysis and investigations of the empirical data related to the analysis of financial performance problem of NCC Bank Ltd.
d. Central accounts department of NCC Bank limited e. Various types of official documents etc.
4.2Activities of NCCBL
The world economy is going through various crises arising from insurgent activities at various parts of the globe. The turbulence also affected Bangladesh Economy adversely as well. Taka has been devalued. The political unrest caused devastation to the industrial and service sectors. The business community as a whole, apprehending imminent doom, tried to negotiate for a compromise among the various concerned parties. The bank earned a modestly satisfactory result during the year 2008, which contributed in continuing its steady growth in respect of all major indicators, namely Deposit, Advance, Profit, etc. During the year NCCBL has concentrated its focus to a number of income increasing sectors such as SME Financing, Inward Foreign Remittance, etc. Also it has put efforts to bring discipline in administering Banks Asset through various measures. As a whole, the outcome of these efforts was very positive and encouraging indeed. Prudent handling of Asset-Liability is of utmost importance for keeping up profitability at a satisfactory level of any financial institution. During last few years,
with the timely measures taken by the Management under guidance of the Board, it was possible to sustain steady growth through maintaining asset quality. The Bank has separate Credit Administration Department, Recovery Department and also a Task Force for continuous monitoring of difficult loans and advances of the Bank and to propose ways of recovery of Banks dues. This process will continue in upcoming years also. Further, the Bank will pay attention to manage liability also so as to build up a strong deposit base to satisfy investment need of the market. Over the last few years remittance business contributed remarkably in increasing fee based income of the Bank. In order to motivate and inspire the Bangladeshis residing abroad to send their hard earned money through legal Banking channel, NCCBL has taken a number of steps like making remittance arrangements with different money exchange companies all over the world, participating in fairs and meetings with remitters and exchange companies, etc. which brought result beyond expectation. It is a matter of pride that the Bank has been awarded various trophies from exchange companies like MoneyGram for its initiatives in motivating people in this part of the world to avail of the opportunity of sending money through these enterprises. The bank started FRPP, a jointly funded project by DFID in partnership with Bangladesh Bank under the grant facility called Remittances and Payments Challenge Fund (RPCF) where Thangamara Mohila Sobuj Shangha (TMSS), an NGO working for empowering the womenfolk of the country is a partner. Under this project the Bank is using not less than 250 outlets of TMSS to deliver remittance to the beneficiaries where it has no Branch. NCCBL plans to continue this project even after expiry of the RPCF, if proved feasible. The Bank has put due emphasis on grooming up its workforce in a technology based working atmosphere for some time. Also to cater the needs of the customers, very recently NCCBL started full-fledged real time On Line Banking System with implementation of Flora Banking UBS Software and introduced Debit Card in the brand name of MPower Card. The bank also introduced a foreign remittance payment card in the brand name of MBridge Card. Banks Information Technology Division is always engaged in designing need based software and other programmers to ease the situation for the employees so as to enable them to work more dedicatedly to satisfy the customers. Of late financing in SMEs has been proven to be very beneficial for banking sector.
Banks have paid special focus to this sector to expand scopes of extending credit facilities to enhance sustainable profit. SME has been found to be a very potential avenue of financing, since it is believed that small and medium entrepreneurs are very hard working and sincere in paying back Banks money. Banks are optimistic that investing in this sector would not entail huge volume of default loan like conventional or cooperate financing.
4.3 VISION
The vision of the bank is to become the bank of choice in the communities they serve. The bank accomplishes this by offering to their customers the financial services which are expected by their customers while providing a return to their owners. In accomplishing this mission, the bank has now been free from all the natures of a problem bank though full filling all the conditions set by the central bank. They proudly say NCCBL is profit making and problem free.
4.4 MISSION
NCC Bank shall be at the forefront of national economic development by: i) Anticipating business solution required by all NCC Banks customers everywhere and innovatively supplying them beyond the expectation. ii) Setting industry benchmark of world class standard in delivering customer value through the comprehensive product range, customer service and all the activities. iii) Building an exciting team based working environment that will attract, develop and retain employees of exceptional ability who help celebrate the success of banks business, of banks customers and of national development. iv) Maintaining the highest ethical standards and a community responsibility worthy of a leading corporate citizen. v) Continuously improving productivity and profitability and thereby enhancing share holder value.
The Board has appointed the management, which is responsible for the welfare of the Banks directors. Some members of the Board have formed the Executive Committee. Which organizes a meeting in every week to deal with the minor issues such as promotion of cadre change of a confirmed employee. Conversely at least one meeting of the Board is held in every month to deal with major issues such as modification of the existing policy or major policy reforms.
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Managing Director (MD) Additional Managing Director (DMD) Sr. Executive Vice President (SEVP) Executive Vice President (EVP) Senior Vice President (SVP) Vice President (VP) Sr. Assistant Vice President (SAVP) Assistant Vice President (AVP) Senior Principal Officer (SPO) Principal Officer (PO) Senior officer (SO) Officer Grade- I Officer Grade- II Management Trainee officer (MTO) Junior officer (JO) Assistant Officer (AO)
4.7
AUTHORIZED CASPITAL
The authorized Capital of the bank remained unchanged at TK. 5000 Million in the last four years (2006-2009)
4.8
The bank raised its paid up capital from Tk. 1757.62 million to Tk. 2284.90 million during the year, through issuance of 47% bonus share.
4.9
RESERVE FUND
The reserve fund increased to Tk. 3749.64 million in 2009 from Tk. 2863.62 million in 2008 registering a growth of 30.94%
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Retail and Consumer Financing SME Financing Agricultural Financing Import and Export Financing Remittance Products: Special Interest rate on Savings and Term Deposits Wage Earners Welfare Deposit Pension Scheme Loans for Real Estate (Land purchase construction/renovation) Advance against Regular Remittance Service of NCC Bank: Brokerage House. Treasury Service. Remittance Service
and
House
4.11 CARD
ATM Card Credit Card (Local, International and Dual)
4.12 DEPOSIT
The total deposit of the bank is Tk. 53900.15million as on December 31, 2009. The Bank has introduced several welfare oriented deposit schemes to encourage and mobiles savings that have gained popularity among the public. Deposit Structure Year Take (In millions) 2002 16,062.35 2003 15,153.90 2004 16069.23 2005 21478.22 2006 28147.34 2007 34901.77 2008 46904.66 2009 53900.15 Deposit of the bank at the end of the year 2008 was Tk 53900.15 million, which is more than deposit of 2008. From 2000 to 2002 the bank had a rising position but in 2003 it has decrease. It had happened for increase competition in banking sector where the customers are going to the other banks.
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60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Amount
But after 2004 banks deposit are Increases tremendously. This is happen because increasing confidence of customer to NCCBL inspires people to make more and more deposited to NCCBL.
4.13 ADVANCE
The Bank followed its own credit policy within the guidelines of Bangladesh Bank. The Credit portfolio of the Bank is well diversified and broad based covering various sectors of the economy in addition to traditional financing of domestic and international trade. The Bank extended credit facilities under consumer, hire purchase and lease financing schemes as well as loan syndication arrangement with other Banks and Financial Institutions. The Bank also extended financial assistance to small scale industries and industrial loans to a number of projects for employment generation so as to fulfill the socio economic objectives of the Government. During the year Bank has introduced some new collateral free credit products under small loans unit and feasible loan scheme for the first time in banking history. Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Advance Table (2002- 2008) Taka (In millions) 13,147.72 12,850.85 15,211.15 20533.13 24678.36 32687.75 46322.69 50387.68
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Credit of the bank at the end of the year 2009 was TK. 50387.68million, which is more than 8.77 % of the preceding year. Credit investments of bank are increases as increases in the deposit amount. The credit position is shown in the following graph.
60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Amount
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unpredictable economical and political situation. The profit figure at the end of the year stood at Tk 53900.15 million, an increase of 16.33% over the previous years profit figure of Tk 46332.69 million of 2009 and reserve fund went up-to Tk 3749.64 million registering 30.94% growth over last years position of Tk 2863.62 million.
2000 1500 1000 500 0 profit Paid up capital Reserve fund
2008 2009
Like clothes, shops, bakeshops, food shops, NCC Bank is not a debt shop. The term being used by many to call the present say banks. It is now being called a modern bank that undertakes all its operations at an international standard. The bank has been able to attain a commendable CAMEL rating and its performance has been outstanding in terms of profitability for the year ended 2002. Listed in both the Dhaka and Chittagong Bourses since 1993 with an IPO that raised the paid up capital of the bank to Tk.39.00 Crore, the current price level of its share and turn in trading is evidence of its high rating among investors.
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An Over View of NCC Bank Ltd. at Rajshahi Branch 6.1 Historical Background
In Rajshahi zone, it has only one branch. The NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi Branch was established in 25 October, 2005 in Shaheb Bazar & it was transfer Shaheb Bazar to Alupotti more July/2009, at the present time, number of officers and staff at this branch one 15 which include, manager, second officer principal, principal officer, senior officer, officer, cashier, and others.
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19
General Banking
Ancillary Service
Accounts Maintaining
Import
Cash Section
Export
Bills Collection
Remittance
Clean Cash
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Introduction
Banking is a business. This is run on the confidence and trust of people. This confidence enjoyed by banks and enables the bank to mobilize funds from various sources. The word credit derived from Latin word CREDO means I believe. If we analyze this theme it stands for trust & relationship between banker and customers. One of the most important ways a bank or other lending institution can make sure its loans meets regulatory standards and are profitable is to establish a written loan policy. Such a policy gives loan officers and managements specific guidelines in making individual loan decisions and in shaping the overall loan portfolio (Rose et.al. 1995). Each and every bank has got their own credit policy which generally formulated on the basis of prevailing countries socio-economic conditions, political and other related aspects from time to time and as per guideline of central bank. NCC Bank Limited have formulated their own credit policy indicating the areas of lending complied by Bangladesh Bank guidelines. The main features of credit policy of NCC Bank Ltd. have focus on the following areas: i. Trade and Commerce ii. Industry iii. Lease Financing iv. Consumer Financing v. Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Financing vi. Agriculture & Agro-based Ventures vii. Housing Loan Scheme viii. Real Estate & Civil Construction
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4.1.2 Industry
The domain of industry financing of NCC Bank Ltd. basically comprises of: Capital financing in the form of term loan Working capital financing; & Financing of small cottage industries.
Financing for establishment of new industries or reinvestment to existing industries is a specialized function of the bank. NCCBLs policy would be a selective approach to term loan financing to small scale industries and export oriented or import substitute industries which enjoy high degree of national economic priority. In case of financing in this sector bank would prefer syndication with other banks to keep a balanced portfolio. The core of NCCBLs lending activities shall be the working capital financing to large and medium scale industries as well as small scale industries. Track record of operational performance of the industries, credit worthiness of the entrepreneur, and reasonable security coverage shall form the basis of lending policies. Working capital financing to newly set up industries will also be considered on careful examination of validity, cash flow prospects, and entrepreneurial competence.
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Service Concern
0.50-50.00 0.50-50.00
1-25 1-25
50.00-1000.00 50.00-1000.00
Trading Concern
Manufacturing Concern
0.50-150.00
1-50
150.00-2000.00
1-150
Adapted from: Bangladesh Bank ACSPD circular no.8 of the year 2008.
Value of fixed assets are calculated excluding value of land and building.
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A large section of our business community consists of small and medium business owners who are conducting there business with own resources without availing much support from financial institutions. Banks major concentration shall be under this sector under the following categories: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Small Business Loan Festival Small Business Loan Earnest Money Financing Scheme Financing of Service Concern Financing of Trading Concern Financing of Manufacturing Concern
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c) House Building Loan d) Small Business Loan e) Consumer Finance Scheme f) Lease Finance g) Personal Loan
iv) Special Fee Earning Product a) Letter of Credit (L/C) b) Bank Guarantee (B/G) c) Foreign Bank Guarantee (F.B/G) d) Credit Card
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Serial
Category of Loan
01 02
Agriculture
12.50
13.00 13.00
Term Loan (medium & 14.50 large scale industries) Working capital (medium 14.50 & large scale industries) Term Loan & Working 14.50 Capital (Small scale industry) Export Financing a) Packing Credit (PC) b) Export (ECC) Cash Credit 7.00
03
13.00
04
16.00
05
7.00
06
Commercial Loan a) Pledge b) Hypothecation c) PAD d) LIM e) LTR f) IBP g) FBP h) LDBP i) FDBP & Bills Discounted
14.50
13.00
07
13.00
26
08
Consumer Financing a) Small Business Loan b) Festival Small Business Loan c) House Repairing Loan d) Personal loan e) Consumer Scheme Finance
17.00
17.00
09 10 11
2.00/month 14.00
2.00/month 14.00
b) SOD (G) work/supply 16.00 order c) Trans port Loan d) Lease finance 16.00 16.00
16.00 16.00
Source: Adapted from Head Office Instructional Circular of NCCBL (May 2009).
Safety Liquidity Profitability Purpose Security Dispersal/ Spread, and National interest
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4.4.1
Safety
Safety first should be guiding principle of a banker. So far as his advances are concerned, because the very existence of a bank depends on the safety of its outstanding, which should never be sacrificed to the profit earnings capacity of its advances. This has led people to believe that a bank never advance any loan unless it is fully secured. To maintain a banking concern in sound condition, it is very essential that the safety of its advances to customers should be its first principle. The repayment capacity of a borrower depends on the borrowers a) capacity to pay and b) willingness to pay. 4.4.2 Liquidity
Liquidity is the availability of bank funds on short notice. It is not enough that the money will come back, it is also necessary that it must come back on demand or in accordance with agreed terms of repayment. The borrower must be in a position to repay within a reasonable time after a demand for repayment is made; otherwise, the liquidity position of the bank is endangered. 4.4.3 Profitability Commercial bank has to distribute its resources in a manner hat they meet the twin requirements of liquidity and profitability. A banker has; therefore, to see that major portion of the assets owned by it are not only liquid but also aim at earning a good profit. The working funds of a bank are collected mainly by means of deposits from the public and interest has to be paid on these deposits. 4.4.4 Purpose A banker would not through away money for any purpose of which the borrower wants. The purpose should be productive so that the money not only remains safe but also provides a definite source of repayment. The banker should study the purpose for which the loan is required and the resources from which the borrower is expected to repay. If the funds borrower is employed for unproductive purposes like marriage ceremony, pleasure trip, repayment of old debts etc., or speculative activities, the repayment in the normal course will become uncertain. Bankers also discourage advances for a hoarding of stocks. 4.4.5 Security
It is the practice of banks not to lend money without any security. The security offered for an advance is insurance or a cushion to fall back upon in case of need. A banker would not normally like to recover the advance from the safe of the security. They would prefer an advance to come back from the normal source. Security serves
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as a safety value for an unexpected emergency. Security may be of i) Primary security and ii) Collateral security. 4.4.6 Dispersal/Spread
The advances should be as much broad-based as possible and must be in keeping with the deposit structure. The advance must not be in one particular direction or to one particular industry; because any adversity faced by that particular industry will have serious repercussions on the bank. Again advance must not be granted in one area alone. There should be spread of advances against different securities, industries as well as areas. Thus, by a diversification of the advance a banker will be able to spread his risks and considerably improve the safety of advance. 4.4.7 National interest
Banking industry has significant role to play in the economic development of a country. The banker would lend if the purpose of the advance is for overall national development plans necessitating flow of credit to propriety sector in the larger national interest.
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LENDING PROCESS
5.2 Stages of Lending
Most loans to individuals are arise from a direct request from customer who approaches a member of the lenders staff and asks to fill out a loan application. A well thought out lending process is a significant safe guard of depositors money as well as business of the bank (Rose, et.at. 2005). This chapter aims at discussing the scrutiny, approval, disbursement, monitoring, follow-up and supervision process of credit of NCC Bank Limited.
Lending process involves the following three stages: such as i) ii) iii) Pre-sanction Post-sanction/pre-disbursement Post disbursement
Feasibility study. In case of feasibility study NCC Bank Ltd. focuses mainly on
the following aspects: a) Managerial aspects i) Managerial ability ii) Honesty and integrity. iii) Managerial succession. b) Technical aspects i) Whether the technology is outdated or modern to handle by the firm. ii) Cross-check of the pricing as stipulated in the indent/pro-forma invoice. iii) Check the productivity of the proposed plant and machinery matching with the firms goal.
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c) Financial aspects i) Companys operating performance and future earnings prospects. ii) Current financial condition and factors likely to affect in the near future. iii) Demand-supply gap keeping in view the other similar existing industries and the industries which are in the offing. iv) Net worth of the sponsor directors/entrepreneurs/proprietors. v) Credit Risk Analysis.
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Steps of Documentation. There is a saying that bank deal with documents, not with merchandize. Therefore, proper and accurate documentation is utmost necessary to ensure banks interest. Flaw less documentation ensure proper title and rights to the security offered to the bank by the borrower. Documentation involves; a) Preparation of deed. b) Legal opinion. c) Executants and execution. d) Witnessing. e) Stamping of documents as per Stamp Act-1999. f) Registration as per Registration Act-1920, and g) Safe keeping/ preservation of documents. Conditions of a Valid Document. Documents must be made in conformity with the conventional rules, regulations of Bangladesh Bank and the law of the nation. Valid documents must satisfy the following criteria to become acceptable to the bank. a) Documents which are not acceptable in the court of law following cause are mainly behind the invalidation of bank document. b) Alteration and interlineations in documents if it is done after execution. c) The mis-statement misleads delivers a deed. d) If the party is blind or illiterate and if the documents are read falsely. e) The parties executing the documents are not competent. f) Improper stamping/under stamping. g) Want of attestation or witnessing, if necessary. h) Failure to register with competent authority within specific time. i) Ambiguous schedule of the offered security. j) Forgery, tempering deleting of documents. k) Deed executed as a result of undue influence or forcefully. l) Instruments executed in blank (amount, security, liability) with a bad intension. Securitization. Direct securities like Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR), other Term Deposit Receipt, of Deposit Pension Scheme (DPS) etc., standing in the name of the borrower himself and those standing in the name of 3rd party should be liened duly discharged. In case of Collateral Security, Registered mortgage should be created as per Banks Panel Lawyers opinion taking all the chain documents. Such as: a) Original deed b) Bia deed c) C.S., S.A., R.S., Parcha d) Non-encumbrance certificate e) Up-to-date rent receipt, etc.
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Creation of charge with RJSC. In case of accommodation against hypothecation of moveable property (machinery, stock, etc.) of limited company, charge (on the assets acquired/ to be acquired) must be created with the Registrar of Joint Stock Company (RJSC) with in 21 days from the date of documentation and the certificate thereof must be maintained with the charge documents.
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Cost Free Deposit Current Deposit Sundry Deposit Accrued Innt. Payable Bills Payable Sub-total 188.00 251.00 138.00 59.00 636.00 4.48 5.98 3.29 1.41 15.00
Cost Bearing Deposit Savings Deposit Short Term Deposit Term Deposit Special Savings Schemes Sub-total Total deposit (1+2) 188.00 29.00 3134.00 210.00 3561.00 4197.00 4.48 0.69 74.67 5.00 85.00 100
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35
Deposit 6000
4000 3000 2000 1553.06 1000 0 141.94 2005 2006 2007 2008
4197.06
2493.41 2366.73
2009
Year
7.3
At the end of financial year 2009, lending assets of the Branch reached at Tk.2458.00 lac. Cash Credit (Hypo) was Tk.1179.00 lac and SOD was Tk1123.00 lac, respectively. Those were 47.97 percent and 45.69 percent of the total loans and advances of he Branch, respectively. Is was found that Cash Credit (Hypo) and Secured Over Draft consists the largest portion of the lending assets. Where as Consumer Finance Scheme consists the smallest share of the loans and advances of the branch (Table 7.3). Table 7.3 Distribution of loans and advances by category
(Fig. in lac)
Products Cash Credit (Hypo) Secured Over Draft (SOD) Small Business Loan Scheme Loan Against House Building Consumer Finance Scheme Lease Finance Scheme
No. of A/C 39 93 90 1 1 3
Amount (Tk.) Percentage 1179.00 1123.00 69.00 21.00 1.00 7.00 47.97 45.69 2.81 0.85 0.04 0.28
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House Renovation Loan Scheme Personal Loan Scheme NCCBL Car Loan Scheme Festival Small Business Loan Scheme Short Term Loan (STL) Total Loan
5 28 2 3 1 266
Source: Adapted from Daily Statement of Affairs and Module Wise Customer Lager Balance as on 31 December 2009 of NCCBL, Rajshahi Br.
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2500
2458
2000 1500 1000 500 295.99 0 -500 Year 6 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 434.13 889.79
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Profit (Tk.)
80 70
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 5.15 1.05 2005 -7.14 2006 2007 2008 31.21
2009 Year
Percentage
39
1.26 100.00
Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
Branch as on 31 December 2009.
Classified 3%
Unclassified 97%
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Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
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Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
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Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
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Source: Adapted from all loan customer wise balance statement, NCC Bank Ltd., Rajshahi
Branch as on 31 December 2009.
Yield on advance:
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Profit per Employee: Per Employee Income Per Employee Expense Non Performing Loan Ratio:
Non Perfor min g Loan Outs tan ding Loan
Return on Assets:
Table 7.12 Performance Indicator of the Branch for the year ended 2009 Indicators 1.Deposit a) i) Cost bearing deposit ii) Cost free Deposit Total Deposit b) % of Cost bearing Deposit c) % of Cost free deposit d) Cost of Deposit e) Cost of operation(Total cost-Interest cost) Total Cost of fund (d+e) 3583 457 4040 88.69% 11.31% 10.32% 3.15% 13.47% Taka (in lac) / %
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a) Total Loans & Advances b) Classified portfolio c) % of Classified Loan to total Loan & Advances d) yield of advances 3. Credit Deposit Ratio 4. Spread {2(d)-1(d)} 5.Income a) Net Interest Income b) Exchange gain c) Commission & fees Income d) Total Income e) Ratio of Non-Interest Income to Total Income f) Interest income Kept in suspense A/C 6. Expense a) Net Interest Expense b) Salary & Allowances c) Others d) Total Expense e) % Empolyees Expense to Total Expense
311
35 155.10%
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9.Burden Coverage Ratio 10. Return on Assets (ROA) 11. Efficiency Ratio i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Per Emplyee Deposit Per Employee Deposit Per EmployeeClassified Loan Per Employee interest Income Per Employee Non Interest Income Per Employee Income
61:39 0.0079
311 159 5 19 3 23 20 3 2 13 3 16
vii. Per Employee Expense viii. Per Employee Salary & Allowances Expenses ix. Profit/(Loss) per Employee
Strength.
Congenial working environment of the branch. Quality manpower who wants to serve customer well. Branch situated in a prime location of the city. Online facility
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Weakness.
Imbalanced rank and profile of staffs in the branch; Manager is a Sr. Vice President and Deputy Manager is only Senior Officer. In adequate training facility to improve managerial skills No any branch clearing facility Inadequate manpower in cash, general banking, and advances department. At least an ATM booth is required adjacent to branch.
Opportunity.
Trade finance business. Increase small savings. Lease finance to professionals-doctor, finance to small and cottage industry.
Threat.
Latest technology adoption- ATM, Alert Banking, Phone Banking- by competitors. Small segment of large-scale business concern in the city. Risky SME financing due to borrowers easy access to NGO loan, which may lead to over finance and reduce borrowers credit worthiness. CIB report is not available to trace out NGOs loan made to borrower. Customer preference to deposit to FDR which increase cost of fund. Intense competition among competing banks to grab business, which may lead to unsecured financing.
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The present study of conducted to attain a broad objective of analyzing credit policy of NCC Bank Ltd. and to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of credit operations of Rajshahi Branch of NCC Bank Limited. The study further attempt to attain the following objectives in order to reach its broad objective. i. to study the credit policy of NCC Bank Limited; ii. to study the credit risk grading system of NCC Bank Limited; iii. to analyze credit portfolio of NCCBL Rajshahi Branch; iv. to analyze key performance indicators of the Branch;
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v. to analyze Branchs strengths & weakness; and vi. to suggest some policy recommendations. The present study was conducted based on secondary date generated mostly by the automated banking software-Flora Bank UBS- of the bank. The researcher himself collected the data from different published and unpublished material of NCCBL financial documents. Published document is the annual report of the bank, while unpublished sources of secondary data are different monthly statements, quarterly statements, deposit and loan ledgers, Daily Statement of Affairs, Income Statement, Expenditure Statement, and annual closing statements of the branch under study. Each and every bank has got its own credit policy which generally formulated on the basis of prevailing countries socio-economic conditions, political and other related aspects from time to time and as per guideline of central bank. NCC Bank Limited have formulated own credit policy indicating the areas of lending complied by Bangladesh Bank guideline. The main features of credit policy of NCC Bank Ltd. have focus on the following areas: i. Trade and Commerce ii. Industry iii. Lease Financing iv. Consumer Financing v. Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Financing vi. Agriculture & Agro-based Ventures vii. Housing Loan Scheme and viii. Real Estate & Civil Construction Pricing of loan depends on the cost of rising loanable funds and the operating costs of running the lending institutions. As consequences of regulatory compliance and global economic crises NCC Bank re-fixed its interest rates at a lower rate in the second quarter of the year 2009. Now the banks interest rates ranges from 13 percent to 17 percent per year. Most loans to individuals are arise from a direct request from customer who approaches a member of the lenders staff and asks to fill out a loan application. A well thought out lending process is a significant safe guard of depositors money as well as business of the bank (Rose, et.at. 2005). Lending process involves three stages: such as i. ii. iii. Pre-sanction Post-sanction/pre-disbursement and Post disbursement
Pre-sanctions stage involves justification of the prospective borrowers credit worthiness. Pre-disbursement stage involves securitization of the loans with adequate primary and collateral security. While post-disbursement stage involves monitoring
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and realization of the lending money. The Credit Risk Grading matrix allows application of uniform standards to credits to ensure a common standardized approach to assess the quality of individual obligor, credit portfolio of a unit, line of business, the branch or the Bank as a whole. Risk grading would also be relevant for surveillance and monitoring, internal MIS and assessing the aggregate risk profile of a Bank. It is also relevant for portfolio level analysis. Credit risk for counter party arises from an aggregation of the following: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Financial Risk Business/Industry Risk Management Risk Security Risk Relationship Risk
Each of the above mentioned key risk areas require be evaluating and aggregating to arrive at an overall risk grading measure. NCC Bank Ltd. Rajshahi Branch commenced its journey on 25th October 2005. Since inception the branch was trying to serve for the greater interest of all its stakeholders and of the society. There are one executive, Sr. Vice President & Manager, and eleven officers employed in the branch. Deposit of the branch stood at Tk.4197.00 lac at the end of the year 2009. Total deposit consists of 15 percent cost free deposits and 85 percent cost bearing deposits, respectively. And the growth rate of deposit was 77.39 percent over the last years deposit. In the year ended 2009, lending assets of the Branch reached at Tk.2458.00 lac. Cash Credit (Hypo) was Tk.1179.00 lac and SOD was Tk1123.00 lac, respectively. Which were 47.97 percent and 45.69 percent of the total loans and advances of the branch, respectively. It was found that Cash Credit (Hypo) and Secured Over Draft consisted the largest portion of the lending assets. Where as Consumer Finance Scheme consisted the smallest share of the loans and advances portfolio of the branch. And in the year ended 2009 total loans and advances was Tk.2458.00 lac, which shows 179.24 percent growth of the portfolio over the last years loans and advances. The Branch made highest profit of Tk. 63.25 lac in the year 2009 with a growth rate of 102.66 percent over the last year, where as profit was lowest at the end of the year 2006. Trend of growth of profit of the branch was increasing upward over the years of operation. Is was found in the study that Tk.69.99 lac out of total loans and advances of Tk.2458.00 lac was classified adversely under different category of loans and advances accounts. The ratio of classified loan amount was 03 percent of total loans
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and advances in the year ended 2009. Therefore, 97 percent of the lending was fallen in the category of unclassified or standard category of assets of the branch. In case of qualitative evaluation of individual lending products it was found that CC (H) and SOD were the highest performing products of the Branch. And SBLS was the worst performing product of the branch in terms of income generation and classification status. It was found in the study that at the end of the year 2009 the branchs SBLS outstanding stands for Tk.68.53 lac only, among which 36.18 percent was standard and generating income for the branch and 5.61 percent was marked as SMA, 18.64 percent was market as SS, 21.92 percent was marked as DF, and 17.64 percent was marked as BL, respectively. It was observed that most of the SBLS loan accounts are non-performing in the branch.
RECOMMENDATION
On the basis of the finding of the study it was evident that NCCBL Rajshahi Branch was operating profitably and generating employment opportunity to the people of Bangladesh. But the bank still has scope to improve its operating efficiency to generate more income. The policy makers should, therefore, take necessary measures according to the findings of the study; some policy recommendations may be advanced which are likely to be useful for policy formulation: (a) A balance in the hierocracy of employees of the branch should be maintained. That is huge gap between Manager and Deputy Manager and different section in charge should be eliminated. (b) More employment training and development program should be taken by controlling authority to ensure employee competence in order to cope with the changing financial markets. (c) ATM network and any branch clearing facility should be introduced. (d) Some service charge free deposit accounts should be developed. Such as salary account for corporate houses, students savings account, retired peoples savings account, savings accounts for farmers and so on. and (e) Loan sanctioning process should be more quickly.
CONCLUSION
There are many banks in Bangladesh. Every bank has the same target to earn profit. To earn profit bank needs to accept several policies so that it can provide more satisfaction to its customers than the competitors. For this perspective bank strengthen its marketing activities. As a result, all banks are not tantamount, and accordingly Bangladesh Bank as the watchdog of the money market grading the banks. However the discipline of the banking sector is now outstanding. This is the only sector, where the technologies cope very fast. The officials are trying hard to provide their best for
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the betterment of the bank and also for the society. The NCC bank has successfully made a positive contribution to the economy of Bangladesh with in very short period. NCCBL is offering special deposit schemes with higher benefit, which is a crying need for long-term position in the financial market Because of the existence of many banks in the financial market, deposit has spread over So, it is necessary to hold some permanent customer by offering special deposit schemes otherwise in future amount of deposit may come down To strengthen the future prospect of branch, it is emergence to collect more deposit. From the practical implementation of the customer dealing the whole period of any practical orientation in NCC Bank Limited, Rajshahi branch, I have reached fain and concrete contusion in a very confident way. I believe that my realization will be in harmony with most of the banking thinkers. Success in banking business largely depends on effective and efficient loan services. the more income from the credit operation the more will be profit of the bank . Foreign trade operation and general banking both section of the bank played a significant role in the overall business where the potential customers are always there. It can be easily said that NCC Bank is a progressive Commercial Bank in private sector it creates new opportunities for its clients as well as give customerized services and maintains harmonious banker-client relationship. It contributes towards formation of national capital, growth of savings & investment in trade, commerce & industrial sectors. If they follow recommendation and take necessary action accordingly I think the bank will develop quickly and will come in top position in banking sector.
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REFERENCE
International Financial Management- 7th ed.- Jeff Madura Foreign Exchange and Financing of Foreign Trade- Syed Asraf Ali Financial management and Policy-10th ed. -Van Horne Financial Statement analysis- 2nd Edition - George Foster Newspaper: Financial Express Bangladesh Bank Publications Annual Report of NCC Bank Ltd. 2008 www.bangladesh-bank.com www.google.com www.seribd.com www.roc.gov.bd www.nccbank-bd.com
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