Works Cited Abraham Geiger. Jewish Virtual Library. American-Isreali Cooperative Enterprise, 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/AbrahamGeiger.

h tml>. This source was used to describe Geiger. The Jewish Virtual Library has been a consistent source of reliable information. It helped us get a general understanding of Geiger and his accomplishments, so we were able to describe him accurately on our website. It gave insight into his accomplishments. Abraham Geiger. N.d. South African Union for Progressive Judaism. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.saupj.org.za/articles/18jul 200anniversary1.html>. This photograph of Geiger was a useful visual in the formation of our project. The South African Union for Progressive Judaism was a reliable resource. Although it was not made to be an historical site, the page this picture is found on had the correct information about Geigers life and provided information about Judaism at the time. Adler, Cyrus. Kaufmann Kohler. Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Jewish Encyclopedia. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9419-kohler-kaufmann>. This reliable encyclopedia written by Cyrus Adler gave detailed information on Kaufmann Kohler. This information was very helpful, as he actively helped Reform Judaism and was a great supporter of Wise.

This article outlined all of his major actions that were relevant to Reform Judaism. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. The Tenets of Reform Judaism. The Jewish Virtual Library. N.p., 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/reform_practices.ht ml>. The source was specifically helpful in the preliminary research of the reform movement in Germany. The site itself has an extensive collection of information on the Reform Movement an other areas of Judaism. It has been a consistent and informative resource. Appel, John J. The Trefa Banquet. Commentary Magazine Feb. 1966: n. pag. Commentary Magazine Archive. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-trefa-banquet/>. This magazine article gave an overview of the Trefa Banquet. It contained many of the reactions on the topic. Although it did not go greatly in depth on the specifics of the Trefa Banquet, it was a good source for a starting point on researching that topic. Berlin, Adele, and Maxine Grossman. OED of the Jewish Religion. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Google Books. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://books.google.com/books? id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&ca d=0#v=onepage&q&f=false>. This source was very informational. It was a complete overveiw of the history of the Jewish religion, because of this not much of it was used in our project but we were able to use a few

quotes that strengthed our claim on Reform in Germany. Because it was printed by Oxford University and is in the Library of Congress, this source is extremely reliable. Bnai Jeshurun Temple. N.d. National Museum of American Jewish History. National Museum of American Jewish History. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://www.nmajh.org/exhibitions/postcards/images/28.jpg>. This primary source postcard gave a clear visual of the temple. It was interesting seeing a postcard from this time period, and it was a good visual aspect to supplement the words of the website. Bnai Yeshrun on the corner of Eighth and Plum street. 1912. Kreemer Art Co. Cincinnati, OH. Jewish Postcards. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.nmajh.org/exhibitions/postcards/cards/37.htm>. This postcard is a visual example of the temple. It is used to give a visual example of The plum street temple. It is especially valuable because it is and artists rendition of the temple, not many years after the synagogue was first erected. The source itself was fairly reliable and simple, it did have an extensive collection of postcards with dates and artists, but not much information about their history. Borowitz, Eugene B, and Naomi Patz. Explaining Reform Judaism. N.p.: Behrman House, Inc., 1985. Google Book Search. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books>. This easy to understand book provided many good pictures. It was very reliable and was one of our first books, giving a starting point for research as it encompassed all of

the major points of our project. It covered most of the aspects of Judaism in a very simple and easy to comprehend way. Brody, Seymour. Isaac Mayer Wise. Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Enterprise, 1996. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/IWise.html>. The Jewish Virtual Library has been a consistently useful tool in our research. It has an extensive collection of information ranging from Jewish beliefs to the religions earliest history. This article was useful in our preliminary research of Isaac Mayer Wise. Buxbaum, Shelly M., Sara E. Karesh, and Carl Sifakis. Jewish Faith in America. Ed. J. Gordon Melton. Santa Barbara: Shoreline Publishing Group, 2003. Print. Faith in America. This book had very good information about how Jews adapted in America. It also contained great primary sources on the Jews adaption in America and the Jews struggles to fit in, such as The Jewish Daily Forward. As well as that, it had concise information on the changes in Jewish practices.

Cahan, Abraham. A Classic Column. 1972. the Jewish Daily Forward, Special. Jewish Daily Forward. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.forward.com/articles/128152/>. This image was used in depicting the Bintel Breif, a legendary column in the Jewish Daily Forward. The website of the newspaper is where the image came from so it is reliable. The picture specifically shows that the column was

written in Hebrew, significant because most immigrants couldnt yet speak English so this was one of the few resources they had to understand their new environment. A Century of Immigration, 1820-1924. 350 Years of Jewish Life in America. Lib. of Congress, 27 July 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-century.html>. This source was a helpful resource for quotes and images. Coming from the library of Congress, it was a reliable tool in our research. It was used mostly in the last steps in the formation of our project to enhance pages that were lacking images such as our America page. Overall, it was a very useful tool in our research. Collage of Wise and Accomplishments. N.d. Isaac Mayer Wise Digital Archive. Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, 1990. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/home.php>. This image was an interesting visual to include in our website. It is a display of images or Wises greatest accomplishments and a photograph of himself. We used it to enhance our Isaac Mayer Wise page, giving the audience a general visual example of what was to come. The site itself has been a consistent source of reliable and useful information. Congretation Anshe Emeth. N.d. Jewish Museum: Milwaukee. Milwaukee Jewish Federation, n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishmuseummilwaukee.org/history/timeline/index.php>. This source displayed Wises congregation of followers, Anshe Emeth. It

helped show the point in a visual way. Because it was found in a museum, the image is very reliable and therefor a useful tool in our research. Connors, Anthony. Then & Now Temple Beth-el. New York Daily News 22 Feb. 1998: n. pag. New York Daily News. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. <http://articles.nydailynews.com/>. This news article gave a reliable source of information about the starting of Beth-el. It compared the temple today to when it was founded by David Einhorn, a major player in the fight against Wises reforms. It was interesting seeing what a secular newspaper had to say about the temple, and it gave unbiased facts on the founding of the temple. Council Refuses to Recognize Reform College as Higher Learning Institute. Jewish Telegraphic Agency 22 Dec. 1972: n. pag. Jewish News Archive. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://archive.jta.org/article/1965/08/04/3081450/reform congregations-in-u-s-adopt-reform-congregation-in-israel>. Hebrew Union College (derived from Isaac Mayor Wises temple) of Jerusalem was not recognized as an Israeli institution of higher education because it only gives a few of the courses that are offered in the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. This shows how Wises reforms spread out of America and the reaction to that. The Jewish News Archive is an authentic source of information on the more current examples of Wises reforms.

David Einhorn. Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Corporative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Einhorn.html>. This website from the Jewish Archives about David Einhorn was clear and comprehensive. It gave good information about Wises opposer as well as a picture which helped make our website more visually pleasing. David Einhorn was a key opposer to Wise, and this website emphasized how strongly Einhorn opposed him which was very influential in the reaction to Wises work. David Einhorn Papers. American Jewish Archives. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/aja/FindingAids/DavidEinhorn.htm#b io>. This site contained a biography of Einhorn which showed a negative Reformers reaction to Wises work. This overview of his life didnt go into depth but it was what was needed for the project. Since Einhorn was such an important opposer to Wise, this biography had a lot of information that was needed to fully explore the negative reactions to Wise. Davis, Moshe. The Emergence of Conservative Judaism. N.p.: Greenwood Press, 1963. Google Books. Web. 26 Jan. 2012. <http://books.google.com/>. This book gave a clear idea of how the Conservative movement started in reference to the Pittsburgh Platform, which was related to Wise. This was much needed information in our

formation of the website, as the Conservative split is a main part of the reaction to the reform. Evan. St. Mary, Star of the Sea. 4 June 2010. Inscrutable Being. N.p., 2012. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://inscrutablebeing.blogspot.com/2010/06/st mary-star-of-sea-1882-basil.html>. This church was used to give a visual example of how similar the Isaac Mayer Wise Temple is to a traditional christian church. It has no significance to the Jewish Reform movement besides its startling similarity to the temple. The source itself is not extremely professional, but because this is a photograph taken by a Architectural historian the image itself is reliable. Felix Adler. N.d. American Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://americangallery.wordpress.com/2010/07/09/douglas-volk-1856 1935/>. This site had very interesting and detailed pictures from the 1800s. Having visuals from this time period is very important in the making of our project. Felix Adler was very important in the formation of the Jewish Reform movement, so this information about his impact helped fully form what caused the Reform in our website. First Reform synagogue, Seesen, Germany. N.d. Reform Judaism, Union for Reform Judaism Online. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=2802>. This picture was used to show what Israel Jacobsons temple looked like. Few other sources had this picture so it is a valuable asset to our website. The Union for Reform Judaism Online had an extensive collection of

articles similar to this one. They claim to be the official voice of the Union for Reform Judaism which proves it to be a reliable source. Fox, Steve, Rabbi, and Lance Sussman, Rabbi. Rabbinic Road Out of a Wilderness. Reform Judaism: n. pag. Union for Reform Judaism. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=2807>. This magazine had very clear and succinct information that was crucial to our project. The writing was perfect to quote, and it was interesting seeing what other distinguished rabbis had to say on the subject. It answered the main questions about our project, such as what was the purpose of the Central Conference French Revolution. Jewish Virtual Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0007_0_ 06791.html>. This web page gave a very detailed look at how the French Revolution impacted Judaism. It explained how the humanist ideas of the Enlightenment period led to Jews being accepted in society. This was a much needed aspect for the project, as it gave the Revolution area in Revolution, Reaction, Reform. Frequently Asked Questions on Reform/Progressive Judaism. Internet FAQ Archives. Advameg, Inc., 6 Feb. 2004. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/judaism/FAQ/10-Reform/>. This source was a useful tool in background information. It had an extensive collection of important information on Jewish history, making it a valuable starting point in our research. The information was extremely detailed and

accurate. This source was used especially in the history of reform in Germany. G., Jesse. Lower East Side History through the Eyes of Amateur Jewish Writers. Essex street and Canal. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.mapsites.net/gotham/sec8/tour2jdgoldman1.html>. This source provided an image of the Jewish Daily Forward and quotes from it. It was not a very extensive description but was useful in providing us with the picture and primary source quotes from young people writing to the editors of the newspaper. God in America A New Light. PBS, 2010. PBS. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/view/>. This video gave a helpful overview of our project. It had many quotes from Isaac Mayer Wise as well as interviews with a lot of very well known and researched historians. This gave us an idea of who was influential in the Reform movement, as well as giving insight into how Protestantism and Judaism interconnect. God the Lawgiver. N.d. Quick and Powerful Bible Study: Sabbath School Lesson. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. <http://www.quickandpowerful.org/>. This source had many original paintings depicting the ideas from the Bible. The image we used, which was that of God giving Moses the laws at Mount Sinai, showed the differences in the views of the Reform and Orthodox branches of Judaism. It gave the viewer a visual aspect to enhance the information, while making our website more aesthetically

pleasing. Gurock, Jeffrey. Interview. PBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/interviews/jeffrey-gurock.html>. This interview gave a historians view on the most important questions of Judaism. It laid out the biggest reactions in a famous historians point of view. The clear and concise language was very helpful in understanding these complex points about the theology of Judaism. - - -. Personal interview. 31 Jan. 2012. This interview with the well known historian, Jeffrey Gurock, was an interesting interview to take. Gurock has done many interviews on the topic of our project, and talking to him personally through email gave insight onto this historian who we had heard so much about. He gave very clear answers which were very helpful in the formation of our project. Harold, Sharfman. Altercation at Beth-El. 1988. Jewish-American History Foundation. Jewish-American History Documentation Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. This image was intended to shock the reader, showing that the reaction was more than just written words. Wises beliefs resulted in a fist fight, showing the extremity of some of the reactions. This emphasized how serious the reforms were, and showed an interesting visual aspect as it is a drawn picture. Hebrew Union College Records. American Jewish Archives. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/aja/FindingAids/hucinv.htm#bio>.

This source gave extensive record of the Hebrew Union College. It was most helpful in its brief overview of the college and its significance. It is very reliable, especially because it is part of the American Jewish Archives. Most of the information given was unnecessary for our research but the source was still a useful tool in the preliminary research of the topic. Hebrew Union Colleges first four graduates, 1883. 1883. American Jewish Archives, Timeline. Isaac Mayer Wise Digital Archive. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/timeline.php>. This image was used to portray the first four graduates of the Hebrew Union college in 1883. The image gives a visual representation of the beginnings of the College. It was found in the American Jewish Archives, a consistently reliable and informative source for our primary source research. Heller, James Guntheim. Isaac M. Wise: His Life, Work and Thought. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1965. Print. This book is by James Heller, who was ordained at the Hebrew Union College and served as president of the rabbinic conference founded by Wise. It is a comprehensive biography of Isaac Mayer Wises life. It was very complex, but all of the information was very important and relevant to our project. A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People. Chart. Matterhorn Travel. N.p., 2012. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. <http://matterhorntravel.com/world-of-our fathers.html>. This chart was especially helpful in providing a visual for

the masses of immigrants traveling to America in the early eighteen hundreds. It was very useful and valuable because information like this displayed as a chart is rare. The site has correct information and detail but doesnt look as professional as others weve visited. Because all the information was correct and thorough, the source was deemed acceptable. History. Hebrew Union College Jewish Institute of Religion. The Manuel D. and Rhoda Mayerson Foundation, 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://huc.edu/about/history.shtml>. This source was a general overview of the history of he Hebrew Union College. What made it particularly interesting, though, was the fact it was written by members of the congregation today. This not only provides a reliable background on the temple but gives a unique, personal explanation of its history. The site shows how far the College has come since Wise. History. The Jewish Daily Forward. Forward Association, 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.forward.com/about/history/#ixzz1m7El8za6>. This source was used to aid in our description of the Jewish Daily Forward. Coming from the site itself, the information was reliable and useful. It gave a detailed account of its own history and touched upon many of the key points we focused on for the background of American Reform. Honig, Sarah. The rightful heirs of Palestine. 1806. The Jerusalem Post. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx? id=175461>. This is an image of Napoleon emancipating the Jews. It is

symbolic of the end of religious persecution of Jews in France and therefore is a valuable resource for our project, depicting the background of Jewish reform. The column the image is part of is from the Jerusalem Post, which is a reliable resource for Jewish information. Immigrants in Ellis Island. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://mrclark.aretesys.com/immigeuro.htm>. Though the reliability of this source is questionable, because this a legitimate photograph from Ellis Island, is was still useful in the formation of our project. It helped to give the viewer a visual example of what it was like to be a Jewish immigrant going through Ellis Island. Interior of Bene Yeshurun (Isaac Mayer Wise) Temple. 1866. Google Books. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://books.google.com/books>. This image was a useful part of our research. It is found in few places online, which made it especially valuable resource to include in the website. The author did not give much information on where the picture was from, but the book itself has been a very reliable tool in our research. The picture enhances our Bene Yeshrum page by giving an example of what the temple looked like when it first began. Interior of the Isaac M. Wise Temple, established as the Plumb Street Temple in 1866. N.d. New World Encyclopedia. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Isaac_Mayer_Wise>. This image is an example of the temple at its start. This image was also used in the temple or church quiz because it a good example of how

much the temple looks like a church. The New World Encyclopedia was a helpful tool in our research. Many of the other sites where this image was found were much more questionable. Although it did not give the information of the photographs origins, it was a reliable source because it gave clear accurate information. Isaac Mayer Wise. Jewish Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14954-wise-isaac-mayer>. This unedited version of the Jewish Encyclopedia gave an interesting perspective on Isaac Mayer Wise as the Encyclopedia had not been edited since 1906. It has a brief summary of his life and only cited Wises autobiography as a source, but it still had clear information and was interesting to read. Isaac Mayer Wises Autobiography Reminiscences. 10 Jan. 2012. Personal photograph by author. We went to Brandeis University where there were many good primary sources and books. This was very helpful as we were able to take physical pictures of primary sources such as the actual text of Reminiscences which was published in 1901. Isaac M. Wise. 1880. Isaac Mayer Wise Digital Archive, Photographs. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of The American Jewish Archives. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/view.php?id=5232>. This image is one of the most popular photographs of Wise. It was very useful and gave a visual example of Wise for our home page. The website itself has many helpful primary sources like this one that aided

in the formation of our website. Isaac M. Wise. 1889. Isaac Mayer Wise Digital Archive, Timeline. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of The American Jewish Archives. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org /wise/timeline.php>. This image was used to illustrate our explanation of Wise as president of the Hebrew Union College. It shows how small the college was when it started and many of the faculty and students. It came from the timeline of Isaac Mayer Wises life and his accomplishments. This timeline has been very informative, clear and concise. It was a useful resource in the formation of our project. Israel Jacobsin. 1801. Stdtisches Museum Seesen. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.museum-seesen.de/index.php?id=60>. This source provided a useful image of Israel Jacobson. It helped to enhance the Historical Context - Germany page. Although the website was in German it was reliable because it was a museum near where Israel Jacobson lived. The image is rare and found in few website, making it especially valuable to our project. Israels Minister of Religion Attacks American Reform Judaism. Jewish Telegraphic Agency 26 Sept. 1962: n. pag. Jewish News Archive. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://archive.jta.org/article/1962/09/26/3070933/israels minister-of-religion-attacks-american-reform-judaism#>. The reaction of the Israel Minister of Religion to American Reform Judaism spreading in Israel gave an idea of the reaction to REform Judaism in places other

than America. It was a reliable primary source reaction outside of America. Jack Spiro. N.d. Virginia Commonwealth University Judaic Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.vcu.edu/judaicstudies/>. This picture of Jack Spiro, one of our interviewees, gave a personal look at his life outside of being a rabbi. This website gave a comprehensive look at his life. Furthermore, the picture allowed to continue the interactive aspect of our interview page. Jacobs, Louis, Rabbi. Reform Judiasm. My Jewish Learning. Oxford University Press, n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Modern_History/1700 1914/Denominationalism/Reform.shtml>. This source did contain advertisements but was a helpful tool in finding background information. The content was accurate and fit with other information found. The website itself seemed reliable, besides the occasional advertisement it had an extensive collection of Jewish history. James Rosenbloom. N.d. Brandeis University. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://brandeis.libguides.com/>. This picture of James Rosenbloom allowed the interview page to become more visual. Having a picture of him was key in the formation of this page, as without this visual component it would not create the interactive aspect of clicking the picture to see the transcript. As well as this, it was good having an picture from his online Brandeis profile.

Jeffrey Gurock. N.d. The Jewish Week. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.thejewishweek.com/category/person/jeffrey_gurock>. This article about Jeffrey Gurock showed all of his accomplishments. The picture of Mr. GUrock that it gave allowed an interactive aspect of the interviews page as well as giving the readers a connection with the man that we quoted so much throughout the website. Jewish Estimate -- Number of Adherents (2000). Map. Association of Religious Data Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/maps/map.asp? state=7&variable=17>. Interesting statistics on how many Jews were in which areas of the United States today, shows how Judaism spread across the United States. Jim Rosenbloom. N.d. Brandeis. Springshare, n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://brandeis.libguides.com/profile.php?uid=4195>. This photograph of Jim Rosebloom was used to enhance our Interviews Page. It was directly off of his profile page in the Brandeis Library, not only proving the image to be reliable but also his knowledge on the topic. Rosebloom gave us interesting and credible information that was useful in the final stages of our research. Jonas, Joseph. The Jews in Ohio. Letter to Isaac Leeser. 25 Dec. 1843. The Occident and American Jewish Advocate. N.p., 1844. 1. The Occident and American Jewish Advocate. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishhistory.com/Occident/volume1/feb1844/ohio.html>. This letter to Isaac

Leeser gave a personal feeling of a Jew at the time, 1843. Joseph Jonas, a researched historian on Jews at the time, talked about Judaism and his research at the time. It talked about the reaction to the secularization that was happening, and as The Occident was an Orthodox newspaper, this letter was based of the Orthodox viewpoint. Kaplan, Dana Evan. American Reform Judaism. N.p.: LC Cataloging, 2003. Print. Dana Evan Kaplans book shows how Reform Judaism is seen in the world today. It had good information about how worship changed, as well as it included many good pictures with easy to understand answers. It had a very good section on the changes in education and the impact that had on Judaism. Kaufmann Kohler. 1903. New York Public Lib, New York. New York Public Library Digital Gallery. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/>. This primary source picture gave a visual from the time. This gallery was a reliable source, and it gave many other pictures although we didnt use all of them. A gallery which gave many primary source pictures was very helpful to browse through whenever we needed to add a visual aspect to the website. Klinger, Jerry. The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming. The Jewish Magazine. N.p., 2004. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishmag.com/85mag/usa8/usa8.htm>. This source was useful because it gave a thorough overview of the subject. We used it as a quote to explain The Jewish Daily Forward in our America page.

Although the formatting of the site was not entirely professional, the information is accurate and extensive. The author of this particular page was Jerry Klinger who is President of the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, which makes this information reliable. Kramer, William M., ed. The Western Journal of Isaac Mayer Wise, 1877. Berkeley: Western Jewish History Center, 1974. Print. It was interesting seeing Wises journal and his commentary on his actions. This source was not very helpful in the formation of our project, but it gave insight on WIses ideas at the time of his Western Journal. Having a primary source written by the person our project focused on was a very good reference point to other works, seeing if the sources reliably had the information as well as seeing Wises bias. Lazuras, Ashley, dir. Faith and Fate. Berel Wein. Berel Wein Destiny Series, 2009. JewishHistoryDotOrg. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S58ivjU9PeE&noredirect=1>. This video was an overview of Jewish history so it was not very specific to our topic, but it did have a few very helpful clips such as the one used for our Historical Context page. The website, JewishHistory.org was a reliable resource in the formation of our project. Markely, Todd, Rabbi. Personal interview. 18 Feb. 2012. This interview was especially useful coming from someone who graduated from the Hebrew Union College and is a prominent member in the Jewish Reform Community. His answers were very informative and useful. One answer

summed up the project so well it was used in our conclusion page. Markowitz, Sidney L., Rabbi. Jewish Religion, History, Ethics and Culture. New York: Citadel, 1955. Print. This source was not very helpful. It gave very vague descriptions of the events and information that we needed in our research. It had barely any specifics and not much detail in how and why. It was helpful as a starting point for our research, as we realized we needed to narrow down our research a lot. May, Max B. Isaac Mayer Wise: The Founder of American Judaism A Biography . N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Internet Archive. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://www.archive.org/stream/isaacmayerwise00mayuoft/isaacmayer wise00mayuoft_djvu.txt>. This biography by Max B. May gave information in a clear way. Although the archive was hard to navigate, it gave good information. It also gave primary source quotes that helped further research for the project. Meyer, Michael A., and W. Gunther Plaut. The Reform Judaism Reader: North American Documents. N.p.: URJ Books and Music, 2001. Google Books. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books>. This reference book chronicles the history of Reform Judaism. The reknowned authors of the book show the changing of Reform Judaism with primary sources and other historical documents. It is helpful in understanding the issues of Judaism. The book also has a lot of information about the Pittsburgh Platform and the Central Conference of American Rabbis. - - -. The Reform Judaism Reader: North American Documents. New York:

UAHC, n.d. Print. This book gave primary sources for many of the key events and people in Reform Judaism history. It was very easy to follow and neatly outlined information that was crucial in researching and forming our project. We were able to find a primary source from Israel Jacobson which couldnt be found on the internet. Meyer, Micheal A. Judaism within Modernity: Essays on Jewish History and Religion. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 2001. Google Books. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books? id=iq631Hn_gioC&pg=PA304&dq=jewish+reform&hl=en#v=onepage& q&f=false>. This book by Michael A. Meyer, a very distinguished Jewish historian, was highly detailed. It was very organized and a reliable source. The information was very useful, and it was clear and concise. Minhag America. 1872. Libraries at Hebrew Union College. Web. 6 Feb. 2012. <http://huc.edu/libraries/collections/ebooks/minhag amerika/minhagam.php>. This picture of the Minhag America, the revised prayer book that Isaac Mayer Wise wrote, gave a good primary source picture of the prayer book in 1872. It added to the visual aspect of the website, allowing the reader to see what the cover of the prayer book would look like. It also gave insight into the formating of prayer books at that time. Mintz, Adam, Rabbi. The Jews of Cincinnati. 5 May 2009. Rabbi Adam Mintz. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.rabbimintz.com/wp content/uploads/audio/Jews_in_Cincinnati.mp3>. This audio clip was very

interesting especially coming from a Modern Conservative Rabbi speaking about, primarily, the reform movement. Although found in the later steps of our research it was a good tool for learning about the broad topic, especially some background information on Cincinnati. His presentation was informative and very useful in terms of taking a clip for our Hebrew Union College page. Mound Street Vestry. 1875. Isaac Mayer Wise Digital Archive, Timeline. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of The American Jewish Archives. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/timeline_image.php? id=34>. This image shows the very first classroom of the Hebrew Union Collage. It is a useful example of the beginning of the college to how far it has come today. The American Digital Archives have been an extremely helpful and reliable source of photographs and information. Movements of Judaism. Judaism 101. Tracey R Rich, 2011. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewfaq.org/movement.htm>. This source was not used very extensively. It was helpful in finding statistics concerning the growth of the Reform Movement. Besides the specific page we looked out, the website contains an extensive collection of various topics around Judaism which would have been very helpful if our topic had been broader. Munichs main synagogue. N.d. Liberale jdische Gemeinde Mnchen Beth Shalom. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.bethshalom.de/nl/1998/07/synagogue.htm>. Though the website itself was

not very useful, the images of this were helpful in providing images of the temple on Germany for our slide show. This image was only found on a few websites which is why is a useful resource for our project. The Myth of the Trefa Banquet: American Culinary Culture and the Radicalization of Food Policy in American Reform Judaism. American Jewish Archives Journal: n. pag. American Jewish Archives. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/journal/PDF/2005pp29 52%20Myth%20of%20Trefa.pdf>. This site gave a very detailed historians view on the Trefa Banquet. It had many different ideas than the normal view, as it was called the Myth of the Trefa Banquet. The source was part of an archive that was very helpful in the research. Obama, Barack. President Obama Speaks at the 71st General Assembly of the Union for Reform Judaism. Union for Reform Judaism. 16 Dec. 2011. Youtube. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=WcMZ-TJYevM>. This video gave a modern look at how Reform Judaism has evolved since Wise. The president of the United States addressing this topic shows how important and significant our project is in modern life. It was interesting seeing what he had to say about what we researched in a speech, and his words added a valuable modern touch to our website. Ohio Historical Society. Plum Street Temple. 2003. Remarkable Ohio. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx? historicalMarkerId=916>. This image was a clear photograph of Wises

temple. It is from the Ohio Historical Society which proves it to be a reliable tool in our research. The photograph is especially useful because it displays the Star of David which is one of they key points that differentiates the temple from the physically similar church we compare it to. - - -. Plum Street Temple. 2003. Remarkable Ohio. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.remarkableohio.org/HistoricalMarker.aspx? historicalMarkerId=916>. This image was a clear photograph of Wises temple. It is from the Ohio Historical Society which proves it to be a reliable tool in our research. The photograph is especially useful because it displays the Star of David which is one of they key points that differentiates the temple from the physically similar church we compare it to. The Origins of Reform Judaism. Jewish Virtual Library. America-Isreali Cooperative Enterprise, 2010. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/The_Origins_of_Ref orm_Judaism.html>. This website from the Jewish Virtual library gave very reliable and useful information. It had good specific examples of reforms made by rabbis in Germany and America. It gave a detailed overview of the information needed in our topic.

Our History. Congregation Beth Emeth. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://bethem.pmhclients.com/>. This website on the history of Temple

Beth Emeth, a combination of Temple Anshe Emeth and Temple Beth-El was very interesting to read about. It showed how Isaac Mayer Wises work had an impact on Judaism in the modern temples of today. It also gave a reliable source about the split from Congregation Beth El into Temple Anshe Emeth, as since the temples are joined now it is an unbiased opinion of the history. People and Ideas: Isaac Mayer Wise. PBS. Pew Charitable Trusts and the Fetzer Institute, n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/isaac-mayer-wise.html>. This site had good clear information on Wise. It was a great way to get clear and concise information to replace our words on the website. It also gave an overview of the key points of his life in America. It wasnt very in depth, it was a good starting point for research. Philipson, David, and Louis Grossmann, eds. Selected Writings of Isaac M. Wise with a Biography. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Company, 1900. Print. This book, compiled by Philipson and Grossmann, was very good for a biography of Wise. It also had many primary sources and its clear description of his life was crucial in our project. The primary sources written by Wise combined with the biography made the information very clear. Pie Chart of Jewish Denominations. Chart. United Jewish Communities. Jewish Federations, 2000-1. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewishfederations.org/local_includes/downloads/4983.pdf>.

This source was used to display a chart of the different sects of Judaism in terms of adherents. It was particularly useful in providing an image to support our claim of how much Reform has grown. The rest of the pdf also had reliable information but didnt specifically apply to the other areas of our research. Pittsburgh Platform . Jewish Virtual Library. AICE, 2008. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_ 15835.html>. This source was used to quote the Pittsburgh Platforms ideas. It helped to strengthen the claim that the most important beliefs of Judaism stayed the same while the impractical traditions needed to be reformed. Because of the sources affiliation with AICE and Gale, it was a reliable resource in our project. Plum Street Temple - Cincinnati, Ohio. 2009. Bruce S., Synagogues. Waymarking. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM5HW8_Plum_Street_Temple _Cincinnati_Ohio>. Two images were used from the gallery the temple on this cite. They were helpful resources in giving a visual to enhance our description of the Plum Street Temple. Because the pictures are current, they contrast our images of the temple 100 years ago. The source was not entirely reliable but the images themselves had informative descriptions and taken professionally. Plum Street Temple in 1888. 1888. Robinsons Opera House, Timeline. American Jewish Archives. Web. 27 Jan. 2012.

<http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/timeline_image.php?id=52>. This drawing gives and example of what the Temple looked like in 1888. It helps the reader visualize how much the Bene Yeshurun Temple was similar to a church. It is from the American Jewish Archives which have provided consistently useful and reliable primary sources. Priesand, Sally. Interview by Frank Reynolds. Nov. 25, 1973: Interview With First Female Rabbi. ABC News Internet Ventures, 1973. ABC News. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/sally-priesand first-female-rabbi-10124653>. This interview was a beneficial resource when first researching Sally Priesand. Although only 45 seconds of it were used, the video gives a detailed outline of her first years of being a Rabbi in Monmouth, NJ. She explains that she is well received by her new congregation contrary to the common assumption that a female Rabbi is not allowed in Jewish Law. The interview is especially useful because it is from one year after she was ordained as a Rabbi versus most other information about her, 50 years after her revolutionary beginning. Priesand, Sally, Rabbi. Personal interview. 18 Feb. 2012. This interview was especially important because of Rabbi Priesands importance in the Reform Judaism community. She revolutionized the way woman were viewed in the religion, and not only that but happened to go to the Hebrew Union college and the Plum street temple. She connected so well to our project a gave very interesting, useful responses.

Rabbi Jack Shlachter. N.d. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ctbto.org/specials/ctbt-science-and technology-20118-10-june-2011-vienna-austria/programme-committee members/biographical-note-jack-shlac/>. This website gave a reliable picture of Jack Shlachter, as it is his current place of work. This retired rabbi gave us a good interview and it was helpful having a visual of him to aid in the visual aspect of the website. Rabbi Sally Priesand. N.d. University of Cincinnati. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.artsci.uc.edu/collegemain/alumni_friends/awards_dinner/aw ard_winners_2009.aspx>. This image of Rabbi Sally Priesand was found in the University of Cincinnatis distinguished alumni page. They explained she made history by becoming the first woman Rabbi in America. The image was used in our interviews page to make it more interactive and adding visuals to the completely textual interview. Rabbi Todd Markley. 2006. Tample Beth Shalom, Whos Who. Temple Beth Shalom. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.tbsneedham.org/WhosWhoClergy/>. This photograph of local Rabbi Todd Markely was used in our interviews page. It helps to add visuals to an otherwise text interview and helps to make the site more interactive because to get to the interview, you have to click on the image. It came from the Temple Beth Shalom website along with his description. Rachel Solow. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. This picture gave a personal

look at Rachel Solow, one of our personal interviewees. It helped continue the interactive aspect of our interviews page. It also gave the reader a personal look, giving the a greater connection with the people whom we interviewed. Rachel Unkefer. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://rachelunkefer.com/welcome/>. This website about Rachel Unkefer showed her areas of expertise besides Judaism. Her interview gave a lot of information about the topic. The picture taken by her gave a personal look into her life. It also allowed for the interactive aspect of our interviews page. Reform Launches Groundbreaking Campaign to Encourage Immigration to Israel. Jewish Telegraphic Agency 13 July 2007: n. pag. Jewish News Archive. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://archive.jta.org/article/2007/07/13/2938118/reform-launches groundbreaking-campaign-to-encourage-immigration-to-israel>. This article goes against what was set up in the Pittsburgh Platform. It also shows the impacts of how many Jews were in America, and how Reform was spread after its intense growth in America. Reimer, Matthew A., Rabbi. Temple Tidings. Journal of Congregation Bnai Jeshurun (Oct.-Nov. 2010): n. pag. Bnai Jeshurun. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://tbj.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/oct-nov-20101.pdf>. This current journal from Bnai Jeshurun temple gave the modern idea of this temples views on the past. It was interesting seeing their views today

considering they were the temple that first adopted Wises Minhag America. Rich, Tracey R. Movements of Judaism. Judaism 101. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. <http://www.jewfaq.org/movement.htm>. This website gave a clear overview of the main sects of Judaism today. This showed how our topic is relevant to life today because the work of Isaac Mayer Wise caused the divisions into these main branches. It was very clear in its outlook and gave basic and easy to understand information. Rosenbloom, James. Personal interview. 25 Jan. 2012. This email interview with the Judaica Library at Brandeis University gave a comprehensive view on our topic. He showed us many sources, as well as teaching us how to view old newspaper articles on microfiche. Rosenbloom had a lot of information on the topic and his research gave many ideas for our research. Rubin, Debra. Anshe Emeth Celebrates Shuls 150-year History. New Jersey Jewish News 5 Oct. 2009: n. pag. New Jersey Jewish News. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://njjewishnews.com/article/132/anshe-emeth-celebrates shuls-150-year-history>. This article gave a modern day look at the temple that Wises followers created. It helped with the visual aspect of the website, as it gave a clear picture of the Anshe Emeth temple. Sarna, Jonathan D. American Judaism: a History. N.p.: Yale University Press, n.d. Print. This comprehensive history of American Judaism by the well known historian Jonathan D. Sarna, also seen in the PBS documentary

we used, was very helpful in research. There were a lot of topics in the book that we did not cover, but its in depth research gave us a lot of helpful information. Shlachter, Jack, Rabbi. Personal interview. 13 Jan. 2012. This email interview with a Conservative rabbi from my old temple was very interesting. It gave insight on topics that were harder to research. He gave very clear and quotable answers about the different sects. As he is a contemporary rabbi, it gave modern view on our topic. Singer, Isidor, and H. Barr. JACOBSON, ISRAEL. Jewish Encyclopedia. N.p., 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8483-jacobson-israel>. This source had reliable and useful information. We were able to use a quote from it to aid in the formation of our germany page. It was a clear and conise source of information. Solow, Razel. Personal interview. 4 Feb. 2012. This interview with Razel Solow, a researcher of Judaism, gave a lot of information through our phone interview. She was clearly very passionate about the subject, and hearing someone that knowledgable talk about our subject was very interesting. Her answers gave insight into many of the modern problems in Judaism that came from the problems at the time of our project. Spiro, Jack. Personal interview. 31 Jan. 2012. This email interview with Rabbi Jack Spiro gave a very specific and comprehensive answer about the Pittsburgh Platform. His views gave insight onto this aspect of the

website, and seeing this modern opinion on this platform was interesting. His ideas differed from some of the people who were there at the time giving a new reaction. Steinberg, David. Kaufmann Kohler and the Rise of Reform Judaism in America. House of David. N.p., 20 Mar. 2003. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.adath-shalom.ca/kk.htm#kk6>. This source seemed to e very reliable because all the information was in line with our other research, but the author refers to himself in it and it is not a professional site. Overall it was still a useful source of information and was used in the formation of our project. It gives an extensive explanation of Kholers life and his accomplishments. Sussman, Lance. Interview. PBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/interviews/lance-sussman.html>. This interview asked many of the main questions we had about our topic and Lance Sussman, a very researched and well known historian, gave detailed and clear responses. It gave a personal view on how a famous contemporary Jewish historian viewed Isaac Mayer Wise and his work. Swastikas Painted on Walls of Reform Synagogue in Jerusalem, Israel. Jewish Telegraphic Agency 8 Oct. 1997: n. pag. Jewish News Archive. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://archive.jta.org/article/1997/10/08/2886727/swastikas painted-on-walls-of-reform-synagogue-in-jerusalem-israel>. Although we didnt use this, it was interesting seeing the reaction to the Reform movement in Israel. This showed the modern effects of Reform Judaism

in Israel and how extremists reacted. Temkin, Sefton D. Isaac Mayer Wise Shaping American Judaism. Great Britain: Oxford UP, 1992. Print. Tempkins book had a very detailed overview of Wises life. It has many primary sources embedded that showed insight on the topic. The author clearly researched the topic very thoroughly and that was helpful in the formation of our project. Torah. N.d. Torah Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. <http://torahimages.com/>. This source gave many modern images of the torah. It allowed for an expansion of the visual aspects of our website, and showed how the main reading of Judaism today has been fought over by the different branches. These differences, caused by the reforms of Isaac Mayer Wise, are still seen today giving insight into the modernity of our topic. Trefa Banquet menu. 1883. Cleveland Jewish History. Cleveland Jewish History. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.clevelandjewishhistory.net/res/cyber gems-trefa-dinner.htm>. This visual of the Trefa banquet menu gave a good primary source of the banquet for the food served. The pictures helped in the visual aspects. The database had a lot of information about Jewish history, so it was a good reference point for further research. The 2000 American Rabbi Study. Association of Religious Data Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2012. <http://www.thearda.com/Archive/Files/Descriptions/RABBI.asp>. This

study showed interesting statistics. For example, in 2000 half of the rabbis were in the Reform movement. This showed the spread of Reform Judaism in modern day. Union Prayer Book. 1892. Libraries at Hebrew Union College. Web. 6 Feb. 2012. <http://huc.edu/libraries/collections/ebooks/ccar1892/>. This picture of the Union Prayer Book gave insight into the prayer books of the 90s. It also showed how Wise reformed the Prayer Book. Furthermore, it allowed the viewer to see how little the title of the cover changed, showing how Wise did change in hopes of union, but not drastically. Unkefer, Rachel. Personal interview. 5 Feb. 2012. This email interview with an expert on the subject of Judaism. She gave a lot of information about the immigration, as that is her area of expertise. Her interview was helpful mostly in the formation of the historical context. Viorist, Milton. What Shall I Do with This People? Jews and the Fractious Politics of Judaism. New York: Simon, 2002. Print. Miltons book gave lots of detailed information as well as specifics on the Enlightenment and how that caused Reform Judaism. It was specific about people, places, and buildings. It also explaiined the causes and effects of Judaism in America. It had some information hard to understand, such as its description of the Pittsburgh Platform What is the History of Reform Judaism? . the Movement for Reform Judaism. World Union for Progressive Judaism, European Union for Progressive

Judaism, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/about-us/what-is-the-history-of reform-judaism.html>. This resource was used to gain a full understanding of how the Union for Reform Judaism explains their own history. It was very specific and had the exact information we needed to quote to fully explain the history of reform in Germany. The source was very reliable coming from the Union for reform Judaism itself, and gave informative and useful background. Who are Reform Jews? The Movement for Reform Judaism. World Union for Progressive Judaism and the European Union for Progressive Judaism, 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/about us/who-are-reform-jews.html>. This source was used in the concluding sections of the website because it gave an explanation of what being reform means to the primary reform organization globally. The information was very helpful especially because it was written by leaders of reform today. The website itself has also been a consistently reliable and useful source of information. Wilansky, Dena. Sinai to Cincinnati : Lay Views on the Writings of Isaac M. Wise, Founder of Reform Judaism in America. New York: Renaissance Book Company, 1937. Print. These selected writings of Isaac Mayer Wise was a good anthology of his work in his own words, showing his ideas. Also, ther were good pictures and the writing was clear. All of the works in one place was very convenient for this project.

Wise, Isaac M. First Annual Report of the President of the Hebrew Union College. Annual Report of the President June 1876: n. pag. American Jewish Archives. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/attachment/1026/1876_06_00_ annual.pdf>. This report was useful because it was written by Wise about the beginnings of the College. It was a useful primary source to gain an understanding of Wises feelings about the college. It was an interesting resource used in the final stages of our research to enhance our understanding of the topic. - - -. He is a Traitor. The Israelite 21 Dec. 1855: n. pag. PDF file. This editorial in the Israelite was a good primary source showing how Wise publicized his views and supported his ideas. It was interesting seeing how he referenced his opponents views about him. - - -. Letter to Congregation Bene-Yeshurun. 31 Oct. 1853. Correspondence. Cincinnati: Minute Book (1841-1872) of Congregation Bene Yeshurun, n.d. N. pag. American Jewish Archives. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/view.php?id=5295>. This letter was a useful tool in the formation of our project. It demonstrated Wises goals before starting in his position as Rabbi of the temple. He explains that he hopes to make the temple a prominent synagogue and to make it a model for all others in the west and south. The American Jewish Archives have been a consistent source of useful and reliable information.

Wise, Isaac Mayer. He is a Traitor. The Israelite 21 Dec. 1855: n. pag. American Jewish Archives. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/attachment/2807/TIS-1855-12 21-001.pdf#search=%27%27>. This primary source document written by Wise was a great portrayal of Wises opinion and refuting of his opponents. Although it was hard to read, we will hopefully be able to integrate it into the website. The newspaper was found on the American Jewish Archives which was a very helpful source. We had to email an archivist to get this specific edition, but thankfully they were very prompt and by the next day they emailed us a link to the news article that they had scanned on for us. - - -. Letter to Isaac Leeser. 18 May 1851. Early American Judaica Collection of Arnold & Deanne Kaplan. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. American Jewish Archives. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/view.php?id=5310>. This letter gave Wises original opinion on the Altercation at Beth El. He wanted everyone to know that it was not him who started the fight, and this letter also explains what happened in the accident. This primary source was helpful, as it showed his immediate reaction after the incident. - - -. The Proposed Assembly: On the Formation of a Union of the Congregations of Israelites in the United States. The Ocident and American Jewish Advocate. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. The Occident and American Jewish Advocate. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. <http://www.jewish-

history.com/occident/volume6/mar1849/assembly.html>. This letter showed Wises views on the problems, and seeing them in a letter to the people who opposed him was good for getting his point of view. The archive had information from The Occident, which was a newspaper made to oppose Wise. - - -. Reminiscences. 1901. Cincinnati: Leo Wise and Company, 1901. Print. Isaac Mayer Wises bibliography was a great primary source. His description of the events happening gave great quotes, and reading his book gave insight on his opinion on the Reform movement. The book showed his bias on the subject of Reform. - - -. The World of My Books. Trans. Albert H. Friedlander. Cincinnati: American Jewish Archives, n.d. American Jewish Archives. Web. 27 Jan. 2012. <http://americanjewisharchives.org/wise/attachment/5300/theWorldOfM yBooks.pdf>. This primary source describes Wises views on most of the problems at the time. He gives summaries of many of his books and it encompasses a lot of information. It gave a good personal account of the time. Yearbook of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, Volumes 1-3. Central Conference of American Rabbis. Vols. 1-3. Cincinnati: Bloch Publishing and Printing Company, 1891. Google Books. Web. 21 Jan. 2012. <http://books.google.com/>. This book gave Wises opinion on the different strands of Judaism. It also showed deepened the separations between the strands of Judaism and the opinions of those at the Central

Conference of American Rabbis.