Nhm 12:L Th Thun : CD09I1 Nguyn xun Thi M U

.I

Bi cnh ca ti
Ngy nay, thng tin v ang dn chuyn hng pht trin ca mnh sang cc

dch v Web. Mt trong nhng dch v ngi ngi ta kh quan tm l Thng mi bn hng. Dch v ny gip nhng bn rn, thng xuyn lm vic trong cc phng my, phng th nghimc th tit kim c thi gian i mua sm tp trung vo cng vic ca mnh. Nh Thng mi bn hng, ch cn vi thao tc n gin trn my tnh c kt ni vi Internet, bn s c tn tay nhng th mnh cn m khng phi i u c. Bn ch cn vo cc trang dch v Thng mi bn hng l c th mua bt c th g, nhn vin dch v s mang n tn nh cho bn. Vic thanh ton cng tht d dng, c th gin tip qua cc h thng ngn hng hoc trc tip nu bn mun. Vy, thc cht ca Thng mi bn hng l nh th no? tm hiu m hnh hot ng cng nh qu trnh xy dng mt ng dng c tnh cht thng mi trc tuyn, ti xin gii thiu ti Tm hiu Joomla, ng dng xy dng trang web bn hang gia dng l ti nghin cu cho n tt nghip ngnhny. Mc d ng dng trin khai c phn ln cc yu cu chnh m mt ng dng Thng mi bn hng cn p ng, tuy nhin vi thi gian hn ch, vic tm hiu v xy dng mt ng dng trn cng ngh Joomla l kh kh khn. Do , ng dng ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong nhn c nhiu kin nhn xt qu bu

ca qu thy c v cc bn ti c th rt kinh nghim cho vic xy dng nhng ng dng thc t sau ny.

.II L do chn ti
Trong thi i pht trin bng n ca Cng ngh thng tin(CNTT) v quan h hp tc ton cu pht trin mnh m, nht l khi Vit Nam tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca WTO, vic p dng tnh chuyn nghip v cc m hnh qun l sn xut kinh doanh chuyn nghip - hin i thng qua m hnh Tin hc ho doanh nghip theo kp s pht trin ca x hi l yu t cn thit, y mnh s pht trin ca doanh nghip v gip cho doanh nghip gt hi c nhiu thnh cng trong mi trng sn xut - kinh doanh nng ng v ang thay i nhanh chng nh hin nay. Thng mi bn hng l mt trong nhng vn nng bng, mc d khi nim ny kh quen thuc vi nhiu ngi Vit Nam, song nhng dch v tin li ny trn thc t vn cn cha ph bin. Chnh v vy, ti chn ti ny vi mong mun t trang b cho mnh nhng hiu bit chung v thng mi bn hng, k nng v phng php xy dng v pht trin cc ng dng thng mi in t, gp mt phn nh trong bc chuyn mnh ca dch v ny.

.III Mc tiu c th
o

Nm c c s l thuyt chung v thng mi bn hng v cc vn

lin quan n bn hng.

o

Tm hiu cc Website thng mi bn hng c trin khai nm

c cch thc hot ng v nhng yu cu cn thit i vi ng dng thng mi bn hng.

o o

Xc nh i tng khch hng m mnh hng ti phc v. La chn gii php cng ngh thch hp cho vic xy dng v pht

trin ng dng chn.

o

Tm hiu v S Joomla v nhng tnh nng ca n.

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Xy dng ng dng thng mi bn hng da trn nn tng Joomla c

th p ng c nhu cu ca i tng phc v. o Tnh ton, a ra phng php v k hoch thc hin d n trong thi

gian ngn nht v chi ph thp nht c th.

.IV Gii thiu v Joomla

.IV.1. Khi nim Joomla

Joomla! l mt h qun tr ni dung m ngun m(Content Management System CMS). Joomla! c vit bng ngn ng PHP v kt ni ti c s d liu MySQL, cho php ngi s dng c th d dng xut bn cc ni dung ca h ln Internet hoc Intranet. Joomla c cc c tnh c bn l: b m trang (page caching) tng tc hin th, lp ch mc, c tin RSS (RSS feeds), trang dng in, bn tin nhanh, blog, din n, bnh chn, lch biu, tm kim trong site v h tr a ngn ng. Joomla c pht m theo ting Swahili nh l jumla ngha l "ng tm hip lc". Joomla! c s dng khp mi ni trn th gii, t nhng website c nhn cho ti nhng h thng website doanh nghip c tnh phc tp cao, cung cp nhiu dch v v ng dng. Joomla c th d dng ci t, d dng qun l v c tin cy cao.Joomla l sn phm m ngun m do vic s dng Joomla l hon ton min ph cho tt c mi ngi trn th gii.

.IV.2.

Vi nt v lch s pht trin Joomla

Joomla l "sn phm anh em" vi Mambo ca tp on Miro Software Solutions c (hng ang nm gi Mambo) vi nhng ngi pht trin nng ct. Ban u cng ty Miro pht trin Mambo theo dng ng dng m ngun ng. n thng 4 nm 2001, cng ty thng qua mt chnh sch bn quyn kp, ngha l pht hnh Mambo theo c giy php GPL.

n ngy 17 thng 8 nm 2005, do s tranh chp v mt php l cng nh mong mun vo s pht trin ca Mambo da trn qu ti tr v s h tr ca cng ng nn ton b i pht trin nng ct ca Mambo ri khi d n trong khi ang lm vic vi phin bn 4.5.3. Nh s tr gip ca Trung tm Lut T do Phn mm (Software Freedom Law Center - SFLC), 20 thnh vin nng ct c ca Mambo thnh lp mt t chc phi li nhun khc ly tn l Open Source Matters, h tr v mt t chc, php l v kinh ph cho d n m ngun m cn cha c t tn ca h. Ngay ngy hm sau, 1000 ngi gia nhp din n OpenSourceMatters, hu ht cc bi vit cho din n u khuyn khch v ng tnh vi hnh ng ca Nhm Pht trin. Tin trn nhanh chng c ng ti trn cc tp ch newsforge.com, eweek.com v ZDnet.com. Trong mt thng bo ca Eddie (ngi ng u d n) 2 tun sau , cc nhm c t chc li v cng ng Joomla tip tc tng trng. Ti ngy 1 thng 9 nm 2005 tn mi ca d n c thng bo cho khong 3000 ngi theo di i Pht trin v n ngy 16 thng 9 th h cho ra i Joomla 1.0.

.IV.3.

Cc dng phin bn ca Joomla

Hin nay Joomla c 2 dng, dng 1.0.x n nh v ph hp cc bn thc hin cc website ca mnh. Dng 1.5 ang pht trin ti phin bn beta, ch ph hp test,cha ph hp lm website chnh thc.
Dng phin bn 1.0.x :Phin bn u tin ca Joomla l phin bn Joomla!

1.0 (hay Joomla! 1.0.0) c ngun gc t Mambo 4.5.2.3 ( bao gm thm nhiu bn v bo mt v sa li).Cc phin bn tip theo c dng 1.0.x. im mnh ca Joomla 1.0.x: C mt s lng rt ln cc thnh phn m rng (module, component ) thnh phn nhng (mambot), giao din (template).
Dng phin bn 1.5x : Phin bn Joomla! 1.5 l phin bn ci tin t

Joomla 1.0.x (phn m c vit li hon ton, tuy nhin vn gi cch hnh x nh c). Joomla 1.5 tip tc duy tr mt giao din ngi s dng n gin
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(nhn v cm nhn - look and feel). Joomla! 1.5 h tr a ngn ng bng cch s dng file nh dng ".ini" lu cc thng tin chuyn i ngn ng. Joomla 1.5 h tr tt c cc ngn ng c tp k t c biu din bng bng m UTF8. im mnh ca Joomla 1.5: Phn qun tr Website c s dng cng ngh Web 2.0, mt s tnh nng c ci tin hn so vi Joomla 1.0.x.

.IV.4.

Kin trc ca Joomla

Joomla gm c 3 tng h thng: Tng di cng l mc nn tng, cha cc th vin v cc plugin (cn c bit vi tn gi mambot). Tng th hai l mc ng dng v cha lp JApplication. Hin ti tng ny gm 3 lp con: JInstallation, JAdministrator v JSite. Tng th ba l mc m rng. Ti tng ny c cc thnh phn (component), m un (module) v giao din (template) c thc thi v th hin.

.IV.5.

i vi ngi s dng cui

Vic ci t Joomla! kh d dng v nhanh chng, thm ch c i vi nhng lp trnh vin nghip d. Joomla c mt cng ng ngi s dng v pht trin rt ln v tng trng khng ngng. Cc thnh vin v cc lp trnh vin rt nhit tnh v sn sng t vn, gip khi ngi s dng gp kh khn. Joomla cung cp giao din web trc quan do vy kh d dng thm mt ni dung mi hay mt mc mi, qun l cc phng ban, danh mc ngh nghip, nh cc sn phm... v to khng gii hn s phn, mc, chuyn mc cng nh cc ni dung ca Website. Hin ti Vit Nam chng ta, cng ng Joomla v ang pht trin mnh m ti din n. Code: http://www.joomlaviet.org
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Ti y bn c th tm kim nhng thng tin v ci t, pht trin Joomla cng nh nu ln nhng kin thc mc hoc yu cu ca mnh c gip .

.IV.6.

ng dng ca Joomla

Joomla! c s dng trn khp th gii, c ng dng vo xy dng cc website t n gin nh website c nhn ti cc ng dng website phc tp. Sau y l 1 s ng dng c th c xy dng bng Joomla ! Trang web ca cc t chc hoc cc cng thng tin ( Portal ) Thng mi in t Trang web cho cc cng ty c nh ng dng cho cc c quan hnh chnh Trang web cho cc trng hc v nh th Trang web c nhn v gia nh Cc cng thng tin cng ng Trang web bo in t v tp ch v nhiu ng dng khc na...

.V Mt s khi nim trong Joomla.

Ln u tin khi tip xc vi Joomla! nhiu ngi lun cm thy rng c iu g kh hiu Joomla! khin cho vic tip cn vi n tht kh khn. chnh l do cc khi nim v thut ng khc l ca Joomla!, m tht ra n cng chng khc l g my so vi cc h thng qun tr ni dung (CMS: Content management System) khc. Phn ny s trnh by cc khi nim c bn trong Joomla!

.V.1.
.V.1.1.

Front-end v Back-end
Front-end

Front-end (tin snh), cn c bit vi tn gi Public Front-end: phn giao din pha ngoi, ni tip xc vi mi ngi s dng. Bt c ai cng c th trng thy khi g ng ng dn URL vo trnh duyt. Front-end cha 1 trang c bit l FrontPage (homepage) - trang ch.

.V.1.2.

Back-end

Back-end, cn c bit vi tn gi Public Back-end, Administrator, Control Pane: phn dnh cho ngi qun tr. Nhng ngi bnh thng khng bit ng dn truy cp, hoc nu c bit th cng phi qua bc kim tra ti khon. Phn back-end c truy cp thng qua ng dn: http://your_domain/administrator.

.V.2.
.V.2.1.

Cc thnh phn m rng (Extension)

Module

Module l mt trong 3 thnh phn m rng chnh ca Joomla! l mt on m nh thng c dng truy vn cc thng tin t c s d liu v hin th cc kt qu tm c. N c th c np vo mt v tr bt k trn template (v tr left, right, top, bottom... hoc v tr do ngi dng nh ngha); c th hin trn tt c cc trang ca Website hay mt s trang c n nh. Kh nng tng tc gia ngi s dng v h thng thng qua module l hn ch (chng ta thng ch nhn thng tin tr v). Modules thng c dng hin th nhng thng tin khc nhau v/hoc nhng tnh nng tng tc trong ton b site Joomla ca bn. Mt Module c th cha hu nh bt k th g t nhng vn bn n gin, n HTML, n nhng ng dng hon ton c lp ca cc hng th ba. Nhng Module cng c th hin th ni dung tng

tc, nh cc poll (thm d kin), nhng tagboard, tin mi nht, tin khn v nhiu na. Cc Site Module khc vi cc Administrator Module bi v chng hin th nhng ni dung trong Front-end ca site trong khi nhng Admini Module lin quan n cc tc v v/hoc nhng tnh nng khc nhau ca Administrative (hoc Back-end). Cc Module c th c to bi bn (costom/user module) hay c ti v v ci t. Qun l cac module lun lun lm trong Administrator (Admin Seciton). Vo Modules \ Module Manager trn thanh Menu. bn c th ci t/tho b mt module v chnh sa nhng cy hnh ph bin nh l: tn, nhng trang n xut hin, vng t n, v cp truy cp. T danh sch chn module bn mun cu hnh. Module Manager l b u tin thit t hin th s lng chnh xc module. Tn cui danh sch ban c th thy mt chc nng t chc trang, ni cho php bn iu hng n b ci t k tip ca cc module trong danh sch. Bn cng c th ci t s module c hin th trn mt trang bng cc chn s trn hp chn xung trn gc trn phi mn hnh. y bn c th tm thy mt danh sch ca tt c b thit lp mc inh site module khi ci t Joomla. Mi ci quy chiu n mt loi module c th c nh t trc. Di nhng tiu danh sch c th c hin th nhng trng thi ca nhng Module c ci t trn h thng. Nhng Module c xc inh bng mt ku (v d mod_mainmenu). Nhiu th hin ca cng mt module c th c to ra bng cch chp mt loi module c th, cho n mt tiu khc v cc thng s khc theo nhu cu ca bn. Bn c th to mt module ty thch vi mt loi User bng cch click vo biu tng New. y l mt mudule rt hu dng m bn thng to mt Content (content ny khng lin quan g n cc Section, Category hay Static Content Item) hay RSS feed. N cng c dng nh mt hp vn bn hay mt module nh hay thm ch bao gm code ty bin. Nhng Site Module sau c gi cng vi Joomla : Nhng tiu cho mi module l tiu mc nh trong phin bn Joomla. Nhng tiu ny c th c i tn hoc dch cho hp vi nhu cu ca bn.
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+ Archive kho lu + Latest News tin mi + Login Form biu mu login + Main Menu menu chnh + Popular a chung + Newsflash tin khn + Who's Online ai trong mng + Polls thm d kin + Random Image hnh nh ngu nhin + Related Items mc lin quan + Syndicate ng tin + Sections phn loi + Statistics thng k + User (Custom & RSS Feeds) + Template Chooser chn template + Wrapper trnh bao bc

.V.2.2.

Component

Cc Component l nhng thnh phn ni dung c bit hay nhng ng dng. Joomla bao gm mt s nhn component v h tr kh nng t tng cng tnh nng vi component ca cc hng th ba. Nhng component c gn sn, cai bao gm trong Joomla, l mt phn ca tnh nng nhn. Bn s tm thy nhng compnent ca hng th ba ti Joomla Forge cng nh ti rt nhiu nh pht trin th ba v nhng
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site cng ng. Cu hnh v tr gip thm thng c cung cp vi km vi chnh component. Nhng component l m phng t nhin, iuny lm n c kh nng tng cng cc chc nng ca Joomla trong bt k hon cnh no. Mt component c trng ging nh Menu item. Nhng visitor v/hay nhng user c th thy ni dung ca component bng cch click vo lin kt ca Menu item ny. N thng c hin th trong vng ni dung chnh ca site. Nhng component c bao gm vi Joomla l : + Banners qung co + Contacts Lin h + Newsfeeds im tin + Polls thm d + Web Links lin kt web Banner Component qung co: Component ny cho php bn hin th nhng banner (hp qun co) k tip nhau trn site. N cng cho bn mt vi chc nng cao cp nh qun l nhng im nhn v nhng m ty thch. Banner Manager qun l Banner: Trong phn ny, bn iu khin nhng banner thc s. C nhng qung co ha hay thng ip xut hin ti phn nh trc trn site Joomla. Banner Client Manager Qun l Qung co ca Khch hng: Phn ny cho php bn ci t nhng trng mc cho nhng khch hng m bn ang dnh cho h quyn c t banner vo.
CH : Nhng banner Flash c th dng c vi Joomla Banner

Component. bit thm v qun l khch hng c banner, click vo lin kt Help Screen ny.

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Contact Manager Component Qun l Lin h : Contact Manager component cung cp cho bn kh nng qun l mt danh sch cc lin h cho site ca bn. Nhng visitor c th tm bn hoc nhng thng tin v t chc ca bn bao gm tn, a ch th, s in thoi v s fax. H c th lin lc vi bn hc t chc ca bn bng cch in vo biu mu lin h n gin v lick biu tng Send. Bn c th c nhiu hn mt contact item. Newsfeed Component (im tin): Nhng Newsfeed l cch dng chuntg tin tc gia cc site khc nhau. Ngy cng nhiu nhng nh cung cp content chia s mt phn content ca h qua nhng RSS newsfeed. Cch thc chia s ny c ngha l to mt tin vn gii thiu theo nh cung cp mun v thng c mt lin kt n website ca nh cung cp. Newsflash Component tin khn: Mt Newsflash l mt thng ip ng c hin th trn site ca bn. N thng hin th trong mt text box (hp vn bn) thu ht s ch trn Frontpage ca bn. N cho nhng visitor mt mu tin nh, nh nhng tin quan trng. Bn c th c mt hay nhiu Newsflash item. Poll Component thm d kin : Component ny cho php bn qun l v to cc poll (cuc thm d kin) khc nhau cho nhng visitor ca bn. Nhng cu hi bn hi c th hu dng cho nhng thng tin c mc ch. Web Links Component lin kt Web: Web Links component l mt b su tp nhng lin kt nh nhng lin kt yu thch, lin kt Joomla!, hoc bt c g m bn thch. Component c thit k c kh nng m s ln click vo mi lin kt v nhng user ng k c th trnh nhng lin kt mi t Front-end.

.V.2.3.

Mambot

Mambots l nhng n v m chc nng h tr nhng hot ng ca Joomla. Chng c nhiu mc ch v nhng chc nng khc nhau v c nhm li qun l d dng hn. V d, c nhiu Mambot ch hot ng trong nhng content item, nhng ci khc c cung cp tnh nng tm kim v.v. Trong mt vi nhm, mt s

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Mambot c th c publish mt ln, trong khi nhng ci khc (vi d nh WYSIWYG editor trnh son tho trc quan) ch mt ci c kch hot. Th t trong mt vi nhm l rt quan trng, v d nh, trong nhm content, u tin phi l Image Replacement Mambot thay th nh (mosimage) ( u danh sch), v sau l Pagination Mambot t chc trang (mospaging). Danh sch sau y phc tho nhng mambot sn dng trong nhng nhm khc nhau: Content Mambots nhng mambot v ni dung: Chng in hnh thay th phn no tc k {tag} vi thng tin khc. MOS Image - nh: y l mt Image placement Mambot mambot sp t nh. Nhng th tag {mosimage} c thay vi nh m bn chn khi to v/hoc sa mt content item. Mambot ny dnh cho nhng ngi thch lm vic khng dng WYSIWYG Editor (trnh son tho trc quan) nh mt cch thun tin chn cc nh vo content item. Nhng ngi khc dng WYSIWYG Editor, vn thch dng mambot ny hn chn cc nh vo thay v chn mt biu tng nh trong WYSIWYG Editor. Code Support m h tr : M h tr Mambot tr li bt k on vn bn no trong mt cp ca th tag {moscode} m {/moscode} nh m PHP. SEF:Search Engine Friendly Mambot (cng ngh tm kim thn thin) to nhng lin kt trong content tng thch vi SEF c ci t h tr. N hot ng trc tip trn HTML trong item v khng i hi mt th tag c bit. MOS Rating nh gi : Mambot ny cung cp b phiu/nh gi nhng content item. Email Cloaking che du email: Mambot ny vit li tt c cc a ch email vi mt content item che du (cloak) chng khi spambot khng c cho n.

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MOS Pagination t chc trang : Mambot ny ngt nhng content item thnh nhiu trang v rp li thnh mt bng nhng content. Search Mambots nhng mambot tm kim: Nhng Search Mambot thm kh nng tm kin tt c nhng component khc nhau ca Joomla. Editor Mambots nhng mambot son tho : Nhng Editor Mambot cung cp h tr c th ci t nhng WYSIWYG editor. Bn cng c th chn thi activate bt k WYSIWYG editor no, tr li cho bn vi mt vng son tho HTML tiu chun. Editor Extension Mambots nhng mambot son tho m rng : Nhng Editor Extension Mambot cho php nhng iu khin cng thm c bao gm chnh sa content. V d, nhng biu tng c t trong hay di trnh son tho chn nhng th tag {mosimage} v {mospaging} vo content ca bn

.V.2.4.

Menu

Joomla! c rt nhiu kiu Menu, mi Menu s l mt trang hin th c ni dung v cch trnh by theo nhiu kiu khc nhau. Cc Menu ny c qun l theo m s ID nn c th thay i tn v v tr m nh hng n ni dung, a ch lin kt ca chng. Joomla! cho php la chn v quyt nh Menu no lm Trang ch (Home) l trang s xut hin u tin khi truy cp vo a ch ca trang Web. Tt c cc thnh phn, ni dung,... trong Joomla! u c th cho php hin th hay khng hin th (s dng hay khng s dng) thng qua chc nng Publish hay Unpublish. Tt c cc thnh phn m rng u c ci t thm hoc g b thng qua cc Menu lnh trong Joomla!

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.V.3. Template
Template l mt lot cc file trong Joomla CMS m c s dng iu khin cch thc hin th ni dung. Template khng phi l mt web site, n khng c coi l mt thit k trang web y . Template l mt thit k nn tng c bn cho vic hin th web site. to ra hiu ng ca mt trang web hon chnh Template lm vic cng vi ni dung c ct gi trong c s d liu. Cc file ca mt template phi c t trong th mc /templates trong th mc ci t ca Joomla. Nu ta c 2 template c ci t th th mc ca chng ta s trng ging nh sau : /templates/mytemp1 /templates/mytemp2 Mt Template thng gm cc thnh phn c bn sau: Phn khung giao din (index.php), phn thit t hn th (template_css.css), phn ci t (templateDetails.xml) , ngoi ra c th c cc file khc nh cc folder, cc file .js, file nh... ty thuc vo phc tp Template ny v mc bn hiu. C 2 files m tn ca chng cng nh v tr phi c t mt cch chnh xc v chng c gi l cc kch bn li ca Joomla (Joomla core script) /JS_Smoothportal/templateDetails.xml /JS_Smoothportal/index.php templateDetails.xml : Thng bo cho trnh ci t cc file s c dng cho template ny. N cn din gii cc thng tin khc nh tc gi , bn quyn.
index.php l file quan trng nht , n ni cho Joomla bit ni t cc

Components, Modules. N l s kt hp ca PHP v (X)html. Trong hu ht cc template c thm cc thnh phn b xung,y l cc thnh phn quy c (khng yu cu bi li ca Joomla) chng c tn v c t v tr sau: /JS_Smoothportal/template_thumbnail.png /JS_Smoothportal/css/template_css.css /JS_Smoothportal/images/ logo.png

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 template_thumbnail.png l hnh chp giao din ca template thng c kch thc 140 pixels chiu rng v 90 pixels chiu cao, file ny c s dng cho chc nng xem trc (Preview) . css/template_css.css v tr ca th mc CSS l ty chn nhng bn phi ch r n u. Ch rng tn ca file ch quan trng trong cc tham chiu trong file index.php v bn nn t tn nh bn thch. Image/logo.png y l 1 file nh bt k i din cho mt cng ty, nhng thit k thng t n trong th mc image v thng t tn l logo.png .

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