TM TT PHN : LNG T NH SNG

1. NNG LNG CA MT LNG T NH SNG( HT PHTN ) hc e = hf = = mc 2 , nng lng phton ca mi nh sng n sc c gi tr khng i, khng ph thuc v tr v l khang cch ti ngun sng Trong : + h = 6,625.10-34 Js l hng s Plng, c = 3.108m/s l vn tc nh sng trong chn khng. + f, l tn s, bc sng ca nh sng (ca bc x) trong chn khng ( khng kh ) + m l khi lng ca phtn 2. HIN TNG QUANG IN NGAI : l hin tng lectron b bc ra khi kim lai khi c nh sng thch hp chiu vo . l 0 a) iu kin xy ra hin tng quang in ngai l: l f e e 0 0f hc Vi l 0 l gii hn quang in ca kim lai c xc nh t h thc : l 0 = , A l cng that ca kim lai A b)Cng thc Anhxtanh :
hf =A +
2 mv 0 Max 2

2 mv 0 Max c = + A l 2

Trong :

A=

hc l0

Vi : +A l cng thot ca kim loi dng lm catt. + 0 l gii hn quang in ca kim loi dng lm catt + v0Max , m l vn tc ban u khi thot khi catt, khi lng ca electron quang in + f, l tn s, bc sng ca nh sng kch thch c)iu kin cg dng quag in trit tiu l UAK - Uh vi Uh gi l hiu in th hm :
eU h =
2 mv0 Max 2

Ch : Trong cc bi ton ngi ta ly Uh > 0 v l ln. d)Xt vt dn c lp v in, c in th cc i VMax v khong cch cc i dMax m electron chuyn ng trong in trng cn c cng E c tnh theo cng thc:
1 eV Max =m v 2
2 0 ax M

= Ed e

Max

* Vi U l hiu in th gia ant v catt, vA l vn tc cc i ca electron khi p vo ant. V vK = v0Max l vn tc ban u cc i ca electron khi ri catt th: e)Hiu sut lng t (hiu sut quang in)
1 2 1 e U = mv - mv A 2 2
2 K

H % =(

ne 100)% ng

Vi ne l s electron quang in bt khi catt v ng l s phtn p vo catt trong cng mt khong thi gian t. f) Cng sut ca ngun bc x trong thi gian t :

p=

nge nghf nghc = = t t tl

g) Cng dng quang in bo ho:

n e q I bh = = e t t

Do hiu sut quang in c th tnh theo cng thc

H=

I bh e I bhhf I hc = = bh pe pe p el

h) Bn knh qu o ca electron khi chuyn ng vi vn tc v trong t trng u B ru mv r R= ** Trng hp tng qut : vi : a = (v,B) e B sin a

r u r ** Trng hp c bit: Khi electron va ri khi catt vi v = v0Max v v ^ B th qu o ca lectron l ng trn c bn knh l :
Rmx = a m 0mx v a eB

Ch : Hin tng quang in xy ra khi c chiu ng thi nhiu bc x th Vn tc ban u cc i v0Max, hiu in th hm Uh, in th cc i VMax, u c tnh ng vi bc x c Min (hoc fMax) 3. BI TAN v TIA RN-GHEN ( TIA X ) : *Bc sng ngn nht ca tia Rnghen :
eU
A K

eU

A K

hc l
m in

hoc

Wd =

hc l min

vi

W =

mv 2 =eU 2

AK

2 mv 0 2

W = hf hoc vi fmax l tn s ln nht ca tia X Trong :+ W l ng nng ca electron khi p vo i catt (i m cc), UAK l hiu in th gia ant v catt, + v l vn tc lectron khi p vo i catt, v0 l vn tc ca electron khi ri catt (thng v0 = 0) + m = 9,1.10-31 kg l khi lng ca lectron 4. Cc nh lut quang in( LQ) v thuyt lng t nh sng (LTAS)

h f=

mx a

m ax

LQ1 ( 0 )

LQ2

LQ3 (Wd0 )max v v0.max khng ph thuc cng ca chm as kch thch m ch ph thuc vo bc sng ca as kch thch v bn cht ca kim lai lm catt (A)

THUYT LT AS Nguyn t hay phn t pht x hay hp th nng lng khng lin tc m thnh tng phn ring bit t qung. Mi phn gi l lng t nh sng hay phtn . Mi phtn c c mang nng lng l = hf = h

Ni dung

Hin tng quang Cng dng in ch xy ra khi quang in bo bc sng ca nh ha t l thun sng kch thch nh vi cng hn hoc bng gii ca chm as hn quang in kch thch

5. Cac hien tng ac trng cho tnh hat cua anh sang
H TNG QUANG IEN NGOI H TNG IN TRONG - H TNG QUANG DAN

NH NGHA

la hien tng electron b bt ra khoi mat cua kim loai khi b nh sang chieu vo

+ HTQ trong : l hien tng giai phong cc electron lin kt thnh cc lectron dn v l trng khi chieu nh sang thch hp vo ban dan +HT Quang dn : l hin tng gim mnh in tr (hoc in tr sut) ca cht bn dn khi b chiu sng

ieu kien xay ra

0 hoac A
+ + T T0

hoc

hoac

f f0

Trong o :+ : gii han quang ien hoac gh quang 0 dan + : la bc song cua as + T0 : chu k gii han +f0 : tan so gii han
Che tao quang tr , pin quang ien dung trong mach t ong ong ngat en ng, may tnh bo tui, may em t ong

+ T T0 hoc f f

ng dung

Che tao te bao quang ien dung trong mach ieu

khien t ong . 2

+ Cac n v khac thng s dung trong dang bai tap nay la : * lectron m m von (eV) : 1eV= 1,6. 10 19J . *Micro met ( m ): 1 m = 106 m *Nano met (nm) : 1nm =

10 9 m.

*Pico met (pm) : 1pm = 1012 m *Hang so Plang : h = 6,625.

*Angstrong ( A0 ) : 1 A0 = 1010 m

10 34J s. .

* ien tch cua lectron

e = 1 ,6.10 C

19

6. Hin tng hp th s Hin tng quang-pht quang Tia Laze

Hin tng hp th as *L hin tng mi trng vt cht lm gim cng chm sng chiu qua n *Khi truyn vo mi trng th cng as gim theo nh lut hm m ca di d ca ng i tia sng Hin tng quang-pht quang * l hin tng mt s cht c kh nng hp th nh sng c bc sng pht ra nh sng c bc sng / > * nh sng hynh quang do cht kh hoc lng b kch thch pht ra v hu nh tt ngay sau khi tt as kch thch. * nh sng ln quang do cht rn b kch thch pht ra v cn ko di kh lu sau khi tt as kch thch. Tia LAZE Laze l mt ngun sng c cng ln da trn ng dng ca s pht x cm ng

nh ngha c im

+C cng ln v c cc tnh cht : n sc , nh hng, kt hp rt cao. + nu ban u ch c 1 phtn bay ngang qua mt lat cc nguyn t ang trng thi kch thch th s ph tn sau s tng ln theo cp s nhn 2n nhn phtn hfmn Em En Em > En Vi n N*. n=6 n=5 n=4 n=3 Pasen pht phtn hfmn

7. CC TIN BO V QUANG PH CA HIDRO * Tin Bo

hc e = hf mn = = E m- E n l mn

* Bn knh qu o dng th n ca electron trong nguyn t hir:

rn = n2r0
Vi r0 = 5,3.10 m l bn knh Bo ( qu o K) *CT tnh Cc mc nng lng trong nguyn t hir:
En =13,6 eV ) ( n2
-11

* S m t cc mc nng lng trong nguyn t hir - Dy Laiman: Nm trong vng t ngoi ng vi e chuyn t qu o bn ngoi v qu o K Lu : +Vch di nht LK khi e chuyn t L K +Vch ngn nht K khi e chuyn t K. - Dy Banme: Mt phn nm trong vng t ngoi, mt phn nm trong vng nh sng nhn thy ng vi e chuyn t qu o bn ngoi v qu o L **Vng nh sng nhn thy c 4 vch: *Vch H ng vi e: M L *Vch lam H ng vi e: N L *Vch chm H ng vi e: O L *Vch tm H ng vi e: P L Lu : +Vch di nht ML (Vch H ) +Vch ngn nht L khi e chuyn t L. - Dy Pasen: Nm trong vng hng ngoi ng vi e chuyn t qu o bn ngoi v qu o M Lu : +Vch di nht NM khi e chuyn t N M. + Vch ngn nht M khi e chuyn t M.

P O N M

H H H H Banme

n=2

K Laiman

n=1

- Mi lin h gia cc bc sng hoc tn s ca cc vch quang ph ca nguyn t hir:

1 3 3 2
1 1 1 =+
2 1

hoc

2 3 3 1

1 1 =
2 1

f31 = f32 + f21

hoc

f32 = f31 - f21

( Cch vit h thc tng t nh cng thc cng vct hoc h thc Sa-l trong tan hc) **** Chu : + Khi lam bai tap th n v cua cac ai lng phai dung trong he n v SI. *Toc anh sang : c = 3 0 .1
8m s

*Khoi lng cua lectron :

m= 9,1.1031 kg