H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 1

A - PHN M U
I. L DO CHN TI.
Hin nay, khi m hnh thc thi trc nghim c p dng trong cc k thi tt nghip
v tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng th yu cu v phng php gii nhanh v ti u cc cu
hi trc nghim, c bit l cc cu hi trc nghim nh lng l rt cp thit cc em
c th t kt qu cao trong cc k thi .
gip cc em hc sinh nm c mt cch c h thng cc cng thc trong
chng trnh Vt L 12 C bn t suy ra mt s cng thc, kin thc khc dng gii
nhanh cc bi tp trc nghim nh lng, ti tp hp ra y cc cng thc c trong sch
gio theo tng phn, km theo l mt s cng thc, kin thc rt ra c khi gii mt
s bi tp kh, hay v in hnh. Hy vng rng tp ti liu ny gip ch c mt cht g
cho cc qu ng nghip trong qu trnh ging dy v cc em hc sinh trong qu trnh
kim tra, thi c.
II. I TNG V PHM VI P DNG
1) i tng s dng ti:
Hc sinh hc lp 12 n thi tt nghip v thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng.
2) Phm vi p dng:
Ton b chng trnh Vt L 12 Ban C bn.
III. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Xc nh i tng hc sinh p dng ti.
Tp hp cc cng thc trong sch gio khoa mt cch c h thng theo tng phn.
a ra mt s cng thc, kin cha ghi trong sch gio khoa nhng c suy ra khi
gii mt s bi tp in hnh.
Kim tra s tip thu ca hc sinh bng cc n luyn.
nh gi, a ra s iu chnh, b sung cho ph hp.

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 2

B - NI DUNG
I. DAO NG C
1. Dao ng iu ha
Li : x = Acos(t + ).
Vn tc: v = x = - Asin(t + ) = Acos(t + +
Vn tc sm pha

so vi li .
2

); vmax = A.
2

Gia tc: a = v = - 2Acos(t + ) = - 2x; amax = 2A.

so vi vn tc).
2
2
Lin h gia tn s gc, chu k v tn s: =
= 2f.
T
2
v
2
2
Cng thc c lp: A = x + .

Gia tc ngc pha vi li (sm pha

v tr cn bng: x = 0 th |v| = vmax = A v a = 0.

v tr bin: x = A th v = 0 v |a| = amax = 2A.
Trong mt chu k, vt dao ng iu ha i c qung ng 4A. Trong na chu k, vt
i c qung ng 2A. Trong mt phn t chu k tnh t v tr bin hoc v tr cn bng,
vt i c qung ng A, cn tnh t v tr khc th vt i c qung ng khc A.
Qung ng di nht vt i c trong mt phn t chu k l 2 A, qung ng ngn
nht vt i c trong mt phn t chu k l (2 - 2 )A.
Qung ng ln nht v nh nht vt i c trong khong thi gian 0 < t <

T
: vt c
2

vn tc ln nht khi i qua v tr cn bng v nh nht khi i qua v tr bin nn trong cng
mt khong thi gian qung ng i cng ln khi vt cng gn v tr cn bng v cng
nh khi cng gn v tr bin. S dng mi lin h gia dao ng iu ha v chuyn ng
trn u ta co: = t; Smax = 2Asin

; Smin = 2A(1 - cos

).
2
2

tnh vn tc trung bnh ca vt dao ng iu ha trong khong thi gian t no ta

xc nh gc quay c trong thi gian ny trn ng trn t tnh qung ng s i
c trong thi gian v tnh vn tc trung bnh theo cng thc vtb =
Phng trnh ng lc hc ca dao ng iu ha: x +

k
x = 0.
m

s
.
t

2. Con lc l xo
Phng trnh dao ng: x = Acos(t + ).
Vi: =

k
;A=
m

x
v
x + 0 ; cos = o (ly nghim "-" khi v0 > 0; ly nghim "+" khi
A

2
0

v0 < 0) ; (vi x0 v v0 l li v vn tc ti thi im ban u t = 0).

1 2
1
kx = kA2cos2( + ).
2
2
1
1
1
ng nng: W = mv2 = m 2A2sin2( + ) = kA2sin2( + ).
2
2
2

Th nng: Wt =

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 3

Th nng v ng nng ca vt dao ng iu ha bin thin iu ha vi tn s gc =

2, vi tn s f = 2f v vi chu k T =

T
.
2

Trong mt chu k c 4 ln ng nng v th nng bng nhau nn khong thi gian gia hai
ln lin tip ng nng v th nng bng nhau l
ng iu ha bng nhau ti v tr c li x =

T
. ng nng v th nng ca vt dao
4
A

2
1 2 1
1
1
C nng: W = Wt + W = kx + mv2 = kA2 = m 2A2.
2
2
2
2

Lc n hi ca l xo: F = k(l lo) = kl.

Con lc l xo treo thng ng: lo =

mg
;=
k

g
.
l o

Chiu di cc i ca l xo: lmax = l0 + l0 + A.

Chiu di cc tiu ca xo: lmin = l0 + l0 A.
Lc n hi cc i: Fmax = k(A + l0).
Lc n hi cc tiu: Fmin = 0 nu A l0; Fmin = k(l0 A) nu A < l0.
ln ca lc n hi ti v tr c li x:
Fh= k|l0 + x| vi chiu dng hng xung.
Fh = k|l0 - x| vi chiu dng hng ln.
Lc ko v: F = - kx.
1

L xo ghp ni tip: k = k + k + ... . cng gim, tn s gim.

1
2
L xo ghp song song: k = k1 + k2 + ... . cng tng, tn s tng.
3. Con lc n
Phng trnh dao ng: s = Socos(t + ) hay = 0cos(t + ); vi s = .l ; S0 = 0.l
(vi v 0 tnh ra rad).
l
g
1
; T = 2
;f=
g
l
2

Tn s gc, chu k, tn s: =
ng nng: W =

g
.
l

1
mv2 = mgl(cos - cos0).
2

Th nng: Wt = mgl(1 - cos).

C nng: W = mgl(1 - cos0).
1
1
1
2
2
mgl2; W = mgl( 0 - 2); W = mgl 0 ; v o tnh ra rad.
2
2
2
1
2
C nng ca con lc n dao ng iu ha: W = Wd + Wt = mgl(1 - coso) = mgl 0 .
2
Vn tc khi i qua v tr c li gc : v = 2 gl (cos cos 0 ) .

Nu o 100 th: Wt =

Vn tc khi i qua v tr cn bng ( = 0): |v| = vmax = 2 gl (1 cos 0 ) .

Nu o 100 th: v = gl ( 0 ) ; vmax = o gl ; v o tnh ra rad.
Sc cng ca si dy khi i qua v tr c li gc :
2

T = mgcos +

mv 2
= mg(3cos - 2cos0).
l

TVTCB = Tmax = mg(3 - 2cos0); Tbin = Tmin = mg cos0.

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 4

3 2
o2
2
Nu o 10 : T = 1 + - ; Tmax = mg(1 + 0 ); Tmin = mg(1 ).
2
2
0

2
0

Con lc n c chu k T cao h, nhit t. Khi a ti cao h, nhit t th ta c :

T h t
=
+
; vi T = T - T, R = 6400 km l bn knh Tri t, h = h - h, t = t - t,
T
R
2

l h s n di ca thanh treo con lc. Vi ng h m dy s dng con lc n: Khi

T > 0 th ng h chy chm, T < 0 th ng h chy nhanh. Thi gian chy sai trong
mt ngy m (24 gi): t =

T .86400
T'

Con lac n chu them cac lc khac ngoai trong lc :

Trong lc bieu kien: P' = P + F

l
Gia toc ri t do bieu kien: g ' = g + F . Khi o: T = 2
.
g'
m

Thng gap: Lc ien trng F = q E ; lc quan tnh: F = - m a .

Cac trng hp ac biet:
F
g 2 + ( ) 2 . Khi o v tr can bang
m
F
mi lech vi phng thang ng goc co: tan = .
P
F

F co phng thang ng hng len th g = g - m .

F

F co phng thang ng hng xuong th g = g + m .

F co phng ngang th g =

Chu k cua con lac n treo trong thang may:

Khi thang may ng yen hoac chuyen ong thang eu : T =
2

l
.
g

Khi thang may i len nhanh dan eu hoac i xuong cham

dan eu vi gia toc co o ln la a ( a hng len): T = 2

l
.
g+a

Khi thang may i len cham dan eu hoac i xuong nhanh dan

eu vi gia toc co o ln la a ( a hng xuong): T = 2

.
g a
4. Dao ong cng bc, cong hng
Con lac lo xo dao ong tat dan vi bien o ban au la A,
he so ma sat :
kA 2
2 A2
=
Quang ng vat i c en luc dng lai: S =
.
2 mg
2g
4 mg
4 g
o giam bien o sau moi chu k: A =
= 2 .
k

2
A
Ak
A
=
=
So dao ong thc hien c: N =
.
A 4 mg 4 mg

Hien tng cong hng xay ra khi f = f0 hay = 0 hay T = T0.

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 5

5. Tong hp cac dao ong ieu hoa cung phng cung

tan so
Neu: x1 = A1cos(t + 1) va x2 = A2cos(t + 2) th
x = x1 + x2 = Acos(t + ) vi A va c xac nh bi:
A1 sin 1 + A2 sin 2

A2 = A12 + A22 + 2 A1A2 cos ( 2 - 1); tan = A cos + A cos

1
1
2
2
+ Hai dao ong cung pha ( 2 - 1 = 2k): A = A1 + A2.
+ Hai dao ong ngc pha ( 2 - 1)= (2k + 1)): A = |A1 - A2|.
+ Neu o lech pha bat ky th: | A1 - A2 | A A1 + A2 .
Trng hp biet mot dao ong thanh phan x1 = A1cos(t + 1)
va dao ong tong hp la x = Acos(t + ) th dao ong thanh
phan con lai x2 = A2cos(t + 2) vi A2 va 2 c xac nh bi:
A sin A1 sin 1

A 22 = A2 + A 12 - 2 AA1 cos ( - 1); tan = A cos A cos .

1
1
Trng hp vat tham gia nhieu dao ong ieu hoa cung
phng cung tan so th ta co:
Ax = Acos = A1cos 1 + A2cos 2 + A3cos 3 +
Ay = Asin = A1sin 1 + A2sin 2 + A3sin 3 +
A=

Ax2 + Ay2 va tan =

Ay
Ax

II. SONG C VA SONG AM

1. Song c
Lien he gia van toc, chu k, tan so va bc song: = vT =
v
.
f

Nang lng song: W =

1
m 2A2.
2

Tai nguon phat O phng trnh song la u0 = acos(t + ) th

phng trnh song tai M tren phng truyen song la: uM = acos(t
+ - 2

x
OM
) = acos(t + - 2 ).

o lech pha cua hai dao ong gia hai iem cach nhau mot
khoang d tren phng truyen song: =

2d
.

2. Giao thoa song

Neu tai hai nguon S1 va S2 cung phat ra 2 song giong het
nhau: u1 = u2 = Acost va bo qua mat mat nang lng khi song
truyen i th th song tai M (vi S1M = d1; S2M = d2) la tong hp
hai song t S1 va S2 truyen ti se co phng trnh la:
uM = 2Acos

(d 2 d1 )
(d 2 + d1 )
cos(t ).

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 6

o lech pha cua hai song t hai nguon truyen ti M la: =

2 (d 2 d1 )
.

Tai M co cc ai khi d2 - d1 = k; cc tieu khi d2 - d1 = (2k + 1) .

So cc ai (gn song) gia 2 nguon S1 va S2 dao ong cung
pha: k =

2 S1 S 2
; vi k Z.

Tren oan thang S1S2 noi hai nguon, khoang cach gia hai cc
ai hoac hai cc tieu lien tiep (goi la khoang van i) la: i =

.
2

Trng hp sng pht ra t hai ngun lch pha nhau = 2 - 1 th s cc i v cc

tiu trn on thng l s cc gi tr ca k ( z) tnh theo cng thc:
S 1 S 2
SS

+
<k< 1 2 +
.

2
SS
SS
1
1
Cc tiu: 1 2 +
<k< 1 2 +
.

2 2

2 2

Cc i:

3. Song dng
Khoang cach gia 2 nut hoac 2 bung lien ke cua song dng
la

.
2

Khoang cach gia nut va bung lien ke cua song dng la

.
Hai iem oi xng nhau qua bung song luon dao ong cung
pha, hai iem oi xng nhau qua nut song luon dao ong
ngc pha.
ieu kien e co bung song tai iem M cach vat can co
nh mot khoang d la:
d=k

+ ; vi k Z.
2
4

ieu kien e co nut song tai iem M cach vat can co nh

mot khoang d la:

d = k ; k Z.
ieu kien e co bung song tai iem M cach vat can t do
mot khoang d la:

d = k ; vi k Z.
ieu kien e co nut song tai iem M cach vat can t do
mot khoang d la:

d=k +

; k Z.
4

ieu kien e co song dng tren si day co chieu dai l:

Hai au la hai nut: l = k .

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 7

Mot au la nut, mot au la bung: l = (2k + 1) .

4. Song am
I

Mc cng o am: L = lg I
0
Cng o am chuan: I0 = 10-12W/m2.
Cng o am tai iem cach nguon am (co cong suat P)
mot khoang R la: I =

P
.
4R 2

Tan so song am do day an phat ra (hai au co nh): f = k

v
; k = 1, am phat ra la am c ban, k = 2, 3, 4, , am phat ra
2l

la cac hoa am.

Tan so song am do ong sao phat ra (mot au bt kn, mot
au e h):
f = (2k + 1)

v
; k = 0, am phat ra la am c ban, k = 1, 2, 3, ,
4l

am phat ra la cac hoa am.

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 8

III. DONG IEN XOAY CHIEU

Cam khang cua cuon day: ZL = L.
Dung khang cua tu ien: ZC =

1
.
C

Tong tr cua oan mach RLC: Z =

R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 .

U
U
; Io = O .
Z
Z
I
U
Cac gia tr hieu dung: I = o ; U = o ; UR = IR; UL = IZL; UC = IZC.
2
2
1
Z L ZC
L
o lech pha gia u va i: tan =
=
C .
R
R
R
Cong suat: P = UIcos = I2R. He so cong suat: cos = .
Z

nh luat Om: I =

ien nang tieu thu mach ien: W = A = P.t.

Bieu thc cua u va i:
Neu i = Iocos(t + i) th u = Uocos(t + i + ).
Neu u = Uocos(t + u) th i = Iocos(t + u - ).
Trng hp ien ap gia hai au oan mach la u = Uocos(t +
). Neu oan mach ch co tu ien th i = I ocos(t + +

) = 2

I0sin(t + ) hay oan mach ch co cuon cam th i = Iocos(t + i2 u2

) = I0sin(t + ). Khi o ta se co: 2 + 2 = 1.

I0 U0
2

ZL > ZC th u nhanh pha hn i; ZL < ZC th u cham pha hn i.

Cc ai do cong hng ien: Khi ZL = ZC hay =

1
LC

pha vi i ( = 0), co cong hng ien. Khi o Imax =

th u cung
U
U2
; Pmax =
R
R

.
Cc ai cua P theo R: R = |ZL ZC|. Khi o Pmax

U2
U2
=
=
.
2 | Z L ZC |
2R

R 2 + Z C2
U R 2 + Z C2
Cc ai cua UL theo ZL: ZL =
. Khi o ULmax =
.
ZC
R
2
Cc i UL theo : =
.
2 LC R 2C 2
2
2
R 2 + Z L2
Cc ai cua UC theo ZC: ZC =
. Khi o UCmax = U R + Z L .
ZL
R

Cc i UC theo : =

1
R2
2 .
LC 2 L

Mach ba pha mac hnh sao: Ud = 3 Up; Id = Ip.

Mach ba pha mac hnh tam giac: Ud = Up; Id = 3 Ip.
May bien ap:

U2
I1
N2
=
=
.
U1
I2
N1

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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 9

Cong suat hao ph tren ng day tai: Php = rI2 = r(

P 2
r
) = P2 2 .
U
U

Khi tang U len n lan th cong suat hao ph Php giam i n2 lan.
Hieu suat tai ien: H =

P Php

o giam ien ap tren ng day tai ien: U = Ir.

T thong qua khung day cua may phat ien: = NBScos(t +
) = 0 cos(t + ).
Suat ong trong khung day cua may phat ien:
e=-

d
= - = NBSsin(t + ) = E0 cos(t + - ).
dt
2

Tan so dong ien do may phat ien xoay chieu 1 pha co p

cap cc khi roto quay vi toc o n vong/giay la: f = pn (Hz);
khi ro to quay vi toc o n vong/phut la: f =

pn
(Hz).
60

Trong 1 giay dong ien xoay chieu co tan so f oi chieu 2f

lan.
May phat ien xoay chieu 3 pha mac hnh sao: Ud = 3 Up. Mac
hnh tam giac: Ud = Up.
Tai tieu thu mac hnh sao: Id = Ip. Mac hnh tam giac: Id = 3 Ip.
Cong suat tieu thu tren ong c ien: I2r + P = UIcos .
IV. DAO ONG IEN T
Chu k, tan so, tan so goc cua mach dao ong:
T = 2 LC ; f =

1
2 LC

;=

LC

Bc song ien t: Trong chan khong: =

c
; trong moi
f

trng co chiet suat n: = nf .

Mach chon song cua may thu vo tuyen thu c song ien
t co bc song:
c

= f = 2c LC .
Neu mach chon song co L va C bien oi th bc song ma
may thu vo tuyen thu c se thay oi trong gii han t min =
2c Lmin C min en max = 2c Lmax C max .
Bieu thc ien tch tren tu: q = qocos(t + ). Khi t = 0 neu tu
ien ang tch ien: q tang th i = q > 0 < 0. Khi t = 0 neu tu
ien ang phong ien: q giam th i = q < 0 > 0.
Cng o dong ien tren mach dao ong: i = Iocos(t + +
ien ap tren tu ien: u =

q
q
= 0 cos(t + ) = Uocos(t + ).
C
C

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).
2

 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 10

1
1 q2
2
Nang lng ien trng: WC = Cu =
.
2
2 C
1
Nang lng t trng: Wt = Li2 .
2
1 q 02
1
1
Nang lng ien t: W = WC + Wt =
= CU 02 = LI 02 .
2 C
2
2

Nang lng ien trng va nang lng t trng bien thien

vi tan so goc = 2 =

2
LC

, vi chu k T =

T
= LC con
2

nang lng ien t th khong thay oi theo thi gian.

Neu mach co ien tr thuan R 0 th dao ong se tat dan.
e duy tr dao ong can cung cap cho mach mot nang lng
2 C 2U 02 R U 02 RC
=
co cong suat : P = I R =
.
2
2L
I
Lien he gia qo, Uo, Io: qo = CUo = o = Io LC .

1
1
1
1
Bo tu mac noi tiep: C = C + C + ... + C .
n
1
2
2

Bo tu mac song song: C = C1 + C2 + + Cn.

V. TNH CHAT SONG CUA ANH SANG.
V tr van sang, van toi, khoang van: xs = k
;i=

.D
; vi k Z.
a

.D
.D
; xt = (2k + 1)
a
2a

Th nghiem giao thoa thc hien trong khong kh o c khoang

van la i th khi a vao trong moi trng trong suot co chiet
suat n se o c khoang van la i =

i
.
n

Gia n van sang (hoac van toi) lien tiep la (n 1) khoang

van.
x M OM
=
= k, o la van sang bac k.
i
i
x
1
Tai M co van toi khi: M = (2k + 1) .
i
2

Tai M co van sang khi:

So van sang - toi trong mien giao thoa co be rong L: lap t

so N =

L
2i

So van sang: Ns = 2N + 1 (lay phan nguyen cua N).

So van toi: Khi phan thap phan cua N < 0,5: Nt = 2N (lay
phan nguyen cua N). Khi phan thap phan cua N > 0,5: Nt = 2N
+ 2 (lay phan nguyen cua N).
Giao thoa vi anh sang trang (0,38m 0,76m):
Anh sang n sac cho van sang tai v tr ang xet neu:
x=k

ax
ax
.D
ax
; kmin = D ; kmax = D ; =
; vi k Z.
a
Dk
d
t
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 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 11

Anh sang n sac cho van toi tai v tr ang xet neu:
x = (2k + 1)

ax
1
ax 1
2ax
.D
; kmin = D 2 ; kmax = D 2 ; = D(2k + 1) .
2a
d
t

Be rong quang pho bac n trong giao thoa vi anh sang trang:
xn = n

( d t ) D
.
a

Bc song anh sang trong chan khong: = f .

v

Bc song anh sang trong moi trng: = f = nf = n .

Trong ong Culitgi:

hc
1
mv 2max = eU0AK = hfmax = .
2
min

VI. LNG T ANH SANG

Nang lng cua photon anh sang: = hf =

hc
.

Cong thc Anhxtanh, gii han quang ien, ien ap ham:

hf =

Wd max
hc
1
hc
= A + mv 02 max ; o =
; Uh = - e .

2
A

ien the cc ai qua cau kim loai co lap ve ien at c

khi chieu chum sang co o: Vmax =

Wd max
e .

Cong suat cua nguon sang, cng o dong quang ien bao
hoa, hieu suat lng t:
P = n

ne
hc
; Ibh = ne|e|; H = n .

mv 2
R
hc
= hf =
.

Lc Lorrenx, lc hng tam: Flr = qvBsin; Fht = maht =

Quang pho vach cua nguyen t hyro: En Em

Ban knh quy ao dng th n cua electron trong nguyen t

hiro: rn = n2r1; vi r1 = 0,53.10-10 m la ban knh Bo ( quy ao
K).
Nang lng cua electron trong nguyen t hiro: En = -

13,6
(eV).
n2

VII. VAT LY HAT NHAN

Hat nhan X , co A nuclon; Z proton; N = (A Z) ntron.
So hat nhan, khoi lng cua chat phong xa con lai sau thi
gian t:
t
t

N = No 2 T = No e- t; m(t) = mo 2 T = moe- t.
So hat nhan mi c tao thanh (bang so hat nhan b phan
ra) sau thi gian t:
t

N = N0 N = N0 (1 2 T ) = N0(1 e- t).
Khoi lng chat mi c tao thanh sau thi gian t:
A
Z

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Bnh Thun

 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 12

m = m0

A'
A'
t

(1 2 T ) = m0 (1 e- t).
A
A

o phong xa: H = N = No e- t = Ho e- t = Ho 2 T .
ln 2 0,693
=
la hang so phong xa; T la chu k ban ra.
T
T
m
So hat nhan trong m gam chat n nguyen t: N = N A .
A

Vi: =

Lien he gia nang lng va khoi lng: E = mc2.

m0

Khoi lng ong: m =

v2 .
c2

o hut khoi cua hat nhan: m = Zmp + (A Z)mn mhn.

Nang lng lien ket: Wlk = mc2.
Nang lng lien ket rieng: =

Wlk
.
A

Cac nh luat bao toan trong phan ng hat nhan:

A
A
Z X3 + Z X4.
Bao toan so nuclon: A1 + A2 = A3 + A4.
Bao toan ien tch: Z1 + Z2 = Z3 + Z4.

Bao toan ong lng: m1 v1 + m2 v 2 = m3 v3 + m4 v 4 .

Bao toan nang lng:
3

(m1 + m2)c2 +

A1
Z1

X1 +

A2
Z2

X2

1
1
1
1
m1v 12 + m2v 22 = (m3 + m4)c2 + m3v 32 + m4v 24 .
2
2
2
2

Nang lng toa ra hoac thu vao trong phan ng hat nhan:
W = (m1 + m2 m3 m4)c2 = W3 + W4 W1 W2 = A33 + A44 A11
A22.
Cac so lieu va n v thng s dung trong vat l hat nhan:
So Avogaro: NA = 6,022.1023mol-1.
n v nang lng: 1 eV = 1,6.10-19 J; 1 MeV = 106 eV = 1,6.10-13 J.
n v khoi lng nguyen t: 1u = 1,66055.10 -27 kg = 931,5
MeV/c2.
ien tch nguyen to: e = 1,6.10-19 C.
Khoi lng proton: mp = 1,0073 u. Khoi lng ntron: mn =
1,0087 u.
Khoi lng electron: me = 9,1.10-31 kg = 0,0005 u.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Bnh Thun

 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 13

C - KT LUN
Thc t ging dy v kt qu cc k thi trong nm hc 2008 2009 ca trng
THPT Bi Th Xun, Phan Thit, Bnh Thun, ni ti ang cng tc cho thy vic cc em
hc sinh s dng h thng kin thc trn y gii cc cu hi trc nghim nh lng
trong cc thi tt nghip v tuyn sinh mn Vt L cho kt qu rt tt.
Tuy nhin, vn cn mt b phn hc sinh cho rng rt kh hc thuc ht cc cng
thc trn. gii quyt vn ny ti a ra cho hc sinh ca ti mt gii php l
khng cn hc thuc lng cc cng thc ny m hy t gii nhiu n luyn. Trong qu
trnh gii nu lin quan n kin thc no th c m ti liu ra xem phn , sau mt thi
gian s t khc nh ht m khng cn s dng ti liu na.
Do thi gian cn eo hp nn ti liu trnh by cha tht hon chnh, cn thiu cc v
d minh ha v chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong nhn c
nhng nhn xt, gp ca cc qu ng nghip xy dng c mt tp ti liu hon
ho hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n.

Mi N, thng 04 nm 2010
Tc gi

Dng Vn ng

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Bnh Thun

 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 14

MC LC
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

NI DUNG
A PHN M U
B NI DUNG
I. Dao ng c
II. Sng c v sng m
III. Dng in xoay chiu
IV. Dao ng in t
V. Tnh cht sng ca nh sng
VI. Lng t nh sng
VII. Vt l ht nhn
C . KT LUN

TRANG
1
2
2
5
7
8
9
10
10
12

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vt l 12 C bn V Quang (ch bin) NXB GD Nm 2008.
2. Vt l 12 Nng cao V Thanh Khit (ch bin) NXB GD Nm 2008.
3. Ni dung n tp mn Vt l 12 Nguyn Trng Su NXB GD Nm 2010.
4. Vt l 12 Nhng bi tp hay v in hnh Nguyn Cnh He NXB HQG H Ni 2008.
5. Bi ging trng tm chng trnh chun Vt l 12 V Thanh Khit NXB HQG H Ni 2010.

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Bnh Thun

 H thng cng thc L 12 C bn Dng gii nhanh cc cu trc nghim nh lng Trang 15

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
----- -----

PHIU NH GI, XP LOI SNG KIN KINH NGHIM

Nm hc 2009 2010
I. nh gi, xp loi ca HKH trng THPT Bi Th Xun
1. Tn ti: ...........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
2. H v tn tc gi: ................................................................................................................
3. Chc v: ................................................... T: ...................................................................
4. Nhn xt ca Ch tch HKH v ti:
a) u im: ...........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
b) Hn ch: ............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
5. nh gi, xp loi:
Sau khi thm nh, nh gi ti trn, HKH trng THPT Bi Th Xun thng nht
xp loi: ..................................................................................................................................
Nhng ngi thm nh:
(K, ghi r h tn)
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................

Ch tch HKH C S
(K, ng du, ghi r h tn)

II. nh gi, xp loi ca HKH S GD&T Tnh Bnh Thun

Sau khi thm nh, nh gi ti trn, HKH S GD&T Bnh Thun thng nht xp
loi: .........................................................................................................................................
Nhng ngi thm nh:
(K, ghi r h tn)
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................

Ch tch HKH NGNH GD

(K, ng du, ghi r h tn)

Ngi vit: Dng Vn ng Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Bnh Thun