CHAPTER 2: SQUARES, SQUARE ROOTS, CUBES & CUBE ROOTS 2.

1 Squares of Numbers To state a number multiplied by itself as a number to the power of two and vice versa A square of a number is the number MULTIPLIED BY ITSELF Example 1: Index form 32

To determine the squares of numbers without using calculators Example 2: Find the value of: a) 12
2

2 b) 5
2

c) 0.032 c) 0.032 = 0.03 0.03 = 0.0009

Solution: a) 122 = 12 12 = 144

Expanded form Read as 33 Three to the power of two @ Three squared Value 1 4

Value 9

2 2 2 b) = 5 5 5 4 = 25

Activity: Fill in the table below. Index form Expanded form 12 11 22 22 2 3 42

To estimate the squares of numbers Using 2 methods: a) By approximation b) By determining the range Example 3: Estimate the value of 3.62 Solution: Method 1: By approximation 3.6 4 3.62 42 Therefore, 3.62 16 Method 2: By determining the range

Perfect Squares

3.6

3.6 is between 3 and 4 3.62 is between 32 and 42 Therefore, 3.62 is between 9 and 16

To determine if a number is a perfect square Example 4: Determine if each of the following numbers is a perfect square: a) 144 Solution: 144 = 2 2 6 6 2 144 = (2 6) (2 6) 2 72 = 12 12 6 36 = 142 6 Therefore, 144 is a perfect square.

2.2 Square Roots of Positive Numbers The square root of a positive number is the number when multiplied by itself, equals to the given number. Square root is the reverse operation of square, just like divide () and multiplies (). If 3 4 = 12, then 12 4 = 3 If 42 = 16, then 16 = 4

To determine the square roots of numbers without using calculators b) 260 Solution: 2 260 2 130 2 56 2 28 2 14 7 a) Square roots of perfect squares 260 = 2 2 2 2 2 7 = (2 2 2 2) (2 7) = 16 14 Therefore, 260 is NOT a perfect square. Example 6: Evaluate these: a) 36 Solution: 36 = 6 6 =6 b) 196 Solution:

To pose & solve problems involving squares of numbers Example 5: Puan Aminah has a square-shaped garden measuring 10.4 m in length. Find the area of the garden. Solution: Area of square = 10.4 10.4 = 10.42 = 108.16 m2 b) Square roots of fractions Example 7: Evaluate these: 4 a) 9 Solution: 4 2 2 = 9 3 3 2 = 3

8 98 Solution: b)