AIDS 101 Basic Knowledge on HIV and AIDS

ERNA A. SAMPIANO, RSW DSWD FOXI

RATIONALE
Pursuant to R.A. 8504 The National AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) made the Announcement No. 21, series of 2010 mandating all government agencies to integrate and implement HIV and AIDS workplace policy and education program.

DOH-NEC HIV CASES

Geographic Distributions

HIV and AIDS

There is a hidden and growing HIV Transmission in the Philippines. 6 cases a day, therefore, we should not be complacent.

What is HIV ?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - The virus which causes AIDS.

What is AIDS ?

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) A condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another which attacks and weakens the bodys immune system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections

AIDS HAS TWO FACES

HIV INFECTION Successful entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus inside the body; no signs or symptoms
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; terminal stage; with signs and symptoms; presence of opportunistic infections

How HIV Affects the Immune System

http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

MODES OF HIVTRANSMISSION: 1. Sexual contact

Contact with infected semen and vaginal fluid through vaginal, anal or oral sex

MMWR, January 21, 2005 / 54(RR02);1-20

4/3/2012

MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:

2. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products
Sharing of contaminated needles and syringes by IV drug users (IDUs) Driving force of HIV epidemics in Asian countries In the latest report of the NEC, one IDU was documented to be infected with HIV

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MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:

3. Exposure to infected blood and blood Products in the hospital setting

Blood Transfusion

Organ Transplant Accidents in

health care

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MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION 4. Infected mother to child

During pregnancy

During delivery

During breast feeding

HIV is NOT transmitted thru:

Coughing / Sneezing

Shaking Hands

Sharing Nipper

Eating

Embracing
Dr. Uddin/CHO

Kissing

Using Public Toilet

Swimming pool

Mosquito Bite

Natural History of HIV infection

Viral transmission
2-3 weeks

Acute retroviral syndrome

2-3 weeks

Recovery + seroconversion

4-12 weeks Avg. 8 yrs

Asymptomatic chronic HIV infection

Symptomatic HIV infection /AIDS

Death
Avg. 1.3 yrs

It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS Antiretroviral drugs can slow down the process even further
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How to monitor HIV in ones body?

CD4 count - normal above 800 - 1050 cells/mm3 The lower the CD4 count, the more severe is the HIV infection Viral Load (HIV RNA) directly measures the number of virus in ones body units: copies/ml The higher the viral load, the more severe the infection

GOALS OF AntiretroViral (ARV) Medicines

slows down the multiplication of HIV lowers the ability of HIV to damage the immune system Restore immunologic function
stabilise or increase in CD4 cell count

Stop disease progression (new infections) Improve of quality of life

Window Period

PLHIV

PLWA

Clinical Stage 1: Persons Living with HIV

Clinical Stage 2: Minor Cutaneous Manifestations Herpes Zooster

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Clinical stage 3: Persistent oral candidiasis

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Clinical Stage 4
Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma

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Clinical Stage 4
Chronic Herpes Simplex infections

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Testing algorithm for HIV in the Philippines

Screening test: ELISA
Detects presence of antibodies to HIV Accuracy of greater than 99% Almost everyone becomes positive within three months of infection

Confirmatory test : Western blot

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Source: Pinsky and Douglas, The Columbia University Handbook on HIV and AIDS 2003

IKAW BA AY?

Nakikipagtalik ka ba sa isang Positibo

Tumuturok ka ba ng droga?

IKAW BA AY?

Sinalinan ka ba ng dugo?

Maraming katalik?

IKAW BA AY?

Sumuso sa inang positibo?

Mga lalaking nakikipagtalik sa kapwa lalaki?

KUNG GANOON IKAW AY? MAY HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR

Prevention is the key

NO effective vaccine for HIV NO cure for HIV Treatment is lifelong

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ABCDE Prevention of HIV

ABSTINENCE: Do not have

sex. In the case of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age of first sexual encounter) will help.

BE FAITHFUL/MONOGAMOUSHave ONE sexual partner

Prevention of HIV

CORRECT and consistent use

of CONDOM and safer sex practices

DO NOT inject drugs

Prevention of HIV EDUCATION- Early

diagnosis and treatment of STI/ Education on STIHIV

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?

DO NOT STIGMATIZE THEM.

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?

DO NOT ISOLATE THEM.

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH PERSONS WITH HIV?

CONSIDER THEM A PART OF THE COMMUNITY.

AIDS or HIV infection can be treated but cannot be cured A person with HIV is infectious for life

Anyone can get HIV

You cannot tell who is infected

HIV is preventable