Leptospirosis

(Weils disease/ canicola fever/hemorrhagic jaundice/mud fever/swine herd disease)

-Is a zoonotic infectious bacterial disease by animals, both domestic and wild, whose urine contaminated which is ingested or inoculated through the skin

Etiologic agent: Leptospira interrogans Incubation period: 6-15 days Period of communicability: between 10 20 days after the onset. Mode of transmission: 1. Transmitted through ingestion or contact 2. Transmitted through the mucous membrane of the eyes, nose, and mouth, and trough break on the skin. 3. Leptospira enters the blood to cause damage. Clinical Manifestations: 1. 2. 3. 4. The symptoms range from severity to asymptomatic fatal outcome. Clinical course is generally biphasic and the majority of the cause is uninteric. Three septic stages can be recognized: A. Septic stage Febrile- 4 7 days Abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, anorexia, abdominal pain, and severe prostration. Respiratory distress B. Immune or toxic stage- with or without jaundice last for 4 to 30 days Iritis Headache Disorientation Convulsions Renal failure Death may occur 9th to the 16th day

c. convalescence- relapse may occur during 4th to 5th week

pathogenesis Cattle, swine, and livestock Dog Rodents wild animals

Man

Contact with contaminated water and soil Entry through the eyes, mouth, and broken skin

Management: 1. Medical a. Penicillin G Na b. Tetracycline c. Peritoneal dialysis d. Fluid and electrolyte 2. Nursing a. Isolate the patient, urine must be properly disposed of. b. Keep patient under close surveillance c. For home care, dirty places, pools, and stagnant water must be cleaned. d. Eradicate rats and rodents Prevention and Control: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sanitation in homes, work places, and farms is a must Proper drainage system and control of rodents Animals must be vaccinated Infected humans and pets should be treated Information- dissemination campaign must be conducted effectively

MALARIA (Ague)

An acute parasitic disease transmitted by the bit of infected mosquitoes. Causes more disability and heavier economic burden then any parasitic disease.

Etiologic AgenT: Protozoa of genus plasmodia 1. Four species