Reviving the Electric Car

History
1902 Woods Electric Phaeton 1911 Baker Electric

1832 Robert Anderson invents a non-rechargeable electric carriage. 1835 Thomas Davenport builds the first practical electric vehicle and receiving a patent for the first electric motor in 1837. 1859 French physicist Gaston Plant invents the rechargeable lead-acid battery. 1891 William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa builds the first successful electric automobile in the United States. 1900 One-third of all cars found on the roads of New York City, Boston, and Chicago are electric.

History
Victor Wouk with 1972 Buick Skylark Hybrid 1975 Sebring-Vanguard-CitiCar

1908 Henry Ford introduces the gasoline-powered Model T. 1912 Charles Kettering invents the electric automobile starter. Eliminating the need for a hand crank starter on gasoline powered vehicles. 1972 Victor Wouk builds the first full-size hybrid vehicle 1974 Vanguard-Sebring's CitiCar is introduced it has a top speed of 30 mph and a 40 mile range. 1975 The U.S. Postal Service purchases 350 electric delivery jeeps from AM General.

History
1996

Saturn EV1

Chevrolet Volt Concept Car

1996 General Motors Saturn EV1 is released. 1997 Toyota introduces the Prius, the first mass-produced hybrid. 2003 General Motors announces that it will not renew leases on the EV1. 2007 General Motors unveils the Chevrolet Volt concept car. 2008 Tesla Motors begins production of the Tesla Roadster

1904 Baker Electric Stanhope

Horsepower 1.75 Top Speed 14 mph 3 Speed Transmission Range 40 miles Weight 975 lbs Shaft drive $1600

1975 Sebring-Vanguard CitiCar

Horsepower 3.5 Top Speed 44 mph 3 Speed Transmission Range 50 miles Weight 1475 lbs Direct Drive Full charge in 6 hours $3500

1998 Saturn EV1

Horsepower 137 Top Speed 80 mph (regulated) Range 75 to 130 miles Weight 3084 lbs Full charge in 6 hours $33,995 ($349 per month lease)

Saturn EV1 Today

Tesla Roadster
Horsepower 248 Top Speed 125 mph 2 Speed Transmission Range 220 miles Full charge in 3.5 hrs (with 70 amp home charging station) Shaft Drive Weight 2690 lbs $109,000 (2009)

Tesla Roadster
Factory Options
Premium Audio Package $2,000

Custom seats $2,500 Painted Carbon Fiber Hard Top/Exposed Carbon Fiber Hard Top $3,200/$5,000 Metallic or Premium Exterior Paint $500/$1,000 High Power Connector: 40 amp/70 amp $1,500/$2,000 Mobile Connector $1,200 Fully loaded- $122,700

Tesla Roadster
Performance

Continuous Torque 0-60 in 3.9 seconds 125 mph top speed

Tesla Roadster

Tesla Roadster
Battery Technology 6,831 Lithium Ion batteries (laptop) Each cell is independent 100,000 mile life expectancy Non-hazardous waste Recyclable Accounts for $20,000 of the cost of the vehicle

Battery Cost

Tesla Roadster
Energy Efficiency

Tesla Roadster
Energy Efficiency

Per Mile Cost

At $.06 US per KWh, a battery-powered car costs $.02$.03 per mile on grid electricity

Tesla Roadster cost is calculated using average winter/summer PG&E schedule E-9 off-peak rate A tariff, as of March 1, 2007.

Per Mile Cost Comparison

Tesla Roadster
Energy Efficiency- Solar

the panels produce about $3,200 worth of transportation fuel plus about $600 worth of home energy, for a total of about $3,800 per year.- Martin Eberhard

Tesla Roadster
Maintenance
12,000 miles/12 months

Reduced Maintenance

No motor oil or oil filters to change No smog equipment to check No air filters to replace No power steering fluids to refill

Tesla Business Model

Electric vehicle technology without sacrificing performance or style. Competitive price point with other supercars. High end technology can be optimized and reused on more accessible vehicles. Plans for WhiteStar sedan are in the works.

Obstacles
Start-up car company Lithium Ion battery costs Range concerns Price and consumer acceptance Market