Chemical Equilibrium: Reactions that never stop!!

Equilibrium Reactions:
Reactions

that seem to stop even when there are reactants remaining. Example: a weak acid only partially dissociating into ions and having poor conductivity.

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1. What is changing with time?
2. Which quantities are decreasing and which is 3. 4.

5.
6.

7.

increasing? On the left side of the graph: are H2 and N2 decreasing at the same rate? Think about the equation- does the equation confirm your answer? What is happening to the concentration of NH3? What happens on the right side of the vertical dashed line? What can you infer?

Concentration over the time of a reaction

Initially

the concentration of product is zero. As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of reactants decreases and the concentration of products increases.

In

reversible reactions, products break down to reform reactants. When the reactants are forming products at the same speed that products are breaking down, the system is in equilibrium.

occurs when: Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. Not necessarily equal.

Equilibrium

Law of Chemical Equilibrium Expresses the relative concentrations of reactants to products at equilibrium. Since the [ ] at equilibrium is constant, we can set the molarities equal to a constant, known as the equilibrium constant.

The Equilibrium Expression

When

writing the Chem. Equil. Expression, pure solids and pure liquids are omitted.

Voting Card

What types of substances are not included in the equilibrium expression? All gases and aqueous substances All substances

Pure solids and liquids

I dont know

Examples

Carbon monoxide reacts with hydrogen gas to produce methane gas and water vapor. Write the Chemical Equilibrium Expression. Solve for the equilibrium constant if the equilibrium position is at [CO] = 0.01M [H2] = 0.05M, [CH4] = 1.5M and [H2O] = 0.03M Are R or P favored at Equilibrium?

Nitrogen Gas react with Hydrogen gas to form ammonia

If

the equilibrium position is [N2] =[H2] = 0.45M, and [NH3] = 0.002M, what is the value of the equilibrium constant?

Lastly: If K(eq) is a very small number, at equilibrium there are more reactants. If K(eq) is a very large number, at equilibrium there are more products. For any reaction, K(eq) remains constant ONLY if temperature remains constant.