Answers to questions on page 9.

Purple-eyed fruit flies were mated to heterozygous red-eyed flies. If red is dominant deduce what the genotype and phenotype of the offspring were. Let R = red, r = purple. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes G1 F1 genotype F1 phenotype R

red Rr r Rr red

purple rr r rr purple We are told the red parent is heterozygous. Half of the offspring have the genotype rr and therefore have purple eyes.

Half of the offspring have the genotype Rr and therefore have red eyes.
5

The ratio is 1 red-eyed : 1 purple-

A mouse with grey fur was mated with a mouse with white fur. The grey mouse was heterozygous and the white mouse homozygous. Deduce which is the dominant allele if half the offspring had white fur. Since the white mouse was homozygous all of the offspring would have a white allele. If white was dominant then all the offspring would be white, but we are told that only half are. This means that grey must be the dominant allele. Let G = grey, g = white. We are told the white mouse is homozygous but it has to be since Parent phenotypes grey white the white allele is recessive. Parent genotypes Gg gg Gametes G1 F1 genotypes F1 phenotypes G g Gg grey g gg white We are told that the grey mouse is heterozygous. Half of the offspring have the genotype gg and therefore are white.

Half of the offspring have the genotype Gg and therefore are grey.

The ratio is 1 grey : 1 white.

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A Quoll with blue eyes met a Quoll with green eyes and soon they had several baby Quolls. Blue is recessive to green. Some of the babies had blue eyes and some had green eyes. Deduce the proportion of each. Since blue is the recessive allele let G = green, g = blue. Some of the F1 had blue eyes and therefore must have had the genotype gg. This means that the greeneyed parent must have been heterozygous in order for it to give a g allele. Parent phenotypes Parent genotypes Gametes G1 F1 genotypes F1 phenotypes G green Gg g Gg green blue gg g gg blue Half of the offspring have the genotype gg and therefore are blue-eyed.

The green-eyed Quoll is heterozygous.

Half of the offspring have the genotype Gg and therefore are green-eyed.

The ratio is 1 green : 1 blue.

Try these questions.

7

Long wing in fruit flies is dominant to short wing. Homozygous long-winged flies were crossed with short-winged flies. The F1 were allowed to mate amongst themselves and then the F2 counted. There were 1149 long-winged flies and 379 short-winged flies. What was the genotype and phenotype of the F1 flies and explain the numbers in the F2.

Answer on page 14.

The Under Dog normally has very short legs but there is also a recessive mutation that has long legs. A Dog homozygous for short legs was crossed with one with long legs. The F1 puppies were crossed with Dogs that were heterozygous for short legs. Predict the outcome of these F1 crosses.

Answer on page 15.

Being aggressive is the dominant characteristic of the Belliger Ant and gentle is the recessive. Two aggressive ants were crossed and in the F1 there were three times more aggressive ants than gentle ants. Explain this.

Answer on page 15.