2012

2012

27:
f : R R , :
f (x)

et + nt dt = ef (x) x + n(x 2 + 1) , x R
t

) f (x) > 0 , x R

) f (x ) = e x x 2 + 1 , x R
) x 0 ( 0,1 ) , f ( x0 ) = 3
) h: R R :

h ( f (x) + x 3 ) = f ( h(x) ) + h(x) 3 , x R

, h y = x
.
) ( 0 , 1) , f () = 2e 1

) e t + lnt ( 0,+) , .
t

1 f (x) ( ) R . 1( 0, +) ,
f (x)

e t + nt dt f (x) ( 0 , + )
t

f (x) > 0 , x R
) x R :
f (x)

e t + nt dt = ef (x) x + n (x 2 + 1)
t

27-39

70


f (x)

2012

t1 t
f (x)
2
e + e nt dt = e x + n (x + 1)
t

f (x)

(e

n t )d t = e f (x) x + n ( x 2 + 1)

f (x )

e t n t
1

f (x)

= e f (x ) x + n ( x 2 + 1)

nf (x) = e

f (x)

x + n ( x 2 + 1)

e f (x) 0

nf (x) = x + n (x 2 + 1) nf (x) = ne x + n (x 2 + 1)
nf (x) = n e x (x 2 + 1) f (x) = e x (x 2 + 1) , x R

) 1 :
g(x) = f (x) 3 , x [ 0 , 1]

g [ 0 , 1] , .

g ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) 3 = 1 3 = 2 < 0

g (1) = f (1) 3 = 2e 3 > 0

g (0)g (1) < 0

g Bolzano [ 0 , 1] ,
x 0 (0 , 1) , :
g (x 0 ) = 0 f (x 0 ) = 3
f R , ,
:

f (x) = e x (x 2 + 1) = e x (x 2 + 1) + 2xe x = e x x 2 + 1 + 2x = e x ( x + 1)

:
f R, .

f (x) > 0 , ( , 1) ( 1 , + )

f R, x 0 .
2 :
f [ 0 , 1]
, f (0) = 1 2e = f (1)
f (0 ) = 1 < 3 < 2e = f (1) , , , x 0 (0,1) , f (x 0 ) = 3
f R , ,
:

f (x) = e x (x 2 + 1) = e x (x 2 + 1) + 2xe x = e x x 2 + 1 + 2x = e x ( x + 1)

27-39

71

2012

:
f R, .

f (x) > 0 , ( , 1) ( 1 , + )

f R, x 0 .
) x R :

h ( f (x) + x 3 ) = f ( h (x) ) + h (x) 3

x = x 0 :
f ( x 0 )= 3

h (f ( x 0 ) + x 0 3 ) = f (h ( x 0 ) ) + h ( x 0 ) 3

h ( 3 + x 0 3) = f ( h(x 0 ) ) + h(x 0 ) 3 h(x 0 ) = f ( h(x 0 ) ) + h(x 0 ) 3

f : 11

f ( x 0 ) =3

f ( h(x 0 ) ) = 3 f ( h(x 0 ) ) = f (x 0 ) h(x 0 ) = x 0

h y = x
.
) f ... [ 0 , 1] ,

R , f (x) = e x ( x + 1)

(0 , 1) , :

f () =

f (1) f (0)
e1 (12 + 1) e0 (02 + 1)
f () =
f () = 2e 1
1 0
1 0

28:
x

f : R R , f (x) =

e t + et
dt
et + 1
2

) f R f (x) = 1 + ex , x R
) f , .
) h(x) =
1

i)

x3

1 f (t)dt ,
1

0 h(x)dx+ 0

x R , :

x f (x)dx = 0

ii) x0 ( 0 , 1) , f (x 0 ) =

h(x 0 )
3

x0

e t + et
) t
R , .
e +1
x x ( ) R
x

f (x) =

27-39

e t + et
dt R
e t +1
72

2012

x R :
x

f (x) =

t2

(x ) =

e t + et
dt =
e t +1
et + e
dt
et +1

e t + et
dt +
e t +1

x
x

e t + et
dt =
e t +1

t2

et + e
dt
et +1

t2

et + e
d t R ,
et + 1

t2

e +e

. ( x) =
et + 1

et + et
dt
et + 1

R , .

x R :

f ( x ) =

e t + et

d
t

et +1

x2

x2

e t + et
=
d
t

et +1

x2

e +e
e +e
e +e

+
( x)=
x
x
e +1
e +1
ex + 1
2

ex + ex
1 + exex
=
+
ex + 1
1 + ex
2

1
ex

+ ex

ex

+1

ex + ex + 1 + exex
=
ex + 1

2
e x (1 + e x ) + (1 + e x )
(1 + e x )(e x + 1)
=
=
= 1 + ex , x R
x
x
e +1
e +1

) x R :

f (x) = (1 + e x )= e x ( x 2 )= 2xe x
2

f (x) = 0 x = 0
f (x) > 0 x ( 0 , + )
f (x) < 0 x ( , 0 )

f (x) f
.

f (x)
f (x)

..

27-39

73

2012

:
f ( , 0 ]
f ( , 0]

<

f
(x)
0
,
0
(
)

f

f (x ) > 0

[0 , + )
(0 , + )

f [ 0 , + )

f (0) = 0 xo = 0 f ,
( 0, f (0)) , (0 , 0) f

) i) :
x

w(x) = f (t) dt , x R
1

h (x) =

x3

1 f (t)dt = w (x

) , xR

(1)

w R , f ,
:
x

(2)
w(x) = f (t) dt = f (x) , x R
1

h R , ,
:
(1)

(2)

h(x) = w (x 3 ) = w (x 3 ) (x 3 ) = 3x 2 f (x 3 ) , x R

:
1

0 h (x)dx = 0 (x)h(x)dx = [ x h (x)] 0 xh(x)dx =

1
0

h (1 ) = 0

= h(1) x 3x 2 f (x 3 )dx = x 3x 2 f (x 3 )dx

0

:
u = x 3 x = 3 u , u 0 du = 3x 2 dx
x = 0 u = 0 x = 1 u = 1
:
1

2
3
3
3
h (x)dx = x 3x f (x )dx = u f (u)du = x f (x)dx

:
1

3
h (x)dx = x f (x)dx

:
1

0 h (x)dx + 0
27-39

x f (x)dx = 0

74

(3)

2012

ii) :
x

g(x) = h (t)dt + 3 t f (t)dt , x [ 0 ,1]

x

0 h (t) dt

[ 0 , 1] ,

t f (t) dt [ 0 , 1] ,

t f (t) , g [ 0 , 1] ,

:
x

g (x) = h (t) dt +
0

= h (x) +

t f (t) dt =

x f (x) , x [ 0 , 1 ]

g (0) = 0

g(1) = h (x)dx + 3 x f (x) dx = 0

(3)

g(0) = g(1)
g Rolle

[ 0 , 1] ,

x 0 ( 0 , 1) , :

g(x 0 ) = 0 h (x 0 ) + 3 x 0 f (x 0 ) = 0 f (x 0 ) =
g ( 0 , 1 ) , :

( 3 x )f (x) + 3 x f (x) =

g (x) = h(x) +

= h (x) + ( x 3 ) f (x) +

x f (x) =

2
1 23
= 3x f (x ) + x f (x) + 3 x (1 + e x ) =
3
2
1
f (x) + 3 x (1 + e x )
= 3x 2 f (x 3 ) +
3
2
3 x

() :
2

f (x) = 1 + e x > 0 x R

f R
:
0

f (0) =

27-39

e t + et
dt = 0
e t +1

75

h(x 0 )
3 x
0

2012

:
f

x < 0 f (x) < f (0) f (x) < 0

f

x > 0 f (x) > f (0) f (x) > 0

x ( 0 ,1) :
f (x 3 ) > 0

f (x) > 0

g(x) > 0 x ( 0 ,1)

g ( 0 ,1) , x 0 ( 0,1)

29 :
f :R R ,
(1)

f (x y) = f (x) f (y) 1 , x , y R

f (x) + 1
=2
x

lim
x0

z i (f (x) + 1) 2x , x R z C

(2)
(3)

) z
) z 1 , z 2 z 1 z 2 = 2 ,
z 1 + z 2 = 2
) :
f R

i)

ii) f (x) = 2x 1 , x R
x

f (t)
t

dt , x R

) :
x

i)

lim

x +

f (t)
dt
et

ii) lim

f (t)
dt
et

f (t)
dt = 0 1 , 2 1 + 2 2 > 1
et

) x = y = 0 (1) :
f (0) = f (0) f (0) 1 f (0) = 1

27-39

76

(4)

2012

g(x) = z i (f (x) + 1) 2x , x R
x R :

z i ( f (x ) + 1 ) 2x

z i (f (x) + 1) 2x 0
g (x) 0 g (x) g (0)

g x o = 0
.
:

lim
x0

(4)
f (x) + 1
f (x) (1)
= 2 xlim
=
2

0
x
x

lim

f (x) f (0)
= 2 f (0) = 2
x0

x 0

(5)

f x o = 0 f (0) = 2 , g
(5)

x o = 0 g(0) = z i f (0) 2 0 = 2 z i 2

(6)

Fermat,
(6)

g(0) = 0 2 z i 2 = 0 z i = 1
z
( 0 , 1) = 1
) A B z1 z 2 , :
( AB) = z1 z 2 , ( AB) = 2 . A , B ,

= 1 , A , B .
z 1 + z 2 ,
,
AOB .
1 :
,
(OM) = (AB) z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2

z1 + z 2 = 2

2 :
,
, ,
z1 + z 2 = (OM) = 2() = 2 = 2 1 = 2

27-39

77

y
(z1 + z 2 )
C

A (z1 )

K(0,1)
B (z 2 )

2012

i) f R,
x o R . x o R, x R x xo x = xo h , x xo
h 0 :
f (x ) f (x o ) f (x o h ) f (x o ) (1)
=
=
x xo
xo h xo
f (x o ) f (h) 1 f (x o ) f (h) 1 f (h) +1
=
=
h
h
h

lim

x xo

f (x) f (x o )
f (h) +1 (2)
= lim
=2
h 0
x xo
h

f x o R f (xo ) = 2 .
f R f (x) = 2
ii) x R :
f (x) = 2 f (x) = (2x) , f (x) = 2x + c , x R
x = 0 :
(4)

f (0) = 2 0 + c c = 1

f (x) = 2x 1 , x R

:
x

f (t)
dt =
et

2t 1
dt =
et

(2t 1)e

dt =

(2t 1)(e

)dt =

= (2t 1)e + (2t 1)e dt = (2x 1)e (2 0 1)e0 + 2e t dt =

0
0

= (2x 1)e

1 2 e t (t)dt = (2x 1)e x 1 2 e t =

0

= (2x 1)e x 1 2(e x e0 ) = 2x e x + e x 1 2e x + 2 =

= 2x e x e x + 1 =
)

2x 1
e x 2x 1

+
1
=
ex
ex
ex

:
x

i)

lim

x +

f (t)
e x 2x 1
x
1

=
= lim 1 2 x x
dt
lim
t
x
x

e
e
e
e

= 1 ,

+
+

u = x
x
( x)
1
x
=
lim
=
lim
=
lim
e
= lim (eu ) = 0
(
)
x + e x
x + (e x ) x + e x
x +
u

u =x
1

lim 1 x = lim (1 e x ) = lim (1 e u ) = 1 0 = 1

x+
u
e x+

lim

27-39

78

ii) lim

2012

f (t)
e x 2x 1
dt
lim
=
= lim 1+ ( 2x 1) e x = + ,
t
x
x

x
e
e

lim ( 2x 1) = lim ( 2x ) = +

u =x

lim e x =

lim e u = +

u+

) F(x) =

f (t)

f (t)

F(x) =

et

f (t)

et

et

e x 2x 1
, x R
ex

()

dt =

R , F R ,

f (x) 2x 1
dt = x =

e
ex

2x 1

1
e
2
2x 1
1
>0 x>
F(x) > 0
x
e
2

F(x) = 0

=0 x=

F(x) F
.
x

F (x)

F (x)
0

x = 0 F(0) =

1
2

f (t)
1

dt = 0 , F(x) = 0 1 = ,
t
2
e

1 = 0 , , F 1
:

1
F =
2

1
e2

2
1
e2

1
1
2
=
x

lim F(x) = lim

x +

x +

e 2
e

< 0 , e < 4 e < 2

(),(i)
f (t)
= 1
dt
et

F 2 = , + ,
2

1

F ( 2 ) = F , lim F(x) =
2 x +

27-39

e 2
e

, 1

79

2012

, + 2 ,
2

0 F ( 2 ) , F(x) = 0 2 =

, F 2
e 2
1
1
0 , 2 > 2 2 >1 , 1 + 2 2 = 0 + 2 2 = 2 2 > 1
F =
2
e
2
x

f (t)
dt = 0 1 , 2 1 + 2 2 > 1
et

30 :
f : (0 , + ) R , :
f (x + h) f (x h)
1 lnx
= 4
+ , x>0
h0
2h
x2

(1)

lim

z :

z3

+ z+3

= 2 (8 + z 2 9 )

(2)

) z
) f .
) f (4 x) + f(x) 2f(2) , x > 0

1 f (x)dx > 2f (2)

) f (1) = 0 f(1) = 1 , f (x) = 2ln 2 x + x 2 2x , x > 0

) :
2

z 3 + z +3

( z3 z+3 )

= 2 8 + z 2 9

) z 3

2 z 3 z + 3 + z + 3 = 16

= 16 z 3 z + 3 = 4 ( )

z
( 3 , 0 ) , ( 3 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 0 )
C :

x 2 y2

=1
4
5

) () z = 2 z

C , = 2
:
lim
h0

f (x + h ) f (x ) ( f (x h ) f (x ) )
f (x + h ) f (x h )
= lim
h0
2h
2h

1
f (x + h) f (x) f (x h) f (x) 1
lim
+
= ( f (x) + f (x) ) = f (x) ,
h0
2
h
h

27-39

80

2012

f (x h) f (x) h =
f (x + ) f ()
= lim
= f (x)
0
h

f .
(1) :
1 ln x
2 2 ln x + x 2
f (x) = 4
+
2

f
(x)
=
2

, x>0
x2
x2
g(x) = 2 2 ln x + x 2 , x > 0 .
lim
h0

g (0 , + ) g(x) =
:

x>0

g (x) = 0 x 2 1 = 0 x = 1

2
2( x 2 1)
, x>0
+ 2x =
x
x
x >0

x >0

g(x) > 0 x 2 1 > 0 x > 1

g (x) g
.
x

g (x)

g (x)

g
g

( 0 , 1]
[1, + )

g x 0 = 1 g (1) = 3

g(x) 3 , x > 0 .
g(x)
f (x) = 2 2 > 0 , x > 0 , f .
x

) 1 : ( )
h(x) = f (4 x) + f (x), x > 0
h h(x) = f (4 x) + f (x), x > 0
:
f 11

h (x) = 0 f (4 x) + f (x) = 0 f (4 x) = f (x) 4 x = x x = 2

h (x) > 0 f (4 x) + f (x) > 0 f (4 x) < f (x) 4 x < x x > 2

h (x) h
.
x

h (x)

h (x)

2f (2)

27-39

81

2012

h ( 0 , 2 ]
h

[2 , + )

h x = 2 , h (2 ) = 2 f ( 2 )

x > 0 h (x ) 2f (2) f (4 x ) + f (x ) 2f (2)

(3)

2 ( Jensen)

:
x = 2

[ 4 x , 2] [ 2 , x]
[ x , 2] [ 2 , 4 x]

x > 2 f
0 < x < 2 f

f f , .

(x ) = f (4 x ) + f (x ) 2f (2), x > 0

[1 , 3] (x) 0 ,
x [1 , 3] x = 2 , (3) ,
3

()

( f (4 x) + f (x) 2f (2) ) dx > 0 f (4 x)dx + f (x)dx 2f (2) dx > 0

1

2 f (x)dx > 2f (2) dx f (x)dx > f (2) (3 1) f (x)dx > 2f (2)

() :
3

f (4 x) dx = f (x)dx
, 4 x = t , dt = (4 x) dx = dx
x = 1 t = 3 x = 3 t = 1 , :
3

f (4 x)dx = f (t)dt = f (t)dt = f (x)dx

) x (0 , + ) :

f (x) = 4

1 ln x
(lnx)x (x)lnx
+ 2 (f (x)) = 4
+ (2x)
2
x
x2

(f (x)) = 4 lnx + (2x) (f (x)) = 4 lnx + 2x

x

f (x) = 4

lnx
+ 2x + c , c R , x > 0
x

x = 1 f (1) = 2 + c c = 2 , f (1) = 0
f (x) = 4

lnx
+ 2x 2 , x > 0
x

27-39

82

2012

x (0 , + ) :
f (x) = 4

lnx
+ 2x 2 f (x) = 4 ln x (ln x) + ( x 2 2x )
x

f (x) = (2 ln 2 x + x 2 2x) f (x) = 2 ln 2 x + x 2 2x + c , c R, x > 0

x = 1 f (1) = 1 + c c = 0 , f (1) = 1
f ( x ) = 2ln 2 x + x 2 2x , x > 0

31 :
z z 1 , f : ( 0 , + ) R ,
:

x e x f (e x ) = 2x 2 + ( z + 1) x , xR

(1)

f (1) = 1

(2)

ln x z + 1 lnx 1 , 0 < x < 1

) f (x) = 2
ln x + z + 1 lnx 1 , x 1
2

) f .
) N 1 , 2 (0 , + ) , :
1 2 = 1

=e

z +1

) f , g , g(x) = ln2x 1 , x > 0 x = e x = e2 . = e2

z ,
.

) x R :

x ex f (ex ) = 2x 2 + (z + 1) x x ex f (ex ) = 2x 2 + z + 1 x
x
x
x
e f (e ) = 2x z + 1 , x < 0
x
e f (e ) = 2x + z + 1
x
x
e f (e ) = 2x + z + 1 , x > 0
x

x ( , 0) :

ex f (e x ) = 2x z + 1 (f (e x )) = (x 2 z + 1 x)
f (e x ) = x 2 z + 1 x + c 1 ,

x<0

e x = u > 0 , x = lnu
x < 0 e x < e 0 = 1 , 0 < u < 1, :

f (u) = ln 2 u z + 1 lnu + c 1 ,
27-39

0 < u <1

83

2012

x (0 , + ) :

ex f (e x ) = 2x + z + 1 (f (e x )) = (x 2 + z + 1 x)
f (e x ) = x 2 + z + 1 x + c 2 ,

x>0

e x = u > 0 , x = lnu
x > 0 e x > e 0 = 1 , u > 1 , :

f (u) = ln 2 u + z + 1 lnu + c 2 ,

u >1

ln 2 u z + 1 lnu + c 1 , 0 < u < 1

f (u) = 2
ln u + z + 1 lnu + c 2 , u > 1

(u) = limf
(u) = f (1) , c 1 = c 2 = 1
f 1 , limf

+
u 1

u 1

ln 2 u z + 1 lnu 1 , 0 < u < 1

f (u) = 2
ln u + z + 1 lnu 1 , u 1

ln 2 x z + 1 lnx 1 , 0 < x < 1

f (x) = 2
ln x + z + 1 lnx 1 , x 1

1
1 2lnx z + 1
) f (0 ,1) f (x) = 2lnx z + 1 =
x
x
x
f (1, + )

1
1 2lnx + z + 1
f (x) = 2lnx + z + 1 =
x
x
x
f (0 ,1) (1 , + ) , :
2 ln x z + 1

x
f (x ) =
2 ln x + z + 1

x (0 , 1 )

x (1 , + )

2lnx z + 1
<0
x
2lnx + z + 1
>0
x (1, + ) lnx > 0, f (x) =
x
f (x) f
.
x (0 ,1) ln x < 0 , f (x) =

f (x)

//

f (x)

27-39

84

2012

f ( 0 , 1]
, f ( 0 , 1]

f (x) < 0 ( 0 , 1)

f [1 , + )
, f [1 , + )

f (x) > 0 (1 , + )

f x 0 = 1 f (1) = 1

lim f (x) = lim+ ( ln 2 x z + 1 lnx 1) = + ,

x 0+

x 0

lim+ lnx = , lim+ ( ln 2 x) = + lim+ ( z + 1 lnx ) = + , z + 1 > 0

x 0

x 0

x 0

lim f (x) = lim (ln 2 x + z + 1 lnx 1) = + ,

x +

x +

lim lnx = + , lim ( ln 2 x) = + lim ( z + 1 lnx ) = + , z + 1 > 0

x +

x +

x +

f 1 = ( 0 , 1] , :

f ( 1 ) = f (1) , lim f (x) = [ 1 , + )

x 0+

f 2 = [1, + ) , :

f ( 2) = f (1) , lim f (x) = [ 1 , + )

x +

f :

f ( ) = f ( 1 ) f ( 2) = [ 1 , + )
) 0 f ( 1 ) , f (x) = 0 (0 , 1) , ( 1, f (1) = 1)
1
1

, f 1 = ( 0 , 1]

0 f ( 2 ), f (x) = 0 (1, + ) , ( 1, f (1) = 1)

2
2

, f 2 = [1, + )

1 , 2 (0 , + ) , 1 2
, f ( 1 ) = 0 f ( 2 ) = 0

ln 2 1 z + 1 ln 1 1 = 0 , (0 , 1)
1
ln 2 2 + z + 1 ln 2 1 = 0 , (1, + )
2
:

27-39

85

2012

ln 2 1 ln 2 2 z + 1 ln 1 z + 1 ln 2 = 0

(ln 1 ln 2 ) (ln 1 + ln 2 ) z + 1 (ln 1 + ln 2 ) = 0

(ln 1 + ln 2 ) (ln 1 ln 2 z + 1 ) = 0

ln 1 + ln 2 = 0
ln ( 1 2 ) = 0

ln ln z + 1 = 0

1
2

ln 1 = z + 1
2

1 2 = 1

1 = e z +1
2

) x e , e 2 :
f (x) g(x) = ln 2 x + z + 1 lnx 1 ln 2 x + 1 = z + 1 lnx > 0

f g e , e 2 ( 0 , + ) ,
Cf , Cg f , g
x = e x = e 2 :
e2

E=

(f (x) g(x)) dx
e

E = e , :
e2

e2 =

( z + 1 ln x ) dx e

e2

= z +1

e2
2
e = z + 1 [ xlnx ] e

2
e = z + 1 2e2 e

e2

e2

ln x dx e

e2

= z +1

x (lnx )dx e2 = z + 1

(x)ln x dx
e

e2 ln e2 eln e

e2

1
x dx
x

1dx e2 = z + 1 2e2 e (e2 e) e2 = z + 1 e2 z + 1 = 1

z
( 1 , 0) = 1

32 :
z :
z + 3 i > 3z + 1 i
2
2

(1)

) z
) :
27-39

86

2012

lim ( | z | x +2012 1 x )

x+

) f , R
z1 , z 2 , (1), ,
, 0, :
| 3z 1 + 7z 2 |
2f
< f (1 - ) + f (1 + )
5

) z (1). :
z + 3 i > 3z + 1 i
2
2

| 2z + 3i | > | 6z + i |
| 2z + 3i | 2 > | 6z + i | 2

( 2z + 3i)(2z 3i) > (6z + i)(6z i)

4zz 6zi + 6 z i + 9 > 36zz 6zi + 6 z i + 1
1
1
1
|z|2 < |z|<
4
4
2

1
( 0 , 0 ) =
2
32 zz < 8 zz <

) |z|<

1
x > 0 :
2

0 < | z | + ( 2012 )
x

1 x

1
< + (2012) 1 x
2

(2)

:
x

x
2012
1 x
1
lim = 0 lim ( 2012 ) = lim
= 0 , lim ( 2012 ) = +
x
x +
x + 2
x +
x +
( 2012 )

1 x

lim + (2012) 1 x = 0
x + 2

lim 0 = 0
x +

(3)

(4)

(2) , (3) (4) :

lim | z | x + ( 2012 )

x +

) :

27-39

87

1 x

=0

2012

| 3z1 + 7z 2 |
3 | z1 | + 7 | z 2 |

<
5
5

1
1
+ 7
2
2 =1
5

f :
| 3z + 7z 2 |
| 3z1 + 7z 2 |
f 1
< f (1) 2f
< 2f (1)
5
5

, 0 , :
2f (1) f (1 ) + f (1 + )
:
= 0 .
> 0 ... f
[1 , 1] [1, 1+ ] 1 (1 , 1) 2 (1 , 1 + ) ,
:
f (1 ) =

f (1) f (1 ) f (1) f (1 )
=
1 (1 )

f (1 + ) f (1) f (1 + ) f (1)
=
1+ 1

f , f , :
f ( 2 ) =

1 < 1 < 1 < 2 < 1 + 1 < 2 < f (1 ) < f ( 2 )

f (1) f (1 )
f (1 + ) f (1)
<

f (1) f (1 ) < f (1 + ) f (1)

2f (1) < f (1 ) + f (1 + )

2f (1) f (1 ) + f (1 + )
, 0, :
| 3z1 + 7z 2 |
2f
< f (1 ) + f (1 + )
5

33 :
f : ( 0 , + ) R , :
f (x y ) = f (x ) f (y )

x2 + y 2
x , y (0 , + )
xy ,

lim f (x) = +

x +

) f (x) 0 , x (0 , + )
) f (1)
) f (x) = x + 1x , x (0 , + )

27-39

88

(1)

2012
x2

) lim 1x f ( x )
x +

) x x + x = x 1 (0 , + )
x

1
1

dt +
dt = 1 , x ,
)
2
t f (t)
1
6 3
1 f
1
e
e
t
) g R > 0 ,

g ( f (x) )

lnx
dx
x

) , f () = 0 (2)
x = y = 1 (1) :
2 + 1 (2) 2
+ 1 = 0 2 = 1
f () = 0

. f (x) 0 , x (0 , + )
) x = y = 1 (1) :
f (1) = f 2 (1) 2 f 2 (1) f (1) 2 = 0 f (1) = 2 f (1) = 1

lim f (x) = + x 0 ,
x+

M > 0 f (x) > M x > x 0 . f

x, . f ,
x, , f (x) > 0 , x (0 , + ) ,

f (1) = 2
) x (0 , + ) y = 1 (1) :
f (x) = 2f (x)

x2 +1
x2 +1
1
f (x) =
f (x) = x +
x
x
x

) :
1

lim
f (x)
x + x

x2

1
1
= lim x +
x + x
x

x2

= lim 1 + 2
x +
x

ln 1 + 2 0
0

lim x 2 ln 1 + 2 = lim x = lim

x +
x +
x +
1
x

+0

x2

27-39

89

x2

= lim e

x 2 ln 1 +

x +

1
1 2
1+ 2 x

1
2
x

=1

x2

= e 1 = e ,

2012

) (0 , + ) :

1
1

x x + = x 1 x + = 1 x + = 1 f (x) = 1
x
x
x
x
x
x

(3)

x (0 , + ) :
x >0
1
2 x 2 + 1 2 x x 2 2 x + 1 0 (x 1 ) 2 0
x
1
x (0 , + ) f (x) = x + 2 x =1 ,
x
f x =1 , f (1) = 2

x+

x (0 , + ) 1

2
x

x+ =2
f (x) = 2

x =1
(3)

1 x = 2
= 1
x

)
x

h (x) =

1
e

1
dt +
1
f
t

1
e

dt , x ,
3
t f (t)
6
2

,
3
6

h (x) = 1 x

, :

h(x) =

1
1
(x)+
(x) =
2
1
x f (x)
f

x
1
1
1
1

+
2 =
2
2
1 x
x f (x) x
f

x
1
1
+ x
x
x
1 + x
2

= x

(1 + 2 x)

(1 + 2 x)

1
(1 + 2 x) =

1
2 x
+ x
x

x
(1 + 2 x) =
2
x (1 + x )
2

1
= x x = 0
x

h ,
3
6
:

27-39

90

h =
4

1
1
t+
t

1
e

1
e

2012

dt +

1
1

t t+
t

dt =

1
e

1
+
2
dt =
2
t ( t + 1)
t +1

1
e

1
e

t
dt +
2
t +1

t2 + 1
dt =
t ( t 2 + 1)

1
e

1
e

1
2

t ( t + 1)

dt =

1
1
d t = ln t 1 =
t
e

1
= ln1 ln = ln1 ( ln1 ln e ) = ln e = 1
e

h (x) = 1 x ,
3
6

) :

lnx
= g ( f (x) )
dx =
x
1

1 lnx

gx +
dx
x x

1
1
1
, x =
d x = 2 du
u
x
u
1
1
x = u = x = u =

u=

1
1

g x + lnx dx =
x
x

1
1
1
g + u ln u 2 du =
u
u
u

1
g + u ( ln u) du =
u

1
ln u
g + u
du =
u
u

1
lnu
g + u
du = I
u
u

= I , 2 = 0 , = 0
34 :
f : ( 0 , + ) R , :
f (x)lnf (x) + 2xf (x) = 0 , x ( 0 , + )

(1)

f (x) > 0 , x ( 0 , + )

(2)

27-39

91

2012

f (1) = e

(3)

) f (x) = e

, x (0 , + )

) f f 1
) f ,
2e

1 1
x

3x
e2

) =

f 1 (x) 1

2
dx
lnx

) e + e > 2 e
5

) x ( 0 , + ) :

f (x) ln f (x) + 2x f (x) = 0

1
2 x

(
:

ln f (x) +

f (x)
=0
f (x)

x lnf (x) = 0 x lnf (x) = c

f (1) = e , c = 1

:
x ln f (x) = 1 ln f (x) =

1
f (x) = e
x

1
x

, x (0 , + )

) x1 , x 2 (0 , + ) f (x1 ) = f (x 2 ) , :

1
x1

=e

1
x2

1
1
=
x1 = x 2 x1 = x 2
x2
x1

f 1 1 , .
f, f (x) = y
:
1
x = lny
1
1

e x = y

x =
lny
y>0

x > 0
lny > 0
y>1

: (1, + ) R f

(x) =

1
ln 2 x

) f ( 0 , + ) , :

27-39

92

x.

1
1

1
x=
f (y) =
2
ln y
ln 2 y

y >1
y >1

f (x) = e

1
x

=e
x

2012
1
x

( x )2

=e

1
x

1
x

1 1
e

=
<0
x 2 x
2x x

f ( 0 , + )
f ( 0 , + ) , :
1

e x
2x x 3 x e
2x
x
f (x) =
4x 3

1
x

3 x +1
=
e
4x 3

1
x

>0

f ( 0 , + )
() f x o = 1 , :
( ) : y f (1 ) = f (1 )( x 1 )

:
f (1) = e

f (1) =

e
2

:
e
e
3e
( ) : y e = (x 1) () : y = x +
2
2
2
, , ,
f. :
1
e
3e
e
3e
f (x) x +
e x x+

2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
x+3
x
e

2e x
3 x
2

) f 1 (x) =

1
, :
ln 2 x
e2

(x ) 1

e2

I 1 =

2
ln x

dx =

e2

ln
e

e2

dx

ln
e

dx

ln x dx ,
2

e2

e2

1
x
I 1 = x 2 dx = 2
ln x
ln x e

e2

e2

1 2
e2
2
x 3 dx = e +
dx
4
ln x x
ln 3 x

e
e
e2
2
2
e2
I=
e + 3 dx 3 dx =
e
4
4
e ln x
e ln x

) [ 1 , 25 ]

[ 25 , 49 ] ,
1 (1 , 25) 2 ( 25 , 49 ) , :
f ( 1 ) =

f ( 25) f (1)
24

27-39

93

f ( 2 ) =

f ( 49) f ( 25)
24

2012

f ,

f ( 1 ) < f ( 2 ) f ( 25) f (1) < f ( 49) f ( 25)

1

2f ( 25) < f (1) + f ( 49) 2e 5 < e + e 7 e + 7 e > 2 5 e

35 :
f : R R , :
f ( x)f (x) = x , x R

(1)

f (0) = 1

(2)

g(x) =

f ( x)
f (x)

, xR

) f (0) = 0
) f R , .
) g .
2

) f (x) = x + 1 , x R
x

) h(x) = f(t) dt
1

) C h
x = 0 , x = 1 xx

) x = 0 (1) :
( 2)

f (0) f (0) = 0 f (0) 1= 0 f (0) = 0

) x 0 R , f (x0) = 0

(3)

x = x 0 (1) :
(3)

f ( x 0 ) f (x 0 ) = x 0 f ( x 0 ) 0 = x 0 x 0 = 0
f (0) = 0 , , f (0) = 1
x R f (x) 0
f R ,
R , f (0) = 1 > 0 , f (x) > 0 x R

) g R , :
f ( x) f (x) f (x) f ( x)
, xR
f 2 (x)
(1) , x x :
g(x) =

27-39

94

(4)

2012

f (x) f ( x) = x , x R

(5)

(4) (1) (5) :

( x) x
=0 , xR
f 2 (x)

g(x) =

g R , g (x) = c , x R
x = 0 :

g (0) = c
:

f (0)
= c c =1
f (0)

g (x) = 1 , x R

) x R :
g (x) = 1

f ( x)
= 1 f ( x) = f (x)
f (x)

(6)

(5) (6) x R :

f (x)f (x) = x

( 21 f (x)) = ( 21 x ) f (x) = x + c
2

f (x) > 0 f (x) = x 2 + c x R

x = 0 :

f (0) = 0 + c 1 = c c = 1
f :

f (x) = x 2 + 1 , x R
) h , f h(x) = f(x) > 0 ,
x R , h R.
:
1

h(1) = f (t)dt = 0

(8)

1 h(x) = 0 ,
h
1 1 R
:
h

x ( , 1) h ( x ) < h (1) h ( x ) < 0

x (1 , + ) h ( x ) > h (1) h ( x ) > 0

) h h ( x ) < 0 x [ 0 , 1] ,
C h x = 0 , x = 1 xx , :

27-39

95

2012
1

E = h(x)dx = x h (x)dx = [ x h (x) ] 0 +

0

x h(x) dx =
0

(8) 1

= h (1) + x f (x) dx =
0

x f (x) dx = x

x 2 + 1 dx

:
x 2 +1 = u , 2xdx = du

x = 0 u = 1 x = 1 u = 2
:
E=

1
2

2x

x 2 + 1 dx =

1
2

3
1 u2
u du =
3
2
2

2 2 1

=
3

36 :
lnx

G(x) =

et
dt , x > 0
et + x

) G
2x
) G(x) = ln
, x > 0 , :
1+ x
i) G .
ii) G , x
iii) ()
G , xx x = , 0 < < 1
iv) lim+ E() = ln2
0

v)

1
xe
, x > e
dt >
G(t)
G(x)

) 1 :
:

e t + x = u , e t dt = du
t = 0 u = x + 1 t = lnx u = 2x
x ( 0 , + ) :
lnx

G(x) =

et
dt =
et + x

2x

x +1

1
2x
2x
du = [ lnu ] x+1 = ln(2x) ln(x + 1) = ln
u
x+1

2 :
lnx

G (x) =

et
dt =
et + x

27-39

lnx

(e t + x)
dt =
et + x

96

lnx

ln (e t + x) d t =

(1)

= ln(e t + x)

2012
ln x
0

= ln(e ln x + x) ln(e 0 + x) =

= ln (2x) ln (x + 1) = ln

2x
, x>0
x +1

) i) H G ( 0 , + ) :

1 2x x + 1 2(x + 1) 2x
1

=
>0
(2)
2
2x x + 1
2x
(x + 1)
x(x + 1)
x +1
G (0, + )
G(x) =

ii) :
0

G(1) =

et
dt = 0
et + x

1 G(x) = 0 ,
G , 1 1 (0, + )
:
G

0 < x < 1 G ( x ) < G (1) G ( x ) < 0

x > 1 G ( x ) > G (1) G ( x ) > 0

x = 1 G ( x ) = G (1) G ( x ) = 0

iii) G G ( x ) < 0 x [ , 1] [ 0 , 1] ,
C G , xx x = ,

0 < < 1 :
1

(1) , (2)

E = G(x)dx = G(x)dx = x G(x)dx = [ x G(x) ] x G(x)dx =

2x

= x ln
x + 1

= ln

iv) :

1
2
x
dx = ln

x(x + 1)
+1

1
dx =
x +1

2
2
ln x + 1 1 = ln
ln ( + 1) + ln 2 , 0 < < 1
+1
+1

lim E( ) = lim+ [ ln2 ln( + 1) ln( + 1) + ln2 ] =

0+

= lim+ [ ln2 ( + 1)ln( + 1) + ln2 ] = ln 2

0

0 ( )

lim+ ( ln2) =

lim+

ln2
=
1 D.L.H

lim+
= lim+ ( ) = 0
1
0
0
2

lim [ ( + 1)ln( + 1)] = 0

0+

27-39

97

2012

v) e < t x 0 < G(t) G(x)

x

1
1

dt > 0
G(t) G(x)

(3) ,

1
1
1
1

0 ,
G(t) G(x)
G(t) G(x)

1
1

.
G(t) G(x)

(3) :
x

1
dt >
G(t)

1
dt
G(x)

1
1
dt >
(x e)
G(t)
G(x)

1
xe
dt >
, x >e
G(t)
G(x)

37 :
f : [ 0 , + ) R , :
f (x) > 0 x [ 0 , + )

(1)

f (0) = 1

(2)

C g
x

g (x) = f (t)dt , xx yy x = u , u > 0

0

1
(u) = u f (t)d t + f (u) (3) , :
2
0
2

) f (x) = e x , x 0
) :
x

i)

lim

g(t)dt
0

x 0+

N 1

x+1

ii) xlim
+

f (t)dt
x

) f
1
2

f (x)d x >
0

1
24 e

) (1) :
f (t) > 0 t [ 0 , x ] , x > 0

g (x) = f (t) dt > 0 x > 0

C g
x

g (x) = f (t) dt , xx yy x = u , u > 0 :

27-39

98


u x

(u) = f (t)dt dx
00

2012

(4)

(3) (4) :
u

u
x

1
f (t)dt dx = u f (t) dt + f (u)
2
00
0

(5)

(5) :
u

0 f (t) dt = 0 f (t) dt + u f (u) + 2 f (u)

u f (u) +

(1)
1
f (u) = 0 f (u) = 2u f (u)
2

(1)
f (u)
= 2u ( lnf (u) ) = ( u 2 ) lnf (u) = u 2 + c
f (u)

(6)

f (0) = 1 , c = 0
(6) :
2

lnf (u) = u 2 f (u) = e u , u > 0

(7)

(2) (7) :
2

f (x) = e x , x 0
) i) :
=1 , :
x

lim+

g(t)dt
0

=1

x 0

= lim+

0 g(t)dt

x 0

0 ()
0

lim+ g(x) = lim+ f (t)dt = 0

x 0

D.L.H

x 0

(*) g [ 0 , + ) , G(x) = g(t)dt

0

[ 0 , + ) , , lim+ G(x) = G(0) = 0

x 0

2 , :
x

lim+

x0

0 g ( t ) d t
x

0
0

0
0

g(x)
= lim+
D .L .H x 0
x 1

D .L .H

lim+

x0

g ( x )
=
( 1)x 2

e x
f (x)
e x
1
lim
lim
= lim+
=
=

x 0 ( 1)x 2
x 0+ ( 1)x 2
x 0+ ( 1) x 2

:
2

e x
1
lim+
=
x 0 ( 1)
( 1)

lim+

x 0

27-39

99

1
x

1 , = 2
=
+ , > 2

0 g(t)dt

lim

x 0+

2012

0 , = 1
1
, = 2
=
2

+ , > 2

ii) x > 0 :
et

x t x+1 x t (x+1) (x+1) t x e (x+1) e t e x

2

:
x +1

(x + 1 ) 2

x +1

dt

e (x+1) ( x +1 x )

x
x +1

t2

x +1

dt

ex d t

et dt ex ( x +1 x )
2

x +1

f (t) d t e

( x +1) 2

x2

lim

x +

= 0

(x +1)2

lim

x +

ex

=0
x +1

lim

x +

x f (t)dt = 0

) x > 0 :
f (x) = 2xe x

f (x) = 2e x + 4x 2 e x = 2e x (2x 2 1)
:
2

f (x) = 0 2e x (2x 2 1) = 0 x =
2

f (x) > 0 2e x (2x 2 1) > 0 x >

2
2
2
2

f (x) f
.

2
2

f (x)

f (x)

..

27-39

100

f (x) < 0

2
0 ,

2
0 ,

f (x) > 0

, +

2012

f 0 ,

f , +
2

, +

2
2
f
f ,
= 0 xo =
2
2
2 2
2 1
, f , , f
2
2
2 e

) () x > 0 f (x) = 2xe x < 0

1

f ( 0 , +) , 0 , ,
2

:
1 f
1
1
f (0 ) > f ( x ) > f f ( x ) f > 0
0<x<
2
2
2
:
1
2

1
2

1
2

1
1
f (x) f 2 dx > 0 f (x)dx > f 2 dx

0
0
0

1
2

f (x ) dx > e

0
2

1
2

f (x ) dx >

1
24 e

38 :
x2

f (x) =

x e

x t

dt , x R

) f (x) = 1 e x

+x

, xR

) f .
) f
) :
i) f (x) > 0 x ( , 0 ) (1 , + )
ii) f (x) 0 x [ 0 , 1 ]
) :

27-39

101

2012

f (x)

i) lim
( 2012x )
x +
x

x
ii) lim 2012 f (x) +

x
x
)
1
g(x) = ( 2x 1) f(x) , xx x = x = 1
2

) 1 :
x R :
x2

x2

f (x) = e dt = ext (x t)dt = ext

x

x t

= e x x ex x = e x

2 +x

x2
x

+1

2 :
x R :
x2

f (x) =

x e

xt

x2

dt =

x e

x2

x t

e dt = e

e dt = e

x2

e dt e dt

x2

0 e

R,

dt

0 e

dt

R. e x R, f
R :

f (x) = ( e )

=e

x2

x2

e dt e dt + e x

e t dt

x2

e t dt

t
=
e
dt
0

2
e t dt + e x e x ( x 2 ) e x =

= f (x) + e x 2xe x e x = f (x ) + 2xe x

2 +x

1 , x R

x R :

f (x) = f (x)+ 2xe x

2 +x

1 f (x) f (x) = 2xe x

f (x)e x f (x)e x = 2xe x

2 +x

e x e x
2

f (x) e x + (e x )f (x) = 2xe x e x

( f (x) e x ) = ( e x

+ e x

x R :
2

f (x) e x = e x + e x + c
27-39

(1)

102

2 +x

e x

2012
0

x = 0 f (0) = e0t dt = 0 (1) c = 0 ,

0

f (x) e

= e

x2

+e

ex

f (x) = e x

2 +x

+1 , x R

) x R R :

f (x) = e x

2 +x

( x 2 + x) = (2x 1)e x

2 +x

:
f (x) = 0 (2x 1)e x

2 +x

f (x) > 0 (2x 1)e x

2 +x

=0x=
>0x>

1
2

1
2

f (x) f
.
1
2

f (x)

1 4 e

f (x)

( , 12

1
1
, + . f x 0 = 2
2
1
1 + 1
1
f = e 4 2 +1 = e 4 +1 = 1 4 e
2

) f R, .
x (0 , + ) :

lim x 2 + x = lim x 2 =

x +

lim e

x +

x2 + x

x +

x2 + x =t

lim e t = 0

lim f (x) = lim e x

x +

x +

2 +x

+1 = 0 +1 = 1

(2)

y = 1 C f
f +
x ( , 0) :

27-39

103

2012

lim x 2 + x = lim x 2 =

lim e

x2 + x

x2 + x =t

lim e t = 0

lim f (x) = lim e x

2 +x

+1 = 0 +1 = 1

(3)

y = 1 C f
f

) x 2 + x .

x 2 + x

i) x ( , 0) (0 , + ) :

x 2 + x < 0 e x
e x

+x

+x

> 1 e x

< e0 e x
+x

+x

<1

+ 1 > 0 f (x) > 0

ii) x [ 0 , 1] :

x 2 + x 0 e x
e x

+x

+x

1 e x

e0 e x
+x

+x

+ 1 0 f (x) 0

) i) x (0 , + ) :
( 2012x )
( 2012x )
1
1
=

=
x
x
x
x
:

( 2012x )
1
1 ( 2012x ) 1

x
x
x
x
x
:
1
1
lim = lim = 0
x

+
x
x

x +

( 2012x )
=0
x +
x

lim
(2) lim f (x) = 1 , :
x +

( 2012x )
f (x)

( 2012x ) = lim f (x)

lim
= 1 0 = 0
x +
x
x
x +

ii) x ( , 0) :

27-39

104

2012

x
x
1
1
1
=

=
=
x
x
x
x
x
:

x
1
1
1 x
1
1 x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
:
lim

1
1
= lim = 0
x

x
x

x
=0
x x

lim
(3) lim f (x) = 1 , :
x

lim 2012 f (x) +

= 2012 1 + 0 = 2012
x

1
1
) g , 1 . x , 1 [ 0 , 1]
2

2
2x 1 0 f (x) 0 , g (x) = ( 2x 1) f (x) 0 .
x

C g g , xx
1
x = 1 , :
2

x =
1

E=

g ( x )dx =

1
2

( 2x 1 ) f ( x )dx =

1
2

(1 2x ) e

1
2

2+x

+ 1 dx =

1
2

x2 + x

x
(1 2x ) ( e

dx +

(1 2x )dx = ( e
1
2

1
2

x2 + x

) dx + ( x x ) dx =
2

1
2

1
1
1

1
5
5
2 1
x2 + x
4

= e
+ x x 1 = 1 e + 0 = e 4 = 4 e
1

4
4
4
2

39o :

f : , R , :
2 2
x

( f (x) + 1) x f (x)

1 + e du = 0 ,
u
u

f (0) + 1 = f (0) = f (0) = 0

x

(2)

u

du = x , x ,
u
1+e
2 2

27-39

105

x ,
2 2

(1)

2012

) f (x) = ln ( x ) , x ,
2 2

) f ,
2 2
+

) 2
, ,
2
2 2

) lim
x 0

f (x)
2 x

) x , :
2 2
x

u
du =
1 + eu

u
u
du
u du +
1+ e
1 + eu

(3)

:
0

1 =

u
du
1 + eu

u = t , d u = d t

u = x t = x u = 0 t = 0
:
0

1 =

( t)
e t t
e t t
e u u
( dt) = t
dt =
dt =
du
1 + e t
e (1 + e t )
1 + et
1 + eu

(4)

(3) (4) :
x

u
du =
1 + eu
x

(e u + 1 )u
1+ e

e u u u
e u u
u
+
=
+
du
du

du =
1 + eu
1 + eu
1 + eu
1 + eu

0
0

du =

u d u = [ u ] 0 = x 0 = x
x

(5)

) x , :
2 2
x

( f (x) + 1) x f (x)

(5)
u
du
0
=

( f (x) + 1) x f (x) x = 0
1 + eu

f (x)x f (x) x = x ( f (x)x ) = ( x )

27-39

106

2012

f (x)x = x + c1 , x ,
2 2

x = 0 :
(2)

f (0)0 = 0 + c1 0 1 = 0 + c1 c1 = 0

x , :
2 2

x
1
(x)
f (x) =
x
x

f (x) = ( ln ( x ) ) f (x) = ln ( x ) + c2 , x ,
2 2
x = 0 :
f (x)x = x f (x) =

(2)

f (0) = ln ( 0 ) + c2 0 = ln1 + c2 c2 = 0
:

f (x) = ln ( x ) , x ,
2 2

) x , :
2 2

1
x
(x) =
= x
x
x
1
f (x) = ( x) =
<0
2 x
f (x) = ( ln ( x ) ) =

f ,
2 2

) :
= , .
< , f .. ,
+
+

,
, , :

2
2

+
+
f
f ()
f

f ()
+
2
2

f ( 1 ) =
1 ,
, f ( 1 ) =
+

2
2
+
+
f ( ) f
f ( ) f

2 f ( ) =
2
2
, , f ( 2 ) =
2
+

2
2

f , , f
2 2

, :

27-39

107

2012

+
+
f
f ( ) f ( ) f

>0

2
2
< < 1 < 2 < < f (1) > f ( 2 )
>


2
2
2
2
f

+
+
+
f
f ( ) > f ( ) f
2f
> f ( )+ f ( )
2
2
2
+

2 +
2ln
> ln() + ln() ln
> ln()
2
2

+
>
2
> < , f ..
+
, ,
+ , ,

.
:
+

2
, , ,
2
2 2
2

) x 0 :
f (x)
lim 2
x 0 x

0
0

f (x) f (0)

f (x)
f (x) (2)
x
=
= lim

lim
=
x 0 2 x
x 0 2xx
x 0
x
2xx
( )

= lim

D.L.H

f ( x ) f ( 0 )

1
1
1
1
= lim

= f ( 0 )
= 1 =

x 0
x
x0
2 1 0
2
2

2
x

27-39

108