Situation

Examining a single population mean Examining a single population mean Examining the mean difference for two variables Comparing two population means

Conditions/Assumptions
X is normally distributed SRS known X is normally distributed SRS unknown differences are normally distributed SRS of pairs observations are dependent within pairs X1 and X2 are both normally distributed SRS from each population samples are independent Population standard deviations are equal (1 = 2) X1 and X2 are both normally distributed SRS from each population samples are independent Population standard deviations are unequal (1 2)

Test Statistic
z= x 0 n x 0 t= s n
t= xd sd n

Confidence Interval
x z* x t* n s n

Degrees of Freedom

n1 n1 (= # of pairs 1)

s xd t * d n

t=

x1 x2 1 1 s 2 + p n1 n2 x1 x2
2 s1

1 1 x1 x2 t * s 2 + p n1 n2

n1 + n2 2

Comparing two population means

t=

n1

2 s2

x1 ! x2 t *

n2

2 s12 s2 + n1 n2

2 ! s12 s2 $ # + & " n1 n2 % 2 2 2 1 ! s12 $ 1 ! s2 $ # & + # & n1 '1 " n1 % n2 '1 " n2 %

Comparing two or more population means

Xi is normally distributed for all I populations SRS from each population samples are independent Population standard deviations are equal (1 = 2 = I)

F=

MSG MSE

For one population mean i: sp xi t * ni For the difference between two population means i - j

Numerator d.f. I1 Denominator d.f. NI

xi x j t *

1 1 s 2 + p ni n j

where s p = MSE