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OMF000401 Case Analsyis-Handover ISSUE1.4
OMF000401 Case Analsyis-Handover ISSUE1.4
Course Contents
Measurement points of handover Searching process of handover data Analysis of handover problem Handover cases
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Channel_Activate T12++ Attempted incoming internal inter cell handoversT09++ Channel_Activate ACK Handover Command (Old FACCH) Handover Access (New FACCH)
T13++ Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers RF Channel Release Handover Performed
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Inter cell radio handover success rate >= Internal inter cell handover success rate
No channel available in the target cell Channel activation negative acknowledgement NACK CHAN ACK
Transmitting channel activation message failure Channel activation timeout MS access failure (It may be caused by radio interface.) Max resend time of physical information * radio link connected with the timer < time interval of EST IND ~ HO DETECT (120~180ms)
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Waiting until timeout after establish indication (MS has not received UA frame or has not sent handover complete message)
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Channel_Active Channel_Active_ACK
Handover Complete
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
IAI
HO-REQUEST-ACK
HO-Command
ACM
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
IAI
HO-REQUEST-ACK
HO-Command
ACM
Success rate
=(Successful incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers )
Success rate
=(Successful incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers)
Success rate
=(Successful outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers ) / (Attempted outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers)
Course Contents
Measurement points of handover Searching process of handover data Analysis of handover problem Handover cases
BCCH frequencies of all adjacent cells in BA2 table are sent to MS on system message 5. MS reports measurement report to BSS. It including the BCCH , BSIC and signal level of the adjacent cells and serving cells. When the measurement report is preprocessed, BSC determines the module ID, cell ID and CGI of all adjacent cells through BCCH frequency and BSIC in Adjacent Cell Relation Table and Cell Description Table (or External Cell Description Table). BSC executes handover judgement flow such as basic cell ranking (on LAPD board). Once a proper target cell is found, the handover request message which includes the target cell CGI will be sent to MPU of BSC host, and then MPU will confirm the module ID of the cell in Cell Module Information Table based on the CGI.
MPU sends handover request message to the module and makes statistics of "outgoing inter cell handover request".
If the target cell triggered by BSC is an external cell, the CGI of the target cell and service cell is sent to MSC on the handover required.
By matching the CGI of the target cell, MSC search target cell in LAI And GCI Table . Once the cell is found, MSC will confirm which BSC is belong to, and send the handover request message to this BSC.
If there is no CGI of the target cell in " LAI And GCI Table ", MSC will go to Adjacent MSC Table" and find the target MSC, then send the handover request message to that MSC.
Course Contents
Measurement points of handover Searching process of handover data Analysis of handover problem Handover cases
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Types
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Possible Results
No handover
# Cause call drop
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Handover failure
# Affect the conversation quality, and call drop.
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Frequent handover
# Affect the conversation quality and increase load of the system
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Measurement of BSC overall performance Measurement of inter cell handover performance Measurement performance of outgoing/incoming inter cell handover
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View alarm
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Coverage and interference at radio interface Antenna and feeder system Base station software or hardware Transmission BSC software, hardware, Data Configuration A interface target cell congestion Cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers
Coverage:
# Poor coverage: forest, complicated topography, building direction and indoor coverage # Isolated site: no adjacent cell # Over shooting: island effect result in no adjacent cell
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Non-adjacent cell
Adjacent cell N1
Service cell
Non-adjacent cell Adjacent Cell N2 Non-adjacent cell Isolated island resulting from over shooting Adjacent Cell N3
High voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) Antenna are not properly installed Antenna are not parallel The azimuth and downtilt are not correct Poor antenna isolation value RF cables, connection are loose or incorrect
BTS hardware
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CDU, splitter/combiner failure TRX failure TMU failure FPU failure Clock failure Internal communication cable
Transmission
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Example:
# Clock board: the faulty clock board causes clock inconsistency between base stations.
Data Configuration
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Improper setting of handover threshold (higher, lower, the edge handover threshold is higher than the power control threshold.) Improper setting of handover hysteresis and handover priority. Improper setting of P, N value of statistic time Incomplete frequency and adjacency relation configured in BA1/BA2 table There are adjacent cells with the same frequency and the same BSIC CGI and module ID in "Cell Description Table" are different from those in "Cell Module Information Table". CGI, BCCH and BSIC in "External Cell Description Table" are different from those in the opposite BSC. The DPC of BSC in MSC "LAI And GCI Table" is incorrect.
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A interface problem
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Basically the insufficient link resource results in the abnormal handover, as well as abnormal communication.
The target cell is congested, which causes the handover failure. Then the target cell should be expanded or reduce its traffic .
The signaling at A interface, E interface of the opposite equipment are not matching to our equipment and they can not be recognized or support, which causes the handover failure, such as voice version, handover number, TUP circuit, addressing mode (CGI or LAI).
Course Contents
Measurement points of handover Searching process of handover data Analysis of handover problem Handover cases
1. Register the incoming inter cell handover measurement function and find that the successful rate of handover from all other cells to this cell is low, although it is not always 0 percent. Base on careful data checking, the data of this cell is correct. 2. Perform drive test and find that the downlink signal is normal but almost all handovers to this cell are failure. Near the BTS, the handover is successful occasionally. Perhaps the problem is with the uplink signal. 3. Check the uplink channel, antenna, CDU, they are no problem. Change the TRX , everything is normal.
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!Conclusion:
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The symptom is that the uplink and downlink at UM interface are unbalanced so uplink voice quality is bad.
Solution:
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1. Check whether it is attributed to LAPD software upgrade. After the upgrade, not all cells under module 4 are congested and the handover indices of some cells are not low. Upgrade isnt the cause.
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Solution:
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3. Check alarm:
# At 19:31 of 18th September, the clock system alarms of site A and site B occurred. It is found that 13M clock isnt synchronous. The clock problem result in low handover success rate of the two sites. Such impact is spread to the adjacent cells of these two cells and even to the whole network.
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4. Analyze handover data and traffic statistics: All cells where handover success rate is low are adjacent to A and B except A and B themselves.
Solution:
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5. Reset site A and site B, the clock system is recovered, and the handover success rate inter/intra BSC goes up to 93 problem is solved. . The
Conclusion:
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The problem in clock system will result in low handover success rate. Pay attention to the alarm console and the excursion of the clock system.
Solution:
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1. Trace interface message. After receiving HO-REQUEST message, Huawei BSC returns HO-FAILURE message immediately. In normal conditions Huawei BSC should return HO-REQ-ACK message. Carefully analyze HO-REQ message and HO-FAILURE message.
Handover failure
HO-REQUEST
Solution
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3. HO-REQUEST: The difference is basically the Address Indicator in comparison with the normal handover request message. HUAWEI BSC does not recognize case 41. The system thinks that Address Indicator must be 0x43. Inform the owner of network, modify problem is solved. the relation parameter, and this
Conclusion:
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In cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers, faults can be located by analyzing the signaling.
Solution:
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1. Check data: There is no fault in BSC and MSC of the two venders.
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2. Check alarm: BTS maintenance console, No.7 link and A interface circuit are all normal.
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3. Trace Huawei A interface signaling. After "HO-REQUIRED" message is sent, "HO-COMD" command is not received from MSC.
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4. Trace MAP message at E interface (inter-MSC) with a signaling meter. It is found that after receiving HO-Number, Huawei MSC never sends IAI (Initial Address Information).
Solution:
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5. Check HO-Number message from the opposite and find that the handover code format is 130********(only a number of mobile telephone, no any prefix). But this mobile company requires that roaming/handover between exchanges should be in the format: 00+country code + roaming/handover number. In addition, Huawei equipment does not recognize the handover number without 00+country code. Therefore the signaling is halted.
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6. Discuss with N, asking them to add "00+country code" before the handover number. Then outgoing BSC handover is normal.
Conclusion:
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Problems can be located quickly and accurately if you are familiar with the signaling flow of handovers.
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
IAI
HO-REQUEST-ACK
HO-Command
ACM
HO-Access MAP_Process_Access_Signaling HO-Complete MAP_Send_End_Signal Clear-Command Clear-Complete MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK Intermediate steps are omitted.
MSC-B
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO MAP_Abort
HO-REJECT
Solution:
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1. Analyze the Prepare-HO message sent from Huawei MSC to the opposite. The voice version is full-rate version 1, 2 and halfrate version 1. It is a PHASE 2+ version. However there is only full-rate version 1 in the message sent from M900 to Huawei M1800. It turns out that the opposite does not support half-rate version, so the handover fails.
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2. Modify A interface circuit pool table of Huawei MSC data, only using full-rate version 1.
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Conclusion:
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There are often many problems in coordination between the equipment of different manufacturers. However, problems can be located accurately by tracing signaling.
Analysis:
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Register outgoing inter-cell handover measurement function of BSC1 and incoming inter-cell handover measurement function of BSC2.
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Check the data relate to handover of BSC1 and BSC2. Analyze signaling of handover failure.
Solution:
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1. Check all data of inter-BSC handover: external cell description data table, BA2 table, CGI of MSC. No problem is found.
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2. Trace A interface message of BSC1 and BSC2. After BSC1 sends "HO-REQUIRED", BSC2 has not received "HOREQUEST" message, but opposite is normal.
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3. The path of data search: MSC goes to "LAI and GCI Table" according to the CGI of the target cell in "HO-REQUIRED" message, and sends HO request to the correct BSC base on the description of the DPC of the cell given in the table.
Solution:
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4. The HO-REQUEST message, which should have been sent to BSC2, is sent to BSC1. It is DPC error. After correction, the problem is solved.
Conclusion:
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For the data of inter-BSC handover, besides checking whether CGI at MSC side is consistent with that of opposite and BSC, check whether the DPC is correct. MSC look up target DPC base on the CGI of the target cell. When the DPC is incorrect, "HO-REQUEST" will be sent to wrong BSC.
Solution:
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1. Perform forced handover with a test mobile between several cells where handover success rate is low. The forced handovers are all successful. Data problem is excluded.
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2. The interference band of cells is ideal, call drop and congestion rate are normal. It is unlikely that the coverage and interference at the radio interface causes the problem.
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3. Trace A interface signaling and compare the failure signaling with success signaling:
Success signaling:
Solution:
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4. The comparison result is that Huawei BTS has not detected any MS access information (No HO DETECT signaling occurs). It shows that there is problem when the MS is accessing M1800 cells.
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5. Reconfirm that there is no problem with the handover data, otherwise the handover success rate will be very low.
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6. Re-trace large number of handover signaling to find that all failures are attributed to the same cause. In addition, the problem is the same: there are several handover requests in a call duration but all requests fail.
Solution:
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7. Analyze other similarities of the failed message, to find that the first 6 digits of IMEI numbers of these MS are all 449684. It shows that the MS that have handover problem are of the same model.
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8. Find the MS owners with the IMSI numbers and find that all MS with handover problem are F MS. Not long before it was proved that this MS has poor insulation performance between M900 and M1800, so it can not access M1800 network. Now the cause is found.
1. In this case the handover success rate is not very low, therefore coordination problem is unlikely.
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2. Trace the signaling to find the cause of the handover failure: BTS has not received handover access message from MS.
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3. Find the similarity of these MS through large amount of signaling tracing: IMEI numbers are the same. Then it is found that the problem is on F MS.
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4. The coverage of M900 is very good, F MS is always under M900 in idle status. Therefore in a call, TCH assignment seldom fail, which will not result in high congestion rate. But in handover, problem is very likely to happen.