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UN intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo

United Nations Observer Mission in the democratic Republic of Congo


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Relevant Resolutions17
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Security Council Resolution 1234 April 9, 1999: Called for a signing of a peace
agreement between the DRC and involved nations after war broke out in the Eastern
DRC.
Security Council Resolution 1258 August 6, 1999: Acknowledged the Lusaka
Accord peace agreement and authorized the deployment of UN personnel.
Security Council Resolution 1279 November 30, 1999: This resolution created the
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(MONUC)
Security Council Resolution 1291 February 4, 2000: Describes the MONUC
mandate.
Security Council Resolution 1341 February 22, 2001: Encouraged the withdrawal
of foreign troops that signed the Lusaka Accord.
Security Council Resolution 1552 July 27, 2004: The UN renewed its arms
embargo against irregular forces in the DRC until July 31, 2005.
Security Council Resolution 1565 October 1, 2004: extended the MONUC mandate
to include overseeing the arms embargo, protecting citizens, and supporting the
Government of National Unity and Transition by aiding the removal of foreign
combatants.
Security Council Resolution 1592 March 30, 2005: Expressed its concern for
sexual exploitation and abuse by UN personnel against the local population and advised
countries to take action for the further prevention of these actions.
Security Council Resolution 1596 April 18, 2005: The UN announced that an
additional arms embargo (Resolution 1493 in July 2003) would extend to ban the flow
of weapons to include any recipient in the countrys borders. Violators would face a
travel ban and assets freeze.
Security Council Resolution 1621 September 6, 2005: Increased the number of UN
personnel to MONUC and added police personnel to carry out five police units of 125
officers.
Security Council Resolution 1649 December 21, 2005: The UN demanded that
foreign fighting groups in the DRC should disarm by January 15 or they would receive
sanctions.
Security Council Resolution 1671 April 25, 2006: Ordered the deployment of a
European Union reserve force ending four months after presidential and parliamentary
elections to aid MONUC.
Security Council Resolution 1771 August 10, 2007: Extended the arms embargo
until February 15, 2008.

Security Council Resolution 1797 January 30, 2008: The UN endorsed MONUC to
help locals organize, prepare, and conduct elections.

Suggested Readings
Dealing with Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations:
This book gives a great overview of many conflicts in African countries, and includes
an entire chapter on the DRC. It gives a lot of information about UN peacekeeping and
also gives a good overview of the present conflict.
The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A Peoples History, author Georges NzongolaNtalaja: A picture of the DRC through its political leaders and how they have helped
and hindered the country from moving forward. This book gives a great chronology of
events and helps explain how the issue has become so complicated.
Explaining the Failure of Democracy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
author Osita G. Afoaku: Another look at the DRC through its political events and how
they have shaped the course of events over the past fifty years.
Crisis in the Congo: A United Nations Force in Action, author Ernest W. Lefever:
This entire book is dedicated to the involvement of the UN in the Congo after its
independence. Although this peacekeeping mission was not detailed as MONUC today,
it may be beneficial to review a bit of past action in the country to help gain a better
picture of how influential it is today.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Economic Dimensions of War and Peace,
author Michael Nest: This book looks at the conflict in the DRC from an economic
perspective and analyzes current efforts trying to develop the country. It includes some
information about MONUC and its successes and failures.
The Troubles Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo, author, Robert B. Edgerton:
As a complete history of the Congo, this book highlights important events as well as the
intertwining conflicts in the entire Great Lakes region of Africa. It is a detailed look
into the countrys problems and its potential to save Western Africa.

Bibliography
Background Note: Democratice Republic of the Congo. (2008, March).
Retrieved March 2008, from US Department of State:
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2823.htm

Bavier, J. (2008, March 5). West Congo Violence Catches Our UN

Peacekeepers. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from boston.com:
http://boston.com/news/world/africa/articles/2008/03/05
Boulden, J. (2003). Dealing with Conflict in Africa. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Congo-Kinshasa: 14,200 Cases of Rape Registered from 2005 to 2007.
(2008, March 17). Retrieved March 20, 2008, from AllAfrica.com:
http://allafrica.com/stories/200803171102.html
Congolese Officials Receive UN-backed Training on Sex Crime Investigation.
(2008, February 8). Retrieved March 1, 2008, from UN News Service:
http://un.org/apps/news
Democratic Republic of the Congo - MONUC - Mandate. (2008). Retrieved
March 2008, from un.org:
http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/monuc/mandate.html
Democratice Republic of the Congo - MONUC - UN Documents. (2008).
Retrieved March 2008, from UN.org:
http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/monucDrs.htm
DR Congo: Warring Sides Must Protect Civilians. (2007, December 11).
Retrieved March 2008, from Human Rights Watch:
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/12/11/congo17534_txt.htm
DRC Profile. (2006). Retrieved March 2008 , from MONUC:
http://www.monuc.org/News.aspx?newsID=11424&menuOpened=DRC
%20profile
Edgerton, R. B. (2002). The Troubled Heart of Africa. New York: St. Martin's
Press.
Loconte, J. (2005, January 3). The UN Sex Scandal. Retrieved March 4, 2008,
from The Weekly Standard:
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/081zx
elz.asp
Lynch, C. (2004, November 27). UN Says Its Workers Abuse Women in
Congo. Retrieved March 10, 2008, from washingtonpost.com:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A15363-2004Nov26.html
MONUC Activities. (2006). Retrieved March 2008, from MONUC.org:
http://www.monuc.org/News.aspx?newsID=11424&menuOpened=DRC
%20profile
Nest, M. (2006). The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Economic
Dimensions of War and Peace. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Rwanda: Genocide Rebels Are Well Financed in the Congo. (2008, February
22). Retrieved March 2008, from AllAfrica.com:
http://allafrica.com/stories/200802220753.html