PLC S7 - 200

Chng 3: Thit k tm hiu v plc v b bin tn cho cn
dng bao

40

Ch-ng 3
Thit k tm hiu v PLc v b bin tn cho cn dng bao
3.1. Tm hiu v PLC
3.1.1: Cu to chung ca PLC
- Thit b iu khin lgic kh trnh (Program mable
Logic Control) vit tt l PLC. L loi thit b cho php
thc thin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua
mt ngn ng lp trnh thay cho vic phi th hin thut
ton bng mch s.
- c th thc hin -c mt ch-ng trnh iu khin
PLC phi c tnh nng nh- mt my tnh, ngha l phi c
mt b vi x l (CPU), mt h iu hnh, b nh l-u
ch-ng trnh iu khin d liu v cc cng vo /ra
giao tip -c vi i t-ng iu khin v trao i
thng tin vi mi tr-ng xung quanh. Bn cnh nhm phc
v bi ton iu khin s PLC cn phi c thm cc khi
chc nng c bit nh- b m (Counter), b thi gian
(Time)... v nhng khi hm chuyn dng
. B x l trung tm CPU
- B x l trung tm l ht nhn ca plc, n thc hin
cc php tnh logic, s hc v iu khin ton b hot ng
ca h thng
- B x l gi cc lnh t b nh thc hin mt
cch tun t. Theo ch-ng trnh n x l cc thng tin u
vo v chuyn kt qu x l n u ra. Trn thc t mi
PLC th h mi u da trn k thut vi x l chuyn dng
dng bao

41

iu khin cc chc nng phc tp nh- cc php tnh ton
hc hay b iu chnh PID.
3.1.1.2. B nh
Mi PLC u da trn 2 loi b nh l ROM v RAM c
dung l-ng ty thuc vo thit k ring ca tng loi PLC
vic s dng cc phn ca b nh ph thuc vo thit k h
thng ca nh sn xut, tuy nhin c th phn chia b nh
ca PLC t nht thnh 5 vng sau :- B nh iu hnh
(Executive Memory)
- B nh h thng (System Memory)
- Bng nh vo ra (I/O Image Table)
- B nh s liu (Data Memory)
- B nh ch-ng trnh (User Program Memory)
* B nh iu hnh
- B nh iu hnh (Hay h iu hnh) Lun nm trong
ROM, do -c pht trin bi nh sn xut nn rt t khi
cn thay i. H iu hnh l mt ch-ng trnh ngn ng my
c bit chy PLC. N ch dn cho b vi x l c v
hiu cc lnh. Biu tng do ngi s dng lp trnh,
theo di mt trng thi ra v duy tr, gim st cc trng
thi hin ti ca h thng.
*. B nh h thng
- Khi h iu hnh thc hin nhim v ca mnh th cn
mt s vng l-u gi kt qu v thng tin trung gian, do
mt phn ca b nh RAM -c dng cho mc ch ny.
Thng th-ng vng b nh h thng ch do h iu hnh s
dng. Mt s PLC dng b nh h thng cho vic l-u gi
dng bao

42

thng tin lin lc gia b lp trnh vi h iu hnh : v
d nh- h iu hnh to mt m li cha trong vng b nh
h thng. Nh- vy trong qu trnh thc hin, ch-ng trnh
s dng c th c m li ny s l mt khc ng-i s
dng cng c th gi thng tin cho h iu hnh tr-c khi
thc hin ch-ng trnh s dng bng cch ghi thng tin vo
vng b nh ny.
*. Bng nh vo ra :
- Mt phn ca b nh Ram -c dng eer l-u gi trng
thi hin ti ca cc tn hiu vo ra hay cn gi l bng
nh vo ra. Nh- vy trng thi mi tn hiu vo ra -c l-u
gi ti mt v tr t-ng ng trong bng nh vo ra v c
a ch duy nht xc nh. Mi modul vo ra n l -c gn
mt vng ring trong bng nh vo ra.
*. B nh s liu
- B nh s liu -c dng l-u gi cc s liu cn
thit trong ch-ng trnh nh- trng thi b m b thi
gian, cc tham s ton hng hay cc qu trnh cu l-u gi
s liu tm thi. Mt s nh ch to chia vng b nh s
liu thnh 2 vng :1 cho s liu c nh v mt cho s liu
thay -c. Vng s liu c nh ch c th lp trnh thng
qua thit b lp trnh. CPU khng cho php ghi s liu vo
vng ny m ch -c ghi s liu vo vng s liu thay i
-c.
* B nh ch-ng trnh
- Vng cui ca b nh trong PLC -c dng cha
ch-ng trnh ca ng-i s dng. y l vng nh m h iu
dng bao

43

hnh s ch cho CPU c v thc hin cc lnh ca ch-ng
trnh. Vng nh ch-ng trnh c th -c chia nh tip nu
CPU dng mt phn ca b nh ny l-u gi cc thng bo
m ASCII. Cc ch-ng trnh con hay cc hm c bit khc.
- Phn ln cc PLC l-u gi cc s liu v ch-ng trnh
s dng trong RAM. Mt s h thng cho php l-u gi c
ch-ng trnh v vng s liu c nh trong b nh EPROM.
Khi ng-i s dng c th lp trinh chy th trong RAM
cho hot ng tr-c khi np vo EPROM. L-u rng b nh
RAM c c im l ni dung b nh thay i nhanh nh-ng b
nh s b xa khi c li ngun cung cp v khng c ngun
backup. l-u gi an ton ch-ng trnh iu khin phi ghi
vo b nh EPROM hoc EEROM. Tuy nhin cc b nh ROM c
thi gian truy cp ln nn khi khi to PLC cc ch-ng
trnh iu khin trn b nh ph (EPROM hoc EEROM) ny
th-ng -c sao chp vo RAM nhm tng tc ca h thng.
3.1.1.3. Khi vo ra:
- Khi vo ra ca PLC thc hin cng vic ghp ni
gia cc thit b cng nghip cng sut ln vi mch in
t cng sut nh cha v thc hin ch-ng trnh iu khin.
Phn ln cc PLC thc hin cng vic ghp ni gia cc
thit b cng nghip cng sut ln vi cc in p trong t
5 15 V ( in p TTL v CMOS). Trong khi tn hiu t thit
b vo c th ln hn rt nhiu, th-ng t 245 240V. Vi
dng vo mt vi ampe.
Nh- vy khi vo ra l mt b ghp ni gia mch in
t ca PLC vi th gii bn ngoi do m bo -c trng
dng bao

44

thi tn hiu cn thit vi tnh cht cch ly. iu ny cho
php PLC -c ni trc tip vi cc c cu chp hnh. Cc
thit b vo ra m khng cn mch in hoc rle trung gian
Mt tiu chun ra i vi tt c cc knh I/O l phi
-c cch ly vi h iu khin vi x l t tin bng vic
s dng mch Optoilatore trn cc modul vo ra.
- PLC c nh c cc u vo ra trong cng mt khi
vi CPU th cc u vo ra cng nh- cc u vo ra th-ng
chun cng mt loi kinh t cho nh sn xut. Cc PLC
kiu modul gip ng-i s dng linh hot trong vic la
chn, kt hp cc khi vo ra c mc tn hiu thch hp.
3.2. tM HIU v plc h S7 - 200
3.2.1. Gii thiu chung v h PLC S7 200
PLC S7 200 l thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c
nh ca hng SIEMENS Cng ho lin bang c, c cu trc
kiu modul v cpu cc modul m rng. Cc modul ny -c s
dng cho nhiu cc ng dng lp trnh khc nhau.
Thnh phn c bn ca S7 200 l khi vi x l CPU
212, CPU 214 hay CPU 216. V hnh thc bn ngoi, s khc
nhau gia cc loi CPU ny nhn bit -c nh u vo ra v
ngun cung cp.
- CPU 212 c 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra v c kh nng m
rng thm bng 2 modul m rng.
- CPU 214 c 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra v c kh nng
m rng thm bng 7 modul m rng.
- CPU 216 c 24 cng vo v 16 cng ra v c kh nng
m rng thm bng 14 modul m rng.
dng bao

45

Hinh 3.1: B PLC S7 -
200
3.2.2. Cu trc chung ca h PLC S7 200
3.2.2.1. Cu hnh cng
thc hin -c 1 ch-ng trnh iu khin, PLC c kh
nng nh- mt my tnh , ngha l n c mt b vi x l (
CPU : Center Processing Unit), mt h iu hnh, mt b nh
s l-u gi ch-ng trnh, d liu v cc cng vo ra
giao tip vi cc thit b iu khin v trao i thng tin
vi mi tr-ng xung quanh. Bn cnh , nhm phc v cc
bi ton iu khin s, PLC cn c thm cc chc nng c
bit nh- b m, b thi gian v cc khi hm chuyn dng.
Phn cng c 1 b iu khin kh trnh PLC -c cu to
thnh cc modul. Mt b PLC th-ng c cc modul sau :
- Modul ngun (PS)
- Modul b nh ch-ng trnh.
- Modu n v x l trung tm (CPU)
- Modul u vo, ra.
- Modul ghp ni.
dng bao

46

- Modul chc nng ph.

Mi modul -c ghp thnh 1 n v ring, c phch cm
nhiu chn cm vo rt ra -c d dng trn trn mt
panel c kh c dng hp hoc bng.
Trn panel c lp cc -ng :
- -ng ray ngun dn ngun mt chiu ly t u ra
ca modul ngun PSCN ( th-ng l 24 V ) n cung cp cho
cc modul khc.
- Bus lin lc trao i thng tin gia cc modul vi
th gii bn ngoi.

a. n v x l trung tm CPU.
B nh ch-ng
trnh
Khi x l
trung tm v
h iu hnh
B nh thi
gian
B m
Bt c
B m vo
ra
Cng vo ra
onboard
Cng ngt v
m tc cao
Qun l ghp
ni
CPU
Hnh 3.2; s cu trc bn trong
PLC ca hng SIEMENS
dng bao

47

Mi mt thit b PLC ch c mt modul CPU. C 2 loi
n v x l trung tm CPU :
- n v x l n bit : thch hp cho vic x l
cc thao tc logic. Do vn thi gian x l nn khng
thc hin -c cc chc nng phc tp. Tuy nhin n c gi
thnh thp nn vn -c dng thc hin cc bi ton n
gin.
- n v x l a bt : Loi ny tc x l cao
hn v vy thch hp nhiu vi vic x l nhanh chng cc
thng tin s v thc hin cc bi ton phc tp. S d t
-c tc cao v khng nhng n c th x l theo bt m
cn x l t bao gm nhiu bt c th ti 16 bt .
Nguyn l hot ng ca CPU c th -c m t tm tt
nh- sau:
Cc thng tin l-u tr trong b nh ch-ng trnh -c
gi ln tun t v -c iu khin v kim sot bi b
nh ch-ng trnh . B vi x l lin kt cc tn hiu ring
l li vi nhau theo cc qui nh t rt ra kt qu l
cc lnh cho u ra. S thao tc ln l-t ca ch-ng trnh
dn n mt thi gian tr gi l thi gian qut.

b. B nh S7 200
B nh ca S7 200 -c chia thnh 4 vng nh vi 1 t
c nhim v duy tr d liu trong 1 khon thi gian nht
nh khi mt ngun. B nh S7 200 c tnh nng ng cao,
c va ghi -c ton vng loi tr cc vng cc bt nh c
bit ( Special Memory) ch c th truy cp c.
dng bao

48

* Vng nh ch-ng trnh :

L vng nh -c dng l-u gi ch-ng trnh, vng ny
thuc kiu oc ghi -c (non volatile). Ch-ng trnh iu
khin hin hnh -c l-u tr trong b nh ch-ng trnh bng
cc b phn l-u tr in t nh- RAM, PROM hay EPROM. Ch-ng
trnh -c to ra vi s gip ca 1 thit b lp trnh
cm trn panel ca PLC.
Mt ngun in duy tr l cn thit cho RAM ngay c
trong tr-ng hp mt ngun chnh. Ng-i ta cho php thit
k thnh modul cho php rhc hin cc chc nng iu
khin c quy m khc nhau. ng thi mun m rng b nh
ch cn cm cc th nh vo panel ca PLC.
* Vng nh tham s:
L vng l-u gi cc tham s nh t kho, a ch trm
Cng ging nh- vng ch-ng trnh, vng tham s thuc kiu
c ghi -c (non - volatile).
* Vng nh d liu:

Ch-ng
trnh
Tham s
D liu
Vng i
t-ng
Ch-ng
trnh
Tham s
D liu
Ch-ng
trnh
Tham s
D liu
EPROM Min nh
ngoi
Hnh 3.3; Cu trc b nh ca S7
200
dng bao

49

Vng nh d liu -c s dng ct d liu ca ch-ng
trnh bao gm kt qu cc php tnh, hng s -c nh
ngha trong chng trnh, b m truyn thng Mt phn ca
vng nh ny (200 byte u tin vi CPU 212 v 1k byte u
tin vi CPU 214) thuc kiu ghi -c(non - volatile).
Vng nh d liu l min nh ng, n c th -c truy
nhp theo tng bit, tng byte hay t n (word) hoc t
kp. Ghi cc d liu kiu bng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc
d liu kiu bng th-ng ch -c s dng theo nhng mc
ch nht nh.
Vng nh d liu li -c chia thnh nhng min nh nh
vi cc cng dng khc nhau. Chng -c k hiu bng nhng
ch ci u tin ca tn ting Anh c tr-ng cho cng dng
ca chng nh- sau:
+ V Variable memory/min c ghi -c
+ I Input image register/ min m cng vo
+ O - Output image register/ min m cng ra
+ M Internal memory bits/ Min nh ni
+ SM Special memory bits/ min nh c bit
Tt c cc min ny u c th truy nhp -c theo tng
bt, tng byte hay theo t n hoc t ghp.
* Vng nh i t-ng:
Vng nh i t-ng -c s dng l-u tr d liu cho
cc i t-ng lp trnh nh- gi tr tc thi, gi tr c
bit ca b m, hay timer. D liu kiu i t-ng bao gm
cc thanh ghi ca timer, b m, cc b m tc cao, b
m vo ra t-ng t v cc thanh ghi AC ( accumulator).
dng bao

50

Kiu d liu i t-ng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d
liu kiu i t-ng -c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca
i t-ng .
c. Modul u vo
Modul c chc nng ly tn hiu -a vo PLC, n c cha
b lc v b thch ng mc nng l-ng, mt mch phi ghp
c la chn -c dng ngn cch gii in ca mch trong
v mch ngoi. Phn ln cc modul u vo -c thit k
c th nhn -c nhiu u vo v nu thm u vo th c
th cm thm cc th u vo khc. Vic chun on h- hng
sai st s -c thc hin mt cch d dng nu mi u vo
-c trang b mt it pht quang bo mc tn hiu u vo.
d. Modul u ra
Modul u ra c cu to ging nh- modul u vo. N gi
thng thng tin u ra n cc phn t kch hot ca my
lm vic. V vy nhiu modul vo ra thch hp vi cc mch
phi ghp kh nhau -c cung cp. it pht quang c th
-c lp quan st u ra gip cho vic pht hin nhng
li lp ghp. S l-ng u ra c th ng thi hot ng,
ph thuc vo tng loi thit b v c th hn ch bi l
do in hoc nhit.
e. Chc nng phi ghp.
Modul phi ghp -c dng ni cc thit b iu
khin kh trnh vi thit b bn ngoi nh- mn hnh, panel
m rng hay thit b lp trnh thng qua cng truyn thng
ni tip RS 485 vi phch cm 9 chn gi l cng MPI.
dng bao

51

Thm vo , cc chc nng ph cng cn thit hot ng
song song vi cc chc nng thun tu ca 1 PLC c bn.
Cng c khi ng-i ta ghp thm cc th in t ph c bit
to ra cc chc nng ph . Trong cc tr-ng hp ny
u phi dng n mch phi ghp.

Ghp ni S7 200 vi my tnh PC thng qua cng RS 232
cn c cp ni PC/PCI vi b chuyn i RS 232/RS 485.

S7 200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS vi
phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi cc thit
b lp trnh khc hoc cc trm PLC khc. Tc truyn ca
my lp trnh kiu PPI lag 9600 baud. Tc truyn cung
cp ca PLC theo kiu t do l 300 n 38400 baud.

5 4 3 2 1
9 8 7 6
Hnh 3.4. S
chn cng truyn
thng RS 485

Chn Chc nng
1 t
2 Ngun 24 VDC
3 Truyn nhp d liu
4 Khng s dng
5 t
6 Ngun 5 VDC
7 Ngun 24 VDC
8 Truyn nhn d liu
9 Khng s dng

dng bao

52

f. Cc chc nng ph
- B nh duy tr : c chc nng nh- rle duy tr , n
duy tr tn hiu khi mt ngun in. Khi -c cp ngun tr
li th b chuyn i b nh nm trng thi nh- tr-c lc
mt ngun.
- B nh thi gian timer : b thi gian c chc nng
t-ng t nh- cc rle thi gian, vic t thi gian -c
thc hin t bn ngoi hoc -c lp trnh sn.
- B m (counter) : Dng m s kin, c th lp
trnh c bn hc thng qua cc th t ph, vic t gi tr
b m thng qua lp trnh hoc nt bm.
- Chc nng s hc: -c thit k thc hin bn chc
nng s hc c bn : Cng tr, nhn, chia v cc chc nng
so snh. S c mt ca cc chc nng ph lm nng cao kh
nng lp trnh ca PLC.
- Chc nng iu khin s (NC) : Chc nng ny lm PLC
c th -c ng dng iu khin qu trnh cng ngh ca
my cng c hoc tay my ca ng-i my cng nghip . . .
g. Ngun cp, pin v ngun nui b nh
Ngun cp xoay chiu hoc 1 chiu.
Ngun pin c th -c s dng m rng thi gian l-u
gi cho cc s liu c trong b nh. Ngun pin -c t ng
chuyn sang trng thi tch cc nu nh- dung l-ng t nh
dng bao

53

b cn kit v n phi thay th vo v tr d liu
trong b nh khng b mt i.
3.2.2.2. Thc hin ch-ng trnh.
PLC thc hin ch-ng trnh theo vng lp. Mi vng lp
-c gi l 1 vng qut (scan). Mi vng qut -c bt u
giai on c d liu t cc cng vo b m o, tip theo
l giai on thc hin ch-ng trnh. Trong tng vng qut,
ch-ng trnh -c thc hin bng lnh u tin v kt thc
bng lnh kt thc (MEND). Sau giai on thc hin ch-ng
trnh l giai on truyn thng tin ni b v kim tra li.
Vng qut kt thc bng giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca
b m o ti u ra.
Nh- vy ti cc thi im thc hin lnh vo ra, thng
th-ng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi cc cng vo ra m
ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong vng nh tham s.
Vic truyn thng tin gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong
giai on 1 v giai on 4 do CPU qun l. Khi gp lnh vo
ra ngay lp tc th h thng s dng ngay mi vic khc,
ngay c ch-ng trnh x l ngt , thc hin lnh ny mt
cch trc tip vi cng vo ra.

Chuyn d
liu t b
m o ra
ngoi vi
Truyn
thng v
kim tra
ni b
c d liu
t ngoi vi
vo b m
o
Thc hin
ch-ng
trnh
Hnh 3.5. Vng qut ch-ng trnh trong
dng bao

54

3.2.3. Ph-ng php lp trnh vi PLC.
C th lp trnh cho PLC S7 200 bng cch s dng 1
trong cc phn mm sau y :
- STEP7 Micro/Dos
- STEP7 Micro/Win
Nhng phn mm ny u c th ci t -c trn cc my
tnh lp trnh h PG7xx hay trn cc my tnh c nhn PC.
Cc ch-ng trnh cho PLC S7 200 phi c cu trc bao
gm : Ch-ng trnh chnh (main program) v sau l cc
ch-ng trnh con v cc ch-ng trnh x l ngt -c ch ra
d-i y :
- Ch-ng trnh chnh -c kt thc bng lnh MEND.
- Ch-ng trnh con l b phn ca ch-ng trnh . Cc
ch-ng trnh con phi -c vit sau lnh kt thc ch-ng
trnh chnh MEND.
Cc ch-ng trnh x l ngt l mt b phn ca ch-ng
trnh. Nu cn s dng ch-ng trnh x l ngt phi vit
sau lnh kt thc ch-ng trnh chnh MEND.
Cc ch-ng trnh con -c nhm li thnh 1 nhm ngay
sau ch-ng trnh chnh. Sau n ngay ch-ng trnh x l
dng bao

55

ngt. Bng cch vit nh- vy, cu trc ch-ng trnh -c r
rng v thun tin hn trong vic oc ch-ng trnh sau ny.
C th do trn ln cc ch-ng trnh con v ch-ng trnh x
l ngt ng sau ch-ng trnh chnh.
Cch lp trnh cho S7 200 ni ring v cho cc PLC
ni chung ca SIEMENS da trn 2 ph-ng php c bn :
- Ph-ng php hnh thang (Ladder logic) vit tt l LAD
- Ph-ng php lit k ( Statement List) vit tt l
STL.
Nu ch-ng trnh -c vit theo kiu LAD, thit b lp
trnh s t to ra mt ch-ng trnh theo kiu STL t-ng
ng. Ng-c li khng phi mi ch-ng trnh -c vit theo
kiu STL cng c th chuyn sang dng LAD.

Main program

MEND
Thc hin trong 1 vng
qut
SBR n/ ch-ng trnh
con th n+1
.
RET
Thc hin khi -c
ch-ng trnh chnh gi
INT o/ ch-ng trnh
ngt th 1
.
RETI
Thc hin khi c tn
hiu ngt
INT o/ ch-ng trnh
ngt th n+1
.
RETI

Hnh 3.7. Cu trc ch-ng trnh
ca PLC S7 200

dng bao

56

3.2.4 Cc Lnh c bn ca PLC SIMATIC S7- 200
Lnh vo: LD v LDN.
Lnh LD np gi tr lgic ca mt tip im vo trong
bit u tin ca ngn xp. Cc gi tr c cn li trong
ngn xp b y li xung mt bit.
Lnh LDN np gi tr logic, nghch o ca mt tip im
vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr c cn li
trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bt.

M t lnh bng LAD:
LAD M t Ton hng

n
Tip im th-ng m
s -c ng nu n= 1
n: I, Q, M, SM,
T,C, V (bit)

n
Tip im th-ng ng
s m khi n= 1
dng bao

57

n
Tip im th-ng m s
ng thc thi khi n=
1
n: I

n
Tip im th-ng ng
s m thc thi khi n=
1

M t lnh bng STL:
Lnh M t Ton hng
LD
n
Lnh np ga tr logic ca
im n u tin trong ngn
xp
n:
I,Q,M,SM,T
(bit) C,V
LDN
n
Lnh np nghch o ca im
n vo bit u tin trong ngn
xp
LDI
n
Lnh np tc thi gi tr
logic ca im n vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp.
n: I
LDNI
n
Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic
nghch o ca im n vo bt
u tin trong ngn xp

Lnh ra.
OUT PUT ( = ): Lnh sao chp ni dung ca bit u tin
trong ngn xp vo bit -c ch nh trong lnh. Ni dung
ca ngn xp khng b thay i.

dng bao

58

M t lnh bng LAD:
LAD M t Ton hng

(
n
)
Cun dy u ra trng
thi kch thch khi c
dng iu khin i qua
n:
I,Q,M,SM,T,C,V
(bit)

(
n
)
Cun dy u ra -c kch
thch tc thi khi c dng
iu khin i qua
n: Q
(bit)

M t lnh bng STL nh- sau:
STL M t Ton hng
= n Lnh = sao chp gi tr
ca nh ngn xp ti tip
im n -c ch dn trong
lnh.
n:
I,Q,M,SM,T,C,V
(bit)
= 1 n Lnh = 1 sao chp tc
thi gi tr ca nh
stack ti tip im n -c
ch dn trong lnh
n: Q
(bit)
Cc lnh ghi/ xo gi tr cho tip im.
SET (S)
RESET (R)
Lnh dng ng v ngt cc im gin on -c
thit k. Trong LAD, lgic iu khin dng in ng hoc
ngt cc cun dy u ra. Khi dng iu khin n cc cun
dy th cc cun dy ng hoc m cc tip im (hoc mt
dy cc tip im).
dng bao

59

Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bit u ca ngn xp
n cc im thit k. Nu bit ny c gi tr bng 1, cc
lnh S v R s ng ngt tip im hoc mt dy cc tip
im (gii hn t 1 n 255) Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b
thay i bi cc lnh ny.

M t lnh S v R bng LAD:
LAD M t Ton hng

(S)
n

ng mt mng gm n tip
im
k t S_ BIT
S_ BIT: I, Q, M,
SM, T C,V(bit)
n: IB,QB,
MB, SMB, VB
(byte) AC, hng
s, *VD,
* AC

(R)
n

Ngt mt mng gm n
tip im k t S_BIT.
Nu S_BIT li ch vo
Timer hoc Counter th
lnh s xo bt u ra
ca Timer/ Counter .

(S I
n
)
ng tc thi mt mng
gm n cc tip im k
t S_BIT
S_BIT: Q
(bit)
n:
IB,QB,MB,SMB,VB
(byte) AC, hng
s,
*VD, *AC

(R I
n
)
Ngt tc thi mt mng
gm n cc tip im k
t a ch S_BIT
S'
BIT

S' BIT

S' BIT

S' BIT

dng bao

60

M t lnh S (set) v R (Reset) bng STL nh- sau:
Lnh M t Ton hng
S S_BIT
n
Ghi gi tr logic, vo mt
mng gm n bit k t a ch
S_BIT
S_BIT : I,
Q, M,

SM, T C,V
(bit)
R S_BIT
n
xo mt mng gm n bit k t
a ch S_BIT. Nu S_BIT li
ch vo Timer hoc Counter
th lnh s xo bit u ra
ca Timer/ Couter.
SI S_BIT
n
Ghi tc thi gi tr logic 1
vo mt mng gm n bt k t
a ch S_BIT
S_BIT: Q
n:
IB,QB, MB,

SMB,VB
(byte)AC,h
ng s,

*VD, * AC
RI S_BIT
n
Xo tc thi mt mng gm n
bt k t a ch S_BIT

Cc lnh logic i s boolean
Cc lnh tip im i s Boolean cho php to lp -c
cc mch logic (khng c nh). Trong LAD cc lnh ny -c
biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni tip hay song
song cctip im th-ng ng v cc tip im th-ng m.
STL c th s dng cc lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc hm
h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not), ON (Or Not) cho cc hm
dng bao

61

kn. Gi tr ca ngn xp thay i phc thuc vo tng
lnh.
Lnh

M t Ton hng
O
n
A
n
Lnh thc hin ton t . (A)
vv (O) gia gi tr logic ca
tip im n v gi tr bit
u tin trong ngn xp. Kt
qu -c ghi li vo bit u
ca ngn xp
n:
I,Q,M,SM,
(bit) T,C,V
AN n
ON n
vv (O) gia gi tr logic
nghch o ca tip im n v
gi tr bit u tin trong
ngn xp. Kt qu -c ghi li
vo bit u ca ngn xp
AI
n
OI
n
vv (O) gia gi tr logic ca
tip im n v gi tr bit
u tin trong ngn xp. Kt
qu -c ghi li vo bit u
ca ngn xp

n: I
(bit)
dng bao

62

ANI n
ONI n
vv (O) gia gi tr logic
nghch o ca tip im n v
gi tr bit u tin trong
ngn xp. Kt qu -c ghi li
vo bit u ca ngn xp

Cc lnh iu khin Timer.
Timer l b to thi gian tr gia tn hiu vo v tn
hiu ra nn trong iu kin vn th-ng -c gi l khu
tr.
Vi S7-200 c 64 Timer (vi CPU 212) hoc 128 Timer
(vi CPU 214) -c chia lm hai loi khc nhau.
Lnh
phn
gii
Gi tr cc
i
CPU 212 CPU 214
TON 1 ms 32,767s T32 T32, T96
10ms 327,67s
T33 T36 T33 T36, T97
T100
100ms 3276,7s
T37 T63 T37 T63, T101
T127
TONR 1 ms 32,767s T0 T0, T64
dng bao

63

- Timer to thi gian tr khng c nh (ON- Delay Timer),
k hiu l TON.
- Timer to thi gian tr c nh (Retentive On-Delay
Timer), k hiu l TONR.
C hai Timer kiu TON v TONR cng bt u to thi
gian tr tn hiu k t thi im c s-n ln tn hiu
u vo tc l khi tn hiu u vo chuyn trng thi logic
t 0 ln 1, -c gi l thi im Timer -c tnh v khng
tnh khong thi gian khi u vo
c gi tr logic 0 vo thi gian tr tn hiu -c t
tr-c. Khi u vo c gi tr logic bng 0, TON t ng
Reset cn TONR th khng t ng RESET. Timer TON -c dng
to thi gian tr trong mt khong thi gian (min lin
khng). Cn vi TONR th thi gian tr s -c to ra
trong nhiu khong thi gian khc nhau.
Cc loi Timer ca S7- 200 i vi CPU 212 v CPU 214
chia theo TON, TONR v phn gii bao gm:

C php khai bo s dng Timer trong LAD nh- sau:
LAD

M t Ton hng
10ms 327,67s
T1 T4 T1 T4, T 65
T68
100ms 3276,7s
T5 T31 T5 T31, T 69
T95
dng bao

64

TON -
Txx
IN
PT
Khai bo Timer s hiu xx
kiu TON to thi gian
tr tnh t khi u vo IN
-c kch. Nu nh- gi tr
m tc thi ln hn hoc
bng gi tr t tr-c PT
th T- bit c gi tr logic
bng 1. C th reset Timer
kiu TON bng lnh R hoc
bng gi tr logic 0 ti
u vo IN
CPU 212 v 214
CPU 214
1 ms T32
T96
10ms T33 T36
T97 T100
100ms T37 T63 T101
T127
Txx: CPU: 212:
32 63
(word )CPU214: 32
63

96 127

PT VW,
T,C, IW
(word) QW, MW,
SMW
AC,
AIW, VD
AC,
hng s
dng bao

65

TONR-
Txx
IN
PT
Khai boTimer s hiu xx
kiu TONR to thi gian
m tc thi ln hn hoc
bng gi tr t tr-c PT
kiu TONR bng lnh R cho
T- bit
CPU 212 v 214
CPU 214
1 ms T0
T64
10ms T1 T4
T65 T68
100ms T5 T31
T69 T95
Txx: CPU: 212:
0 31
(word) CPU 214: 0
31

64 95

PT VW,
T,C, IW
(word) QW, MW,
SMW
AC,
AIW, VD
- AC, hng s

C php khai bo s dng Timer trong STL nh- sau
STL

M t Ton hng
dng bao

66

TON
Txx n

kiu TON to thi gian
m tc thi ln hn hoc
bng gi tr t tr-c PT
kiu TON bng lnh R hoc
bng gi tr logic 0 ti u
vo IN
CPU 212 v 214
CPU 214
1 ms T32
T96
10ms T33 T36
T97 T100
100ms T37 T63
T101 T127
Txx: CPU: 212:
32 63
(word) CPU 214:
32 63.

96 127

n VW,
T,C, IW
(word) QW, MW,
SMW
AC,
AIW, VD
* AC,
hng s
dng bao

67

TONR
Txx n

kiu TONR to thi gian
m tc thi ln hn hoc
bng gi tr t tr-c PT
kiu TONR bng lnh R cho T-
bit
CPU 212 v 214
CPU 214
1 ms T0
T64
10ms T1 T4
T65 T68
100ms T5 T31
T69 T95
Txx: CPU: 212:
0 31
(word) CPU 214:
0 31

64 95

n VW,
T,C, IW
(word) QW, MW,
SMW
AC,
AIW, VD
* AC,
hng s

Cc lnh iu khin Counter
Counter l b m thc hin chc nng m s-n xung trong
S7- 200. Cc b m ca S7-200 -c chia lm 2 loi: B m
tin CTU v b m tin/ li (CTUD)
dng bao

68

- B m tin CTU m s s-n ln ca tn hiu logic u
vo, tc l m s ln thay i trng thi logic t 0
ln 1 ca tn hiu.
B m tin/ li CTUD m tin khi gp s-n ln ca xung
vo cng m tin k hiu l CU trong LAD hoc bit th 3
ca ngn xp trong STL v m li khi gp s-n ln ca
xung vo cng m li -c k hiu l CD trong LAD hoc bit
th 2 ca ngn xp trong STL.
B m tin CTU c min gi tr m tc thi t 0 n
32767.
B m tin/ li CTUD c min gi tr m tc thi l -
32768 32767.

Lnh khai bo s dng b m trong STL nh- sau:
STL

M t Ton hng
dng bao

69

CTU Cxx
n
Khai bo b m tin theo
s-n ln ca CU. Khi gi
tr m tc thi C - word
ln hn hoc bng gi tr
t tr-c n, C - bit c
gi tr logic bng 1. B
m -c reset khi u
trong ngn xp c gi tr
logic bng 1. B m ngng
m khi C- word t -c
gi tr cc i 32.767

Cxx: CPU: 212:
0 47
(word) CPU 214: 0
47

80 127

PV VW, T,C,
IW
(word) QW, MW, SMW
AC ,
AIW, hng s
* VD,
*AC
dng bao

70

CTUD Cxx
n
Khai bo b m tin/ li,
m tin theo s-n ln ca
CU v m li theo s-n
ln ca CD. Khi gi tr
m tc thi C- word ln
hn hoc bng gi tr t
tr-c n. C-bit Cxx c gi
tr logic bng 1. B m
ngng m tin khi C-word
t -c gi tr cc i
32.767 v ngng m li
khi C- word t -c gi
tr cc tiu -
32.768 CTUD reset khi u
vo R c gi tr logic
bng 1.

Cxx: CPU: 212:
48 63
(word) CPU 214: 48
79

PV VW, T,C,
IW
(word) QW, MW, SMW
AC ,
AIW, hng s
* VD,
*AC

Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut.
Trong LAD v STL ch-ng trnh chnh phi kt thc bng
lnh kt thc khng iu kin MEND. C th s dng lnh kt
thc c iu kin END tr-c lnh kt thc khng iu kin.
- Lnh STOP kt thc ch-ng trnh, n chuyn iu kin
ch-ng trnh n ch STOP. Nu nh- gp lnh STOP trong
ch-ng trnh chnh hoc trong ch-ng trnh con th ch-ng
trnh ang -c thc hin s -c kt thc ngay lp tc.
Cc lnh so snh
dng bao

71

Khi lp trnh ,nu quyt nh v iu khin -c thc
hin -a trn kt qu ca vic so snh th c th s dng
lnh so snh theo bye thay t kp ca S7-200.
LAD s dng lnh so snh so snh gi tr ca bye t,v
t kp (gi tr thc hoc nguyn).nhng lnh so snh th-ng
l :so snh nh hn bng(<=); so snh ln hn bng(>=); so
snh bng(=).
Khi so snh gi tr ca bye th khng cn phi
n du ca ton hng ng-c lai khi so snh cc t hoc t
kp vi nhau th phi n du ca ton hng l bt cao
nht trong t hoc t kp.
Biu din cc lnh so snh trong LAD

Lad M t Ton hng

Tip im th-ng m
khi n1=n2
B=Byte
I=integer
D=double interger
R=Real
n1,n2: VB,
IB, QB
(byte)MB,SMB
,AC CONST
*VD,*AC

Tip im th-ng m
khi n1>=n2
B=Byte
I=integer
D=double interger
R=Real
n1,n2:
VW,T,C,IW
(t)
QW,MW
SMW,AIW
CONST,*VD,*AC

= = B
n1 n2
n2 n1
= = I
= = R
n1 n2
n2 n1
= = D
> = B
n1 n2
n2 n1
> = I
> = R
n1 n2
n2 n1
>= D
dng bao

72

Tip im th-ng m
khi n1<=n2
B=Byte
I=integer
D=double interger
R=Real

n1,n2:
VD,ID,QD
( t kp )
MD,SMD
AC,HC,CONST,
*VD,AC

Biu din trong STL
STL M t Ton hng
LDB = n1
n2
LDW= n1
n2
LDD= n1
n2
LDR= n1
n2

Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic load gi
tr logic 1 vi ni
dung ngn xp khi ni
dung ca 2 byte,t ,t
kp,s thc,n1,n2 tho
mn n1=n2
n1,n2:VB,IB,QB,M
B,SMB
(byte),AC,CONST,
VD,
*AC

LDB>= n1
n2
LDW>=n1
n2
LDD>= n1
n2
LDR>= n1
n2
Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic load gi
tr logic 1 vi ni
dung ngn xp khi ni
dung ca 2 byte,t ,t
kp,s thc,n1,n2 tho
mn n1>=n2

n1,n2:
VW,T,C,IWQW
(t) MW ,SMW,AIW
CONST,*VD,*AC
< = B
n1 n2
n2 n1
< = I
< = R
n1 n2
n2 n1
< = D
dng bao

73

LDB<= n1
n2
LDW<=n1
n2
LDD<= n1
n2
LDR<= n1
n2
Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic load gi
tr logic 1 vi ni
dung ngn xp khi ni
dung ca 2 byte,t ,t
kp,s thc,n1,n2 tho
mn n1<=n2

n1,n2: VD,ID,QD
( t kp )
MD,SMD
AC,HC,CONST,
*VD,AC
Cc lnh s hc
Cc lnh s hc dng d thc hin cc php tnh s hc
trong ch-ng trnh .cc php tnh vi s thc hoc vi s
thc du phy ng, v cc php bin i gia s thc v s
nguyn kiu t kp ch thc hin -c CPU214.
Ngoi cc hm c bn (cng, tr, nhn, chia) vi s
thc v s thc du phy ng,S7-200 cn cung cp cn cung
cp cc lnh thc hin php bin i gia s thc (4byte)
v s nguyn kiu t kp v ly cn.
Tn cc lnh s hc -c thc hin trong LAD v STL
cng cc nh c bit -c chng s dng thng bo
trng thi kt qu nh- sau.
LAD
STL
SM1.0
Kt qu
0
SM1.1
Bo trn
SM1.2
Kt qu
m
SM1.3
Chia
cho 0
ADD_I
+I c C
1
c Khng
SUB_I -I c C
1
c Khng
ADD_D +D c C
1
c Khng
SUD_D -D c C
1
c Khng
ADD_R +R c C
1
c Khng
SUB_R -R c C
1
c Khng
MUL MUL c Khng c Khng
MUL_R *R c C
2
c Khng
DIV DIV c (- c C
dng bao

74

32,768/-
1)
DIV_R /R c C
2
c C
SQRT SQRT c C
2
c Khng
1
kt qu b trn nh
2
trn hoc ton hng khng hp kiu

ADD_I(LAD)
+I(STL)
Lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1v IN2
.Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 16 bit -c ghi vo
OUT, tc l
IN1 + IN2 = OUT
Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr 16 bit nh-ng -c
ghi li vo
IN2 tc l :
IN1 + IN2 = IN2
SUB_I(LAD)
-I(STL)
Lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1v IN2
OUT, tc l
IN1 - IN2 = OUT
ghi li vo
IN2, tc l :
IN1 - IN2 = IN2
C php lnh cng ,tr 2 s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD ,STL
nh- sau:
dng bao

75

LAD STL Ton hng

+I IN1
IN2
IN1, IN2 VW,T,C,IW
(T) QW,MW SMW
AC,AIW,CONST,*VD
*AC

-I IN1
IN2
OUT VW,T,C,IW
(T) QW,MW SMW
AC ,*VD, *AC

ADD_DI(LAD)
+D(STL)
Lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 32 bit IN1v IN2
OUT, tc l
IN1 + IN2 = OUT
ghi li
vo IN2, tc l :
IN1 + IN2 = IN2
SUB_DI (LAD)
-D (STL)
Lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 32 bit IN1v
IN2.Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 32 bit -c ghi vo
OUT, tc l
IN1 - IN2 = OUT
dng bao

76

Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr 32 bit -c ghi
li vo IN2, tc l :
IN1 - IN2 = IN2

C php lnh cng ,tr 2 s nguyn 32 bit trong LAD ,STL
nh- sau:

LAD STL Ton hng

+R IN1
IN2
IN1, IN2
VD,ID,QD,
(Tkp)
MD,SMD,AC,
HC, CONST,*VD,
*AC

-R IN1
IN2
OUT
VD,ID,QD
(Tkp)
MD,SMD,AC
*VD, *AC

MUL
Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit
IN1 v IN2 v kt qu l mt s nguyn 32 bit -c ghi vo
OUT
Trong STL lnh thc hin php nhn gia s nguyn 16
bit n1 v s nguyn cha trong t thp(t bit 0 n bit 15)
ca ton hng 32 bit n2(4byte). Kt qu 32 bit -c ghi vo
n2.
C php lnh nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD ,STL nh-

dng bao

77

LAD STL Ton hng

MUL n1
n2
IN1 , IN2 VW,T,C
(t) IW, QW,MW SMW
AC,AIW,CONST,*VD*AC
OUT, N2
VD,ID,QD
(T kp) MD,SMD,AC
*VD, *AC

DIV

Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php chia s nguyn 16 bit
IN1cho s nguyn 16 bit IN2 v kt qu l mt s nguyn 32
bit -c ghi vot kp OUT
(4byte)gm th-ng s ghi trong mng 16 bit (t bit 0 n
bit 15) v phn d- 16 bit ghi trong mng t bit 16 n bit
31(t cao).
Trong STL lnh thc hin php chia gia s nguyn 16
bit n1 cho s nguyn cha trong t thp(t bit 0 n bit
15) ca ton hng 32 bit n2 (4byte).kt qu 32 bit -c ghi
vo n2. gm th-ng s ghi trong mng 16 bit (t bit 0 n
bit 15) v phn d- 16 bit ghi trong mng t bit 16 n bit
31(t cao).

C php lnh chia 2 s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD ,STL nh- sau

LAD STL Ton hng
dng bao

78

DIV n1
n2
IN1 ,n1, IN2
(t) VW,T,CIW,QW,
MW SMW AC,AIW, CONST,
*VD *AC
OUT, n2
VD,ID,QD
(T kp) MD,SMD,AC
*VD, *AC

MUL_R(LAD)
*R(STL)
Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php nhn 2 s thc 32 bit
IN1v IN2 v kt qu l mt s thc 32 bit -c ghi vo OUT
Trong STL lnh thc hin php nhn gia s thc 32 bit
IN1v IN2 v kt qu l mt s thc 32 bit -c ghi vo IN2

C php lnh nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD ,STL nh- sau

LAD
STL Ton hng

MUL n1
n2
IN1, IN2 VD,ID,QD,
(Tkp) MD,SMD,AC,
HC, CONST,*VD,
*AC
OUT VD,ID,QD
(Tkp) MD,SMD,AC
*VD, *AC

dng bao

79

DIV_R (LAD)
/R (STL)
Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php chia s thc32 bit IN1cho
s thc 32 bit IN2 v kt qu l mt s thc 32 bit -c
ghi vo t kp OUT (4byte)
Trong STL lnh thc hin php chia gia s thc32 bit IN1
cho s thc 32 bit IN2. Kt qu 32 bit -c ghi vo IN2.
C php lnh chia 2 s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD ,STL nh-
sau

LAD

STL
Ton hng

DIV_R IN1
IN2
IN1, IN2 VD,ID,QD,
(T kp) MD,SMD,AC,
HC, CONST,*VD,
*AC
OUT VD,ID,QD
(T kp) MD,SMD,AC
*VD, *AC

Cc lnh dch chuyn ni dung nh
Cc lnh dch chuyn thc hin vic di chuuyn hoc
sao chp s liu t- vng d liu ny sang vng d liu khc
trong b nh.
Trong LAD v trong STL lnh dch chuyn thc hin vic
di chuyn hay sao chp ni dung ca mt byte ,mt t ,hay
mt t kp hoc mt gi tr thc t vng ny sang vng
khc trong b nh
MOV_B (LAD)
MOVB (STL)
dng bao

80

Lnh sao chp ni dung ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
C php lnh MOVB trong STL v LAD nh- sau
LAD STL Ton hng

MOVB IN
OUT
IN VB,IB,QB,MB,SMB
Byte AC,hng s
*VD,*AC
OUT VB,IB,QB,MB
Byte SMB,AC,
*VD,*AC

MOV_W (LAD)
MOVW (STL)
Lnh sao chp ni dung ca t n IN sang t n OUT.
C php lnh MOVW trong STL v LAD nh- sau

LAD STL Ton hng
dng bao

81

MOV_W IN
OUT
IN VW ,T,C,IW,QW,MW
(T) AC,AIW,hng s,
*VD,*AC
OUT
VW ,T,C,IW,QW,MW
(T) AQW,AC,*VD,*AC
MOV_DW (LAD)
MOWD(STL)

Lnh sao chp ni dung ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT.
C php lnh MOVDW trong STL v LAD nh- sau
LAD STL Ton hng

MOVD IN
OUT
IN
VD,ID,QD,MD,SMD
(T kp)
HC ,AC,hngs
*VD *AC,&VB,&IB
&QB,&MB, &T, &C
OUT VD,ID,QD,MD,SMD
(Tkp)
AC,*VD, *AC
MOV_R (LAD)
MOVR (STL)
dng bao

82

Lnh sao chp ni dung ca s thc IN sang s thc OUT.
C php lnh MOVR trong STL v LAD nh- sau:

LAD STL Ton hng

MOV_R IN OUT
IN
VD,ID,QD,MD,SMD
(T kp)
HC ,AC,hngs
*VD *AC,
OUT VD,ID,QD,MD,SMD
(T kp)
AC,*VD, *AC

3.3. Tm hiu v bin tn (Bin tn L 200 Hitachi)
3.3.1. Tin ch ca vic s dng bin tn
- im c bit nht ca h truyn ng bin tn ng
c l c th iu chnh v cp tc ng c. Tc l thng
qua vic iu chnh tn s c th iu chnh tc ng c
thay i theo mun trong mt di rng.
- S dng b bin tn bn dn c rt nhiu cc tnh
nng thng minh, linh hot nh- l t ng nhn dng ng
c, tnh nng iu khin thng qua mng, khng ch dng
khi ng ng c gip qu trnh khi ng m i (mm, nng
cao bn kt cu c kh, gim thiu chi ph lp t, bo
tr, tit kim thi gian lp t, cc ch tit kim nng
l-ng v.v...
- S dng b bin tn bn dn c th lm ch v khng
ch -c nng l-ng qu trnh truyn ng v c th kim
sot -c n thng qua cc ch bo v qu ti, qu
dng bao

83

nhit, qu dng, qu p, thp p, li mt pha, lch pha...
ca bin tn.
- c bit vi nhng b bin tn c ch iu khin
Sensoless vector SLV hoc vector control whit Enveder
Feedback chng c nhiu tnh nng cao cp c mt di iu
chnh tc rt rng v m men khi ng ln, bng 200%
nh mc hoc ln hn. S bin ng vng quay ti tc
thp -c gim trit , gip nng cao s n nh v
chnh xc ca qu trnh lm vic, mn men lm vic ln, t
15% mmen nh mc ngay c vng tc 0.
3.3.2. Tm hiu v b bin tn L200 ca HiTaChi:
Hng HiTaChi (Nht Bn) Va cho ra mt dng sn phm
mi l bin tn L200, y thc s l mt dng sn phm
thng minh v l kt qu ca s kt hp t- duy hiu qu vi
cng ngh hin i, n mang trong mnh thnh qu ca s
pht trin cng ngh v in t tch hp tin tin nht
hin nay.
B bin tn ny s dng ch iu khin V/F nn ph
hp vi cc ng dng cho bm v qut hoc cc loi ti khc
nhau c yu cu mmen khi ng khng ln v t lm vic
vng tc thp nh- bng ti, thang cun, my ng gi,
cc my nha (Dng sn phm ny l la chn ti -u cho gii
php tit kim nng l-ng v chi ph u t-).
* B bin tn L200 ca HiTaChi c mt s cc c tnh k
thut nh- sau :
+ B iu chnh PID -c chun ha
+ C th thit lp -c 16 cp tc
dng bao

84

+ T khi ng li khi ngun in b li
+ H thng cc u ra, vo thng minh c th lp trnh
-c
+ Cc bin tn L200 s dng ch iu khin V/F
+ C y cc ch bo v qu ti, qu nhit, qu
dng, qu p, thp p, li mt pha, lch pha...
- H tr cc ng dng trong di cng sut t 0,2kw n
7,5kw
+ L200 l dng bin tn cng sut b, s dng ch
iu khin V/F nn ph hp vi nhng loi ti yu cu mmen
khi ng khng ln nh-:
- Qut gi
- Bm cc loi
-Thit b iu ha khng kh
- H thng ng m ca t ng, ca gara
- Bng ti
- My git
- V nhiu ng dng khc...
- Di tn s u ra t 0,5Hz.
- Tun theo cc tiu chun quc t : Tt c cc bin
tu HiTachi u -c nhit i ha, bn cao c 10 15
nm v -c chng nhn t tiu chun quc t CE, UL, CUL,
C Tick, ISO 9001, ISO 14001
- Cc b lc nhiu v tuyn (EMI) -c h tr nh- l
mt ty chn.
dng bao

85

- C kh nng giao tip mng: Tch hp sn giao din
truyn thng RS 485 MODBUS RTU cho php cu hnh t mt
PC v nhng modul ngoi s dng bus tr-ng PROFIBUS nn c
kh nng gim st v iu khin t my tnh hoc PLC.
- Thao tc d dng nh b keypad -c tch hp sn
: Ch cn nhn phm RUN l c th bt u qu trnh hot
ng, c th iu chnh tc ng c bng cch s dg
bin tr. Cc chc nng -c phn thnh nhm gip ta thit
t tham s d dng v nhanh chng.
- Phn mm ci t trn nn Windows kt ni bin tn
vi my tnh -c h tr nh- l mt ty chn ngoi ra bin
tn L200 cn c kch th-c nh gn nn gp phn gim bt
kch th-c ca h thng.
Cu to chnh ca bin tn -c m t theo s d-i y:

dng bao

86

Hnh 3. 8. S cu t
o

ca bin tn L200
Ngun in xoay chiu u vo qua phn chnh l-u chuyn
thnh in p mt chiu v in p ny qua phn nghch l-u
chuyn thnh ngun xoay chiu c tn s thay i theo yu
cu tc ca ng c.
L1
L2
L3
Cu chnh
l u
B phn lc
Nghch l u
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
ng c
dng bao

87

Phn nghch l-u s dng cc van IGBT vi thut ton
o mch. B vi x l iu khin cc van IGBT c tc y
rt cao to ra dng sng u ra theo yu cu.
Bin tn L200 c kh nng iu khin tc ng c
theo mt qu trnh t n gin n phc tp t mt cp tc
n nhiu cp tc , iu khin chy thun, chy
nghch.

Hnh 3.9. B bin tn L200 ca Hitachi
3.3.3. Cc phm v ngha ca chng
Bn phm pha tr-c ca b bin tn L200 c tt c cc
thng s cn cho vic iu khin v lp trnh. B tr bn
phm nh- hnh v sau : Tt c cc thit b lp trnh c
chc nng v b tr phm nh- sau:
dng bao

88

Hnh 3.10. Cc phm chc
nng ca bin tn L200
* Phm v ngha:
- RUN/STOP LED Bt : khi u vo ca b chuyn i
bt v ng c sinh mme (Ch chy) v tt khi u vo
ca b chuyn i tt (ch dng)
- PROGRAM/MO NITOR LED : n ny bt khi b chuyn i
ch i sa cha tham s (Ch lp trnh). n ny tt
khi vic hin th thng s ang kim sot d liu (Ch
kim sot).
- RUN KEY ENABLE LED : n ny bt khi b chuyn i
sn sng p ng vi phm RUN v tt khi phm RUN b v
hiu ha.
- RUN KEY : Bm phm ny chy ng c (n RUN
ENABLE LED phi bt tr-c ). Tham s F004. Phm RUN ca
bn phm xc nh hin phm RUN sinh lnh RUN FWD (chy
thun) hay RUN REV (chy ng-c)
- STOP/REST KEY : Bm phm ny dng ng c khi n
ang chy (s dng s gim tc lp trnh). Phm ny cng
t li ci bo ng b g.
dng bao

89

- B phn th : Cho php ng-i thao tc trc tip
thit lp tc ng c khi b phn th sn sng khi iu
khin tn s ra.
- POTENTIOMETER ENABLE LED : Bt khi b phn th cho
php nhp gi tr
- PARA METER DISPLAY : B hin th 4 s thng bo
cc thng tin v m chc nng v tham s
- DISPLAY UNITS, HERTZ/AMPRES : Mt trong cc n LEB
ny s bt hin th cc thng s c-ng dng in v
tn s.
- POW LED : n ny bt khi ngun vo b chuyn i
bt
- ALARM LED : Bt khi cc tip im ca Rle bo ng
ng
- FUNCTION KEY : Phm ny dng duyt qua cc tham
s v cc chc nng nhm thit lp v kim sot cc gi tr
ca tham s.
- UP/DOWN KEYS : Cc phm ny di chuyn ln v
xung trong danh sch cc tham s v chc nng -c trong
mn hnh hin th v tng gim cc gi tr
- STORE KEY : Khi thit b ch lp trnh v
thay i mt gi tr tham s. n phm ny ghi gi tr
vo EFPROM
3.3.4. Cc ch hot ng
Cc n RUN v PRG cho bit ch hot ng. Ch
chy v ch lp trnh c lp vi nhau. Trong hnh v
bn phi ch RUN thay th ch STOP, ch lp trnh
dng bao

90

thay th ch iu khin. y l kh nng rt quan trng
cho thy ng-i thao tc c th tip cn vi mt my ang
chy, thay i mt vi thng s m khng cn tt my.
Vic xut hin li khin cho b chuyn i chuyn sang
ch li (TRIP)nh- trong hnh v.

Mt s kin v d nh- qu ti u vo khin cho b
chuyn i thot khi ch RUN v tt cc tn hiu ra mn
hnh. ch li tt c cc yu cu chy ng c u b
b qua. Phi xa li bng cch n STOP/RESET.
3.3.5. Sa ch RUN
- B chuyn i c th ch RUN (D liu ra ang
iu khin ng c) vn cho php thay i mt s thng s.
- Chc nng ny rt quan trng i vi cc ng dng
i hi phi hot ng lin tc, ng thi cn phi iu
chnh li mt s tham s.
Cc bng tham s trong mc ny c mt ct tn l RUN
MODE EDIT. Du x c ngha l tham s khng th thay
i. Du V c ngha l tham s c th thay i. Chc
nng thit lp kha phn mm (B031) xc nh khi no, vic
dng bao

91

truy nhp vo ch RUN -c php v khi no truy cp
khng th.
3.3.6. Cc thut ton iu khin
- Ch-ng trnh iu khin ng c L200 c hai thut
ton PWM. l bn chn thut ton tt nht cho php
cc c tnh ng c trong ng dng ca bn. C hai thut
ton ny to ra tn s ra theo cch ging nhau. Khi -c
cu hnh thut ton s l b phn chnh thit lp cc
tham s khc. Nn chn thut ton ngy t khi thit k ng
dng.

Hnh 3.11. Thut ton
iu khin bin tn

M
lnh
Tn / hin th M t
A030 t tn s c bn
F-BASE 00060 Hz
C th t t 30 Hz n
tn s Max
A004 t tn s max
F-MAX 00060 Hz
C th t t tn s c
bn n 400 Hz
iu khin tn s thay i
Momen bng s
iu khin tn s thay i
Momen gim
Out put
dng bao

92

3.3.7. Nhm D: Cc chc nng iu khin
C th truy cp cc tham s h thng vi cc chc nng
iu khin nhm D d b chuyn i ch RUN hay ch
STOP. Sau khi la chn cc m chc nng cho cc tham s
mun iu khin. n phm chc nng mt ln hin th gi
tr trn mn hnh. Trong cc chc nng D005 v D006. B u
cui thng minh s dng tng phn ca mn hnh hin th
tnh trng ON/OFF. Nu mn hnh -c t iu khin mt
tham s v POWER DOWN (tt my) xut hin b chuyn i l-u
cc thit lp chcnng iu khin hin thi. tin, mn
hnh t ng tr v tham s -c iu khin tr-c

ln bt my tip theo.
Chc nng D
M
chc
nng
Tn hin th M t Thay
i
khi
ang

ch

run
n
v
D001
iu khin
tn s ra
Hin th thi gian thc cho
tn s ra ng c, t 0.0
400 Hz
Hz
FM 0000.00Hz
D002 Dng in ra Hin th dng din ra ng c A
dng bao

93

ng c (Hng s lc 100ms) di t 0
200%
Iout 0000.0A
D003
kim sot
chiu quay
Ba hin th khc nhau
F: thun
O: STOP
R : Ng-c

DIR
STOP

D004
Thay i qu
trnh (PV)
kim sot
hi tip PID
Hin th bin s PID (Hi
tip 00 99,99;100.0999,9;
1000999; ... 10000 99900)
%
hng
s
FI
0000.00%
D005
trng thi
vo ca cc
Hin th trng thi u vo
ca cc cc

IN TN
LLL
D006
trng thi
ra ca thit
b u cui
Hin th trng thi ca u
ra ca cc cc

OUT TN
LLL
D007
Kim sot
tn s
Hin th tn s ra khuych
i vi hng s B086
phn thp phn ch th khong
xx.xx 0.00 99.99
Hz
nhn
hng
s
F CNV
0000.00
dng bao

94

xxx.y 100.0 999.9
xxxy 1000 9999
xxxx 1000 9999(x10=
100099999)
D013
Kim sot
in p ra
in p ra ng co di t 0.0
600.0V
V
Vout
00000v
D016
Kim sot
thi gian
RUN cng dn
Hin th tng thi gian b
chuyn i ch RUN tnh
theo thi gi.
Di t

0999/1000/9999100999(10000
99.900)
gi
RUN
000000

* S kin li v kim sot qu trnh
c tnh ny gip duyt qua thng tin c lin quan
bng cch s dng bn phm.
Sa n
dng bao

95

M Tn / Hin th
SRW
M t
khi
ch

RUN
v
o
D080
m li S s kin li, di t
o 9999

S
kin
ERR2
0000
Kim sot li
1
Hin th thng tin s
kin li.
M li
tn s ra ti im li
in p ra ti im
li
in p bus DC ti im
li
Thi gian thao tc tng
cng tnh n im li
Tng thi gian bn ngun
tnh n thi im li

ERR1
Kim sot li
2
ERR2
kim sot li
3
ERR3

* Kim sot cc b khi hot ng theo mng
- Cng ni tip ca b bin tn L200 c th ni mng
hay ni n mt s thit b s ngoi. Trong thi gian ny,
cc phm ca bn phm khng hot ng (Tr phm STOP). Tuy
nhin mn hnh 4 s ca b chuyn i vn cung cp chc
nng kim sot, hin th bt tr tham s no t D001D007.
dng bao

96

Cc hin th la chn cho b chuyn i ni mng cho thy
D00X thng s hin th.
Khi iu khin b chuyn i trong qu trnh hot ng
theo mng cn ch cc im sau:
- Mn hnh s kim sot cc chc nng D00 theo thit
lp B098 khi cng tc OPE/485 -c t v tr 485 hoc
mt thit b -c ni vi cng ni tip ca b chuyn i
khi bt ngun.Trong qu trnh ni mng, bn phm hin th
m li ca cc s kin li. S dng phm xa hoc khi ng
li xa li.
Phm STOP c th b cm, nu mun c th s dng chc
nng B087

3

.
3.3.8. Nhm F Cc tham s chnh
Tn s chnh (Tc ) -c xc nh bng cc tham s
cha trong nhm F nh- hnh sau:
Hin th B087 la chn cho ni mng
M la
chn
M kim
sot
Tn chc nng
01 D001 Kim sot tn s ra
02 D002 Kim sot c-ng ra
03 D003 iu khin chiu quay
04 D004 iu khin cc bin PV, PH
05 D005 Trng thi u cui u vo thng minh
06 D006 Trng thi u cui u ra thng minh
07 D007 iu khin tn s ra chn
dng bao

97

Hnh 3.12. th quan h gia tn s
u ra v thi gian
Tn s -c tnh bng Hz, nh-ng giai on tng tc v gim
tc (T 0 tn s max v t tn s max v 0) -c tnh bng
thi gian ca qu trnh thay i. Tham s ca ng c xc
nh bng tn hiu phm RUN trn bn phm c to ra lnh
FWD hay lnh REV. Tham s ny khng nh h-ng chc nng FWD
v REV vn -c cu hnh ring r. Gia tc 1 v gim tc 1
l cc gi tr gia tc v gim tc chun cho Profile chnh.
Cc gi tr tng tc v gim tc cho profile thay th cho
th xc nh bng cch dng cc tham s Ax 92 qua Ax 93.
La chn chiu rng ng c (F004) xc nh chiu quay khi
lp t bn

phm. Thit lp ny p dng cho nhiu Profile ca cc ng
c.

t
Output
Freq
0
F001
F002 F003
dng bao

98

Nhm F Thay
i
Ngm nh
M Tn hin th
SRW
M t Ch

chy
FEF
LED
-FU
(USA
)
n
v
tnh
F001

Thit lp tn
s ra
Tn s ngm
nh tiu
chun xc
nh tc
ng c
khng i
V 0.0 0.0 Hz
VR 0000.0Hz
F002
t thi gian
tng tc
Thi gian
gia tc
ngm nh
tiu chun
0.01
3000s
V 10.0 10.0 S
ACC1 010.00S
F202
t thi gian
tng tc ng
c 2
Thi gian
gia tc
ngm nh
tiu chun
T ng c
th 2 T
0.01
3000S
V 10.0 10.0 S
2ACC1
010.00S
F003 t thi gian Thi gian V 10.0 10.0 S
dng bao

99

gim tc gim tc
ngm nh
tiu chun
t 0.01
3000S
DEC
010.00S
F203
t thi gian
gim tc cho
ng c 2
Thi gian
gim tc
ngm nh
tiu chun
ng c
0.01
3000S
V 10.0 10.0 S
2DEC1
010.00S
F004 Phm RUN Hai m la
chn 00:
Quay thun
(jwd)
01:quay
nghch
(REV)
Cros 00 00
DIG RUN
FWD

3.3.9. Nhm A : Cc chc nng tiu chun
Thit lp ngun iu khin, B chuyn i cung cp
linh hot cch thc bn iu khin hot ng RUN/STOP v
thit lp tn s ra (Tc ng c). N cn c ngun iu
khin na c th ln cc thit lp A001/A002 tham s
A001 thit lp vic chn ngun cho tn s ra ca b chuyn
dng bao

100

i. Tham s A002 chn ngun cu lnh RUN (cho lnh RUN
thun v nghch). Thit lp ngm nh s dng u vo choa
modul FEF (chu u) v bn phm cho modul FU (M).

Thit lp tn s. Vi tham s A001

M Ngun tn s
00 B ngun th bn phm phm vi quay ca qu m
ph hp vi ti -c xc nh bi B082 (iu
chnh tn s khi ng) n A004 (t tn s max)
01 B iu khin Tn hiu vo Analog trn Analog
|O| hay | OI|
02 t chc nng F001 Gi tr ca F001 khng i
dng cho tn s ra
03 u vo mng ModBus chc nng tnh ton c
ngun vo Analog m ng-i dng c th la chn
-c (A v B) u ra c th l tng, hiu hay
tch (+, -, x) ca hai u ra.

Thit lp ngun lnh RUN vi tham s A002
M Ngun lnh RUN
01
Thit b u cui iu khin, cp u vo |FW|
hay |RV| iu khin RUN hay STOP
02 Phm RUN trn bn phm. Phm RUN v STOP cung cp
vic iu khin
dng bao

101

03 u vo mng Mod Bus mng c mt nm cho lnh
RUN/STOP v mt nm cho FW/RV

Ngun ghi ln A001/A002: b chuyn i cho php mt
s ngun ln cc thit lp cho tn s ra v lnh RUN
trong A001 v A002. iu ny cung cp s linh hot cho cc
ng dng thnh thong cn dng cc ngun khc nhau ty cc
thit lp tiu chun A001/A002
Thit lp TM/PRG buc hot ng ca cc nh- bng sau
V tr JM/PRG Mc Ngun
PRG
Ngun tn s
ra
ch nh bi thit
lp A001
Ngun lnh RUN ch nh bi thit
lp A002
TM
Ngun tn s
ra
Cc vo Analog|O| hay
|OI|
Ngun lnh RUN
Cc vo |FW| v |RV|

Khi A001 = 01 v A002 = 01 Ngun iu khin b chuyn
i l cc cc. Khng b nh h-ng ca v tr TM/PRG ca
Switch khi A001 v A002 khng t l 01 th Tm/PRG mi iu
khin cc.
B chuyn i cn c ngun iu khin na c th tm
thi ln thit lp A001, c-ng bc ngun tn s ra. Bng
sau lit k tt c cc ph-ng php thit lp ngun tn s
v u tin ca chng (1 l u tin cao nht)
dng bao

102

-u tin Ph-ng php t lnh RUN A002
1
|OPE| Thao tc iu khin u vo thng minh
2
|FTM| u vo thng minh
3 Switch TM/PRG DIP
4 t ngun lnh RUN A002

3.3.10. Thit lp cc tham s c s
Cc thit lp ny nh h-ng n a s cc hot ng
ca b chuyn i, u ra n ng c. Tn s ca u ra AC
ca b chuyn i xc nh tc ng c. C th chn t 3
ngun khc nhau cho tc . V d : Trong qu trnh pht
trin ng dng c th thch s dng b o in th nh-ng c
th chuyn sang cc ngun ngoi (thit lp cc iukhin)
khi kt thc ng dng.
Cc thit lp tn s c bn v tn s ln nht t-ng
tc theo th d-i y.

dng bao

103

Hot ng u ra ca b chuyn i -ng V/S cho n
khi t n in p khuych i y ti tn s c bn.
-ng thng nm ngang ln phn tn s max cho php ng
c chy nhanh hn nh-ng gim mmen. l di hot ng vi
cng sut khong i. Nu mun ng c cho m men. Khng
i trong ton b di th t tn s c s = tn s max nh-
hnh sau

3.3.10.1.Thit lp u vo Analog:
- B chuyn i c kh nng chp nhn mt u vo
Analog bn ngoi iu khin tn s ra n ng c. in
p vo (0-10V) V dng vo (4 -20mA) c trn cc cc ring
bit |O| v |OI|. Cc |L| ng vai tr gc tn hiu cho 2 u
vo Analog. Vic thit lp cc u vo Analog iu chnh
-ng c tnh gia u vo Analog v tn s ra iu chnh
c tnh |O - L| :
dng bao

104

Hnh 3.13. th quan h gia tn hiu in p analog
u vo v tn s u ra
A013 v A014 chn phn hot ng ca di in p vo. Cc
tham s A011 v A012 la chn tn s bt u v kt thc
ca di tn s ra chuyn i. Bn tham s ny cng nhau
xc nh cc on chnh khi -ng thng khng bt u t
gc (A011 v A013>0) th A015 xc nh liu b chuyn i
cho ra OHZ hay A011 xc nh tn s khi gi tr tn hiu
Analog vo nh hn thit lp A013. Khi in p vo ln hn
gi tr kt thc A014 b chuyn i cho ra tn s kt thc
-c ch nh bi A012.

M lnh ci t tn hiu analog u vo:
M
lnh
Tn / hin th M t
A005 La chn cch t C 4 la chn:
%
f
0%
A012
A014
100%
10 V
A011
A013
A015 = 00
A015 = 01
max frequency
dng bao

105

tn s

AT Slct
0/OI
00: la chn gia iu kin
bng tn hiu Analog in p
hoc dng bng cc thng minh
AT.
01: Dng c hai tn hiu dy
v p ([0] + [OI]
02: La chn gia hiu p v
nt chit p
03: La chn gia tn hiu
dng v nt chit p
A001 t tn s gii
hn d-i ca di
Tn s u ra t-ng ng vi
gii hn d-i ca tn hiu
Analog u vo 0 400 Hz
0 - XES
0000.0 Hz
A012 t tn s gii
hn trn ca di
Tn s u ra t-ng ng vi
gii hn trn ca tn hiu
Analog u vo 0 400 Hz
0 - EXE
0000.0 Hz
A013 t t l phn
trm ca tn hiu
Analog gii hn
d-i
im bt u (gii hn trn)
cho tn hiu Analog u vo.
Di t : 0 100%
0 - EX%S
0000%
A014 t t l phn
trm ca tn hiu
Analog gii hn
trn
im kt thc (gii hn trn)
cho tn hiu Analog u vo.
Di t: 0 100%

dng bao

106

A015 t li gi tr
tn s ban u
C 2 la chn:
00: chn gi tr A011
01: chn 0 Hz.
0 LVL
0 Hz
A16 t h s thi
gian lc
F SAMP
0008
Di n = 1 8

3.3.10.2. Thit lp tn s lc v nhiu tc
B bin tn L200 c kh nng l-u tr v cho ra 16 tn
s n ng c (A020 A035). Trong thut ng truyn ng
truyn thng ta gi l c tnh nhiu tc . Cc tn s
ny -c chn bng tn hiu s -a n b chuyn i b
chuyn i s dng thit lp dng tng dc v gim tc
thay i dng ca tn s ra. Thit lp nhiu tc u
tin -c Copy cho ng c th 2 (15 thit lp cn li ch
dng cho ng c th nht)
- Thit lp tc -c dng kch hot lnh j09 khong
thit lp tc lc ty gii hn n 10Hz. m bo an
ton trong qu trnh vn hnh. S tng tc i vi tn s
lc xy ra tc thi nh-ng c th chn t 3 dng t -c
ph-ng php tt nht cho vic dng hot ng lc.
3.3.10.3. Thut ton iu khin mmen
B bin tn to ra cho ng c theo thut ton V/f
chn. Tham s A044 chn thut ton cho vic to ra tn s
nh- hnh sau :

dng bao

107

Hnh 3.14. Thut ton iu khin
mmen
(A244 cho ng c th 2). Ngm nh ca nh sn xut
l 00 (mome khng i).
M t sau s gip ta chn thut ton iu khin mmen tt
nht cho ng dng.

Hnh 3.15. Quan h gia tn s v in p khi mmen
bng hng s.
U/f control
Momen = const
U/f contrrol
Momen thay i
Out put
00
01
A44
Hz
U
0
100%
M = const
Base
Freq
Max
Freq
dng bao

108

Hnh 3.16. Quan h gia tn s v in p khi mmen thay
i.
th (1) Cho thy c tnh mmen khng i t 0 Hz
tn s c s A003. in p gi khng i cho tn s ra cao
hn tn s c s.
th (2) Cho thy -ng cong mmen thay i phm vi t 0
Hz tn s c s l c tnh bin i.

Bng m t cc m lnh phn thut ton iu khin m men
M
lnh
Tn / hin th M t
A041 La chn tng mmen 00: La chn tng bng
tay
01: La chn t ng
V Bst Slet MN
A042 t gi tr in p
tng mmen
C th t gi tr in
p t
0 20%
V Bst V 0005.0%
Hz
U
0
100%
M = variable
Base
Freq
Max
Freq
dng bao

109

A043 t tn s im tng
mmen
M Bst F 0003.0%
Di t t 0 50%
A044 Chn -ng c tnh
VII f
00: mmen khng i
01: mmen gim
CTRL
C-TRQ
A045 t in p gii hn
V Gain 00100%
Di t t 20% 100%
3.3.10.4. Tng th mmen:
Cc thut ton mmen bitn i v khng to ra mt
-ng cong tng th mmen. Khi ti trng ng c c nhiu
qun tnh hoc ma st khi ng. Ta c th phi tng c
tnh mmen khi ng tn s thp bng cch tng in p ln
trn t s V/f bnh th-ng.

Hnh 3.17. th quan h gia in p v tn s khi khi
ng ng c.
Chc nng ny nhm t -c s b in p ri trn
ng c vng tc thp. S tng th p dng t Zezo
1/2 tn s c s ; t im dng cho s tng th (im A
trn th bng cch s dng tham s A042 v A043. Thao
Hz
U
0
100%
t ng M
30
Hz
Base freq
= 50 Hz
5%
1,8
Hz
A
dng bao

110

tc tng th -c tnh ton l phn thm vo ca -ng tiu
chun V/f. Ch rng ng c tc thp trong mt thi
gian di gy nng ng c. c bit ch tc ng ny khi
tng th m men bt hay ng c ch dng qut trong lm
mt.
Ch : Tng th mmen ch p dng iu khin mmen
khng i (A044 = 00) v mmen bin i (A044 =01)V/f
3.10.5. Khuych i in p:
Dng tham s A045 c th thay i khuych i in p
ca b chuyn i:

iu ny -c xc nh bng t l % ca in p ra.
Khuych i c th t t 200% 100%. Cn thit lp t-ng
thch vi thng s k thut ca ng c.
3.10.6. Thit lp Hm DC
- c tnh hm DC c th cung cp mmen hm khi b
xung cho vic hm t gim tc dn n ng hm. Hm DC c
bit c ch tc thp khi mmen gim tc nh khi cho
php hm DC b bin tn pht ra mt in p DC vo ng c
trong qu trnh gim tc thp hn mt tn s chn (A052)
dng bao

111

cng hm (A054) v thi gian hm (A055) cng c th thit
lp. C th chn ti -u mt thi gian i tr-c khi hm DC
(A053) trong thi gian ng c quay t do.
Ch : Cn thn trnh ch nh mt thi gian hm
di ng c qu nhit .

3.3.10.7. Cc chc nng lin quan n tn s
- Hn ch tn s : Gii hn trn v gii hn d-i c
th -c t ra cho tn s ca b bin tn. Cc gii hn
ny -c p dng bt chp ngun iu khin tc . C th
cu hnh gii hn d-i ca tn s ln hn Zezo. Gi hn
trn khng -c v-t qu gii hn cho php ca ng c.
thit lp tn s max (A001/A024) ln gii hn trn ca
tn s (A061/A062)

- Tn s bc : Mt s ng c lm vic mt s tc
m c th b ph hy nu chy lu di tc ny. B bin
tn c 3 cp tn s. Hin t-ng tr xung quang tn s nhy
dng bao

112

bc khin cho u ra b bin tn xung quanh cc gi tr
tn s nhy cm.
- iu khin PID :
+ Khi cho php mch PID tnh ton mt gi tr ra l
t-ng to ra mt s thay i qu trnh phn hi (PV)
nhm tin gn hn im (SP). Lnh tn s hot ng nh- SP
thut ton PID c tn hiu vo Analog cho bin qu trnh
(ch nh dng v in p vo) v tnh ton u ra.
Mt khuych i trong A075 cho php nhn PV vi t s
chuyn i n thnh n v k thut cho vic x l.

M lnh iu khin PID:
M
lnh
Tn / hin th M t
A071 Cho php s dng PID C 2 la chn:
00: khng th s dng PID
01: c th s dng PID
PID Model
off
A072 t h s khuch i Di t 0.2 n 5
PIDP
0001.0
A073 t hng s thi gian
tch phn
Di t 0 n 100 s
PIDI
000.00s
A74 t hng s thi gian
vi phn
Di t 0 n 100 s
dng bao

113

PIDD
000.00s
A75 t h s t l PV
Di t 0,01 99,99
PID CNV
001.00%
A76 Ci t ngun cho PV 00: cc [OI] ( dng vo)
01: cc [0] ( p vo)
02: mng Modbus
03: tnh ton u ra
PID INP
OI
A71 Cch tnh PID 00: u vo PID
PID =
SP PV
01: u vo PID = - (SP-
PV)
- Chc nng lm u in p t ng (AVR): cho kphp u ra
dng sng ca b bin tn c bin t-ng i u trong
khi ngun vo bin ng. iu ny c bit c ch khi lp
t in p vo bin ng.
- Chc nng tng gim tc th 2: B bin tn L200 c cc
on dc tng gim tc. iu ny cung cp s linh hot khi
vi c tnh. Khi ch nh im chuyn i tn s, im m
s gim tc (F003) v tng tc F(002) Tiu chun sang s
tng tc th 2 (A092) v gim tc th 2 (A093) hoc c th
s dng u vo thng minh |2CH| kch hot chuyn tip.
La chn c tnh ny cng thc hin -c vi ng c th
2.
dng bao

114

- Chc nng tng/gim tc: Tng gim tc l tuyn
tnh CPU B chuyn i c th tnh ton mt s tng tc v
gim tc hnh S nh- th d-i:

c tnh ny rt hu ch vi c tnh ti trng trong
cc ng dng c th cc thit lp -ng cong cho tng v
gim tc -c chn c lp vi nhau. cho php -ng cong
S s dng chc nng A097 (Tng) v A098(gim).
- Thit lp u vo Analog b xung: thit lp phm vi
u vo khi s dng u vo iu khin tn s u ra ca
b chuyn i cc tham s ny iu chnh phm vi u v
cui ca dng in v phm vi tn s ra.
- Chc nng tnh ton u vo Analog: B bin tn c
th kt hp mt cch ton hc 2 ngun vo thnh mt gi tr
chc nng tnh ton c th cng, tr hoc nhn 2 ngun
chn. iu ny cung cp s linh hot cn thit cho cc ng
dng khc nhau. C th s dng chc nng ny thit lp
tn s ra (Dng A001 = 10) hoc u vo bin i PID (dng
A075 =03).
- Tn s cng: B bin tn c th cng hay tr mt
gi tr cho thit lp tn s ra -c ch nh bi A001 (c
dng bao

115

th lm vic vi bt k 5 ngun vo). Tn s cng l mt
gi tr c th l-u trong tham s A145. Cng tn s -c
cng hay tr i t thit lp tn s ra ch khi cc |ADD| l
ON. Chc nng A146 chn hoc l cng hoc l tr. Bng cch
cu hnh mt u vo thng minh cc ng dng c th ty
chn mt gi tr c nh A145 b (m hay d-ng) tn s
ra b bin tn trong thi gian thc.

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PLC S7 - 200

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Chng 3: Thit k tm hiu v plc v b bin tn cho cn

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