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Chng 1
Gii thiu
S pht trin ca Java Hng ti ngi dng Ging vi C / C++
Cc c trng ca Java
Applets ng dng c lp (console Application) ng dng giao din (GUI Application) Servlet ng dng c s d liu
My o Java
L mt phn mm da trn c s my tnh o L tp hp cc lnh logic xc nh hot ng ca my tnh c xem nh l mt h iu hnh thu nh N thit lp lp tru tng cho: Phn cng bn di H iu hnh M bin dch
B cng c JDK
Trnh bin dch, 'javac'
OR
Cc gi chu n c a Java
java.lang java.applet java.awt java.io java.util java.net java.awt.event java.rmi java.security java.sql
Cc c trng mI ca Java2
Swing Ko v th Java 2D API m thanh RMI
Chng 2
Cc phn t c bn ngn ng Java
Lp trong Java
C php khai bo lp (Class)
class Classname { var_datatype variablename; : met_datatype methodname(parameter_list) : }
Lp mu
Kiu d liu
Kiu d liu c s (Primitive Data Types) Kiu d liu tham chiu (Reference data types)
Kiu d liu c s
byte char boolean short int long float double
Bin s
Khai bo bin s gm 3 thnh phn:
Kiu d liu ca bin s Tn bin Gi tr ban u ca bin (khng bt buc)
Khai bo mng
Ba cch khai bo mng:
datatype identifier [ ]; datatype identifier [ ] = new datatype[size]; datatype identifier [ ]= {value1,value2, .valueN};
Access specifiers
public private protected
Method Modifiers
static abstract final native synchronized volatile
Nhng phng thc c np chng l mt hnh thc a hnh (polymorphism) trong qu trnh bin dch (compile time)
C mt trong lp cha (superclass) cng nh lp k tha (subclass) c nh ngha li trong lp k tha (subclass)
Nhng phng thc c ghi l mt hnh thc a hnh (polymorphism) trong qu trnh thc thi (Runtime)
C cng tn vi lp dn xut (subclass) Mnh gi constructor ca lp cha (superclass) phi l mnh u tin trong constructor ca lp dn xut (subclass)
Cc ton t
Cc loi ton t:
Ton t s hc (Arithmetic operators) Ton t dng Bit (Bitwise operators) Ton t so snh (Relational operators) Ton t logic (Logical operators) Ton t iu kin (Conditional operator) Ton t gn (Assignment operator)
+= -= *= /= %=
Th t u tin ca cc ton t Th t Ton t 1. trong ngoc tnh trc 2. Cc ton t n nh +,-,++,-3. Cc ton t s hc v cc ton t dch nh *,/,+,-,<<,>> 4. 5. 5.
Cc ton t quan h nh >,<,>=,<=,= =,!= Cc ton t logic v Bit nh &&,II,&,I,^ Cc ton t gn nh =,*=,/=,+=,-=
Cc lnh iu khin
iu khin r nhnh:
Mnh if-else Mnh switch-case
Vng lp (Loops):
Vng lp while Vng lp do-while Vng lp for
Lnh if-else
C php
if (condition) { action1 statements; } else { action2 statements; }
Lnh switch-case
C php
switch (expression) { case 'value1': action1 statement(s); break; case 'value2': action2 statement(s); break; : : case 'valueN': actionN statement(s); break;
Lnh lp while
C php
while(condition) { action statements; : : }
Lnh lp do-while
C php
do { action statements; : : } while(condition);
Vng lp for
C php
for(initialization statements; increment statements) { action statements; : : } condition;
Chng 3
Gii thiu
Nhng thnh phn c bn ca 1 chng trnh Java:
Gi (Packages) Giao din (Interfaces)
Interfaces
Chng trnh Java ch c th k tha t 1 lp duy nht trong cng mt thi im, nhng c th dn xut cng lc nhiu Interfaces Khng c php c nhng phng thc c th (concrete methods) interface cn phi c hin thc (implements).
Cc bc to interface
nh ngha Interface Bin dch Interface Hin thc Interface Tnh cht ca interface:
Tt c phng thc trong interface phi l public. Cc phng thc phi c nh ngha trong lp dn xut giao din .
S dng Interface
Khng th dn xut t lp khc, nhng c th dn xut t nhng interface khc Nu mt lp dn xut t mt interface m interface dn xut t cc interface khc th lp phi nh ngha tt c cc phng thc c trong cc interface Khi nh ngha mt interface mi th mt kiu d liu tham chiu cng c to ra.
Gi (Packages)
Tng t nhth mc lu tr nhng lp, interface v cc gi con khc. l nhng thnh vin ca gi
Cho php t chc cc lp vo nhng n v nh hn Gip trnh c tnh trng trng lp khi t tn. Cho php bo v cc lp i tng Tn gi (Package) c th c dng nhn dng chc nng ca cc lp.
Nhng lnh khc phi vit pha di dng khai bo gi l mnh import, k n l cc mnh nh
ngha lp i tng
Cc bc to ra gi (Package)
Khai bo gi Import nhng gi chun cn thit Khai bo v nh ngha cc lp i tng c trong gi Lu cc nh ngha trn thnh tp tin .java, v bin dch nhng lp i tng c nh ngha trong gi.
Xc lp CLASSPATH
L danh sch cc th mc, gip cho vic tm kim cc tp tin lp i tng tng ng Nn xc lp CLASSPATH trong lc thc thi (runtime), v nh vy n s xc lp ng dn cho qu trnh thc thi hin hnh
Gi java.lang
Mc nh th bt c chng trnh Java no cng import gi java.lang Nhng lp Wrapper (bao bc) cho cc kiu d liu nguyn thy:
Lp String
Phng thc khi to (Constructor):
String str1 = new String(); String str2 = new String(Hello World); char ch[ ] = {A,B,C,D,E}; String str3 = new String(ch); String str4 = new String(ch,0,2);
String Pool
String Pool i din cho tt c cc k t c to ra trong chng trnh Khi nim String Pool
Lp StringBuffer
Cung cp nhng phng thc khc nhau thao tc trn i tng string (chui k t) Nhng i tng ca lp ny kh linh hot Cung cp nhng phng thc khi to (constructor) c np chng (overloaded) Nhng phng thc ca lp StringBuffer:
append( ) insert( ) charAt( ) setCharAt( ) setLength( ) getChars( )
Lp java.lang.Math
abs() ceil() floor() max() min() round() random() sqrt() sin() cos() tan()
Lp Runtime
ng gi (Encapsulates) mi trng thc thi Dng qun l b nh, v thi hnh nhng tin trnh cng thm Phng thc:
exit(int) freeMemory( ) getRuntime( ) gc( ) totalMemory( ) exec(String)
Lp System
Cung cp nhng h tng chun nh nhp (Input), xut (Output) v cc lung li(Error Streams) Cung cp kh nng truy xut n nhng thuc tnh ca h thng thc thi Java, v nhng thuc tnh mi trng nh phin bn, ng dn, nh cung cp Phng thc: exit(int) gc() getProperties() setProperties() currentTimeMillis()
Lp Class
Th hin (Instance) ca lp ny che giu tnh trng thc thi ca i tng trong mt ng dng Java i tng hoc th hin ca lp ny c th to ra bng 1 trong 3 cch sau:
S dng phng thc getClass( ) ca i tng S dng phng thc tnh forName( ) ca lp to ra mt th hin ca lp trong lc t tn cho lp S dng i tng ClassLoader np mt lp mi
Lp Object
L lp cha (superclass) ca tt c cc lp Phng thc:
Gi java.util
Cung cp phn ln nhng lp Java hu dng v thng xuyn cn n trong hu ht cc ng dng Gii thiu nhng lp tru tng sau:
Lp Hashtable
M rng lp tru tng Dictionary Dng ni kt nhng kha vo nhng gi tr c th Phng thc khi to Hashtable:
Hashtable(int) Hashtable(int, float) Hashtable( )
Lp Random
To ra nhng s ngu nhin theo thut ton pseudo
Nhng phng thc nhn gi tr ngu nhin:
nextDouble( ) nextFloat( ) nextGaussian( ) nextInt( ) nextLong( )
Lp Vector
Cung cp kh nng co gin cho mng khi thm phn t vo mng Lu tr nhng thnh phn ca kiu Object Mt Vector ring r c th lu tr nhng phn t khc nhau, l nhng instance ca nhng lp khc nhau Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
Vector(int) Vector(int, int) Vector()
lastElement( ) lastIndexOf(Object) lastIndexOf(Object, int) removeAllElements( ) removeElement(Obje ct) removeElementAt(int ) setElementAt(Object, int)
Lp StringTokenizer
C th c dng tch mt chui thnh nhng thnh phn cu thnh ca n (constituent tokens) K t phn cch c th c ch nh khi mt i tng StringTokenizer c khi to Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
StringTokenizer(String) StringTokenizer(String, String) StringTokenizer(String, String, Boolean)
Chng 4
X l bit l
Mc ch ca vic x l bit l
Gim thiu vic kt thc bt thng ca h thng v ca chng trnh. V d, thao tc xut/nhp trong mt tp tin, nu vic chuyn i kiu d liu khng thc hin ng, mt bit l s xy ra v chng trnh b hy m khng ng tp tin. Lc tp tin s b h hi v cc ngun ti nguyn c cp pht cho tp tin khng c thu hi li cho h thng.
X l bit l
Khi mt bit l xy ra, i tng tng ng vi bit l s c to ra. i tng ny sau c truyn ti phng thc ni m bit l xy ra. i tng ny chc cc thng tin chi tit v bit l. Thng tin ny c th nhn c v x l. Lp throwable m Java cung cp l lp trn nht ca lp bit l.
M hnh x l bit l
M hnh c bit n l m hnh catch and throw Khi mt li xy ra, bit l s uc chn v c vo mt khi. T kha x l bit l:
Khi finally
Thc hin tt c cc vic thu dn khi bit l xy ra C th s dng kt hp vi khi try Cha cc cu lnh thu hi ti nguyn v cho h thng hay lnh in ra cc cu thng bo:
GI I THI U V AWT
Toolkit
AWT l tp hp cc lp Java cho php chng ta to mt GUI Cung cp cc mc khc nhau to hot ng v hiu ng GUI nh
Containers Components Layout managers Graphics v drawing capabilities Fonts Events
Components
Tt c cc thnh phn cu to nn chng trnh GUI c gi l component. V d Containers, textfields, labels, checkboxes, textareas scrollbars, scrollpanes, dialog
Containers
L thnh phn m c th cha cc thnh phn khc. c th v v t mu. C cc frames, panes,latches, hooks Java.awt cha mt lp c tn l Container. Lp ny dn xut trc tip v khng trc tip theo 2 cch l:
Frames Panels
Frames
L cc ca s L lp con ca Windows c hin th trong mt ca s v c ng vin
Panels
L cc vng cha trong mt ca s. Hin th trong mt ca s m trnh duyt hoc appletviewer cung cp v khng c ng vin. c s dng nhm mt s cc thnh phn Mt panel khng c sn v th chng ta cn phi thm n vo frame. Hm dng Panel()
Dialog
L mt lp con ca lp Window i tng dialog c cu trc nh sau :
Frame myframe = new Frame(My frame); String title = Title; boolean modal = true; Dialog dlg = new Dialog( myframe, title, modal);
Cc Components khc
V d textfields, labels, checkboxes, textareas scrollbars, scrollpanes, dialog
Label
c dng hin th chui (String) Cc hm dng:
Cc phng thc:
setFont(Font f) setText(String s) getText( )
TextField
L iu khin text cho php hin th text hoc cho user nhp d liu vo. Cc hm dng:
Cc phng thc:
setEchoChar(char) setTest(String s) getText( ) setEditable(boolean) isEditable( )
TextArea
c dng khi text c ni dung t hai dng tr ln L iu khin text c th son tho c vi nhiu dng Cc bc to TextArea:
TextArea (tt)
Cc hm dng:
TextArea( ) TextArea(int rows, int cols ) TextArea(String text) TextArea(String text, int rows, int cols)
Button
Cc nt Push hay Command l cch d nht ly cc s kin ca user Cc bc to button:
To mt phn t button, nn to cho n mt caption ch ra mc ch ca n Ch ra v tr t button trn mn hnh HIn th ra trn mn hnh Button( ) Button(String text)
Cc hm dng:
To mt phn t (element) Khi to gi tr ban u (c gi tr selected hay unselected) Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh Hin th ra mn hnh Checkbox( ) Checkbox(String text)
Cc hm dng to checkbox:
tng
Choice Lists
L p Choice cho php ta to danh sch c nhiu chn la Khi list c to ln u tin, n c khi to l empty Cc bc to danh sch chn la: To mt phn t Thm cc mc (c kiu Strings) vo danh sch , tng mc mt Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh Hin th ra mn hnh V d
Choice colors=new Choice( ); colors.addItem(Red); colors.addItem(Green);
Flow Layout Border Layout Card Layout Grid Layout GridBag Layout
FlowLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho cc applet v cc panel Vi FlowLayout cc thnh phn s c xp xp t gc tri trn n gc phi di ca mn hnh Cc constructor:
FlowLayout mylayout = new FlowLayout(); FlowLayout exLayout = new flowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
BorderLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho Window, Frame v Dialog Trnh qun l ny c th xp xp n 5 thnh phn trong container Cc thnh phn c th c t vo 5 hng NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST v CENTER ca container V d: thm mt thnh phn vo vng North ca container
Button b1= new Button(North Button); setLayout(new BorderLayout( )); add(b1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
CardLayout
C th lu tr mt danh sch cc kiu layout khc nhau Mi layout c xem nh mt th (card) Th thng l i tng Panel Mt thnh phn c lp nh button s iu khin cc th c t pha trn nht Cc bc to CardLayout:
GridLayout
H tr vic chia container thnh mt li Cc thnh phn c b tr trong cc dng v ct Mt li nn cha t nht mt thnh phn Kiu layout ny c s dng khi tt c cc thnh phn c cng kch thc Hm constructor
GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(no. of rows, no. of columns);
GridBagLayout
B tr cc thnh phn mt cch chnh xc Cc thnh phn khng cn c cng kch thc Cc thnh phn c xp xp trong mt li cha cc dng v cc ct Th t t cc thnh phn khng tun theo hng t tri-sang-phi v trnxung-di Hm constructor
GridBagLayout gb = new GridBagLayout( );
GridBagLayout
s dng layout ny, bn cn phi bit thng tin v kch c v cch b tr ca cc thnh phn Lp GridBagLayoutConstraints lu tr tt c cc thng tin m lp GridLayout yu cu: V tr v kch thuc mi thnh phn
X l cc s kin
Cc s kin (Events) c x l bng cc cng c sau:
Abstract Windowing Toolkit Trnh duyt. Cc trnh x l s kin do cc lp trnh vin to ring.
X l cc s kin (tt)
Event Listener s lng nghe mt s kin c th m mt i tng to ra Mi event listener cung cp cc phng thc x l cc s kin ny Lp c ci t listener cn nh ngha nhng phng thc ny
X l cc s kin(tt)
Cc bc cn tun th s dng m hnh Event Listener:
Ci t Listener tng ng Nhn din c tt c cc thnh phn to ra s kin Nhn din c tt c cc s kin c x l Ci t cc phng thc ca listener, v vit cc on m x l s kin trong cc phng thc
KeyEvent
ActionListener AdjustmentListener ComponentListener FocusListener ItemListener WindowListener TextListener MouseListener MouseMotionListener KeyListener
Menus
Cc loi menu :
Menubar MenuItems
Chng VI
Applets
Applets
L mt chng trnh Java m chy vi s h tr ca trnh duyt web Tt c cc applets l lp con ca lp Applet to mt applet, bn cn import hai gi sau:
java.applet java.awt
Cu trc applet
nh ngha mt applet t bn s kin xy ra trong qu trnh thc thi i vi mi s kin c nh ngha bi mt phng thc tng ng. Cc phng thc:
init( ) start( ) stop( ) destroy( )
Cc phng thc init(), start(), stop(), destroy(), and paint() c tha k t applet. Mi phng thc ny mc nh l rng. V th cc phng thc ny phi c np chng.
Lp ha
c cung cp bi gi AWT Cung cp mt tp hp cc phng thc v nh sau:
Oval Rectangle Square Circle Lines Text in different fonts
Graphical Background
Cc phng thc v nn :
getGraphics( ) repaint( ) update(Graphics g) paint(Graphics g)
V cc hnh th
Phng thc c s dng v ng thng nh sau
C php drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
draw3DRect(int xCoord, int yCoord, int width, int height, boolean raised); drawArc(int xCoord, int yCoord, int width, int height, int arcwidth, int archeight); fillArc(int xCoord, int yCoord, int width, int height, int arcwidth, int archeight);
Drawing PolyLines
Cc phng thc c s dng v nhiu c thng C php
drawPolyline(int xArray[ ], int yArray[ ], int totalPoints); g.setFont(new Font("Times Roman", Font.BOLD,15));
V v t cc hnh a gic
Cc phng thc v v t cc hnh a gic C php
Mu
Java s dng mu RGB Bng cc gi tr mu
Element Red Green Blue
C php ca hm dng to mt mu
color(int red, int green, int blue);
Font
Gi java.awt package cung cp bi lp Font Cc phng thc ca lp Font:
Tn font trong chui nh dng; tn ny c trong phng thc getFontList( ). Kiu ca font. V d nh: Font.BOLD, Font.PLAIN, Font.ITALIC Kch thc ca font.
V d
Font f1 = new Font("SansSerif", Font.ITALIC, 16); g.setFont(f1);
Lp FontMetrics
o lng cc k t khc nhau hin th trong cc font khc nhau. Vic o lng bao gm height, baseline, ascent, descent v leading ca font. N khng c th v n l mt lp tru tng
Kiu v
Cc i tng v c s dng. Method used to make old and new contents visible on the screen setXORMode(Color c) Method used to revert to the overwrite mode setPaintMode( )
Chng VII
Lp trnh a tuyn
Tuyn
Lp trnh a tuyn l mt c trng ca Java Tuyn l n v nh nht ca on m c th thi hnh c m thc hin mt cng vic ring bit
a tuyn
L kh nng lm vic vi nhiu tuyn a tuyn chuyn s dng cho vic thc thi nhiu cng vic ngthi a tuyn gim thi gian ri ca h thng n mc thp nht.
Dn xut t lp Thread
Vng i ca mt tuyn
tuyn Daemon(ngm)
Hai kiu tuyn trong mt chng trnh Java:
Cc tuyn ngi s dng
tuyn ngm
tuyn ngm dn rc
a tuyn vi Applets
Cc chng trnh Java da trn Applet thng s dng nhiu hn mt tuyn Trong a tuyn vi Applets, Lp java.applet.Applet l lp con c to ra mt Applet ngi s dng nh ngha n khng th thc hin c trc tip lp con ca lp tuyn trong cc applet Con ng lp con s dng lp tuyn:
S dng mt i tng ca tuyn ngi s dng nh ngha, m, ln lt, dn xut lp tuyn Thc thi chy giao tip (interface)
S ng b tuyn
Thm nhp cc ti nguyn/d liu bi nhiu tuyn S ng b (Synchronization) S quan st (Monitor) Mutex
M ng b
thm nhp s quan st ca mt i tng, lp trnh vin s dng t kha synchronized gi mt phng thc hiu chnh (modified method) Khi mt tuyn ang c thc thi trong phm vi mt phng thc ng b (synchronized), bt k tuyn khc hoc phng thc ng b khc m c gng gi n trong thi gian s phi i
final void wait( ) throws IOException final void notify( ) final void notifyAll( )
Trng thi ca monitor s c kim tra trong mt vng lp while tt hn l cu lnh if Sau khi thay i trng thi ca monitor, phng thc notifyAll() s c s dng, tt hn phng thc notify().
S b tt (Deadlocks)
Mt deadlock (s b tt) xy ra khi hai tuyn c mt ph thuc vng quanh trn mt cp i tng ng b N kh g li mt b tt bi nhng nguyn nhn sau: N him khi xy ra, khi hai tuyn chia nh thi gian trong cng mt con ng N c th bao hm nhiu hn hai tuyn v hai i tng ng b Nu mt chng trnh a tuyn kha kn thng xuyn, ngay lp tc kim tra li iu
Thu dn collection)
rc
(Garbage
Ci to hoc lm trng b nh nh v cho cc i tng m cc i tng ny khng s dng trong thi gian di S dn rc thc thi nh l mt tuyn ring bit c quyn u tin thp S dng cu lnh sau tt i s dn rc trong ng dng: java noasyncgc
Java cung cp mt con ng lm sch mt tin trnh trc khi iu khin tr li h iu hnh Phng thc finalize(), nu hin din, s c thc thi trn mi i tng, trc khi s dn rc Cu lnh ca phng thc finalize() nh sau :
Chng VIII
Cc lung I/O
Cc lung
Cc lung l nhng ng ng dn gi v nhn thng tin trong cc chng trnh java. Khi mt lung c hoc ghi , cc lung khc b kho. Nu li xy ra trong khi c hoc ghi lung, mt ngoi l s kch hot. Lp java.lang.System nh ngha lung nhp v xut chun.
Cc lp lung I/O
Lp System.out. Lp System.in. Lp System.err.
Lp InputStream
L lp tru tng nh ngha cch nhn d liu Cung cp s phng thc dng c v cc lung d liu lm u vo. Cc phng thc:
read( ) available( ) close ( ) mark ( ) markSupported( ) reset( ) skip( )
Lp OutputStream
L lp tru tng. nh ngha cch ghi d liu vo lung. Cung cp tp cc phng thc tr gip. trong vic to, ghi v x l cc lung xut. Cc phng thc:
Khng h tr cc phng thc mi Cc phng thc np chng ca lp InputStream, ging nh read(), skip(), available() v reset().
Cc lp nhp/xut tp tin
Cc lp ny tr gip trong Java h tr cc thao tc nhp v xut:
Cc lp File, FileDescriptor, v RandomAccessFile c s dng h tr trc tip hoc truy cp nhp/xut ngu nhin.
Lp tp tin
c s dng truy cp cc i tng tp tin v thw mc Nhng tp tin c tn c t tn theo qui c ca h iu hnh ch Lp ny cung cp phng thc khi to to ra cc th mc v tp tin Tt c cc thao tc th mc v tp tin u c s dng cc phng thc truy cp v cc phng thc th mc m cc lp tp tin cung cp
Lp FileDescriptor
Cung cp vic truy cp ti cc tp tin m t Khng cung cp bt k tnh r nt no ti thng tin m h iu hnh duy tr. Cung cp ch mt phng thc gi l valid( )
Lp FileInputStream
Cho php u vo c t mt tp tin trong mt mu ca mt dng Cc i tng c to ra s dng chui tn tp tin, tp tin, i tng FileDescriptor nh mt tham s. Cc phng thc np chng ca lp InputStream. n cung cp phng thc finalize( ) v getFD( )
Lp FileOutputStream
Cho php kt xut ghi ra mt lung tp tin Cc i tng cng to ra s dng mt chui tn tp tin, tp tin, hay i tng FileDescriptor nh mt tham s. Lp ny np chng cc phng thc ca lp OutputStream v cung cp phng thc finalize( ) v getFD( )
Nhp xut lc
Lc: L kiu lung sa i cch iu qun mt lung hin c. v c bn c s dng thch ng cc lung theo cc nhu cu ca chng trnh c th. B lc nm gia lung nhp v lung xut. Thc hin mt s tin trnh t bit trn cc byte c chuyn giao t u vo n kt xut. C th phi hp thc hin mt dy cc tu chn lc.
Lp FilterInputStream
L lp tru tng. L cha ca tt c cc lp lung nhp lc. Cung cp kh nng to ra mt lung t lung khc. Mt lung c th c v cung cp cung cp di dng kt xut cho lung khc. duy tr mt dy cc i tng ca lp InputStream Cho php to ra nhiu b lc kt xch (chained filters ).
Lp FilterOutputStream
L dng b tr cho lp FilterInputStream. L cha ca tt c cc lp lung kt xut. Duy tr i tng ca lp OutputStream nh l mt bin out. D liu ghi ra lp ny c th sa i thc hin cc thao tc lc, v sau phn hi n i tng OutputStream.
Vng m nhp/xut
Vng m: L kho lu tr d liu. C th cung cp d liu thay v quay tr li ngun d liu gc ban u. Java s dng vng m nhp v kt xut tm thi lp cache d liu c c hoc ghi vo mt lung. Trong khi thc hin vng m nhp:
S lng byte ln c c cng thi im, v lu tr trong mt vng m nhp. Khi chng trnh c lung nhp, cc byte nhp c c vo vng m nhp.
Lp BufferedInputStream
T ng to ra v duy tr vng m h tr vng m nhp. bi lp BufferedInputStream l mt b m, n c th p ng cho mt s cc i tng nht nh ca lp InputStream. Cng c th phi hp cc tp tin u vo khc. S dng vi bin trin khai vng m nhp.
Lp BufferedInputStream (Contd)
nh ngha hai phng thc thit lp:
C hai phng thc thit lp u tip nhn mt i tng ca lp InputStream nh mt tham s. Np chng cc phng thc truy cp m InputStream cung cp, v khng a vo bt k phng thc mi no.
Lp BufferedOutputStream
Thc hin vng m kt xut theo cch tng ng vi lp BufferedInputStream. nh ngha hai phng thc thit lp. N cho php chng ta n nh kch thc ca vng m xut trong mt phng thc thit lp, cng ging nh cung cp kch thc vng m mc nh. Np chng tt c phng thc ca lp OutputStream v khng a vo bt k phng thc no.
Lp Reader v Writer
L cc lp tru tng. Chng nm ti nh ca h phn cp lp, h tr vic c v ghi cc lung k t unicode.
Lp Reader
H tr cc phng thc sau:
Lp Writer
H tr cc phng thc sau :
getBuffer( ) toString( )
Lp PrinterWriter
Thc hin mt kt xut. Lp ny c phng thc b sung , tr gip in cc kiu d liu c bn . Lp PrintWriter thay th lp PrintStream Thc t ci thin lp PrintStream; lp ny dng mt du tch dng ph thuc nn tng im cc dng thay v k t \n. Cung cp phn h tr cho cc k t unicode so vi PrintStream. Cc phng thc:
checkError( )
boolean readBoolean( float readFloat( ) ) int readInt( ) byte readByte( ) double readDouble char readChar( ) short readShort( ) long readLong( ) String readUTF( ) String readLine( )
Lp RandomAccessFile
Cung cp kh nng thc hin I/O theo cc v tr c th bn trong mt tp tin. d liu c th c hoc ghi ngu nhin nhng v tr bn trong tp tin thay vi mt kho lu tr thng tin lin tc. phng thc seek( ) h tr truy cp ngu nhin. Thc hin c u vo v u ra d liu. H tr cc cp php c v ghi tp tin c bn. K tha cc phng thc t cc lp
Gi java.awt.print
Gm c cc giao din
Pageable:
nh ngha cc phng thc dng cc i tng biu th cc trang s c in. Ch nh s trang c in, v trang hin ti hay l tranh gii trang c in Chi nh phng thc print( ) s dng in mt trang trn i tng Graphics Cung cp kh nng truy cp i tng PrinterJob
Printable:
PrinterGraphics:
Chng IX
KT NI CSDL Java Database Connectivity
Tng quan
JDBC cung cp tp cc lp v interface cho php chng trnh Java c th ni chuyn c vi h CSDL Tp cc lp ca JDBC c th lm vic c vi mi h csdl.
C 3 bc chnh kt ni CSDL.
Np database drivers To ni kt, To i tng Connection To i tng Statement thc thi cc lnh sql..
V d
try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:ATM"); Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); : : : :
Database URL
Database URL l mt chui c dng kt ni csdl. c php :
jdbc:subprotocol name:other_stuff
The subprotocol name c dng tu vo loi driver s dng kt ni csdl. v d : subprotocol name l odbc nu driver l cu ni jdbcodbc Other_stuff cng ph thuc vo loi driver no c s dng. v d nu driver l cu ni jdbcodbc th thnh phn ny l tn ca i tng ODBC
Database Driver
Bo m ng dng java tng tc vi mi csdl di mt cch thc chun v duy nht. Bo m nhng yu cu t chng trnh s c biu din trong csdl di mt ngn ng m csdl hiu c nhn cc yu cu t client, chuyn n n vo nh dng m csdl c th hiu c v th hin trong csdl. Nhn cc phn hi, chuyn n ngc li nh dng d liu java v th hin trong ng dng.
Np Driver
Lp DriverManager chu trch nhim np driver v to kt ni n csdl.
DriverManager.registerDriver(new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver());
hoc Class.forName(String);
This returns the object associated with the class with the given string name. Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver); Equivalent to: new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver();
If you have a driver from another vendor, then find out the class name of that driver and load it instead.
JDBC Driver
C 4 loi JDBC Driver Loi 1: JDBC/ODBC Loi 2: Native-API Loi 3: Open Protocol-Net Loi 4: Proprietary-Protocol-Net Loi 2,3,4 ni chung c vit bi nh cung cp csdl. hiu qu hn loi 1 nhng thc hin phc tp hn.
Loi I JDBC/ODBC
jdk h tr cu ni jdbc-odbc (jdbc-odbc bridge). Mm do nhng khng hiu qu.
Aplication Aplication JDBC Driver JDBC Driver ODBC Driver ODBC Driver
Network Interface Client
Disk Disk
Network Interface
Database Database
Server
Loi 2: Native-API
Tt hn loi 1, loi ny cho php JDBC giao tip trc tip vi cc driver hay cc hm API ca CSDL.
Aplication Aplication JDBC Driver JDBC Driver
Native Database Library Native Database Library
Client
Disk Disk
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database Database
Server
Disk Disk
Network Interface
Disk Disk
Network Interface
Database Database
Server
Gi Java.sql
Cung cp tp hp cc lp v interface dng trao i vi CSDL.
Cc lp
DriverManager Date, Time Timestamp Types
Cc Interfaces
i tng Statement
i tng Connection cha lin kt trc tip n csdl. S dng i tng Connection to i tng Statement.
Statement s = con.createStatement();
i tng ny c nhim v gi cc cu lnh sql n csdl. executeQuery(String) or executeUpdate(String) method Cng mt i tng Statement c th s dng cho nhiu cu lnh sql khc
The executeQuery()
Nhn cu lnh SQL (select) lm i s, tr li i tng ResultSet
ResultSet
Cha mt hoc nhiu hng d liu t vic thc hin cu lnh truy vn. C th ly d liu tng hng d liu mt trong ResultSet. S dng phng thc next() di chuyn n hng d liu tip theo trong ResultSet. Hm next() tr li true ch rng hng cha d liu, tr li false hng cui khng cha d liu. Thc hin while (rs.next()){ // examine a row from the results }
V d :
String isbn = rs.getString(1); // Column 1 float price = rs.getDouble(Price);
ResultSet Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SQLString); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount(); getColumnName(int column)
Prepared Statements
To execute a Statement object many times, it will reduce execution time to use PreparedStatement object PreparedStatement object
unlike a Statement object, it is given an SQL statement when it is created. The advantage to this is that in most cases, this SQL statement will be sent to the DBMS right away, where it will be compiled. As a result, the PreparedStatement object contains not just an SQL statement, but an SQL statement that has been precompiled. This means that when the PreparedStatement is
Database Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v csdl.
Chng trnh mu
try{ Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Accserver"); Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(args[0]); ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount(); for(int j=1; j<=numberOfColumns;j++) { System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnLabel(j)); } while(rs.next()) { for(int i=1; i<=numberOfColumns;i++){ System.out.println(rs.getObject(i)); }} rs.close(); stmt.close(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Error " + e);