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Welcome to Java Programming!
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1.
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12.
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// Fig. 2-1: Welcome1.java

// A first program in Java.
E2-1 F
public class Welcome1 {

// main method begins execution of Java application
public static void main( String args [ ] )
{
System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );
} // end method main
} // end class Welcome1
E2-1F
Welcome to Java Programming! E2-1F

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capital small -1

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// A first program in Java
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Welcome to Java Programming! W

1. // Fig. 2-3: Welcome2.java
2. // Printing a of text line with multiple statements.
3.
4. public class Welcome2 {
5.
6. // main method begins execution of Java application
7. public static void main( String args[ ] )
8. {
9.
System.out.print( "Welcome to " );
10. System.out.println( "Java Programming!" );
11. } // end method main
12. } // end class Welcome2
E2-3F
E2-1F
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// Printing a of text line with multiple statements.

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System.out.print( "Welcome to " );
System.out.println( "Java Programming!" );
--
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12. } // end class Welcome3

Welcome
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E2-4F
E2-4F
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--
Welcome t o Java Programming! :
// Printing multiple lines with a single statement.
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methods JOptionPane class

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1. // Fig. 2-6 : Welcome4.java
2. // Printing multiple lines in a dialog box
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4. // Java extension packages
5. import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import class JOptionPane
7.
10.
11.
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
12.
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13.
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15.
16.
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--
E2-6F
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--

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E2-8F
1. // Fig. 2-8 : Addition.java

2. // An addition program.
3.
5. import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import class JOptionPane
6.
7. public class Addition {
8.
10.
public static void main( String args[ ] )
11.
{
12.
String firstNumber; // first string entered by user
13.
String secondNumber; // second string entered by user
14.
int number1;
// first number to add
15.
int number2;
// second number to add
16.
int sum;
// sum of number1 and number2
17.
18.
// read in first number from user as a string
19.
firstNumber =
20.
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter first integer" );
21.
--
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
// read in second number from user as a string

secondNumber =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter second integer" );
// convert numbers from type String to type int
number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );
number2 = Integer.parseInt( secondNumber );
// add the numbers
sum = number1 + number2;
// display the results
null, "The sum is " + sum, "Results",
JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE );
} // end class Addition
E2-8F
--
// Fig. 2-8 : Addition.java

// An addition program.
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secondNumber; // second string entered by user
14
15
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int number1;
int number2;
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// first number to add

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// and sum of number1 numbe
--
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23 secondNumber =
24
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26 number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );

27 number2 = Integer.parseInt( secondNumber )
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f=f/3
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--
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1. // Fig. 2.14 Increment.java
2. // Preincrementing and postincrementing
3.
4. public class Increment {
5. public static void main( String args[] )
6. {
7. int c;
8.
9. c = 5;
10. System.out.println( c ); // print 5
11. System.out.println( c++ ); // print 5 then postincrement
13.
14. System.out.println();
// skip a line
15.
16. c = 5;
18. System.out.println( ++c ); // preincrement then print 6
20. }
21. }
E2.14F
--

10
5c
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11
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16
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a * (b+c)a
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y=mx+b
z= pr % q + w/x
y=x +bx +c
y=m*x +b;
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612435

y = a * x * x + b * x + c
J
612435
--
W
a=2 , b=3 , c=7 , x=5
2 * 5 = 10
10 * 5 = 50
3 * 5 = 15
50 + 15 = 65
y = 2 * 5 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;
y = 10 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;
y = 50 + 3 * 5 + 7;
y = 50 + 15 + 7;
y = 65 + 7;
65 + 7 = 72
y = 72;

Y = (a * x * x) + ( b * x ) + c ;

--

java
&&
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--
1. // Fig. 2.17 : Logical.java

2. // Logical Operator
3. public class Logical
4. {
5. public static void main ( String [] args )
6. {
7. //declare & initialize test variable
8. boolean a = true , b = false ;
9. boolean c1 =(a && a);
// test if both are true
10. boolean c2 =(a && b);
11. boolean c3 =(b && b);
12.
13. boolean c4 =(a || a) ;
//test if either is true
14. boolean c5 =(a || b);
15. boolean c6 =(b || b);
16.
17. boolean c7 = !a;
// invert initial values
18. boolean c8 = !b;
19.
20. // display the results
21. System.out.println (and:\n1:+c1+2:+c2+3:+c3);
22. System.out.println (or:\n4:+c4+5:+c5+6:+c6);
23. System.out.println (not:\n7:+c7+8:+c8);
24. }
25. }
E2.17F
--

true ba boolean 8
Kfalse
9,10,11
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13,14,15
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17,18
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21,22,23
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--
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K
K
1. // Fig. 2.20: Comparison.java
2. // Compare integers using if structures, relational operators
3. // and equality operators.
4.
6. import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
7.
8. public class Comparison {
9.
12. {
13. String firstNumber;
14. String secondNumber;
15. String result;
16. int number1;
17. int number2;
18.
19. // read first number from user as a String
20. firstNumber =
21. JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter first integer:" );
22.
23. // read second number from user as a String
24. secondNumber =
25. JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter second integer:" );
26.
27. // convert numbers from type String to type int
28. number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );
29. number2 = Integer.parseInt( secondNumber );
30.
31. // initialize result to empty String
32.
33. result = "";
34. if ( number1 == number2 )
35. result = number1 + " == " + number2;
36.
37. if ( number1 != number2 )
38. result = number1 + " != " + number2;
39.
--
40. if ( number1 < number2 )

41. result = result + "\n" + number1 + " < " + number2;
42.
43. if ( number1 > number2 )
44. result = result + "\n" + number1 + " > " + number2;
45.
46. if ( number1 <= number2 )
47. result = result + "\n" + number1 + " <= " + number2;
48.
49. if ( number1 >= number2 )
50. result = result + "\n" + number1 + " >= " + number2;
51.
52. // Display results
53.
54. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
55. null, result, "Comparison Results",
56. JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );
57. System.exit( 0 ); // terminate application
58.
60.
61. } // end class Comparison
--
E2.20F
--

8 Comparison
public class Comparison {
5911 main
String firstNumber;
String secondNumber;
String result;
int number1;
int number2;
1713
main
String
firstNumber
secondNumber
result
int
number1
number2

String firstNumber , secondNumber , result;
firstNumber =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter first integer:" );
--
20-21
firstNumber
string
24-25
secondNumber =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter second integer:" );

StringsecondNumber
28-29
number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );

number2 = Integer.parseInt( secondNumber );
int String
firstNumber 28
number1
secondNumber 29
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33
result = "";
result empty string
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WE
if ( c < 7 );
JoptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, c is less than 7);
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ifE3-1F
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b 90a:
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System.out.println ( d );
else
System.out.println ( f );
.
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you must take this course again f
else
{
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System.out.println ( you must take this course again );
}

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- -
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Wswitch
switch (switch-expression)
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switchE3-3F
- -
1. // Fig. 3.4 : Month.java

2. // Class Month program with switch statements.
5.
6. public class Month {
9. {
10. int month; // number of month number entered
11. String input; // month number typed by user
12. String name;
// name of month
13.
14. // Processing phase
15. // prompt for input and read Month number from user
16. input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
17. "Enter Month number" );
18. // convert grade from a String to an integer
19. month = Integer.parseInt( input );
20. switch ( month )
21. {
22. case 1:name="JAN";break;
23. case 2:name="FEB";break;
24. case 3:name="MAR";break;
25. case 4:name="APR";break;
26. case 5:name="MAY";break;
27. case 6:name="JUN";break;
28. case 7:name="JUL";break;
29. case 8:name="AUG";break;
30. case 9:name="SEP";break;
31. case 10:name="OCT";break;
32. case 11:name="NOV";break;
33. case 12:name="DEC";break;
34.
35. default :name=" invalid Month number ";
36. }
37.
38. // display name of month number
39. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
40. "the Month is " + name ,
41. "Class Month", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );
42.
44.
46.
- -
switchE3-4F

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Kname FEB name="FEB";
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"Class Month", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

- -
while

true
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Print "Hello world"
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int i= 1 ;
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{
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i+=1;
}
while
: J
i: J
i: J
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int sum = 0 ;
int i = 1
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{
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}
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while:
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.
Whilewhile
reserved keywords
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.
- -

1. // Fig. 3.6: Average1.java
2. // Class average program with counter-controlled repetition.
5.
6. public class Average1 {
9. {
10. int total,
// sum of grades input by user
11. gradeCounter, // number of grades entered
12. gradeValue, // grade value
13. average;
// average of all grades
14. String grade;
// grade typed by user
15.
16. // Initialization Phase
17. total = 0;
// clear total
18. gradeCounter = 1; // prepare to loop
19.
20. // Processing Phase
21. while ( gradeCounter <= 10 ) { // loop 10 times
22.
23. // prompt for input and read grade from user
24. grade = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
25. "Enter integer grade: " );
27. gradeValue = Integer.parseInt( grade );
28.
29. // add gradeValue to total
30. total = total + gradeValue;
31.
32. // add 1 to gradeCounter
33. gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1;
34.
35. } // end while structure
36.
37. // Termination Phase
38. average = total / 10; // perform integer division
39.
40. // display average of exam grades
42. "Class average is " + average, "Class Average",
44. System.exit( 0 ); // terminate the program
46. } // end class Average1
- -
whileE3-6F
- -
import javax.swing.JOptionPane ;
JOptionPane
6 public class Averagel {
mainAveragel
1410(458) main

total , gradeCounter , gradeValue , average
integer
String grade

gradegradeValue
.
main
.main
K

18,17
total = 0;
// clear total
gradeCounter = 1; // prepare to loop
gradeCounter , total
.10
21
while ( gradeCounter < = 10 ) {

gradeCounterwhile
.10
K {
- -
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24gradeCounter
25
grade = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter integer grade: " );
27gradeValue grade
gradeValue = Integer . parseInt ( grade ) ;
java.langInteger
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30
total = total + gradeValue ;
gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1;
total
33
35

while
}
10gradeCounter 3521
38
average = total / 10;
.10 total
- -
4241
43 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "Class average is " + average,

"Class Average", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );
10 =

while ( gradeCounter < = 10 )
.10

while ( gradeCounter ! = - 1 )
{
//
}

1. // Fig. 3.7: Average2.java
2. // Class average program with sentinel-controlled repetition.
5. public class Average2 {
8. {
9. int gradeCounter, // number of grades entered
10. gradeValue, // grade value
11. total;
// sum of grades
12. double average; // average of all grades
13. String input;
// grade typed by user
- -
14. // Initialization phase

15. total = 0;
// clear total
16. gradeCounter = 0; // prepare to loop
17. // Processing phase
20. "Enter Integer Grade, -1 to Quit:" );
21. gradeValue = Integer.parseInt( input );
22. while ( gradeValue != -1 ) {
23. total = total + gradeValue;
24. gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1;
25.
28. "Enter Integer Grade, -1 to Quit:" );
29.
31. gradeValue = Integer.parseInt( input );
32. }
33. if ( gradeCounter != 0 ) {
34. average = (double) total / gradeCounter;
35.
36. // display average of exam grades
38. "Class average is " + average,
39. "Class Average", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );
40. }
41. else
43. "No grades were entered", "Class Average",
47. } // end class Average2
- -
whileE3-7F

21J 19
input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter Integer Grade, -1 to Quit:" );
gradeValue = Integer.parseInt( input );
while
while (gradeValue ! = -1 )
{
//
}
J
23gradeValue ! = -1
total = total + gradeValue ;
total
- -
24
gradeValue = gradeValue + 1 ;
input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter Integer Grade, -1 to Quit:" );
31J 27
// convert grade from a String to an integer

gradeValue = Integer.parseInt( input );
Kint
4033
if ( gradeCounter != 0 ) {
average = (double) total / gradeCounter;
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Class average is " + average,
"Class Average", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );
}
gradeCounter

(double )
intgradeCounter , total
.(double )
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44J 42
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( class average , JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE ) ;

45
System.exit ( 0 ) ;
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1. import javax.swing.JOptionPane ;
2. public class TestDo {
3. public static void main ( String [ ] args )
4. {
5. String input ;
6. int data ;
7. int sum = 0 ;
8. do
9. {
10. input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog ( " enter number " ) ;
11. data =Integer.parseInt ( input ) ;
12. sum += data ;
13. } while ( data != 0 ) ;
14. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( null , " the sum is " + sum ) ;
15. System.exit ( 0 ) ;
16. }
17. }
do/whileE3-9F
- -
.
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data =Integer.parseInt ( input ) ;
intString
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sum
} while ( data ! = 0 ) ;
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sum
System.exit ( 0 )
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{
//
}
i = 0.01f
true
i <= 1.0f
false
sum = sum + i
i = i+1
forE3-10F
1. class TestSum
2. {
3. public static void main ( String [ ] args )
4. {
5. float sum =0;
6. for ( float i = 0.01f ; i <= 1.0f ; i = i + 0.01f )
7. sum += i ;
8. System.out.println ( " the summation is " + sum ) ;
9. }
10. }
forE3-11F
- -

1.00.01
5
float sum =0;
floatsum
6
for ( float i = 0.01f ; i <= 1.0f ; i = i + 0.01f )
:for

float i = 0.01f
0.01
i < = 1.0f
1.0i
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i = i + 0.01f
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0.01 + 0.02 + 0.03 + ----------- + 0.1
- -
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7777 J
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2220J
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20 , 17 , 14 ,11 , 8 , 5 , 2 J
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11,22, 33 , 44 , 55 , 66 , 77 , 88 , 99J
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for
Ksyntax error
for
- -
1. class TestMultable
2. {
3. public static void main ( string [ ] args )
4. {
5. // display the title
6. System.out.println ( "
multiplication table " ) ;
7. System.out.println ( " ---------------------------------------------- " );
8. // display the number title
9.
10. System.out.print ( " | " ) ;
11. for ( int j=1 ; j <= 9; j ++ )
12. System.out.print ( " " + j ) ;
13. System.out.println ( " " ) ;
14.
15. // print table body
16. for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i ++ )
17. {
18. System.out.print ( i + " | " ) ;
19. for ( int j = 1 ; j <= 9 ; j ++ )
20. {
21.
22. // display the product and align properly
23.
24. if ( i * j < 10 )
25. System.out.print ( " " + i* j ) ;
26. else
27. System.out.print ( " " + i * j ) ;
28. }
29. System.out.println ( " " ) ;
30. }
31. }
32. }
E3-12F
- -

System.out.println ( "
multiplication table " ) ;

multiplication table
System.out.println ( " ---------------------------------------------- " );

J J J J J J J J J J J J J
for ( int j=1 ; j <= 9; j ++ )

System.out.print ( " " + j ) ;
91

.jifor
jj*ii
9 1
if ( i*j < 10 )
10jiif
System.out.print ( + i*j ) ;
.i*j
10i*j
- -
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System.out.print ( + i*j ) ;

System.out.println ( ) ;

break continue
break
switch , do/while , for , while
break
.switch
break
- -

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
// Fig. 3.13: BreakTest.java

// Using the break statement in a for structure
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class BreakTest {

10. {
11. String output = "";
12. int count;
13.
14. // loop 10 times
15. for ( count = 1; count <= 10; count++ ) {
16.
17. // if count is 5, terminate loop
18. if ( count == 5 )
19. break; // break loop only if count == 5
20.
21. output += count + " ";
22.
23. } // end for structure
24.
25. output += "\nBroke out of loop at count = " + count;
26. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, output );
27.
29.
31.
32. } // end class BreakTest
breakE3-13F
- -
:
for18if
195countif
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25
output + = in broke out of loop at count = + count ;
countoutput
26
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( null , output ) ;
continuecontinue
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continuecontinue
.
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29
Output + = count + ;
6count
breakcontinue
- -

1. // Fig. 3.14: ContinueTest.java
2. // Using the continue statement in a for structure
5.
6. public class ContinueTest {
7.
10. {
12.
13. // loop 10 times
14. for ( int count = 1; count <= 10; count++ ) {
15. // if count is 5, continue with next iteration of loop
16. if ( count == 5 )
17. continue; // skip remaining code in loop
18. // only if count == 5
19. output += count + " ";
21. output += "\nUsed continue to skip printing 5";
22. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, output );
25. } // end class ContinueTest
continueE3-14F
- -
continue break
break
switchdo/whilefor while
do/whilefor whilelabeled break

switch
F
Stop : {
//
}
labeled break
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- -

1. // Fig. 3.15: BreakLabelTest.java
2. // Using the break statement with a label
3.
6.
7. public class BreakLabelTest {
8.
11. {
13.
14. stop: { // labeled block
15.
16. // count 10 rows
17. for ( int row = 1; row <= 10; row++ ) {
18. // count 5 columns
19. for ( int column = 1; column <= 5 ; column++ ) {
20.
21. // if row is 5, jump to end of "stop" block
22. if ( row == 5 )
23. break stop; // jump to end of stop block
24.
25. output += "* ";
26.
27. } // end inner for structure
28.
29. output += "\n";
30.
31. } // end outer for structure
32.
33. // the following line is skipped
34. output += "\nLoops terminated normally";
35.
36. } // end labeled block
37.
39. null, output,"Testing break with a label",
41.
43.
45.
46. } // end class BreakLabelTest
- -
breakE3-15F
F3614
EW
14
stop: { // labeled block
for
output += "\nLoops terminated normally";

Loop terminated normallyoutput.
5row
- -

if ( row == 5 )
break stop; // jump to end of stop block
for for

K
rowF4for W
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continue
labeled continuecontinue
K structurelabeled repetition
K

1. // Fig. 3.16: ContinueLabelTest.java
2. // Using the continue statement with a label
3.
6.
7. public class ContinueLabelTest {
8.
11. {
13.
14. nextRow: // target label of continue statement
15.
16. // count 5 rows
17. for ( int row = 1; row <= 5; row++ ) {
18. output += "\n";
19.
20. // count 10 columns per row
21. for ( int column = 1; column <= 10; column++ ) {
22.
23. // if column greater than row, start next row
24. if ( column > row )
- -
25. continue nextRow; // next iteration of

26.
27. // labeled loop
28.
29. output += "* ";
30.
31. } // end inner for structure
32.
33. } // end outer for structure
34.
36. null, output,"Testing continue with a label",
38.
40.
42.
43. } // end class ContinueLabelTest
continue E3-16F
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sumfor991_
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2
3
public static void main ( String args [ ] )
4
{
5
for ( int i = 1; i <= 10; i++ ) {
6
7
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8
System.out.print ('@' );
9
10
11
12
}
13
14
}
15
16 }
J 4
for ( i = 1; i <= 5; i++ ) {

for ( j = 1; j <= 3; j++ ) {
for ( k = 1; k <= 4; k++ ) {
System.out.print ( ' * ' );
}
}
J
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******
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*****
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*******
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-
4
5
+ 4+
3
4
9
4
11
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3.14159
- -
1 public class Mystery2 {

2
3
public static void main ( string args [ ] )
4
{
5
int count = 1;
6
7
while ( count <= 10 ) {
8
System.out.println (
9
count % 2 = = 1 ? "****" : "++++++++" );
10
++count;
11
}
12
}
13 }
1 public class Mystery3 {

2
3
public static void main ( String args [ ] )
4
{
5
int row = 10, column;
6
7
while ( row >= 1 ) {
8
column = 1;
9
10
while ( column <= 10 ) {
11
System.out.print (row % 2 = = 1 ? "<" : ">" );
12
++column;
13
}
14
15
--row;
16
System.out.println( );
17
}
18
}
19 }
- -
JDKJava 2 Software Development KitW

K1.4
IDEIntegrated Development EnvironmentW

K
Sun Forte
F Microsystems
JDKIDEE
KJDKForte
Forte
Forte J
EA-1F
- -
New fileJ
NewEA-2F
K
EA-2F
TemplateJ
EA-3F
KKK
Classes
Main
K
Name
EA-3F
Finish Next
EA-4F

Yes
EA-4F
- -
EA-5F

Main
K
Main
EA-5F
CompilationJ
F9CompileBuildEA-6F

EA-6F
Test Error CompilingTest

EA-6FK
EA-6F
- -
Finished Test
Kclass
Shift+f10BuildBuildBuild
EA-7F
EA-7)
F6BuildExecute
EA-8F
EA-9FOutput Window
EA-9F
JApplet
Classes
EA-10F
- -
JApplet
SwitchTest
Finish
EA-10F
EA-11F

EA-11F
Yes
EA-12F
EA-12F
- -
Buildcompile
HTMLForte
appletviewer
WEA-13)
1. // Fig. A.13: SwitchTest.java
2. // Drawing lines, rectangles or ovals based on user input.
3.
4. // Java core packages
5. import java.awt.Graphics;
6.
8. import javax.swing.*;
9.
10. public class SwitchTest extends JApplet {
11. int choice; // user's choice of which shape to draw
12.
13. // initialize applet by obtaining user's choice
14. public void init()
15. {
16. String input; // user's input
17.
18. // obtain user's choice
20. "Enter 1 to draw lines\n" +
21. "Enter 2 to draw rectangles\n" +
22. "Enter 3 to draw ovals\n" );
23.
24. // convert user's input to an int
25. choice = Integer.parseInt( input );
26. }
27.
28. // draw shapes on applet's background
29. public void paint( Graphics g )
30. {
31. // call inherited version of method paint
32. super.paint( g );
33.
34. // loop 10 times, counting from 0 through 9
35. for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
36.
37. // determine shape to draw based on user's choice
38. switch ( choice ) {
39.
40. case 1:
- -
41. g.drawLine( 10, 10, 250, 10 + i * 10 );

42. break; // done processing case
43.
44. case 2:
45. g.drawRect( 10 + i * 10, 10 + i * 10,
46. 50 + i * 10, 50 + i * 10 );
48. case 3
49. g.drawOval( 10 + i * 10, 10 + i * 10,
50. 50 + i * 10, 50 + i * 10 );
52. default:
53. g.drawString( "Invalid value entered",
54. 10, 20 + i * 15 );
55.
56. } // end switch structure
57.
59.
60. } // end paint method
61.
62. } // end class SwitchTest
- -
EA-13F
- -
141

Applets
Application
Applet
Applet container
Java 2 Software Development Kit
KApplet Viewer
KNetscape 6
Java Plug-inW
K(Converter)
1. // Fig. B.1: WelcomeApplet.java

2. // A first applet in Java.
3.
4. // Java core packages
5. import java.awt.Graphics; // import class Graphics
6.
8. import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet
9.
10. public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet {
11.
12. // draw text on applets background
13. public void paint( Graphics g )
14. {
15. // call inherited version of method paint
16. super.paint( g );
17.
18. // draw a String at x-coordinate 25 and y-coordinate 25
19. g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 );
20.
21. } // end method paint
22.
23. } // end class WelcomeApplet
- -
141
X
Applet
Appletviewer

(0,0)

.
x

y

...
.
( 25, 25)
EB.1F
19

2 1
// Fig. B.1: WelcomeApplet.java

// A first applet in Java.
//
import java.awt.Graphics; // import class Graphics
classes
import5Kpackages
Graphics Kjava.awtGraphics
KKKK
- -
141
Import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet
JAppletimport
KKjavax.swing
java.appletApplet W
extends
Object
10JavaApplet
Public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet {
{KWelcomeApplet
23
SuperclassJApplet
subclassWelcomeApplet
WelcomApplet
KWelcome To Java Programming !
JApplet W
200W
K200
- -
141
13
Public void paint( Graphics g )
paint

(init , start , paint)
start initW
Kpaint
paint
14 J 13
paint
JoptionPane showMessageDialog
paint

gGraphics
KGraphics paint
paintpublic
public
16
super.paint( g );
JApplet
g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 );
- -
19
141
gGraphicsdrawstring
K
drawString
Welcome To Java Progamming !
K0 , 025 ,25
HTML compilation
.htm.htmlHTMLappletviewer
EB-2FKHTML
KHTML
1.
2.
3.
4.
<html>
<applet code = "WelcomeApplet.class" width = "300" height = "45">
</applet>
</html>
HTMLEB-2F
WelcomeApplet.class2
EF
HTMLW
K
- -
141

Java plug-in HTML converter
HTML
K
HTMLConverter.bat
WEB-3FK
HTML
ConverterEB-3F
- -
References
WW

K&K
WW
Wilson, Thomas C and Shortt Joseph, Pascal from begin to end, J
Deitel and Deitel , Java How to Program, Prentice Hall, 2002 J

Liang Y. Daniel, " Introduction to Java Programming", Que J
E&T, 1999
- -
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W
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K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W
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K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E?WF
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--
K
KK
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E F
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K(Variable)E
WK
1. int array1[];
2. array1[] = new int[9];
intint array1EF
F EFK
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int array1[] = new int[9];
int[] array1 = new int[9];
WE-Farray1
--
array1
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2
0
3
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k array1[k]
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ages
KE-FK
--
ages
20 18
Index
34
42
28
4
E-F
ages[3] W ages 42
W42
System.out.println(ages[3]);
W18531
ages[1]=53;
// array1.java
1. public class array1{
2.
public static void main(String args[]){
3.
double a[]=new double[10];
4.
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
5.
a[i]=i*2.5;
6.
System.out.println(a[i]);
7.
} // end for
8.
} // end main
9. } // end class array1
W-W
W
--
KdoubleaEF
ii*2.5EF
EF K
WE-FKa
E-F
// array2.java
2. public class array2{
3. public static void main(String args[]){
4. int b[]=new int[5];
5. String s;
6. for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
7.
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter a number:");
8.
b[i]=Integer.parseInt(s);
9. } // end for
10. for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
--
W-W
11. if(b[i]>=60)
12.
System.out.println(b[i]);
13. } // end main
14. } // end class array2
W
E-FKbEF
Kb E-FKb
b
WE-FK
E-F
WE-F
--
E-F
K (Index) J
K J
(new) J
K
(Default J
K K(Type)Value)
array1.lengthW)Klength
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W J
1. int array[]=new int[5];
2. int array[];
array=new int[5];
3. int [] array = new int[5];
4. int [] array;
array=new int[5];
--
W J
1.
int array[]={5, 3, 8, 9, 2};
2. int array[]=new int[] {5, 3, 8, 9, 2};
W-W
//array3.java
2. class array3{
4.
String s, output, title, str1, str2;
5.
str1="Enter how many number you want to store in the array:";
6.
str2="Enter number # ";
7.
int n, odd=0;
8.
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(str1);
9.
n=Integer.parseInt(s);
10. int [] arr=new int[n];
11. output= " ";
12. for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++){
13. s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(str2+(i+1)+":");
14. arr[i]=Integer.parseInt(s);
15. output+=arr[i]+"\n ";
16. } //end for
17. for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
18. if(arr[i]%2==1) odd++; // end for
19. title="The results of the example (1-3)";
20. output+="\nThere are "+odd+" odd numbers in the array";
21. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, output, title,
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
22. System.exit(0);
23. }
//end main
24. } //end class array3
--
KnE-F
F n arrEF
nE-FKE
KEarr.lengthF arr
oddarrEF
E-FKEFK EF
W
E-F
WE-F
--
E-F
W-W
// array4.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
import javax.swing.*;
class array4{
int a[]={2, 4, 5, -5, 3, 10, 4, 11, 1, 7, -2};
String title="The results of the Example (1-4)";
String results="";
for(int i=0; i<a.length; i++)

{
switch(a[i]){
case 1: results=results+"One\n"; break;
case 2: results=results+"Two\n"; break;
case 3: results=results+"Three\n"; break;
case 4: results=results+"Four\n"; break;
case 5: results=results+"Five\n"; break;
default: results=results+"More than Five OR Less than One\n";
}
}
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, results, title,
19. System.exit(0);
20. }
21. }
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
- -
W
E-FK aEF
switch
K More than Five OR Less than One
WE-F
E-F
W-W
// array5.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
class array5{
double marks[] = new double[6];
String names[] = new String[6];
String s;
String t1 = Enter the Student's name:;
String t2 = "Enter his mark:";
- -
9.
for(int i=0; i<6; i++){
10.
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(t1);
11.
names[i]=s;
12.
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(t2);
13.
marks[i]=Double.parseDouble(s);
14.
}
15.
String title = "The passed students";
16. String results="The following students are passed the exam:\n";
17.
for(int i=0; i<6; i++){
18.
if(marks[i]>=60)
19.
results=results+names[i]+"\n";
20.
}
21. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, results, title,
22.
System.exit(0);
23. }
24. }
W
double marksEF
String namesEFK
E-FK
E-FK
K
EF
WE-FK
- -
E-F
- -
E-F
WE-F
E-F
- -
W-W
// array6.java
2. class array6{
3.
4.
int num[] = new int[]{4, 6, 2, 3, 9, 5, 7, 2, 4, 7};
5.
String output="The Contents of the array are:\n";
6.
7.
for(int i=0; i<=num.length-1; i++)
8.
output+=num[i]+" ";
9.
output+="\nThe Contents of the array in reverse order are:\n";
10.
for(int i=num.length-1; i>=0; i--)
11.
output+=num[i]+" ";
12. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, output, title,
13.
System.exit(0);
14. }
15. }
E-F
FnumK
E-F KE num.length-1
W
E-F
W(Sorting)
- -
K
K
.(Bubble Sort)
W-
// array7.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
class array7{
int num[] = new int[] {4, 6, 2, 3, 9, 5, 8, 1, 10, 7};
int temp;
String output="Array contents in original order:\n";
for(int i=0; i<num.length; i++)
output+=num[i]+" ";
for(int j=0; j<num.length-1; j++)
if(num[j]>num[j+1]){
temp=num[j];
num[j]=num[j+1];
num[j+1]=temp;
}
output+="\n\nArray contents in ascending order:\n";
output+=num[i]+" ";
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, output, title,
System.exit(0);
}
}
- -
W
numE-F
EF
K
F E- F
E-F K(Ascending) KE-

W
E-F
W-
// array8.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
class array8{
JTextArea outArea= new JTextArea();
int mark[] = new int[] {78, 81, 52, 92, 48, 90, 66, 40, 96,84};
- -
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
String name[]= {"Ahmad", "Mohammed", "Naser", "Saleem",

"Adel", "Khaled", "Ali", "Kareem", "Jamil",
"Nader"};
int temp_mark;
String temp_name;
String output="The students' marks in original order:\n";
output+="Name\tMark\n------------------\t--------\n";
for(int i=0; i<mark.length; i++)
output+=name[i]+"\t"+mark[i]+"\n";
for(int j=0; j<mark.length-1; j++)
if(mark[j]<mark[j+1]){
temp_mark=mark[j];
mark[j]=mark[j+1];
mark[j+1]=temp_mark;
temp_name=name[j];
name[j]=name[j+1];
name[j+1]=temp_name;
}
output+="\n\nStudents' Marks in descending order:\n";
output+="Name\tMark\n------------------\t--------\n";
output+=name[i]+"\t"+mark[i]+"\n";
outArea.setText(output);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, outArea, title,
JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
System.exit(0);
}
}
E-F K(Descending)
E-F
- -
E-F K E-F
W
E-F
- -
W(Searching)
K(Binary Search)(linear Search)W
W-
// array9.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
class array9{
int n[] = new int[10];
int num, k=-1;
String s, output="";
8.
9.
10.
for(int i=0; i<n.length; i++)

n[i]=i*2;
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the number which you
want to search for:");
num=Integer.parseInt(s);
for(int i=1; i<n.length; i++)
if(n[i]==num){
k=i;
11.
12.
13.
14.
- -
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
break;
}
if(k!=-1)
output+="Found value in index "+k;
else
output+="Value not found";
System.exit(0);
}
}
W

numE-FK
KJ kk
k E-F
kJ
E-FK k
W
EJ F
WE-F
- -
EJ F
W-
// array10.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
class array10{
int id[] = new int[] {2, 10, 1, 7, 4, 6, 3, 8, 5, 9};
"Nader"};
10.
String s, stdName, title="The results of the Example (1-10)";

String output="The student's name is:--> ";
int no, index=-1;
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the student's ID to
display his name:");
no=Integer.parseInt(s);
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
for(int i=0; i<id.length; i++)

if(id[i]==no){
index=i;
break;
}
if(index!=-1)
output+=name[index];
- -
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
else
output="There is no student with this ID !!!";
System.exit(0);
}
}
id E-F K
id(no)
index id
E-Fname
There is no student id
Kwith this ID !!!

KE-F
E-F
K E-F
- -
E-F
W-
// array11.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
class array11{
int id[] = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
"Nader"};
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
String s, stdName, title="The results of the Example (1-11)";

String output="The student's name is:--> ";
int no, index=-1;
int low=0;
int high = id.length-1;
int middle;
s=JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter the student's ID to display
his name:");
no=Integer.parseInt(s);
14.
while(low <=high){
15.
16.
middle=(low+high)/2;
if(no==id[middle]){
- -
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
index=middle;
break;
}
else if(no<id[middle])
high=middle-1;
else
low=middle+1;
}
if(index!=-1)
output+=name[index];
else
output="There is no student with this ID !!!";
JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE)
System.exit(0);
}
}
EF idE-F
K
E-F
(while) id
Kid
WE-F
- -
E-F
WE-F
E-F
W-
// array12.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
public class array9{

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] testArray = new int[50];
testArray[43] = 10;
int testArray2[] = { 35, 23, 8, 34, 66, 88, 5, 2, 85, 33 };
int key, index=-1;
key=10;
System.out.println("Searching for element == 10");
for(int i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++) {
if(testArray[i] == key)
index = i;
- -
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
if(index != -1)
System.out.println("Element found at " + index);
else
System.out.println("Element (10) does not found at the array
testArray");
index=-1;
key=88;
System.out.println("Searching the second array for element ==
88");
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
for(int i = 0; i < testArray2.length; i++) {

if(testArray2[i] == key)
index = i;
}
24.
25.
26.
27.
if(index != -1)
System.out.println("Element found at " + index);
else
System.out.println("Element (88) does not found at the array
testArray2");
}
}
28.
W
E-FE-F
key
KE-F
- -
E-F
- -
W(Two-Dimensional Arrays)
W
WKE-F
1. int b[][];
2. b = new int[ 3 ][ 4 ];
bE-FK
K
0
b[0][3] b[0][0]
1 b[1][0]
2 b[2][0]
2
b[0][1]
3
b[0][2]
b[1][1]
b[1][2]
b[1][3]
b[2][1]
b[2][2]
b[2][3]

E-F
W
int b[][] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
- -
b
K
WbE-FK
E-F
W
int c[][] = { { 1, 2, 3}, { 4, 5 } };
KcE-F
1 2
4 5
E-F

1.
2.
3.
4.
int a[][];
a = new int[ 2 ][ ];
// allocate rows
a[ 0 ] = new int[ 5 ]; // allocate row 0
a[ 1 ] = new int[ 3 ]; // allocate row 1
- -
EFaEF
EF EF
KaE-FK
A[0][4]
A[1][2]
E-F
- -
W-
// array13.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
public class array13 {

int array1[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
int array2[][] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
System.out.println("The contents of the array1 are:");
for(int i=0; i<array1.length; i++){
for(int j=0; j<array1[i].length; j++)
System.out.print("\t"+array1[i][j]+"\t");
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("The contents of the array2 are:");
for(int i=0; i<array2.length; i++){
for(int j=0; j<array2[i].length; j++)
System.out.print("\t"+array2[i][j]+"\t");
}
}
}
array1 EF
EFK
array2
K
array1E-F
array1.length array1
- -
K i array1[i].length
KE-FKE-Farray2
E-F
W-
// array14.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

int grades[][] = { { 77, 68, 86, 73 },
{ 96, 87, 89, 81 },
{ 70, 90, 86, 81 } };
6.
7.
int sum;
System.out.println("The array is:");
- -
8.
System.out.println("\t\t[0]\t[1]\t[2]\t[3]");
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
for(int i=0; i<grades.length; i++){

System.out.print("grades["+i+"]"+"\t");
for(int j=0; j<grades[i].length; j++)
System.out.print(grades[i][j]+"\t");
}
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
for(int i=0; i<grades.length; i++){

sum=0;
for(int j=0; j<grades[i].length; j++)
sum+=grades[i][j];
System.out.println("Average for student "+i+" is "
+(double)sum/grades[i].length;
}
}
}
E-FKE-F grades
K grades
EF E-F
sumEF
grades[i].length
sum KEF i
KE-FKEF
- -
E-F
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
W-
// array15.java
1.
2.
3.

int nums[][]= { {21, 24, 43, 54}, {15, 63, 27, 84}, {29, 10, 17, 42}, {28,
33, 41, 67}
};
int sum=0;
System.out.println("The contents of array nums are:");
for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++){
for(int j=0; j<nums[i].length; j++)
System.out.print(" "+nums[i][j]+" ");
}
for(int k=0; k<nums[1].length; k++)
- -
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
sum+=nums[1][k];
System.out.println("\nThe sume of elements on the 2nd row is:
"+sum);
sum=0;
for(int k=0; k<nums.length; k++)
sum+=nums[k][2];
System.out.println("\nThe sume of elements on the 3rd column is:
"+sum);
sum=0;
for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++)
if(i==j) sum+=nums[i][j];
System.out.println("\nThe sume of elements on the main diagonal
is: "+sum);
sum=0;
for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++)
if(i+j==nums.length-1) sum+=nums[i][j];
System.out.println("\nThe sume of elements on the secondary
diagonal is: "+sum);
}
}

FEF
E F
KEF
E-FKE-F
KE F
KEFE-F
nums
- -
EFE-F
E-FK

KE-FKEF
E-F
- -
W
K
KEH
W
K
WFK
KE
F W
F E
KE
N W
K

KNot found in the array
K W
F
KE
K
- -
W
K
WW
KJ
KJ
KJ
KJ
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K(Math)K(String)
W
W
KEF -
K(Math Class) -
K(Life Time) -
K(Scope) -
K(Recursion) -
K(Overloading) -
K(String) -
W
K
K W
W
K
W
K
- -
W
K
(Methods)
(Method Body)
(Signature) K
K

K(Math Class)
W(Math Class)
K K K K
W
Class_Name.method_Name(Argument List)
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(9.0)) ;
E9.0F (Math)( sqrt)

E-F K3.0K(Double)
.(Math)
- -
Math.abs(6.2) 6.2
Math.abs(-2.4) 2.4
Kx abs(x)
Math.ceil(5.1) 6
Math.ceil(-5.1) -5
x ceil(x)
Kx
Math.floor(5.1) 5
Math.floor(-5.1)-6
x floor(x)
Kx
Kyx max(x,y)
Kyx min(x,y)
Math.max(7,6) 7
Math.min(-7,-8) -8
Math.pow(6,2)62 36
Math.sqrt(9)
Kyx
pow(x,y)
Kx sqrt(x)
9 3
Math.random() 0.23121
random()
K
E-F
W-
// UseMath.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
public class UseMath{

public static void main( String args[]){
System.out.println("The square root of 100 = " + Math.sqrt(100));
System.out.println("The absolute value of 20 = " + Math.abs(20));
System.out.println("The absolute value of -20 = " + Math.abs(-20));
System.out.println("The absolute value of 0 = " + Math.abs(0));
System.out.println("4 to the power 2 = " + Math.pow(4,2));
}
// end of main
}
// end of class UseMath
- -
W
E-F(Math)E-F
E-F

E-F K
K
WE-F
// RollDie.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
public class RollDie{

public static void main( String args[]){
int face ;//variables to store the result
for (int i = 1;i<=5;i++){
face = 1+(int)(Math.random()*6);
System.out.println("The Face in Try " + i + " is " + face);
} // end for loop
} // end of main
} // end of class RollDie
- -
W
EF
Mathrandom
(Math.random())
(int)

KE-FKEF
K
E-F
KE-F
E-F
- -
(Divide and Conquer)??
Software )
(Math Class)(Reusability

(Method)
W
(Method F
(Signature) KBody)

KE-F
[Access_Specifier][static][Returen_Type] Method_Name([parameters]
Method
Body
E-F
- -
statement_1;
statement_2;
statement_3;
.
Signature .
.
statement_n;
[retuen]
?[??]?
W (Access_Specifier)J
(Method)??W(private)J
K(Class)
K??W(public)J
(Access_Specifier)J
K
K
??( static)J
KE (Object) F K
K
(Return_Type)J
(Data Types)
K(Return) E K K K char intWF -

Kvoid
(Method_Name)J
K
(parameters)J
(Formal Parameters)
K (Local Variables)
K(Actual Parameters)
(Method_Body)J
K
return void
K
- -
EvoidFE-F
Ksum1
public
static
void
sum1(int num1, int num2)

{
int sum;
sum = num1 +Signature

num2;
System.out.println(sum);
Method
Body
E-F
sum1E-F
K
public
static
int
sum1(int num1, int num2)
int sum;
sum = num1 +Signature

num2;
return sum;
Method
Body
E-F
- -
K W
WE-F
// Methods.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public class Methods {

// instance variable declaration . . .
public void method1(){
//body
}
public void method2(int i , double j){
//body
}
public int method3(){
//body
return 0; //integer expression
}
public int method4(int i ,String s ){
//body
return 0; //integer expression
}
}
KE-F
E-FK (Method1)E-F
Kdouble j int i W (Method2)
K(int) (Method3)E-F
- -
sintiW (Method4)E-F
K(int)KString
K
K
KE-F
Method_Name ( [Parameters_List] );
E-F
W(Method_Name)J
K
(Actual Parameters) W(Parameters_List)J

W
Ksum1(5, 6)WJ
Ksum1(x, y)WJ
Ksum1(sum2(z, 4), y)W(Method)J
(void) J
K
WJ
KJ
KJ
WJ
KSystem.out.println( )
- -
WE-F
// MethodCall.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
public class MethodCall {

int x = 5, y = 6, z = 0, s = 0;
sum1(10, 5);
sum1(x, y);
s =sum2(5, 6);
System.out.println("sum = " + sum2(5, 6));
z = 12 + 3 * sum2(x, 10);
sum1(sum2(3, 4), 5);
} // end of main
// defining the method sum1
static void sum1(int num1,int num2){
int sum=0;//local variable
sum= num1+num2 ;
System.out.println("sum = "+ sum);
} // end of sum1
// defining the method sum2
static int sum2(int num1,int num2){
int sum=0; // local variable
sum= num1+num2 ;
return sum ;// returned value
}
// end of sum2
}// end of class MethodCall
W
EFEFK
sum1
- -
void
EF int sum2K
ssum2
sum2 EF K
K sum2EFKSystem.out.println()
Ksum1sum2EF
KE-FE-F
E-F
(method)
(parameters Formal)(Actual parameters) -

K
K
K -
K -
sum1(10,5)E-F
sum1num2num1
- -
K(return)
E-F KEF sum1
KEFEFsum1
public class MethodCall {
public static void main(String args[] ){
.
.
.
5); 10, sum1(
.
.
.
10
5 }
.
static void sum1(int num1, int num2) .
{.
int sum = 0; }
sum= num1 + num2 ;
System.out.println("sum = " + sum)
}
E-F
:(Variable Life Time)
(RAM) W
WStatic Variables K
K
K
- -
(Block) WLocal Variables K

K
K (block)
.(Method)WParameter Variables K
K(Method)
EFWInstance Variables K
KE F
K
W(Variable Scope)
Instance )K
(Method) (Variables
( Block) K
K
K

// VariableScope.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
public class VariableScope{

static int i;
//instance variable
int x = 5, y = 6;
//local variables
i = 10;
System.out.println(i = + i);
i = method1(x, y);
i = method2(x, y);
}
//end main
- -
WE-F
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
static int method1(int arg11 ,int arg12 ){

double num11 ,num12;
for(int counter = 0; counter <= 5; counter++){
i+= counter;
} //end of for counter loop
return i+arg11+arg12;
}
//end method1
static int method2 (int arg21, int arg22){
int num21, num22, i=0; //local variables
{
String s; //local variable
}
return i+arg21+arg22;
}
//end method1
}
//end of class VariableScope
W
(Variable Scope)
i EF K
VariableScope
main()
y xEFKE i
main() (Local Variables)
method1 arg12 arg11EFK main()

num12num11EFK
K method1
for counterEF
K (block)
- -
imethod2EF
iEF
K
s EF K
EFEF(Block)
K
i EF
EFKiEFK
KyxMethod1
KEF iKi
method2EF
Kmethod2i KiEF i
KE-F
E-F
W
:
:(Pass-By-Value) J
KEF EF
K EF
- -

KKKKfloatdoubleintW(Primitive Data Types)
F :(Pass-By-Reference) J
(Method) E
K
K

KKKKStringArraysEFW (Objects)
WE-F
// Passing_Parameters.java
1. public class Passing_Parametres{
3. int x;
4. int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
5. x = a[1];
6. System.out.println("The value of x before change is" + x) ;
7. System.out.println("The value of a elements before change is: ");
8. printArray(a);
9. change(a, x);
10. System.out.println("The value of x after change is" + x);
11. System.out.println("The value of a elements after change is: ");
12. printArray(a);
13. } //end of main
14. static void change(int b[], int i){
15.
i *= 2 ;
16. for (int index=0; index < b.length; index++)
17. b[index]*= 2;
18. }
//end of method change
- -
19. static void printArray(int c[]){

20. for (int index=0; index < c.length; index++)
21. System.out.print(c[index] + "\t");
23. }
//end of method print
24. }
//end of class Passing_Parametres
W
EF K
F a Eint F x change
KEint
x (Primitive Data Types)

K i
K
K change a
(Objects)
EFbab
E-F K
KEFchange
- -
Change
a b
1
2
3
4
Change
ax
1
2
3
4
Change
main()
ax
2
4
6
8
a b
2
4
6
8
Change
x
i
E-F
- -
KE-FE-F
E-F
W(Recursion)

.
W(factorial)
WE-F
// factorial.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
public class factorial {
public static void main (String args[ ]){
String snum1;
- -
5.
6.
int num1, fac_of_num1;

snum1 = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter num1:") ;
7.
8.
9.
num1 = Integer.parseInt(snum1);
fac_of_num1 = fact(num1);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, num1 + "! = " +
fac_of_num1);
}
//end of main
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
static int fact(int n){

if (n == 0 || n ==1)
return 1;
else
return n * fact(n-1);
}
//end of fact method
}
//end of class factorial
EF K (Factorial) EF
fact
E-F Wfact Kfac_of_num1

F
K E

EFK
(n-1)
E-F K
- -
fact
fact(3) * 4 = fact(4)
fact(1) * 2
1
fact(2) * 3
fact(2) * 3
2 * 1
fact(1) * 2
...fact(3)... * 4
3 * 2 * 1
fact(4) = 24
E-F
WE-F
E-F
- -
W(Methods Overloading)

(Signature)
W
K
WE-F
// Overload.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
public class Overload {

sum();
sum(100,3);
System.out.println("sum= " + sum(8.5, 4));
System.out.println("sum= " + sum(10, 4.2));
System.out.println("sum= " + sum(8, 9, 4));
}
// no parametrs no return
static void sum () {
int num1 = 10, num2 = 5;
System.out.println("sum = " + (num1 + num2));
}
// has two parametes and no return
static void sum (int num1, int num2) {
System.out.println("sum = " + (num1 + num2));
}
// has two parametes and return double
static double sum( double num1, int num2) {
return (double)(num1 + num2);
}
// has two parameters and return double
// but different order of the parameters
static double sum(int num2 ,double num1) {
- -
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
return (double)(num1 + num2);

}
// has three parameters and return integer
static int sum(int num1, int num2, int num3) {
return num1+num2+num3;
}
}
K(Methods Overloading)
sum
sumEFKE
sumEFK(void)
EFK(void)int
int double sum

sumEFKdouble
Kdouble double int
int sumEF
KE-FKint
E-F
- -
W(String)
F characters (String)
(String) E
java characters
String
(String)
K?H?
String (String)
W(Primitive Data Types)
1. String s;
2. s= Hello;
sStringsEF
KsHelloEFKString
K(Methods)E-F
W
length() s.length()
Ks
K(!= ==WF
s
t
s t s s.compareTo(t)
s t
Kt
s.compareToIgnoreCase(t)
- -
compareTo()
KEF
Kts true s.equals(t)

equals() s.equalsIgnoreCase(t)
KEF
s true s.startsWith(t)
Kt
t true
Kis
s.startsWith(t, i)
Kts true s.endsWith(t)

W
-1 indexOf()
K
t s.indexOf(t)
Ks
t s.indexOf(t, i)
Kis
s.indexOf(c)
Ksc

s c s.indexOf(c, i)
Ki
s.lastIndexOf(c)
Ksc
- -

Kst
s.lastIndexOf(t)
Kstring
i s.charAt(i)
Ks
s s.substring(i)
Ki
s s.substring(i, j)
Kj-1i
Kstring

s s.toLowerCase()
K
s s.toUpperCase()
K
s.trim()
Ks

c2 c1 s s.replace(c1, c2)
Kchar
Kstring
true s.matches(regexStr)
- -
regexStr
Ks
string s.replaceAll(regexStr, t)
KtregexStr
string s.replaceFirst(regexStr, t)
KtregexStr

KregexStrs s.split(regexStr)
split(regexStr) s.split(regexStr, count)

K
E-F
KE-FE-F
WE-F
// Strings.java
1. public class UseMath{
3. String s0="Well Come to Java World!" ,
4. s = "hello", t = "HELLO", s1, s2[], s3;
5. char c;
6. boolean b;
7. int i;
9. i = s0.length();
10. System.out.println(" The length of " + "\"" + s0 + "\"" + " = " + I +
"\n");
11. i = s.compareTo(t);
12. if (i == 0)
13.
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is == " + "\"" + t + "\"\n");
- -
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
else if (i<0)
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is < " + "\"" + t + "\"\n");
else
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is > " + "\"" + t +"\"\n");
i = s.compareToIgnoreCase(t);
System.out.print(" Ignoring case: ");
if (i == 0)
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is == " + "\"" + t + "\"\n");
else if (i<0)
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is < " + "\"" + t + "\"\n");
else
System.out.println(" \"" + s + "\"" + " is > " + "\"" + t +"\"\n");
b = s.equals(t);
System.out.println(" Is " + "\"" + s + "\"" + " equals to " + "\"" + t
+ "\"" + " ? " + b +"\n");
b = s.equalsIgnoreCase(t);
System.out.print(" Is " + "\"" + s + "\"" + " equals to ");
System.out.println("\"" + t + "\"" + " (ignoring case)? " + b +
"\n");
b = s.startsWith("H");
System.out.println(" Is " + "\"" + s + "\"" + " starts with \"H\"? " +
b + "\n");
b = s.startsWith("l", 3);
System.out.print(" Is " + "\"" + s + "\"" + " starts with \"l\" ");
System.out.println("from position 3 ? " + b + "\n");
b = s.endsWith("lo");
System.out.print (" Is " + "\"" + s + "\"" + " ends with \"lo\"");
System.out.println(" ,from position 3 ? " + b + "\n");
i = s0.indexOf("Java");
System.out.print (" Java is at position ");
System.out.println( i + " of " + "\"" + s0 + "\"\n");
i = s0.indexOf("java", 4);
System.out.print(" java is at position" + i +"of ");
System.out.println(" \"" + s0 + "\"" + ", starting from position
4\n");
i = s0.indexOf('e');
System.out.print (" \'e\' is at position ");
- -
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
System.out.println(i + " of " + "\"" + s0 + "\"\n");

i = s0.indexOf('e', 4);
System.out.print (" \'e\' is at position " + i + " of ");
System.out.println("\"" + s0 + "\"" + " starting from position 4\n");
i = s0.lastIndexOf('e');
System.out.print(" Last occurrence of \'e\' in ");
System.out.println("\"" + s0 + "\"" + " is at "+ I + "\n");
i = s0.lastIndexOf(t);
System.out.print(" Last occurrence of 'rl' in ");
System.out.println("\"" + s0 + "\"" + " is at " + I + "\n");
c = s0.charAt(3);
System.out.print(" The character at position 3 in");
System.out.println("\"" + s0 + "\"" + " is " + c + "\n");
s3 = s0.substring(6);
System.out.print (" The substring of ");
System.out.println("\"" + s0 + "\"" + " starting from 6 is\n" +
"\t\t\t\"" + s3 + "\"\n");
63. s1 = s0.substring(6, 10);
64. System.out.print(" Substring of " + "\"" + s0 + "\"" + " starting ");
65. System.out.println("from 6 to 10 is:" + "\"" + s1 + "\"\n");
66. System.out.print (" \"" + s0 + "\"" + " in lowercase is ");
67. System.out.println("\"" + s0.toLowerCase() + "\"\n");
68. System.out.print("\""+ s0 + "\"" + "in uppercase ");
69. System.out.println("\""+ s0.toUpperCase() + "\"\n");
70. System.out.print(" \"" + s0 + "\"" + " with replacing all spaces ");
71. System.out.println("with ';' is\n" + "\t\t\t\"" + s0.replace( '
',';')+"\"");
73. }
74. }
E-F
K(String)
- -
E-F
- -
WW
Area = r2 X
EWrF
Actual ) (Formal parameters) W

.(parameters or arguments
W W
public methodJ
private methodJ
KW
WW
Pass-By-ValueJ
Pass-By-Reference J
WNW
N
N 1
N 2
i =1
i =1
i =1
i = N + i = N + N 1 + i
W
KJ
KEFJ
EF iXj W
K3X4 = 3+3+3+3 = 12W
i>0

- -
trueW
Kfalse
KMethod OverloadingW
(methods) W
Fahrenheit Celsius
W
F = 9.0 / 5.0 * (C + 32)
Celsius Fahrenheit
W
C = 5.0 / 9.0 * (F 32)
F W
W(String)
F J
KE
KEFJ
J
KEF
J
KEF
KJ
KJ
- -
WW
-
public class checkupper {

public static void main (String args[]){
char c1 = 'f', c2 = 'T';
System.out.println("Is "+c1 +" in uppercase ? " +
isUpperCase(c1));
System.out.println("Is "+c2 +" in uppercase ? " +
isUpperCase(c2));
}
static boolean isUpperCase(char testChar) {
return ((testChar>='A') && (testChar<='Z'));
}
}
public class validateAddress {

public static void main (String args[]){
String My_email = "java_doc@java.net";
if (validate(My_email) == true)
System.out.println("this a valid email address");
else
System.out.println("this an invalid email
address");
}
static boolean validate(String email) {
String name;
String domain;
- -
int index;
if (( index = email.indexOf( '@')) == -1) {
return false;
}
name = email. substring(0, index);
domain=email.substring(index+1,email.length());
System.out.println(" Name: " + name);
System.out.println(" Domain: " + domain);
return true;
}
}
-
public class primenumbers{

public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println("The Prime numbers between 1 and
100 are");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
if (isPrime(i))
System. out. print(i + " ");
}
static boolean isPrime(int test) {
if (test < 2)
return false;
if (test == 2)
return true;
for (int i = 2; i < test; i++)
- -
if (( test % i) == 0)
return false;
return true;
}
}
-
public class SwapArray{
public static void main(String [] args) {
int values[]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
System.out.println("values before swap");
printArray(values);
swap(values);
System.out.println ("values after swap");
printArray(values);
}
static void swap(int a[]){
int length = a.length, temp;
for (int i = 0; i <= (length/2); i++){
temp = a[ length - i - 1];
a[length - i - 1] = a[ i];
a[ i] = temp;
}
}
static void printArray(int a[]){
for (int i =0;i<a.length;i++){
System.out.print (a[i]+"\t");
}
- -
System.out.println( );
}
}
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
K
W
W
K(OOP) J
K J
K J
K(Method Overriding) J
W
K
K W
W
K
K
W
K
- -
W(Object Oriented Programming)

(objects) (classes)

divide and )?? (modules)
.(conquer
K(classes)
(API) (classes)
K(messages)
W
KKK

EF W
K (Student)??KKEF
K (Account)??
(Operation) (Data)
K??E-F K(Methods)
- -
(objects)
(class)
E-F
Class DiagramE-F
? ?
Account
Class Name
Account_no
Balance
Last_Transaction_date
Deposit()
Withdraw()
E-F
Data
Operation
W (Class Declaration)
class
WF
AccountE-FKE

- -
WE-F
// Account.java
1.
import java.util.Date;
2.
public class Account {
3.
4.
5.
private int account_number;

private double balance ;
private Date last_transaction_date;
6.
public void deposit(double amt){
7.
//deposit code
8.
}
9.
public void withdraw(double amt){
10.
// withdraw code
11. }
12. }
data
Operations
W
W
EF public (class name) J
(instances)
(Package) public
K(instances)
E-FJ
E F private
Public
E instanceF
F (Package)
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- -
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W
E (Objects)
WKEF
K J
new J
K(Constructors)
J
K(public, private, protected, default)
?? protected
protected
E-F K
KE-FAccount
E-F
// Bank.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
public class Bank {

Account acc =new Account();
Acc.deposit(1000);
}
}
W
Account acc EF
new Account acc
F Account (Constructors)
Enew
- -
deposit EF K
K acc
KaccE-F
acc
account_number
balance
last_transaction_date
deposit
withdraw
E-F
(Constructors)

- -
(Overloaded Constructors)
K(Default Constructor)
WE-F
// Account.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
import java.util.Date;
class Account{
private int account_no;
private String customer_name;
private double balance;
Date last_Transaction_Date;
8.
9.
10.
11.
Account(int no ,String name ){

account_no=no;
customer_name=name;
}
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Account(int no ,String name ,double amt ){

account_no=no;
customer_name=name;
balance=amt;
}
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
void deposit (double amt) {

if (amt>0 ){
balance += amt;
last_Transaction_Date= new Date();
}
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"the deposit amount must
be > 0");
}
25.
void withdraw(double amt){

- -
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
if (amt<=balance ){
balance-=amt;
last_Transaction_Date= new Date();
}
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"the withdraw amount
must be <= balance");
}
33.
34.
35.
public double getBalance(){

return balance;
}
36.
37.
38.
39.
public String getCustomer(){

return customer_name;
}
}
main()
// client_account.java
1. public class client_account{
2.
3.
Account acc1=new Account(12, "Ali");
4.
Account acc2=new Account(12, "Fahad", 7350.3);
5.
6.
acc1.deposit(2341.5);
acc2.withdraw(200);
7.
8.
9.
System.out.println("\n Name: "+acc1.getCustomer());

System.out.println("\tHis Balance= " + acc1.getBalance());
System.out.println("\tThe date of the last transaction is: " +
acc1.last_Transaction_Date);
10.
System.out.println(" Name: "+acc2.getCustomer());

- -
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
System.out.println("\tHis Balance= " + acc2.getBalance());

System.out.println("\tThe date of the last transaction is: " +
acc2.last_Transaction_Date);
}
}
W
Account
client_account.java client_accountAccount.java
client_account main()
Kacc2acc1Account
E-F Account.java
K private
E-F E-F
W??K
W(Data)J
K(account_no)
K(customer_name)
-
-
K(balance)
K(last_Transaction_Date)
W(Constructors)J
WJ
Account(int no, String name)
WJ
Account(int no, String name, double amt)
- -
W(Methods)J
K(deposit)J
K(withdraw)J
K(getBalance)J
K(getCustomer)J

KAccountE-F
Account
int account_no
String
customer_name
double balance
Date last_Transaction_Date
Account(int,String)
Account(int,String,double)
void deposit
(double)
void withdraw(double)
double getBalance()
String getCustomer()
E-F
E-F client_account EF
acc1 acc2 acc1 Account

E-F Kacc2
E FK
KE-FK
- -
E-F

(Package) (Package)
K (container)

K
package
KK class
K(Packages)E-FK
- -
WE-F
// client_account.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
package java2.classes.ch3;
class A{
.
.
.
}
class B{
.
.
.
}
public class client_account{
.
.
.
}
}
(Packages)EF
B.class A.class W K
Kjava2classes ch3client_account.class
Kpublicclass
KE-F
- -
E-F
W(Inheritance)

(Super Class) (SubClass)
Kextends K(private)
KE-F
K
- -
WE-F
// y.java
1. class x{
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5. } // end of class x
6. public class y extends x{
7.
.
8.
.
9.
.
10. }
W
x y x
yx
KK
W
EF
K
E-FK(private)
KEF
- -
WE-F
// Cars.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
class Transportation{
protected static int x=12;
private int y=19;
public static void meth1(){
System.out.println("Calling meth1() from class Cars.");
}
7.
8.
9.
10.
private void meth2(){

System.out.println("will not be called from Cars");
}
} // end of class Transportation
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
public class Cars extends Transportation{

meth1();
System.out.println(x);
// meth2(); // meth2() has private access in
// Transportation
// System.out.println(y); // y has private access
// on Transportation
}
} // end of class Cars
16.
17.
18.
xW TransportationE-F
(private) y (protected)
meth2() (public) meth1() W
Cars E-F K(private)

Transportation Transportation Cars
- -
SubClass Cars Super Class

FKCarsTransportation
Cars TransportationE
meth1() xE-FKprivate
E-F (Cars) (Transportation)

(private) meth2() y
K (Transportation)
KE-F
E-F
method
this this
thisE-F K
KthisE-F
- -
WE-F
// C.java
1. class A{
2. protected int a=9;
3. } // end of class A
4. class B extends A{
5. void test(){
6.
int a=22;
7.
System.out.println("a = "+a);
8. }
9. } // end of class B
10. public class C{
12.
B acc=new B();
13.
acc.test();
14. }
15. } // end of class C
aEFa=22W
KAatest()
WE-F
// C.java
1. class A{
2. protected int a=9;
3. } // end of class A
4. class B extends A{
5. void test(){
- -
6.
int a=22;
7.
System.out.println("a = "+this.a);
8. }
9. } // end of class B
10. public class C{
12.
B acc=new B();
13.
acc.test();
14. }
15. } // end of class C
W
EFa=9W
thistest() a A a
B B a
KAaa

this
(SubClass) (SubClass)
K(Super Class)
(SubClass)
E-F K(Super Class) super

super
- -
WE-F
// C.java
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
class A{
void test1(){
System.out.println("The test1() method was invoked FROM class
A");
}
} // end of class A
13.
14.
class B extends A{
void test(){
super.test1();
test1();
}
void test1(){
System.out.println("The test1() method was invoked FROM class
B");
}
} // end of class B
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
public class C{
B acc=new B();
acc.test();
}
} // end of class C
test1()ABEF
test1() KA B
EFKSuperA
test1() Super test1()

- -
E-FKBEF
K
E-F
W(Methods Overriding)
(Super Class)
(Methods (SubClass)
Overriding)
Ksuper
WE-F
// Test.java
1.
2.
3.
class Car {
private int year;
private float originalPrice;
- -
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
// calculate the sale price of a car based on its

// cost
public double CalculateSalePrice() {
double salePrice;
if (year > 1994)
salePrice = originalPrice * 0.75;
else if (year > 1990)
else
return salePrice;
}
// a public constructor
public Car(int year, float originalPrice) {
this.year = year;
this.originalPrice = originalPrice;
}
}
21.
22.
class ClassicCar extends Car {

// calculate the sale price of a car based on its
// cost
23. public double CalculateSalePrice() {
24.
return 10000;
25. }
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
// a public constructor
public ClassicCar(int year, float originalPrice) {
super(year, originalPrice);
}
}
31.
32.
33.
34.
public class Test{

ClassicCar myClassic = new ClassicCar(1920, 1400);
double classicPrice =
- -
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
myClassic.CalculateSalePrice();
System.out.println(classicPrice);
Car myCar = new Car(1990, 12000);
double price = myCar.CalculateSalePrice();
System.out.println(price);
}
}
Car CalculateSalePrice() E-F

CalculateSalePrice() Car ClassicCar
E-F ClassicCar
EFK(Methods Overriding)
KCar year year this

KE-F
E-F
- -
Rational W
W
F numeratorW int (private)WJ

KEFdenominatorE
F (Constructor)J
E2/4 1/2 W

K(Object)
KJ
KJ
KJ
KJ
(numerator)aa/bW J
K(denominator)b
(float) J
K
length W Rectangle W
width
K
K
HugeInteger W
K
WEF
KinputHugeIntegerJ
- -
K outputHugeIntegeJ
KaddHugeIntegeJ
KsubtractHugeIntegeJ
isEqualToJ
Kfalsetrue
isGreaterThan J
true
Kfalse
WDateW
WJ
MM/DD/YYYY
April 01, 2004
DDD YYYY
J
K
IntegerSetW

i true a[i] boolean

jfalsea[j]
Kfalse
unionOfIntegerSet J
K
- -
intersectionOfIntegerSet J
K
KkinsertElementJ
KmdeleteElementJ
Empty Set setPrintJ

K
KisEqualToJ
K
- -
Deitel and Deitel, Java: How to Program, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001 K
Patrick Naughton and Michael Morrison, the Java Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1996K
Bruce Eckel, Thinking in Java (2nd Edition), 2001K
JAVA 2KK
- -
.............................................................................................................................................W
.................................................................................................................................................
...................................(Allocating)
......................................................................................(Arrays)
...............................................................................................(Sorting)
...............................................................................................(Searching)
.....................................................(Two
(Declaring)
Dimensional Arrays)
.....................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................(Methods)W
.................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................(Math
Class)
..........................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
............................................................................(Variable
Life Time)
............................................................................................(Variable
Scope)
...........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................(Recursion)
...............................................................(Methods
Overloading)
.................................................................................(String)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................(Object
and Objects)W
Oriented Programming)
.......................................................(Class
.............................................................(Object
.......................................................................................................(Inheritance)
...(Accessing
Declaration)
Creation)
Inherited Methods and Data)
................................................................(Methods
Overriding)
...................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................(Classes
...........................................................................................................................................................................

EF

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
K
????
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]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K
K
--
Inheritance and Polymorphism

Object Oriented programming
K
Classes
Objects
Methods
J F
Instance variables
E
K
Class
Objects
Behavior Member variablesDataAttributes

Access specifier
Ex:
public
class
class
class_name
WMember Methods
BankAccount
public
class
public classmain
Constructors
Constructors
K
Parameters
--
BankAccount.java
1 public class BankAccount
2 {
3 // The first constructor is the default constructor sets balance to zero
4
public BankAccount()
5
{
6
balance = 0;
7
}
8 // The second constructor sets balance to initial to initial balance
9
public BankAccount(double initialBalance)
10
{
11
balance = initialBalance;
12
}
13 // The deposit method adds an amount to instance variable balance
14
public void deposit(double amount)
15
{
16
balance = balance + amount;
17
}
18 // The withdraw method subtracts an amount from instance variable balance
19
public void withdraw(double amount)
20
{
21
balance = balance - amount;
22
}
23 // The transfer method withdraw an amount from this object and deposit to
other object balance
24
public void transfer(BankAccount other , double amount)
25
{
26
withdraw(amount);
27
other.deposit(amount);
28
}
29
30
// The getBalance method returns the current balance
31
public double getBalance()
32
{
33
return balance;
34
}
35
// The instance variable balance
36
private double balance;
37 }
EJ F
--
K
double
Constructors K

Access Specifier
Ex:
Public
Class name (parameter type parameter name, .)

BankAccount (double
initialBalance)
Methods
Methods BankAccount
deposite Method
withdraw method
transfer method
getBalance method
Wmethod
Access specifier
return type
method name(parameter type parameter name,..)
Ex 1:
public
void
deposite (double amount)
Ex 2:
public
double
getBalance
public
double
Kvoid
--
small letter
getBalance
E,F
implicit parametersEF
explicit parameter
InstanceObjects
new
Ex1:
BankAccount myAccount = new BankAccount();
myAccount
balanceBankAccountBankAccount()
myAccount
Ex2:
BankAccount m1 = new BankAccount(5000);
m1
BankAccount BankAccount(double
initialBalance)
m1balance
--
instance variables

Access specifier
type
Ex:
private
double
variable name;
balance;
private
Encapsulationdata hiding
Ex1:
myAccount.balance
Ex2:
m1.balance
OOP

Ex:
m1.deposit(500);
deposit
balance = balance + amount

this.balnce = this.balance + amount
m1.balance = m1.balance +amount
depositm1
--
Inheritance
OOP inheritance
K W
BankAccount
KEJ F
SavingAccount.java
/* The SavingAccount class extends the BankAccount class implements
a new method addInterest to model an account that pays a fixed
interest rate on deposits
*/
public class SavingAccount extends BankAccount
// The SavingAccount constructor
{
public SavingAccount(double rate)
{
interestRate = rate;
}
// addInterest method
public void addInterest()
{
double interest = getBalance()*interestRate/100;
deposit(interest);
}
// The SavingAccount instance variable
private double interestRate;
}
EJ F
--

code
reuse
superclass EF
Base parent class
class
subclass
drived child class

class
J

extends

class subclass Name
ex:
class SavingAccount
extends
superclass Name
extends
BankAccount
superclassEF
BankAccount
subclassSavingAcount
Object
ObjectBankAccount Object
KtoString
SavingAccountBankAccountObjectEJ F
Inheritance Diagram
--
Object
BankAccount
SavingAccount
EJ F
Ex:
SavingAccount
m2 = new SavingAccount(10)
SavingAccountm2
balanceBankAccount

intrestRateSaving Account
m2.balance = 0
m2.intrestRate = 10
balance
SavingAccountm2EJ
FintrestRate
SavingAccount
Bankaccount portion
Balance 1000
interestRate 10
EJ F
K
--
Ex:
m2.addIntrest();
SavingAccountaddIntrest

BankAccountdepositgetBalance
WaddIntrest addIntrest
double interest =this.getBalance() * this.intrestRate/100
this.deposit(intrest)
WaddIntrest()m2.addIntrest();
double interest = m2.getBalance() * m2.intrestRate/100

m2.deposit(intrest)
C++single inheritance
Multiple inheritance
K
Inheritance Hierarchies
branches root
K
WW
CheckingAccount
SavingAccount
TimeDepositAccount
balance
getBalance withdrawdeposit
- -
BankAccount
EJ F
BankAccount
getBalance
deposit
withdraw
CheckingAccount
SavingAccount
deductFees
deposit
withdraw
addInterest
TimeDeposit
Account
addInterest
withdraw
EJ F
- -
instance variablesmethods
W Methods

EF
override
method
K

Instance variables

BankAccountEJ FCheckingAccount
transactionCount deductFees()
withdrawdeposit
transactionCount
CheckingAccount
BankAccountbalance
CheckingAccounttransactionCount
WCheckingAccount
BankAccountgetBalance()
- -
E Fdeposit(double
amount)
EFwithdraw(double
amount)
CheckingAccountdeductFees()
BankAccount)
BankAccount
CheckingAccount deposit(double amount)
- -
CheckingAccount.java
/* The CheckingAccount class extends the BankAccount class implements
a new method deductFees and overide the deposit and withdraw methods
*/
public class CheckingAccount extends BankAccount
// The CheckingAccount constructor
{
public CheckingAccount(double initialBalance)
{
// construct superclass
super(initialBalance);
// initialize transaction count
transactionCount = 0;
}
// overide the BankAccount deposit method
{
transactionCount ++;
// now add amount to balance
super.deposit(amount);
}
// overide the BankAccount withdraw method
{
// now subtract amount from balance
super.withdraw(amount);
}
// New method deductFees
public void deductFees()
{
if(transactionCount>FREE_TRANSACTIONS)
{
double fees =
TRANSACTION_FEE*(transactionCount- FREE_TRANSACTIONS);
super.withdraw(fees);
}
}
// The CheckingAccount instance variables
private int transactionCount;
private static final int FREE_TRANSACTIONS = 3;
private static final double TRANSACTION_FEE = 2.0;
}
EJ F
- -
override

// override the BankAccount deposit method

{
balance = balance + amount;
}
//ERROR
balance
private
balance deposit(amount)

deposit(amount);
this
deposit(amount)
deposit(double
amount)CheckingAccount
super

super.deposit(amount);
// override the BankAccount withdraw method

- -
deductFees
fees
withdraw(fees)
// New method deductFees

public void deductFees()
if(transactionCount>FREE_TRANSACTIONS)
double fees = TRANSACTION_FEE*(transactionCount- FREE_TRANSACTIONS);
super.withdraw(fees);
TimeDepositAccount

SavingAccount
EJ F
periodsToMaturity TimeDepositAccount
addIntrest
TimeDepositAccountEJ F

BankAccount BankAccount
depositgetBalanceTimeDepositAccount
K
- -
override
TimeDepositAccount
methodaddInterest()
SavingAccount
// override the SavingAccount addInterest method
periodsToMaturity--;
super.addInterest();
withdraw(double amount)

if (periodsToMaturity >0)
super.withdraw(EARLY_WITHDRAW_PENALITY);
- -
TimeDepositAccount.java
/* The TimeDepositAccount extends SavingAccount class overrides
the SavingAccount addInterest method and the BankAccount withdraw
method to model an account like SavingAccount but you promize to leave
the mony in the account for a particular number of months, and
there is a penalty for early withdrawal.
*/
public class TimeDepositAccount extends SavingAccount
// The TimeDepositAccount constructor
{
public TimeDepositAccount(double rate , int maturity)
{
super (rate);
periodsToMaturity = maturity;
}
// override the SavingAccount addInterest method
{
periodsToMaturity--;
super.addInterest();
}
{
if (periodsToMaturity >0)
super.withdraw(EARLY_WITHDRAW_PENALITY);
}
// The TimeDepositAccount instance variables
private int periodsToMaturity;
private static final double EARLY_WITHDRAW_PENALITY = 20.0;
}
EJ F
super.addIntrest(); TimeDepositAccount
addIntresetK super.withdraw(amount);
withdrawSavingAccount
withdraw
KBankAccount
- -
Subclass constructors
balanceCheckingAccount
balanceBankAccount
super
W

// construct superclass
super(initialBalance);
BankAccountCheckingAccount
balanceBankAccount
balance CheckingAccount

// superclass has been constructed with its default //constructor
// now set initial balance
super.deposit(initialBalance);
SavingAccount TimeDepositAccount

// The TimeDepositAccount constructor
public TimeDepositAccount(double rate , int maturity)

super (rate);
periodsToMaturity = maturity;
- -
Polymorphism
"is a"
ChechingAccount
BankAccount
BankAccounttransfer
// The transfer method withdraw an amount from this object and //deposit to other object balance
public void transfer(BankAccount other , double amount)
withdraw(amount);
other.deposit(amount);
BankAccount
Ex:
transfer
BankAccount c1 = new BankAccount(1000);

CheckingAcount c2 = new CheckingAccount(2000);
C1.transfer(c2,500);
BankAccountK
EJ F CheckingAccountBankAccount
Bankaccountother deposit
deposit
BankAccount.deposit
transactionCount
deposit CheckingAccount
CheckingAccounttransferother
BankAccount.depositCheckingAccount.depoit
actual object

other.depositreference
object
KOOP
many shapespolymorphism
polymorphicinstance methods
- -

overloaded methods explicit parameters
compiler
explicit parameters
overload polymorphism
overload
early
binding
compiler deposit
virtual machine
other
late bindingcompiler
EJ FpolymorphismTestEJ FBankAccountTest
- -
BankAcountTest.java
public class BankAcountTest
{
/* This program is used to test the diferent bankAcounts
classes
*/
// The main method
public static void main(String [] args)
{
BankAccount mohamed = new BankAccount();
BankAccount ahmed = new BankAccount(1000);
BankAccount mahmoud = new BankAccount(2000);
mohamed.deposit(3000);
ahmed.deposit(3000);
mahmoud.deposit(3000);
// transfer 1000Sr from mahmoud to ahmed
mahmoud.transfer(ahmed,1000);
System.out.println(mohamed.getBalance());
System.out.println(ahmed.getBalance());
System.out.println(mahmoud.getBalance());
// construct new SavingAccount object called moustafa
SavingAccount moustafa = new SavingAccount(5);
moustafa.deposit(1000);
moustafa.addInterest();
System.out.println(moustafa.getBalance());
// construct new CheckingAccount object called baker
CheckingAccount baker = new CheckingAccount(5000);
baker.deposit(1000);
baker.withdraw(2000);
baker.deductFees();
System.out.println(baker.getBalance());
// construct new TimeDepositAccount object called flah
TimeDepositAccount flah = new TimeDepositAccount(5,5);
flah.deposit(10000);
System.out.println(flah.getBalance());
flah.addInterest();
flah.addInterest();
flah.deposit(1000);
flah.addInterest();
flah.withdraw(5000);
- -
flah.addInterest();
flah.addInterest();
flah.withdraw(5000);
}
}
EJ F
PolymorphismTest.java
public class PolymorphismTest
{
/* This program is used to test the principles of polymorphism
*/
// The main method
public static void main(String [] args)
{
// construct new SavingAccount object called abdalah
SavingAccount abdalah = new SavingAccount(0.5);
// construct new TimeDepositAccount object called flah
TimeDepositAccount flah = new TimeDepositAccount(1,3);
// construct new CheckingAccount object called baker
CheckingAccount baker = new CheckingAccount(0);
abdalah.deposit(10000);
flah.deposit(10000);
printBalance("abdalah ",abdalah);
printBalance("flah ",flah);
printBalance("baker ",baker);
// transfer 1000Sr from abdalah to baker
abdalah.transfer(baker,2000);
// transfer 1000Sr from flah to baker
flah.transfer(baker,980);
- -
baker.withdraw(80);
endOfMonth(abdalah);
endOfMonth(flah);
endOfMonth(baker);
}
public static void endOfMonth(SavingAccount savings)
{savings.addInterest();
}
public static void endOfMonth(CheckingAccount checking)
{checking.deductFees();
}
public static void printBalance(String name , BankAccount account)
{System.out.println("The balance of " + name +
"account is " + account.getBalance()+" SR");
}
}
EJ F
The balance of abdalah account is 10000.0 SR

The balance of flah account is 10000.0 SR
The balance of baker account is 0.0 SR
PolymorphismTest
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K
K
try K
catch K
finally K
K
W
- -

Exception Handling
syntax error
Error codes
W
J
The basics of java Exception Handling
Error codes
program
JVM
K
- -
JVM

exception
handler
K
KK
EJ F
EdF
(-)
EJ F
Process completed
(compiler)
EF

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: /by zero at Excp1.main <Excp1.java:6>

- -
ArithmaticException
EJ F/by
zero
(-)

EJ F
a[2] = 6;EJ F
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException at Excp1.main <Excp3.java:9>
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException
- -
EJ F
EJ F
- -
Exception types
class classes

Throwable
java.langError
subclassException subclass
program related

JVM
root classException
ExceptionEJ F
ArithmaticException
ExceptionEJ
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
ClassNotFoundException
FileNotFoundException
IOException
NullPointerException
null reference
root classError
OutOfMemoryError class JVM

K
- -
Exception Handling In java
abcde-
try block
catch blocks
finally block
throw statement
throws clause
trycatch finally blocks :

try
catch
finally catch
try
W
try
// Tested statements
catch ( ExceptionType 1 exob1)
// exception handler for ExceptionType1
catch ( ExceptionType 2 exob2)
// exception handler for ExceptionType2
finally
// Statements that must be executed
EJ F
d ArithmaticException
Wtry
try
int d=0;
int a=60/d;
- -
Wcatch
catch (ArithmeticException e)
System.out.println("divide by zero");
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
EJ F
ArithmeticException

divide by zero
/by
zeroe
After Exception Handling
EJ F
a[2]ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

try
W
try
a[0]=2;
a[1]=4;
a[2]=6;
- -
(-)
(-)
- -
WcatchArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
System.out.println("Array Index out of bounds.."+ e);
finally
Ktry
EJ F
(e)
Array
Index
out
of
bounds
java.lang.ArrauIndexOutofBoundsException
Wfinally
The code here must be executed
(-)
- -
EJ F
finally
catch
try
catch
K

EJ F
try
ArithmeticExceptioncatch
KArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Handling the first Exception divide by zero

/by zero
finally
W
Ktry
( -)

Handling the second Exception Array Index out of bounds

Array Index out of bounds java.lang.ArrauIndexOutofBoundsException
finally
Ktry
- -
(-)
(-)
- -
- -
- -
- -
DivideByZeroException.java
Created with JBuilder
// DivideByZeroException.java
// Definition of class DivideByZeroException.
// Used to throw an exception when a
// divide-by-zero is attempted.
public class DivideByZeroException
extends ArithmeticException {
public DivideByZeroException()
{
super( "Attempted to divide by zero" );
}
public DivideByZeroException( String message )
{
super( message );
}
NegativeNumberException.java
// NegativeNumberException.java
// Definition of class NegativeNumberException.
// Used to throw an exception when a
// negative number is intered
public class NegativeNumberException
extends ArithmeticException {
public NegativeNumberException()
{
super( "Attempted to Enter negative numbers" );
}
}
- -
DivideByZeroTest.java
// DivideByZeroTest.java
// A simple exception handling example.
// Checking for a divide-by-zero exception
// and negative number exception
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class DivideByZeroTest extends JFrame
implements ActionListener {
private JTextField input1, input2, output;
private int number1, number2;
private double result;
// Initialization
public DivideByZeroTest()
{
super( "Demonstrating Exceptions" );
Container c = getContentPane();
c.setLayout( new GridLayout( 3, 2 ) );
c.add( new JLabel( "Enter numerator ",
SwingConstants.RIGHT ) );
input1 = new JTextField( 10 );
c.add( input1 );
c.add(
new JLabel( "Enter denominator and press Enter ",
SwingConstants.RIGHT ) );
input2 = new JTextField( 10 );
c.add( input2 );
input2.addActionListener( this );
c.add( new JLabel( "RESULT ", SwingConstants.RIGHT ) );
output = new JTextField();
c.add( output );
setSize( 425, 100 );
show();
}
- -
// Process GUI events

public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
{
DecimalFormat precision3 = new DecimalFormat( "0.000" );
output.setText( "" ); // empty the output JTextField
try {
number1 = Integer.parseInt( input1.getText() );
number2 = Integer.parseInt( input2.getText() );
if(number1 < 0 || number2 <0)
throw new NegativeNumberException();
result = quotient( number1, number2 );
output.setText( precision3.format( result ) );
}
catch ( NumberFormatException nfe ) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( this,
"You must enter two integers",
"Invalid Number Format",
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE );
}
catch ( DivideByZeroException dbze ) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( this, dbze.toString(),
"Attempted to Divide by Zero",
}
catch ( NegativeNumberException nne ) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( this, nne.toString(),
"Attempted to Enter negative numbers",
}
}
// Definition of method quotient. Used to demonstrate
// throwing an exception when a divide-by-zero error
// is encountered.
public double quotient( int numerator, int denominator )
throws DivideByZeroException
{
if ( denominator == 0 )
throw new DivideByZeroException();
return ( double ) numerator / denominator;
}
public static void main( String args[] )
{
DivideByZeroTest app = new DivideByZeroTest();
- -
app.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing( WindowEvent e )
{
e.getWindow().dispose();
System.exit( 0 );
}
}
);
}
}
UsingException.java
// UsingExceptions.java
// Demonstration of the try-catch-finally
// exception handling mechanism.
public class UsingException {
{
try {
throwException();
}
catch ( Exception e )
{
System.err.println( "Exception handled in main" );
}
doesNotThrowException();
}
public static void throwException() throws Exception
{
// Throw an exception and immediately catch it.
try {
System.out.println( "Method throwException" );
throw new Exception(); // generate exception
}
catch( Exception e )
{
System.err.println(
"Exception handled in method throwException" );
throw e; // rethrow e for further processing
// any code here would not be reached
}
- -
finally {
System.err.println(
"Finally executed in throwException" );
}
// any code here would not be reached
}
public static void doesNotThrowException()
{
try {
System.out.println( "Method doesNotThrowException" );
}
catch( Exception e )
{
System.err.println( e.toString() );
}
finally {
System.err.println(
"Finally executed in doesNotThrowException" );
}
System.out.println(
"End of method doesNotThrowException" );
}
}
UsingException1.java
// Demonstration of stack unwinding.
public class UsingException1 {
{
try {
throwException();
}
catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( "Exception handled in main" );
}
}
public static void throwException() throws Exception
{
// Throw an exception and catch it in main.
try {
System.out.println( "Method throwException" );
throw new Exception(); // generate exception
}
catch( RuntimeException e ) { // nothing caught here
- -
System.err.println( "Exception handled in " +

"method throwException" );
}
finally {
System.err.println( "Finally is always executed" );
}
}
}
UsingException2.java
// Demonstrating the getMessage and printStackTrace
// methods inherited into all exception classes.
public class UsingException2 {
{
try {
method1();
}
catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getMessage() + "\n" );
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void method1() throws Exception
{
method2();
}
{
method3();
}
{
throw new Exception( "Exception thrown in method3" );
}
}
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K K
K
- -
Event Handling
command line

console application

graphical user interface (GUI)
pull down menu Text field

close window click button
Event Sources Event listeners Event
java window manager

eventsevent

mouse event
W event listener
Keyboard events
mouse move events
mouse click events

Window close events
Button click events

- -
event listener classes

K
event source
event listener
W user interface component
Button click eventsbutton
menu selection eventmenu
scrollbar adjustment eventscrollbar
Kevent source
W
an applet
MouseEventThe event class J

EyxF

MouseListenerThe listener class J

MouseEvent
component
The event source J
the applet
EJ FEventObject event classes
getSourceEventObjectK

getYgetXMouseEvent
- -
EventObject
AWTEvent
ActionEvent
Component Event
InputEvent
MouseEvent
WindowEvent
KeyEvent
EJ F

MouseListener interface
public interface Mouselistener

{
void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event)
// called when the mouse has been clicked on a component
void mouseEntered (MouseEvent event)
// called when the mouse enters a component
void mouseExited (MouseEvent event)
// called when the mouse exits a component
void mousePressed (MouseEvent event)
// called when the mouse button has been presseded on a component
void mouseReleaseded (MouseEvent event)
// called when the mouse button has been releaseded on a component
}
- -
MouseSpy
EYxFMouselistener
EJ F
appletaddMouseListener
addMouseListenerMouseSpy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
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30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
//listen to mouse evnts in an applet

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
public class MouseSpyApplet extends Applet
{
public MouseSpyApplet()
{
MouseSpy listener = new MouseSpy();
addMouseListener(listener);
}
}
class MouseSpy implements MouseListener
{
public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Mouse cliked. x= " +event.getX() +
" Y= " +event.getY());
}
public void mouseEntered (MouseEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Mouse entered. x= " +event.getX() +
}
public void mouseExited (MouseEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Mouse exited. x= " +event.getX() +
}
public void mousePressed (MouseEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Mouse pressed. x= " +event.getX() +
}
public void mouseReleased (MouseEvent event)
{
System.out.println("Mouse released. x= " +event.getX() +
}
41. }
(-)
- -

the applet
EJ F
EJ F
mousePressedy=147x=474
mouseReleasedy=161x=168
y=103x=94
mouseClickedmouseReleasedmousePressed
y=286x=216 applet
y=319x=239 mouseEntered
KmouseExited
EJ F
- -
Event Adapter
listener
Klistener methods
mouse click
mouse releasedmouse pressed
methods
1. class MouseClickListener implements MouseListener
2. {
3. public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event)
4. {
5.
// mouse click action here
6. }
7. public void mouseEntered (MouseEvent event)

8.
{
9.
// do nothing
10. }
11. public void mouseExited (MouseEvent event)
12. {
13.
// do nothing
14. }
15. public void mousePressed (MouseEvent event)
16. {
17.
// do nothing
18.
19. }
20. public void mouseReleased (MouseEvent event)
21. {
22.
// do nothing
23.
24. }
25. }
methods MouseListener interface adapter class
do nothing
1. class MouseAdapter implements MouseListener
2. // This class is defined in the java.awt.event package
3. {
4. public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event)
5. {
6.
// do nothing
7. }
8. public void mouseEntered (MouseEvent event)
9.
{
- -
10.
// do nothing
11. }
12. public void mouseExited (MouseEvent event)
13. {
14.
// do nothing
15. }
16. public void mousePressed (MouseEvent event)
17. {
18.
// do nothing
19. }
20. public void mouseReleased (MouseEvent event)
21. {
22.
// do nothing
23. }
24. }
MouseAddapterK
class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter
{
public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event)
{
// mouse click action here
}
ActionListener listener interface

implement interface
java.awt.event extend the adapter

E F
two methods adapter class
WindowListener

Implementing Listener as inner class
System.out
ellipse EJ F
K
import java.awt.*;
W
- -
import java.awt.geom.*;
public class EggApplet extends Applet
{
public EggApplet()
{
egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(0,0,EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HIGHT);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
g2.draw(egg);
}
private Ellipse2D.Double egg;
private static final double EGG_WIDTH = 30;
private static final double EGG_HIGHT = 50;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
public class EggApplet extends Applet
{
public EggApplet()
{
egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(0,0,EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HIGHT);
// add mouse click listener
MouseClickListener listener = new MouseClickListener();
addMouseListener(listener);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
g2.draw(egg);
}
private Ellipse2D.Double egg;
private static final double EGG_WIDTH = 30;
private static final double EGG_HIGHT = 50;
class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter
{
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
- -
int mouseX=event.getX();
int mouseY=event.getY();
// now move the ellipse to (mouseX, MouseY)
egg.setFrame(mouseX-EGG_WIDTH/2, mouseY-EGG_HIGHT/2,
EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HIGHT);
repaint();
MouseClickListener
KEggApplet
C:\programming 3\chapter10\EggApplet\EggApplet.java:52: cannot resolve symbol

symbol : variable EGG_WIDTH
location: class MouseClickListener
^
symbol : variable EGG_HIGHT
^
symbol : variable EGG_WIDTH
^
symbol : variable EGG_HIGHT
^
symbol : variable egg
^
symbol : method repaint ()
repaint();
^
6 errors
Process completed.
- -
event listener
inner class
instance variables
Class OuterClassName
{
accessSpecifier
{
methods
variables
}
class
InnerClassName
EJ FEJ F
1. // using inner class

2. import java.awt.*;
3. import java.applet.*;
4. import java.awt.event.*;
5. import java.awt.geom.*;
6. public class EggApplet extends Applet
7. {
8. public EggApplet()
9. {
10. egg = new Ellipse2D.Double(0,0,EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HIGHT);
11. // add mouse click listener
12. MouseClickListener listener = new MouseClickListener();
13. addMouseListener(listener);
14. }
15. public void paint(Graphics g)
16. {
17. Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
18. g2.draw(egg);
19. }
20. private Ellipse2D.Double egg;
21. private static final double EGG_WIDTH = 30;
22. private static final double EGG_HIGHT = 50;
23. // inner class definition
24.
25. private class MouseClickListener extends MouseAdapter
26. {
- -
27. public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)

28. {
29. int mouseX=event.getX();
30. int mouseY=event.getY();
31. // now move the ellipse to (mouseX, MouseY)
32. egg.setFrame(mouseX-EGG_WIDTH/2, mouseY-EGG_HIGHT/2,
33. EGG_WIDTH, EGG_HIGHT);
34. repaint();
35. }
36. }
37. }
EJ F
EJ F
- -
Frame Windows
applets

java applications
bordertitle barframe window
javax.swingJFrame
showsetTitlesetSize
EJ Fwindow manager
main

JFrameEmptyFrame
frame
main EmptyFrame

1. import javax.swing.JFrame;
2. public class FrameTest1
3. { public static void main (String[] args)
4.
{ EmptyFrame frame = new EmptyFrame();
5.
frame.setTitle("frameTest");
6.
frame.show();
7.
}
8. }
9. class EmptyFrame extends JFrame
10. {
11. public EmptyFrame()
12. {
13. final int DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH =300;
14. final int DEFAULT_FRAME_HIGHT =300;
15. setSize(DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, DEFAULT_FRAME_HIGHT);
16. }
17. }
EJ F
main
graphical programsconsole programs
new thread
main
threadmain
- -
System.exit(0)
mainK
public class FrameTest1

public static void main (String[] args)
frame.setTitle("frameTest");
frame.show();
System.exit(0); // Error
window events

dispose
EF K
window listener
WWindowListener
Public interface WindowListener
void windowOpend(windowEvent e);

void windowClosed(windowEvent e);
void windowActivated(windowEvent e);
void windowDeactivated(windowEvent e);
void windowIconified(windowEvent e);
void windowDeiconfied(windowEvent e);
- -
void windowClosing(windowEvent e);
JFrame

System.exit JFrame K
windowClosing
WindowListener WindowAdapter
WindowCloser
do
class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter
nothing
WindowAdapter
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)

System.exit(0);
WindowCloser
EJ FaddWindowListener
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class FrameTest2
{
public static void main (String[] args)
frame.setTitle("Close me!");
frame.show();
}
}
class EmptyFrame extends JFrame
{public EmptyFrame()
{
final int DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH =300;
final int DEFAULT_FRAME_HIGHT =300;
setSize(DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, DEFAULT_FRAME_HIGHT);
WindowCloser listener = new WindowCloser();
addWindowListener(listener1);
- -
private class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter

public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
System.exit(0);
EJ F

EJ F
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K
W
W
K K
K
K K
K K
- -

W

K
components
objects
W

JLabel
JTextField
JButton
JCheckBox
JcomboBox
JList
JPanel
swing

Java 2 javax.swing
swing K1.2 platform

KPure Java Components
- -
AWT
GUI
button platform

KApple Macintosh Apple Macintosh
swing
K
swing
JLabel
KGUI JLabel
JLabel
K
WJLabel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
// Demonstrating the JLabel class.

// Java core packages
import java.awt.*;
public class LabelTest extends JFrame {
private JLabel label1, label2, label3;
// set up GUI
public LabelTest()
{
super( "Testing JLabel" );
// get content pane and set its layout
Container container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
// JLabel constructor with a string argument
- -
24
25
label1 = new JLabel( "Label with text" );

label1.setToolTipText( "This is label1" );
26
27
28
29
container.add( label1 );
// JLabel constructor with string, Icon and
// alignment arguments
30
31
32
Icon bug = new ImageIcon( "bug1.gif" );

label2 = new JLabel( "Label with text and icon",
bug, SwingConstants.LEFT );
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

// JLabel constructor no arguments
label3 = new JLabel();
label3.setText( "Label with icon and text at bottom" );
label3.setIcon( bug );
abel3.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER );
label3.setVerticalTextPosition( SwingConstants.BOTTOM );
setSize( 275, 170 );
setVisible( true );
}
// execute application
{
LabelTest application = new LabelTest();
application.setDefaultCloseOperation(
JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
}
}
// end class LabelTest
- -
K JLabelEF
JLabelKEJ FLabelTest Constructor
KK?Label with text?
setToolTipText
Kcontent pane label1

Iconswing
KsetIcon
ImageIcon Icon interface
KGPEGGIF, PNGWimage formats
bug1.gif KImageIcon
folder ImageIcon
Kbug Icon ImageIconK
KIconImageIconIconImageIcon
JLabel J JLabel
bug?Label with text and Icon?label
KLabel
KSwingConstants.LEFT
K label
setHorizontalAlignment label
Klabel2 tool tip KsetVerticalAlignment
label Kcontent pane
label3 setText
label3 setIcon KgetText label
J KgetIcon
setVerticalTextPosition setHorizontalTextPosition
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Klabel
K
label3 label3
Kcontent pane
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KJPasswordFieldJTextField
JPasswordField JTextField
JPasswordFieldK
enter K
event
Klistener
JPasswordField JTextField
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// Demonstrating the JTextField class.

import java.awt.*;
public class TextFieldTest extends JFrame {
private JTextField textField1, textField2, textField3;
private JPasswordField passwordField;
// set up GUI
public TextFieldTest()
{
super( "Testing JTextField and JPasswordField" );
// construct textfield with default sizing
textField1 = new JTextField( 10 );
container.add( textField1 );
// construct textfield with default text
textField2 = new JTextField( "Enter text here" );
// construct textfield with default text and
// 20 visible elements and no event handler
textField3 = new JTextField( "Uneditable text field", 20 );
textField3.setEditable( false );
// construct textfield with default text
passwordField = new JPasswordField( "Hidden text" );
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container.add( passwordField );
// register event handlers
TextFieldHandler handler = new TextFieldHandler();
textField1.addActionListener( handler );
passwordField.addActionListener( handler );
setSize( 325, 100 );
setVisible( true );
}
{
TextFieldTest application = new TextFieldTest();
}
// private inner class for event handling
private class TextFieldHandler implements ActionListener {
// process text field events
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event )
{
String string = "";
// user pressed Enter in JTextField textField1
if ( event.getSource() == textField1 )
string = "textField1: " + event.getActionCommand();
else if ( event.getSource() == textField2 )
else if ( event.getSource() == textField3 )
// user pressed Enter in JTextField passwordField
else if ( event.getSource() == passwordField ) {
JPasswordField pwd =
( JPasswordField ) event.getSource();
string = "passwordField: " +
new String( passwordField.getPassword() );
}
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, string );
}
}
// end private inner class TextFieldHandler
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// end class TextFieldTest
JPasswordField JTextField J
KJ constructors
textField1 K textField1
Kcontent pane
?Enter Text Here?textField2
Kcontent paneK
- -
JTextField textField3
KEF,?Uneditable Text field?
false setEditable
Kcontent paneK
?Hidden Text? PasswordField passwordField

K
K asterisks
Kcontent pane
TextFieldHandler
ActionListener interface EJ F
K ActionListener TextFieldHandler
Handler TextFieldHandler
Kevent-listener
handler J
EenterF
KactionPerformed
actionPerformed
ActionEvent getSource
getActionCommand String string
TextField ActionEvent
JPasswordField getPassword
K
- -
JButtonEF
command buttons, check boxes, radio buttons

K
KCommand Buttons
K ActionEvent
KJButton
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// Creating JButtons.
import java.awt.*;
public class ButtonTest extends JFrame {
private JButton plainButton, fancyButton;
// set up GUI
public ButtonTest()
{
super( "Testing Buttons" );
// create buttons
plainButton = new JButton( "Plain Button" );
container.add( plainButton );
Icon bug1 = new ImageIcon( "bug1.gif" );
Icon bug2 = new ImageIcon( "bug2.gif" );
fancyButton = new JButton( "Fancy Button", bug1 );
fancyButton.setRolloverIcon( bug2 );
container.add( fancyButton );
// create an instance of inner class ButtonHandler
// to use for button event handling
ButtonHandler handler = new ButtonHandler();
fancyButton.addActionListener( handler );
plainButton.addActionListener( handler );
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setSize( 275, 100 );

setVisible( true );
}
{
ButtonTest application = new ButtonTest();
}
// inner class for button event handling
private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener {
// handle button event
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"You pressed: " + event.getActionCommand() );
}
}
}
// end private inner class ButtonHandler
// end class ButtonTest
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JButtons
KJLabel
KEJ FButtonHandlerinner class
fancyButton plainButton W JButton

K
K?plain button? plainButton

Kcontent pane
JButton
rollover icon
ImageIcon J K
K rolover icon
K
Kbug1 ? Fancy Button? fancyButton

setRolloverIcon K
K
Kcontent pane
J ActionEvent EJTextField F JButton

J K listener
actionPerformedButtonHandler
K
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KJCheckBox
JCheckBox
E F JCheckBox
JTextField
K
K
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// Creating Checkbox buttons.

import java.awt.*;
public class CheckBoxTest extends JFrame {
private JTextField field;
private JCheckBox bold, italic;
// set up GUI
public CheckBoxTest()
{
super( "JCheckBox Test" );
// set up JTextField and set its font
field =
new JTextField( "Watch the font style change", 20 );
field.setFont( new Font( "Serif", Font.PLAIN, 14 ) );
container.add( field );
// create checkbox objects
bold = new JCheckBox( "Bold" );
container.add( bold );
italic = new JCheckBox( "Italic" );
container.add( italic );
// register listeners for JCheckBoxes
CheckBoxHandler handler = new CheckBoxHandler();
bold.addItemListener( handler );
italic.addItemListener( handler );
setSize( 275, 100 );
setVisible( true );
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}
{
CheckBoxTest application = new CheckBoxTest();
}
// private inner class for ItemListener event handling
private class CheckBoxHandler implements ItemListener {
private int valBold = Font.PLAIN;
private int valItalic = Font.PLAIN;
// respond to checkbox events
public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent event )
{
// process bold checkbox events
if ( event.getSource() == bold )
if ( event.getStateChange() == ItemEvent.SELECTED )
valBold = Font.BOLD;
else
valBold = Font.PLAIN;
// process italic checkbox events
if ( event.getSource() == italic )
valItalic = Font.ITALIC;
else
valItalic = Font.PLAIN;
// set text field font
field.setFont(
new Font( "Serif", valBold + valItalic, 14 ) );
}
}
}
// end private inner class CheckBoxHandler
// end class CheckBoxTest
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K PLAINserif
KJ JCheckBox
KJCheckBox
ItemEvent
ItemListener
KitemStateChanged
bold itemStateChanged
K event.getSource() Kitalic
getStateChanged J if/else bold

W ItemEvent
EItemEvent.DESELECTED ItemEvent.SELECTEDF
valBold Font.BOLD
italic K Font.PLAIN
valItalic Font.ITALIC
valItalic valBoldK Font.PLAIN

KJTextFieldJ
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KJRadioButton
JCheckBox JRadioButton
radio buttons H Eselected and deselectedF
JRadioButtonsKdeselected
F ButtonGroup
Ejavax.swing
KJRadioButtons
JCheckBox
radio buttonsK
K
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// Creating radio buttons using ButtonGroup and JRadioButton.

import java.awt.*;
public class RadioButtonTest extends JFrame {
private JTextField field;
private Font plainFont, boldFont, italicFont, boldItalicFont;
private JRadioButton plainButton, boldButton, italicButton,
boldItalicButton;
private ButtonGroup radioGroup;
// create GUI and fonts
public RadioButtonTest()
{
super( "RadioButton Test" );
// set up JTextField
field =
new JTextField( "Watch the font style change", 25 );
container.add( field );
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// create radio buttons

plainButton = new JRadioButton( "Plain", true );
container.add( plainButton );
boldButton = new JRadioButton( "Bold", false);
container.add( boldButton );
italicButton = new JRadioButton( "Italic", false );
container.add( italicButton );
boldItalicButton = new JRadioButton(
"Bold/Italic", false );
container.add( boldItalicButton );
// register events for JRadioButtons
RadioButtonHandler handler = new RadioButtonHandler();
plainButton.addItemListener( handler );
boldButton.addItemListener( handler );
italicButton.addItemListener( handler );
boldItalicButton.addItemListener( handler );
// create logical relationship between JRadioButtons
radioGroup = new ButtonGroup();
radioGroup.add( plainButton );
radioGroup.add( boldButton );
radioGroup.add( italicButton );
radioGroup.add( boldItalicButton );
// create font objects
plainFont = new Font( "Serif", Font.PLAIN, 14 );
boldFont = new Font( "Serif", Font.BOLD, 14 );
italicFont = new Font( "Serif", Font.ITALIC, 14 );
boldItalicFont =
new Font( "Serif", Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC, 14 );
field.setFont( plainFont );
setSize( 300, 100 );
setVisible( true );
}
{
RadioButtonTest application = new RadioButtonTest();
}
// private inner class to handle radio button events
private class RadioButtonHandler implements ItemListener {
// handle radio button events
{
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// user clicked plainButton

if ( event.getSource() == plainButton )
field.setFont( plainFont );
// user clicked boldButton
else if ( event.getSource() == boldButton )
field.setFont( boldFont );
// user clicked italicButton
else if ( event.getSource() == italicButton )
field.setFont( italicFont );
// user clicked boldItalicButton
else if ( event.getSource() == boldItalicButton )
field.setFont( boldItalicFont );
}
}
}
// end private inner class RadioButtonHandler
// end class RadioButtonTest
JRadioButton J
content pane
ElabelF JRadioButton
KselecttrueK
ItemEvent JCheckBox JRadioButtons

) RadioButtonHandler J K
ItemEvent (J
KJRadioButtons
- -
radioGroup ButtonGroup
JRadioButton
ButtonGroup add J K
KradioGroupJRadioGroup
ItemListener EJ F RadioButtonHandler
KJRadioButton ItemEvent
radioGroup JRadioButton
EJ F itemStateChanged
KgetSource
JComboBox
K JComboBox
JRadioButtonJCheckBoxJComboBox
KKItemEvent
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// Using a JComboBox to select an image to display.

import java.awt.*;
public class ComboBoxTest extends JFrame {
private JComboBox imagesComboBox;
private JLabel label;
private String names[] =
{ "bug1.gif", "bug2.gif", "travelbug.gif", "buganim.gif" };
private Icon icons[] = { new ImageIcon( names[ 0 ] ),
new ImageIcon( names[ 1 ] ), new ImageIcon( names[ 2 ] ),
new ImageIcon( names[ 3 ] ) };
// set up GUI
public ComboBoxTest()
{
super( "Testing JComboBox" );
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// set up JComboBox and register its event handler
imagesComboBox = new JComboBox( names );
imagesComboBox.setMaximumRowCount( 3 );
imagesComboBox.addItemListener(
// anonymous inner class to handle JComboBox events
new ItemListener() {
// handle JComboBox event
{
// determine whether check box selected
label.setIcon( icons[
imagesComboBox.getSelectedIndex() ] );
}
}
// end anonymous inner class
); // end call to addItemListener

container.add( imagesComboBox );
// set up JLabel to display ImageIcons
label = new JLabel( icons[ 0 ] );
container.add( label );
setSize( 350, 100 );
setVisible( true );
}
{
ComboBoxTest application = new ComboBoxTest();
}
}
// end class ComboBoxTest
- -
JComboBox

K JLabelIcon
iconsJ
names StringImageIcon
K
names JComboBox
EF K K
KEF
KK
JComboBoxsetMaximumRowCount
K

EF J K
KimagesComboBox ItemListener
EJ F itemStateChanged
- -
icons Klabel
KgetSelectedIndex
Layout Managers
Containers GUI Components

WKContainer
java.awt.Applet, FlowLayout
java.awt.Panel, javax.swing.Jpanel.
K
Content pane BorderLayout

WJApplet JFrame
K
K GridLayout
K
FlowLayout
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// Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments.

import java.awt.*;
public class FlowLayoutDemo extends JFrame {
private JButton leftButton, centerButton, rightButton;
private Container container;
private FlowLayout layout;
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// set up GUI and register button listeners

public FlowLayoutDemo()
{
super( "FlowLayout Demo" );
layout = new FlowLayout();
container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout( layout );
// set up leftButton and register listener
leftButton = new JButton( "Left" );
leftButton.addActionListener(
// anonymous inner class
new ActionListener() {
// process leftButton event
{
layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.LEFT );
// re-align attached components
layout.layoutContainer( container );
}
}
// end anonymous inner class
); // end call to addActionListener

container.add( leftButton );
// set up centerButton and register listener
centerButton = new JButton( "Center" );
centerButton.addActionListener(
// process centerButton event
{
layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.CENTER );
}
}
);
container.add( centerButton );
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// set up rightButton and register listener

rightButton = new JButton( "Right" );
rightButton.addActionListener(
// process rightButton event
{
layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.RIGHT );
}
}
);
container.add( rightButton );
setSize( 300, 75 );
setVisible( true );
}
{
FlowLayoutDemo application = new FlowLayoutDemo();
}
}
// end class FlowLayoutDemo
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FlowLayout JButtons
Left
Center Right
K
Container Layout
setLayout
KLayout.setAlignment
BorderLayout
W Container
K K
K container
K K
K
K
WBorderLayout
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// Demonstrating BorderLayout.
import java.awt.*;
public class BorderLayoutDemo extends JFrame
private JButton buttons[];
private String names[] = { "Hide North", "Hide South",
"Hide East", "Hide West", "Hide Center" };
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private BorderLayout layout;

// set up GUI and event handling
public BorderLayoutDemo()
{
super( "BorderLayout Demo" );
layout = new BorderLayout( 5, 5 );
container.setLayout( layout );
// instantiate button objects
buttons = new JButton[ names.length ];
for ( int count = 0; count < names.length; count++ ) {
buttons[ count ] = new JButton( names[ count ] );
buttons[ count ].addActionListener( this );
}
// place buttons in BorderLayout; order not important
container.add( buttons[ 0 ], BorderLayout.NORTH );
container.add( buttons[ 1 ], BorderLayout.SOUTH );
container.add( buttons[ 2 ], BorderLayout.EAST );
container.add( buttons[ 3 ], BorderLayout.WEST );
container.add( buttons[ 4 ], BorderLayout.CENTER );
setSize( 300, 200 );
setVisible( true );
}
// handle button events
{
for ( int count = 0; count < buttons.length; count++ )
if ( event.getSource() == buttons[ count ] )
buttons[ count ].setVisible( false );
else
buttons[ count ].setVisible( true );
// re-layout the content pane
layout.layoutContainer( getContentPane() );
}
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{
BorderLayoutDemo application = new BorderLayoutDemo();
}
}
// end class BorderLayoutDemo
GridLayout
Grid container

KGridLayoutK
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// Demonstrating GridLayout.
import java.awt.*;
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public class GridLayoutDemo extends JFrame
private JButton buttons[];
private String names[] =
{ "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six" };
private boolean toggle = true;
private Container container;
private GridLayout grid1, grid2;
// set up GUI
public GridLayoutDemo()
{
super( "GridLayout Demo" );
// set up layouts
grid1 = new GridLayout( 2, 3, 5, 5 );
grid2 = new GridLayout( 3, 2 );
container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout( grid1 );
// create and add buttons
buttons = new JButton[ names.length ];
for( int count = 0; count < names.length; count++ ) {
buttons[ count ] = new JButton( names[ count ] );
buttons[ count ].addActionListener( this );
container.add( buttons[ count ] );
}
setSize( 300, 150 );
setVisible( true );
}
// handle button events by toggling between layouts
{
if ( toggle )
else
toggle = !toggle;
// set toggle to opposite value
container.validate();
}
{
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GridLayoutDemo application = new GridLayoutDemo();

}
}
// end class GridLayoutDemo
- -
WE
a) buttonName =JButton(Caption);
b) JLabel aLabel, JLabel;
c) TextField = new JTextField(50, Default Text);
d) Container c = getContentPane();
setLayout (new BorderLayout());
button1 = newJButton (North Star);
button2 = newJButton (South Pole);
c.add(button1);
c.add(button2);
E
OK
X: 8
Snap to Grid
Cancel
Show Grid
Y: 8
Help
E
K
EJTextFieldJButtons F
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4
1
0
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2
.
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=
- -
/
*
+

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
KK
W
W
K
K
K
K
- -
variable scope
K
K

K
W
Sequential Access Files Ka
Random Access Files Kb
W Text files Ki
Characters
W Binary files Kii
Bytes
- -
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K
import java.io.*;
//Class Definition
class ReadTextFilel
{
public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException
{
String fileName = c:/temp/toRead.txt;
String line;
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (new
FileReader (filename) );
line = in.readLine();
while (line != null) // continue until end of file;
{
System.out.prinln(line);
Line = in.readLine();
}
in.close();
}
}
java.io package W
K
ReadTextFile1 W J
? main
main ?FileNotFound
Kthrows IOException
- -
W
fileName
line W
K
BufferedReader in WJ
fileName
KFileReader
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (new FileReader (fileName) );
in W
K
line = in.readln ();

linein
K
W
EwhileF
Knull
while (line != null)
WJ
{
K
System.out.prinln(line);
line = in.readLine();
}
- -
Kin
in.close();
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import java.io.*;
class ReadWithTokenizer
{
public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException
{
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (
new FileReader (fileName) );
StreamTokenizer reader = new StreamTokenizer(in);
reader.nextToken();
While (reader.ttype != StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF)
//continue until end of file
{
String word = reader.sval;
System.out.println (word);
Reader.nextToken();
}
in.close();
}
}
- -
java.io package W
K
ReadwithTokenizerWJ
Kmain
W
KfileName
BufferedReader in WJ
fileName
KFileReader
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (new FileReader (fileName) );
W
Tokens
readerStreamTokenizer
StreamTokenizer reader = new StreamTokenizer(in);
nextToken()W
KreaderStreamTokenizer
reader.nextToken();
W
abstracted
StreamTokenizerTT_EOF
while (reader.ttype != StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF)
- -
reader.nextTokenW
reader
Ksvalnval
String word = reader.sval;
W
System.out.println (word);
reader.nextToken ();
WW
in.close ();
While (reader.nextToken() != StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF)

//continue until end of file
{
if (reader.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD)
System.out.println( A word: + reader.sval);
Else if (reader.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER)
System.out.println( A number: + reader.nal);
}
StreamTokenizer
TT_NUMBERStringTT_WORD
readerK
WKttype
if (reader.ttype == StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD)
- -
WK
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import java.io.*;
public class WriteTextFile
{
public static void main (String args[] throws IOExcepetion
{
String filename = reaper.txt
PrintWriter print = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter (
new FileWriter (filename)));
print.println(College of Telecommunication and Information);
print.println(Computer Department);
print.println(Programming);
print.println(Java 3);
print.close();
}
}

KPrintWriterprint
println print
K
- -
KK
1
2 import java.io.*
3 class ReadWrite
4 {
5
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
6
{
7
String[] line = new String[10];
8
load (line);
9
10
/* --------m ----------------*/
11
12
commit (line);
13
}
14
//
15
Public static void load (String[] line) throws IOException
16
17 {
String filename =c:/temp/toRead.txt;
18
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (new
19
FileReader(filename));
20
Line[0] = in.readln();
21
int i = 0;
22
while (line[i] != null) //
23
24
{
25
System.out.println(line[i]);
26
i++;
27
Line[i] = in.readln();
28
}
29
in.close();
30
}
- -
31 //
32
33
public static void commit (String[] line) throws IOException
34 {
35
String filename =c:/temp/toRead.txt;
36
BufferedWriter print = new BufferedWriter (new
37
38 FileWriter(filename));
39
int i = 0;
40
while (line[i] != null) //
41
{
42
print.println(line[i]);
43
i++;
44
}
45
print.close();
46
}
47
48 }
- -
E
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
WE
_______________________________________K
_______________________________________K
WEE
_______________________________________K
_______________________________________K
E
EADTFK

K
- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
K
W
W
K
K
- -
Random- Sequential files W
access files
K
K
Relational Database
Structured systems
Query Language (SQL)
K
K SQL
Microsoft Access, Sybase, Oracle, Informix, Microsoft SQL W
Microsoft KServer
KSQL OracleAccess
Books
KOracleAccess
ISBN W
W
- -
Primary F
AutherID
FirstName
LastName
YearBorn
EKey
AutherId
1
2
3
FirstName
Ali
Salem
Abdullah
W
LastName
Suliman
Khalid
Amer
YearBorn
1960
1975
1963
EF

PublisherID

PublisherName
PublisherID
1
2
PublisherName
Prentice Hall
Prentice Hall PTR
ISBN

ISBN
ISBN
AutherID
- -
WISBN
ISBN
0-13-010671-2
0-13-015231-2
0-14-044131-7
0-11-028271-4
0-10-070471-1
AutherID
1
2
1
3
2

ISBN
ISBN

Title
EditionNo
YearPublished
PublisherId
ISBN
Title
0-13-010671-2
0-13-015231-2
0-14-044131-7
0-11-028271-4
0-10-070471-1
C How to program
C++ How to Program
Java How to program
Oracle PL/SQL
Internet Programming
:
Edition YearPublisherID
No
Published
2
1994
1
3
1997
1
2
1992
1
2
1999
2
1
1998
1
Access Relational database Management Systems

KOracle
- -
KW
SELECT * from Author

ORDER BY FirstName
KJTable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
// Fig. 18.24: TableDisplay.java

// This program displays the contents of the Authors table
// in the Books database.
import java.sql.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TableDisplay extends JFrame {
private Connection connection;
private JTable table;
public TableDisplay()
{
// The URL specifying the Books database to which
// this program connects using JDBC to connect to a
// Microsoft ODBC database.
String url = "jdbc:odbc:Books";
String username = "anonymous";
String password = "guest";
// Load the driver to allow connection to the database
try {
Class.forName( "sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver" );
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
- -
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
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52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
url, username, password );

}
catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfex ) {
System.err.println(
"Failed to load JDBC/ODBC driver." );
cnfex.printStackTrace();
System.exit( 1 ); // terminate program
}
catch ( SQLException sqlex ) {
System.err.println( "Unable to connect" );
sqlex.printStackTrace();
}
getTable();
setSize( 450, 150 );
show();
}
private void getTable()
{
Statement statement;
ResultSet resultSet;
try {
String query = "SELECT * FROM Author";
statement = connection.createStatement();
resultSet = statement.executeQuery( query );
displayResultSet( resultSet );
statement.close();
}
}
}
private void displayResultSet( ResultSet rs )
throws SQLException
{
// position to first record
- -
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
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98
99
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101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
boolean moreRecords = rs.next();

// If there are no records, display a message
if ( ! moreRecords ) {
"ResultSet contained no records" );
setTitle( "No records to display" );
return;
}
setTitle( "Authors table from Books" );
Vector columnHeads = new Vector();
Vector rows = new Vector();
try {
// get column heads
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
for ( int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); ++i )
columnHeads.addElement( rsmd.getColumnName( i ) );
// get row data
do {
rows.addElement( getNextRow( rs, rsmd ) );
} while ( rs.next() );
// display table with ResultSet contents
table = new JTable( rows, columnHeads );
JScrollPane scroller = new JScrollPane( table );
getContentPane().add(
scroller, BorderLayout.CENTER );
validate();
}
}
}
private Vector getNextRow( ResultSet rs,
ResultSetMetaData rsmd )
throws SQLException
- -
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
{
Vector currentRow = new Vector();
switch( rsmd.getColumnType( i ) ) {
case Types.VARCHAR:
currentRow.addElement( rs.getString( i ) );
break;
case Types.INTEGER:
currentRow.addElement(
new Long( rs.getLong( i ) ) );
break;
default:
System.out.println( "Type was: " +
rsmd.getColumnTypeName( i ) );
}
return currentRow;
}
public void shutDown()
{
try {
connection.close();
}
System.err.println( "Unable to disconnect" );
}
}
{
final TableDisplay app = new TableDisplay();
{
app.shutDown();
System.exit( 0 );
}
- -
154
155
156
}
);
}
}
import java.sql.*
Classes java.sql

Connection Object
SQL
KTransactions
TableDisplay Class Constructor

KgetTable
String url = "jdbc:odbc:Books";

String username = "anonymous";
String password = "guest";
URL W
odbc jdbc
password username K
ODBC
jdbc.odbc.jdbcodbcDriver Driver
K
class forName
Database driver
- -
try block java.lang.classNotFound

Kcatch block
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password );
DriverManager getConnection
K URL
java.sql.sqlException
KgetTable
displayResultSet gettable
KJTable
Statement statement
Ejava.sql F Statement SQL

SQL
ResultSet resultSet
resultSet
KSQL
statement CreateStatement
resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
executeQuery
displayResult resultSetK
K
displayResultSet
moreRecords
next ResultSet
BooleannextK
ETrueF
- -
Vector KEFalseF
ResultSet
KResultSetJTableResultSet
W

ResultSet
MetaData
ResultSetMetaData Krsmd
getColumnCount ResultSet
getColumnName
W
do
rows.addElement (getNextRow (rs, rsmd ) );

while (rs.next() );
getNextRow ResultSet

ResultSet rs.next()
KResultSet
JTable
ResultSetMetaData ResultSet E F getNextRow

KResultSet
Kcloseshutdown
- -
KODBCBooks.mdb??
ODBC
KODBC
W
WindowsControl Panel
KODBC Data Sources

Add User DSN
KMicrosoft Access DriverAccess

K
- -
ODBC Microsoft Access
Data JDBC
KSource Name
- -
DescriptionEF
Select K
EBooks.mdbF K
OK K
Advanced K
anonymous K
guest K
OK K
ODBC Microsoft Access SetupOKK K
ODBC Data Source AdministratorOKK K
- -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// DisplayQueryResults.java
// This program displays the ResultSet returned by a
// query on the Books database.
import java.sql.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class DisplayQueryResults extends JFrame {
// java.sql types needed for database processing
private Statement statement;
private ResultSet resultSet;
private ResultSetMetaData rsMetaData;
- -
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
// javax.swing types needed for GUI

private JTable table;
private JTextArea inputQuery;
private JButton submitQuery;
public DisplayQueryResults()
{
super( "Enter Query. Click Submit to See Results." );
// The URL specifying the Books database to which
// this program connects using JDBC to connect to a
// Microsoft ODBC database.
String url = "jdbc:odbc:test";
String username = "moh";
String password = "moh";
// Load the driver to allow connection to the database
try {
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
url, username, password );
}
catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfex ) {
System.err.println(
"Failed to load JDBC/ODBC driver." );
cnfex.printStackTrace();
}
System.err.println( "Unable to connect" );
}
// If connected to database, set up GUI
inputQuery =
new JTextArea( "SELECT * FROM Authors", 4, 30 );
submitQuery = new JButton( "Submit query" );
submitQuery.addActionListener(
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
- -
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
{
getTable();
}
}
);
JPanel topPanel = new JPanel();
topPanel.setLayout( new BorderLayout() );
topPanel.add( new JScrollPane( inputQuery),
BorderLayout.CENTER );
topPanel.add( submitQuery, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
table = new JTable( 4, 4 );
c.setLayout( new BorderLayout() );
c.add( topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH );
c.add( table, BorderLayout.CENTER );
getTable();
setSize( 500, 500 );
show();
}
private void getTable()
{
try {
String query = inputQuery.getText();
resultSet = statement.executeQuery( query );
displayResultSet( resultSet );
}
}
}
private void displayResultSet( ResultSet rs )
throws SQLException
{
- -
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
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120
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125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
// position to first record

// If there are no records, display a message
if ( ! moreRecords ) {
"ResultSet contained no records" );
setTitle( "No records to display" );
return;
}
Vector columnHeads = new Vector();
Vector rows = new Vector();
try {
// get column heads
columnHeads.addElement( rsmd.getColumnName( i ) );
// get row data
do {
rows.addElement( getNextRow( rs, rsmd ) );
} while ( rs.next() );
// display table with ResultSet contents
table = new JTable( rows, columnHeads );
JScrollPane scroller = new JScrollPane( table );
c.remove( 1 );
c.add( scroller, BorderLayout.CENTER );
c.validate();
}
}
}
private Vector getNextRow( ResultSet rs,
ResultSetMetaData rsmd )
throws SQLException
- -
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
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165
166
167
168
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170
171
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
{
Vector currentRow = new Vector();
switch( rsmd.getColumnType( i ) ) {
case Types.VARCHAR:
case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
currentRow.addElement( rs.getString( i ) );
break;
case Types.INTEGER:
currentRow.addElement(
new Long( rs.getLong( i ) ) );
break;
default:
System.out.println( "Type was: " +
rsmd.getColumnTypeName( i ) );
}
return currentRow;
}
public void shutDown()
{
try {
connection.close();
}
System.err.println( "Unable to disconnect" );
}
}
{
final DisplayQueryResults app =
new DisplayQueryResults();
{
app.shutDown();
- -
184
185
186
187
188
System.exit( 0 );
}
}
);
}}
- -
W E

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
K E

K
K K
K K
- -

Java How to Program, Deitel and Deitel, Fourth Edition
- -
.........................................................................................
.............................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.............................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
......................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................
......
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
swing
.........................................................................................
JLabel
.............................
........................................................................................
JButton
.........................................................................................
JComboBox
................................................................................
JPassWordFieldJTextField
JRadioButton
............................................................................................
JComboBox
............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
...................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..........................
..............................................................................................................
.......................................................................
ODBC

EF

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W

Access J Excel Autocad

High level languages

( CALCULATION AND STORE )

Simple Sequential FlowchartsJ

Simple Loop Flowcharts J

WF(x) Eflow chartF

Components of Java programming languages

// Fig. 2-1: Welcome1.java

public class Welcome1 {

Welcome to Java Programming! E2-1F

// Fig. 2-1: Welcome1.java

/* This is a multiplier line

// A first program in Java

public class Welcome1 {

KEF Welcome1 class

// main method begins execution of Java application

public static void main( String args[ ] )

System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );

KStandard Output Object System.out

Welcome to Java Programming! W

// Printing a of text line with multiple statements.

public class Welcome2 {

KNewLine Character? \n?

// Fig. 2-4: Welcome3.java

4. public class Welcome3 {

Welcome t o Java Programming! :

// Printing multiple lines with a single statement.

public class Welcome3 {

\n escape sequence escape sequence

Microsoft internet explorer, Netscape Navigator

methods JOptionPane class

Welcome to Java Programming!

System.exit( 0 ); // terminate application

} // end method main

} // end class Welcome4

K .message Dialog E2-6F

// Java extension packages

Java . sun . com/ j2se/1.3/docs/api/index.html

K??(two arguments) methodKJOptionPane

JOptionPane method showMessage method

System.exit( 0 ); // terminate application

1. // Fig. 2-8 : Addition.java

// read in second number from user as a string

// Fig. 2-8 : Addition.java

import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import class JOptionPane

public class Addition {

// first number to add

int number1, number2 and sum

Primitive data type E2-9F

18// read in first number from user as a string

// read in second number from user as a string

26 number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );

EInteger method F Integer.parseInt method

system . out . println( c + + );

System.out.println( ++c ); // preincrement then print 6

1. // Fig. 2.17 : Logical.java

!= >= <===>=< ===!=

syntax error =! =>=<

40. if ( number1 < number2 )

public class Comparison {

number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );

The variable number is not equal to 10