1

AAEKCAHAP M. HETPOBHT












CPHCKH CTAPHHHH H
KYATYPHA HCTOPH1A
EBPOHE

(Hsnarane ]opmnpano npema cnncnma pennnx nonecnnna n
nnxonoj xynrypnoj ncropnjn)













Honn Ca

2009

2

CAPA1

Vno
Hcropnoco]cxn yx n ynosnane crapnna.....................................................................3-11

I Hosnanane Cpa n cnonencxnx c1apnna npeua nsnopnnu oxyuen1nua

1.O nomnnany cpncxor nmena n neronoj pacnpocrpanenocrn ..12-21
2. emn]ponane crapocpncxor apeana, npema pennnm ncrounnnnma...............22-30
3. 3ema pacnera nsmehy uernpn onnna..............31-37
4. Xepmeneyrnxa `Vcnpanne seme` n nen apean.....................................................38-43
II Henamxn xopenn an1nuxe nnnnnnsannje n uoryhe cpncxocnonencxe nese ca nnua
1. Kapaxrepnsannja nenamxor apeana .44-50
2. Cpn y `nynennm nocnonnma` n `nnerennjy cnonec`......................50-54
3.Anrnuxa oxymenrannja o Henasrnma n nnxone enomnnonane nese ca cnonencxnm
ernnnnma.55-59

III Cpncxn c1apnnnn xao nocnnonn noynancxe xyn1ype
1. Cmnana nnannna na anxancxnm npocropnma xao cnonencxn Onnmn.60-68
2. Apxeorpa]nja xynra ornnmra n xynrnnx onnxa nrpana xona .69-72
3. Cnmonnxa nornanor enor opna n nnrane penne nncmenocrn.....73-84
4. ynan xao xnnoroanna pexa cnonencxor cnera..........85-92
5. Hpnxnarane nepe y orenonene cnona n nnsnje oxancxor Fora...........103-123
Excxypc I: O Anannnma
n nnrany nnxone ayroxronocrn y crapoenponcxom apeany........124-136
Excxypc II: Bnnuancxo nncmo n snann npemena nnnnnnsannje......................137-145

IV Cneouanc1na o Cpnua y panou cpenenexonny
1. O naxnnm eranma y panocpenonexonnnm sanncnma Cnonena145-149
3.Hsnon ns xponnxa xoje nomnny Cnonene o XII nexa snauajnn sa cpncxy
ncropnjy...150-160
4.Cpn n ]nnoco]nja ncropnje xpos pyraunjn npncryn nnnnnnsannjn............161-168

CRXET: HOHHHHBE OKVMEHTB O CEPBCKOH CTAPHHE H 3HAUEHHE
HOHBTHB CHOBO V CHOBBHCKHX HAPOOB...........................................................169-188
SUMMARY: THE PROTOSERBIAN LANGUAGE AND THE WORK OF SAINT KIRILLO AND
METHODIUS AS APOSTLES OF THE SLAVS...............189-201
Fnnnorpa]nja.202-205
Fnonnnorpa]nja ayropa...................................................................................................206-210










3
VBO

Hc1opnocoqcxn yx n ynosnanane c1apnna

Hponem nopexna n crapnne Cpa nocrana ce n xao nno xojn pyrn nponem
nno xor napoa. On ce oyme nanasn n y crncnyrocrn nonnrnuxnx rensnja rsn.
`ncrounor nnrana` xoje je yjeno unnnno n rnannnny norpennx snana n xynrypnnx
ynna nenerpannone nnre y cpncxn apean. a n c ra jenno nonnrnuxa neja
ennmnnncana ca npne nnnnje, norpean je onnxonan yxonnn npncryn xojn he a
yxaxe na xapaxrepncrnxe rexne xa mypom ypeheny nnunocrn n pymrna na
cpncxom rny, na xanocr, cynnme uecro onxopaunnane n sanemapnnane. Xea a ce
npeneperny nnn norncny ncropnjcxe unnennne o onor nonoxaja y nsnarany, re
one saysnmajy cnopean npocrop n ncrn raxan snauaj, nmna je ynopeo ca
enomnnannjom pesynrara xojn cy saonjann y namoj ]nnoco]cxoj, ]nnonomxoj n
apxeonomxoj naynn, napounro y onom nexy. Paonn Hanna Jocn]a Ba]apnxa,
Jencrarnja Mnxajnonnha, Hopenna Cyponjenxor, anopnna Xynxonnua, Mnnoja M.
Bacnha, Hnxa Xynannha, Mnnana Fynmnpa, Co]nje ]on Topma, Mapnje Inmyrac,
Bana Mnnrona Bnna, xojn cy ce namnn no yapom snannunnx nepsnja
nnrepnperannje cpncxe n cnonencxe ncropnje, a no xojoj na Fanxany ne rpea
rpaxnrn nnmra npe VII nnn uax XIX nexa n.e. V raxnom saoxpyxnnany
nenrn]nxannja ca nonnrnuxn npemohnnjnm n noxennjnm nasopnma, xao a je ro
nsneeno na mrery nnacrnror napoa. a n ro ycneno, mnorn cy ycne nonnrnuxor
noospena sa neonomxy nenoonocr nonprnyrn ncrpaxnnauxom saopany n
remenom cymnnueny sa 'cponane', maxap nnmra nncy unnnnn na paspan mpxne
npema pyrnm naponma (mnorn o nnx nncy nn nnn rsn. 'renercxn Cpn').
Cneehn nsnopna oxymenra xoja nam xasyjy o cpncxnm n jyxnoenponcxnm
crapnnama, npexo rsn. ''nsnopa'' onnpemo o ncrounnxa, xojn n nam ornopnnn
norne sa, xonnxo je ro moryhe, nsnopnnjn n unmhn nperne nojana y ncropnjcxnm
cxnononnma. Kaa cy y XIX nexy Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn nrnn cnoj rnac npornn
jenocrpanor n renennnosnor rymauena cnonencxnx crapnna, moxe ce cnoono
pehn a cy nnn nonpnnnuno ycamenn. Fes osnpa na nnxone ymecne npnmee,
'nopnjcxa mxona' jom je nnme noomrpnna cnoje ncropnjcxe nponene, raxo a je
onasnno n o ]enomena ''nop]nporennrnsma'', xo nnaue npncrojno cxpynynosnnx n
nayunoj nenpncrpacnocrn npnxnonennx ayropa.
Axo nmamo y nny raxny xapaxrepnsannjy xoja npxynn xo Gibbon-a n
Falmereyer-a y resn a cy: ''Cnonenn rpoapn anrnuxe xynrype'', a a ce npn rome
yonmre nncy sannrann a nn je crnap n opnyra (sa mra mn nanasnmo anac anexo
nnme nornpa), ona he nam nrn jacnn n neoma xyunn rononn Ba]apnxa n
Cyponjenxor, xojn cy sa rpxo-pnmcxe n xacnnje nnsanrnjcxe ncropnuape, xoje
'nopnjnn' npnxnarajy o nynor n sacnenenor nonepena, nsnenn npnnnuno nopasan
saxyuax. V eny Cyponjenxor, xoje je Ba]apnx naxon nerone cmprn ca orarnm
xomenrapnma npnpeno sa mramny (ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Paul Joseph
Schaffarik nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828), nmamo n neh ncrnnano mnmene a
je nennxa crnap camo ro mro yonmre nmamo nxaxne noarxe xojn nam omoryhanajy
pexoncrpyxnnjy nmena, xao n nonoxaja napoa y crapnnn, na xpajy n ony cacnnm
npnxnarnny npncrpacnocr noromaxa Axejana (Axanann) n opana (opann), ca
4
cnnno nspaxennm aronnsmom n cnenn]nunom rexnnom rsn. 'rpnjym]annor
menrannrera'. Hpnpono je a y nnrannma nenrnrera napoa reopnja ye emornnno
oojena ca noj canpemennm onocom cnara, ann ne naa nn a ye nsnrpana ocnonna
nayuna nepoocrojnocr.
Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn namnn cy ce no nencraxnyrnm cyxoom ca
nopnjcxnm yuennma, xojnma je nonerao nennxn poj cnonencxnx nayunnxa, uax
ynpxoc, na n npornn nnrepeca concrnennx napoa. 3aro je meronuxa cymna xojy je
xao yoxn nosnananan ]nnoco]cxnx meroa cnponeo xao enoxanny mncao Ba]apnx,
nna nnme nero opoomna, jep je omoryhanana npoyanane nnrana n anane
nonor cnerna na camo nansrne camopasymnne unnennne: 3ancra je uyno, a mn
rnm crapnm nncnnma npnnncyjemo cnesnane n nenorpemnnocr, o uemy uax nn onn
camn nncy canann! Crpaon npnsnaje na nnme mecra, a nnrn on, a nnrn onn npe
nera nncy y rom cmncny nemro nnme n nemro cnrypno snann. Hronomej je, ncrnna,
capao ns pasnnx crapnjnx n canpemennx nsnopa romnny nmena, onnmn nasnn
''oxancxor reorpa]a'', ox oner, on n ce n cam namao y neopanom rpoxhy, xaa n
nexo sarpaxno, a nanpann xnacn]nxannjy rnx neronnx nmena no jesnuxoj, nnn nax
xpnnoj cponocrn napoa na xoje ce ra nmena onoce. Tannr, nosnar xao rnannn nsnop
o Iepmannjn, xojn yocranom, onasn cam ca coom y npornnpeunocr, ca pyrnm
nncnnma na uax n ca unnennnama n npnpoom crnapn, npnsnaje, a nnmra ne sna
jacno o onocy n cpocrny Iepmana, Benea n Capmara, npema je no y Iepmannjn.
A Hpoxonnjeno naxnanane o Cxnro-Iornma n Capmaro-Iepmannma rpea a ye sa
nac xanon reneanornje napoa?! He! Cneouancrna nn jenor nn pyror, nnrn nnme
raxnnx cneoxa, one ne moxe a onyun; xpos raxan jean nannpnnr moxe a nac
non jenno cneyxynno ncrpaxnnauxn, ncrnncxn n cneoyxnaran pa. (ber die
Abkunft der Slawen, Paul Joseph Schaffarik nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828., crp.
79/80) Hs anamne nepcnexrnne rneano, nnrane mopa a ce npomnpn n y pyrom
npanny, nanme na jyxnoenponcxy, re npe cnera cpncxocnonencxy crpany. Cem mrypnx
noaraxa neronncna Hecropa ns Knjena, (Hemannhn cy neh raa nmann n cnojy
pxany ca cnnm pacnonoxnnnm amnnncrparnnnnm anaparom xojn je morao a
nopasymena n ncropnorpa]njy napoa nnn apem osnnnje xponnxe), xao n
Hseuoeroeux oau:ua aronannx na IX nex, xoje xasyjy a cy ocrann uynennx 'nnna-
pyna' n sannca na nnma, rorono a n nemamo nenocpennjnx nsnopa, na nnax rpea
nohn n o osnnnjnx noxymaja emn]ponana sannca na apre]axrnma ns Bnnue nnn
Henencxor nnpa.
Ocnm nnmnx Jyrocnonena xojn cy ce na cenepy re necpehne seme
sannmann rnpceno-cnanncrnxom n y rom xoy noxymann a oronerny rsn. Hnep
nnnreyc nnn nanene nonoje ca sanncnma, cxnnyre ca 3arpeauxe mymnje
(nmunranajyhn y nnma cnonennsme: Cnenann, ypmnu Kapnon (npe Capnon), nnn
snarnnx ('zamtic'), mn camn phano crojnmo ca rnm rnnom oxymenrannje, sa mra nam
nnxo pyrn nnje xpnn. H Tpyauon, xojn je y cnom nnnrnncrnuxom ncrpaxnnany
ernorenese Cnonena yseo npanan neronncna Hecropa o npanocrojnnn cnnx Cnonena
na Hoynany, nnje ce ocnprao na ncrpaxnnana Ba]apnxa n Cyponjenxor nonoom
Hpoxonnjenor nmenonana Cnopn (nnje xoncynronao nn Mnnana Fynmnpa, a morao
je), nonoom rpennsannja Parocra n Paomnpa y Anparacroca n Apramepoca, xao n
Cpa y Cnope, o uemy cy ona nojnna anno naronecrnnn: ''Kaxo cy Cnonenn mornn a
naeny cen rpuxo nme? Hme, xoje n npno yaenn Cnonenn mehycono jom ynex
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noce, xao na np. Hyxnuxn Cpn, anxancxn Cpn, pycxn Cpn, a xoje je nexaa nno
omahe n onmrenapono nme, o uemy he ncropnuapn moparn a noe pauyna.'' (ber
die Abkunft der Slawen, c. 80) H. O. Tpyauon ce nnje ocnpnyo nn na xoncrarannjy:
...dass der Name Serb als gesamtname fr alle Stamme derselben windischen
(indischen) Abkunft lter sei, als Slawen (a je nme Cep xao onmre nme sa cna
nnemena nnncxor (nncxor) nopexna crapnje, nero Cnonenn) /ucmo, crp. 66/; a raxohe
nn na ananornjy nmena rpaa 'Fynn' ca ernonnmom Xepooronnx Fynna, nnn nax na
noeronomxn ronoc ''pyce xoce'' ns Byxonnx snpxn npnxynennx naponnx necama ca
Xepooronnm onncom 'nnamennx xoca' nnn Hpoxonnjennm pnhnm, npnenxacrnm -
'xnnepnrnnm xocama', xao n mnornm pyrnm cenepjancxnm ananoronnma.
Houenmn o onaxnnx nesnarnnx eraa, na cne o onnx apxeorpa]cxn
xpynnnjnx, rpacnpan je nyr o onohena y nnrane neonomxn najpacnpocrpanennjer
neponana y ceoy Cpa na Fanxan y cemom cronehy name epe, na nosnn napa
Hpaxnnja. Ba]apnx je ca cnojnm mnmenem, xoje cmo n pannje ncraxnn, neoma jacan:
Ja nnuno, nepyjem camo y ennmnuny cpncxy ceoy, n ro xpajem mecror n nouerxom
cemor nexa, y Hnnpnjy. Hanpornn, ono mro je Koncranrnn (Hop]nporennr) npnuao o
ceon Cpa sa npeme Xepaxnnjeno, nonpranam najnehoj cymnn. (ucmo, c. 139) On ra
norxpenyje mnmenem a Hop]nporennrono xasnnane npornnpeun pyrnm, na uax
n neronnm concrnennm cneouancrnnma, a yxasyje n na rparone cynnme jacnnx
nonnrnuxnx namepa. Hnrepnperannje xoje cmarpajy a je Koncranrnn mncnno na
npnonrny oraunny Cpa y sananoj uemxoj, y Majceny n y Hyxnuxoj Cpnjn, re a
je mncnno na cenepnoxapnarcxy Cpnjy y Iannnnjn n Bonnnnjn, ann a ce nnje opo
cnanasno y reorpa]njn, sa Ba]apnxa cy neopxnne. Cpn onase ns cenepne Bennxe
Cpnje na nosnn Xepaxnnja (nnn Hpaxnnja) a n cnoje napcrno oesennn o
anapcxe onacnocrn, na: onymram, a nap nnje nmao euxe, nnn napncxe xapre
rnannnx mraona ann raxno ecmncneno reorpa]cxo nesnane ne mory a npnxnarnm.
Jep, no nemy, npenn nnsanrnncxnx mrnhennxa, xojn cy nanycrnnn pycxy Cpnjy,
rpeano je, a cy xenenn a ce npare y xpaj, xojn je no nacneno nonoxan
upanauxoj, a n ramo nacrannnn a xnne y poncrny. (ucmo, c. 137; 138), re je
Hop]nporennr ro, xao n njanexarcxe pasnnxe nnnpcxnx n nyxnuxnx Cpa, xojn ce
cacnnm nponsnono nanono nounny pasnnxonarn o cemor nexa naxon Xpncroca 'in
einen politischen Apologie kunstvoll umgesponnen.'
To xaxna je nemrnna mpmena xonana y onoj nonnrnuxoj anonornjn rexnnxe
nnaana pomejcxor nesaponannsma npncyrna, Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn onaxo
opasnaxy: Jep nncmenn, nnn ycmenn nsnopn nncy mornn a npecranajy nemro
mro je nemoryhe, xao a ce ono crnapno oronno. Hmajyhn ro y nny, mane hemo a
yemo sauyhenn unnennnom a je Koncranrnn npnnncao napy Hpaxnnjy anane
seme Cpnma na noxnon, xojy onaj nocnenn, ne camo mro nnje noceonao, nero,
jom nnme o rora, no neronom concrnenom cneouancrny, ry semy cy o 449. r., nnn
npema nexnma, o 549. r. noceonann Xyno-Cnonenn (Koncranrnn crana Anape
ymecro Xyna!); no Hayny Bnn]pny, onn cy nax ry semy noceonann nouen o 569.
r., a no nnsanrnncxnm nncnnma o 598. r. H caa Cpn rpea a nx nsane (Xyno-
Cnonene) noehn xpnan par, camo saro, a n sacnyxnnn cpehy, a y semn, xojy cy
saonnn cnojom cnarom, nocrany norunnenn rpuxnm nnaapnma. Hap Koncranrnn je
oneh opo nosnanao ]nsnuxy cnary, nonnrnuxy spenocr n crnapny nesanncnocr
Cpa. Xanocr sa rnm nsryennm onacrnma y neronnm cnncnma nsnja cnya;on
6
nonana crape onoce (rnx semaa) npema rpuxom napcrny n sanncnocr Cpa sor
Hpaxnnjenor noxnona o onparnocrn (bis zum Ekel). (ber die Ab. der Sl. c. 139)
Onnme je sancra remeno pasnoxen rnannn oxymenar omnen cnnm
cpompcnnma c osnpom na mornnannjy, a ro cy nonynrapnsonane ojexrne marpnne
]pycrpannja. oxymenrannja xojom ce pacnonaxe y onom npanny jecre ona xoja
nornue o Jepmennna Mojceja Xopencxor (487/492), unjn cy rexcr Ba]apnx n
Cyponjenxn npenenn na nemauxn jesnx ajyhn n narnnnunn rpancxnpnnr opnrnnana,
onaxo: Das Land der Thraken liegt stlich von Dalmatien bei Sarmatien; und es hat
Thrakien fnf kleinere Provinzen und eine Grosse, in welcher fnf slawische
Geschlechter sind, in deren Sitze die Gothen einwanderten; auch hat es Berge, Flsse,
Seen, und Inseln, und zur Hauptstadt das glchliche Constan-tinopel. (3ema Tpauana
nexn ncrouno o anmannje xo Capmarnje, n Tpaxnja nma ner mannx n jeny nennxy
nponnnnnjy y xojoj xnnn ner cnonencxnx nnemena ca xojnma cy cmemrenn n Iorn
nmajyhn rpaone, pexe, mope n ocrpna, npema rnannom rpay cpehnom
Koncranrnnonoy). Ha crp. 143. ncror cnnca O noper.v C.oeeua, Ba]apnx nanon
nmena rnx nponnnnnja - Enpona, Tpaxnja, Xemnmonr, Poonn, Mesnja n Cxnrnja, xojy
cy neh no sny uyneny onacr nenrn]nxannje ca cpncxom - Capmarnjy, npocro
npernocranane. Bro ce rnue rese, xoja je raxohe osnornamena, a cy crapn Hnnpn
ncro raxo nexn nporocpncxn ernnx, o rome Ba]apnx, xaxe cneehe: Jep a cy crapn
Hnnpn nnn crnapno ncrpeenn, re a Cnonenn nemajy nnmra pyro o ''pasponane
rpaone no nenoj Hnnpnjn'', nnn a cy namnn nycrnny es yn, xaxo n ona omno
o rora, a jom n anac nocroje cna nmena, xoja cy cnomenynn crapn reorpa]n n
ncropnuapn y Hnnpnjn n Tpaxnjn, ys nesnarne nsmene? Fes nenocpenor jesnuxor
nacneha mehy ynma, ro n ce morno ojacnnrn jom jenno oxancxnm orxpnhem
(durch eine gttliche Revelation erklrbar). (ucmo, c. 151)
V cnojnm C.aefaucru+ cmaporumuocmu+a (I, 98), naxon nsnohena
cneouancrana o pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor nmena n neronnx nsneennna, on xaxe:
Ein so uralter, in der Heimat tief eingewurzetel, bei den Fremden ungewhnlicher Name
kann seinen Ursprung und seine Bedeutung am natrlichsten nur in seiner Heimat
gefnden haben. (Jeno raxo npacrapo n y sannuajy yoxo yxopeneno nme, a sa
crpanne neonuno, morno je a non cnoje nopexno n a nma najnpnponnje snauene
camo na cnom sannuajnom rny) P. J. Schaffarik, Slawische Alterthm, Band I, Leipzig,
1843, c. 98)
Hcrnna, y cnom eny Geschichte der Slawischen Sprache und Literatur,
Ba]apnx xaxe n ono: Cacnnm je moryhe, a cy Cnonenn onenn cnonno nncmo
(Buchstabenschrift) ns Hnnje, ann snane nncana (Schriftskunde), xoje cy npnpono,
noceonann camo manopojnn, mopano ce nsrynrn sor neunror nyrana ronnxnx
nnemena; nensnecno je, a nn je o ror npacrapor nncma (Uralphabet) nemro npemno
y hnpnnnny nnn ne. Hpacrape necme, xoje cy rex y najnonnje npeme cpehom orxpnnene
xo uexa n xo Pyca, ox cy xo Cpa capane, yxasyjy na nnxony opnrnnannocr n
uncrory na mnoro pannje yxonno ]opmnpane napoa, nero mro ce ro onuno ysnma,
na cnaxome ynaa y oun, a mnore no nnxonom npnnaany cexy y yoxe nepnoe (in
die heidnische Periode gehren)" (ma+o, crp. 18) Pennmo a je nocrojana moryhnocr
cnanjer yuena nnn cnoamner npnmana ca crpaxonnrnm xomnynsnjama y ynorpen,
xoja je onjeny nncmenocr nparmarnsonana o neoma cneennx ]opmn, nnn o
'nspasa xee' y sanncy oojenor ocehajem najneher rajancrnenor mornna onmrena
7
(rsn. 'nornnnn sanncn' ns Bnnue). Mehyrnm, Hcmopufcra ouo.uomera noopa ca
Cnnnnnje y xn. III, rn. 67., ronopn o nocrojany encxnx necnnxa xojn cy nncann cnoje
necme na nenamxom jesnxy ys nomoh crapor nncma, a jean je o nnx Op]ej. Moepnn
cancxpronosn y rome pao nne yrnnaj crapocancxprcxor, necxor jesnxa, cmarpajyhn
a je najcrapnja anxancxa rpannnja ca neuarom necxnx yrnnaja, ox n anexo
nopmannnja nna npernocranxa nexnx nnxnx anecrnuxnx nnn cymepcxo-
nannnoncxnx. Hpema noopy Cnnnncxom nenamxnm ce nncmom cnyxno n pyrn
nerenapnn nenau, Hnn, xojn cnonn sa Op]ejenor yunrea. On je nosnar no xaxn O
npeo+ uouucv: Ho npeany, Hnn je, nnmyhn cnonnma Henacra ocranno mnroc o
ennma npnor nonnca, xao n pyre npnue. Taxohe ce cnyxno rnm cnonnma Henacra
Op]ej n Hponann, Xomepon yunre. (III, 67) On cnomnne n Tnmoreja,
Haomeononor, xojn je nanncao cnen 4pueufa o nonnconom xnnory: Cnyxehn ce
snannma npnnx Henacra n nenamxnm ronopom (III, 67). V A.recmu Enpnnnonoj (cr.
966-969), xasyje xaxo ce o cynne ne moxe noehn: nema nexa nn y rpauxnm
rannnama, na xojnma je ncnncana Op]ejena peu. Fanxancxo-nenamxa nncmenocr
rnme onja onono camocrannnx nornpa, es osnpa na onmrn xapaxrep
npnxpnnana rpannnja. Jena o nornpa a je nncmenocr nnax crajana pyraunje o
yonuajenor mnmena, xaxo cy je nsymenn n npenenn uennuann, nanasn ce n xo
Ernjen Knannjea, Hcmopufa uafcmapufee oooa Ip:re (I, 2, 1809), re nnme:
nonncnje Tpauxn - Cxonnje xoje npare cnnc onor nonncnja, capxe jean
snauajan onomax, npener xo uapnnnja n ro onaj: 'Hma nx xojn rnpe a cy ce
cnona, xojnma ce mn cnyxnmo, nprana c nnmhem ]ennxca, nnn nanme, npomnpnna
mehy ynma n a cy ona saro nposnana ]ennuancxnm. Ho onoj nepsnjn, axne,
panno n ce o jenoj nrpn peun, xoja nponsnasn ns unnennne a Ipnn nmajy ncro
nme sa nanmy n sa uennuane, na ocnony uera je crnopeno onmre onymreno
mnmene, no xome n rpuxa cnona nna ]ennuancxor nopexna.' (ucmo, crp. 16., r. I)
H y crapoj naponoj necmn ns Byxone snpxe, euuooa Marcu+a Hpuofeeuha, nanase
ce xapaxrpncrnunn crnxonn: Ha hy xnarar nncrax ecxonnne / A moje hy nnne
narpnrn, / ox npoxane xpnna ns opasa, / Ho nncry hy nncarn jasnjy, mro ne y
npnnor onanany cauynanor memo]ona o nncany na nnmhy (Plin., Hist. nat., XB,
69 - in palmarum folii). Hma n mano naxocrn y rome, xaa Ba]apnx, onnuan
]nnoco] ncropnje xojn je cmarpao a ncropnjcxa snrnja ocneranajy nyr
]nnonomxe mnxpo]nnnje, jenaxo xao n Mnnan Fynmnp, nnme: Cnonenn cy nmann
cnojy asyxy, xoja ce snana yxnnna, nnn ornnenna, necymnnno saro, mro cy nennm
nocpecrnom ojannnane oxancxe sapane n casnana sa npeme nepcxnx opea.
A a cy o npaannnx npemena nncann cnoje saxone na ranama, sa ro nocroje
nnmecrpyxn n necymnnnn oxasn! Hsmehy ocranor, y cenepnnm npnuama '3arama',
naxnnn cy jom y anno oa Cnonenn yonmre ysen xao npocnehenn. Taxo cy na np.
Hopmann cnann y 'semy Bana', rj. cenepnnx Cpa, unjn cy ocrann anamnn Hyxnuxn
Cpn, xoje Hemnn nasnnajy jom ynex Bennma, cnoje orone n cnoje cnanne ye a
xo nnx crexny snana n mypocrn. Taxo je omno o rora a cy onn o 'Bana' ysenn
ne camo mnomrno peun, neh n nnme oxancrana, unja nmena cy pannje ynorpeanann
xao cnnonnme ynopeo ca cnojnm (Schaff., ber die Abkunft der Slawen, nach L.
Surowiecki, c. 45).
Hnnrnncrnuxa mnxporpa]nja ca nornpama xoje nponanasn y oxymenrnma
crapnnapnnna moxe a saxyun xaxo je jean eo Tpaxnjcxo-nnnpcxnx napoa,
8
sanpano cpncxn, xojn ce nanasn y annnnn y xopnycy nenamxnx napoa. Hnnpcxn
Cpn, rj. noynancxn n anxancxn Cpn nporexy ce o Hcrepa o Hpononrna y raxo
yoxy npomnocr, a ona nocraje nenposnpna n y ernmonomxnm ncrpaxnnannma.
Tonorpa]nja Hronomejene xaprorpa]nje noxasyje a ce ry nanase n nenamxa nnemena
Anannn o Jyxne Anannje o Hopnna, na noresy o Fenor pnma o cpene
anmannje o 1200-800 r. Hpe pohena Xpncronor; mro nepn]nxyjy n narnncn ns
pnmcxor oa ca nasnnnma ecapern, Hnpycrn. Haneoanxancxn cyncrpar
Ananana o nnnpcxnx, axomnsnjcxnx (apancxnx) n rpauxnx enemenara
]nnorenese je neopxnn, jep cy nenamxn cyncrparn crapnjn, a napon xojn ce ry
nanoe neh nnme nncy nocrojann, axo ce pennxrn ne npeynennuanajy o nenocpenor
nacranana. Hma osnnnx anannsa mecra xo Hnnnnja Crapnjer (HN ,III, 14) n
Homnonnja Mene (II, 55-56), re ce cnomnny Illyri proprie dicti, a mro yxasyjy na
nneme na jyry anamne Anannje, oaxne ce ro nme npomnpnno na ocrane. Ko
nnsanrnjcxnx ncropnuapa 11. n 12. nexa nomnny ce Anannn nnn Apannre y cacrany
nnsanrnjcxe nojcxe y Hrannjn n y sanehy paua. Taxo ncropnuap Ana Komnnna
ronopn o Apanony xao o ponnroj onacrn y ynyrpamnocrn, xoja ce na jyry
nporesana o Oxpna n epa /Bxymnna enona/, onojeno o nnsanrnjcxe reme y
pauy; Ananana nma y Tecannjn, Ennpy n Eronnjn cne o Henononesa, ann ne
cnomnne nnxono crannmre na anamnem Kocony. Onn cy ce cnymrann y pannnne n
nouerxom 13. nexa crnopnnn xnexennny Anannjy mro je onnpana o Cxaapcxor
jesepa, mro n cneeher nexa ocraje xaryncxa repnropnja, xaa nounny cyxon ca
narnncxnm ocnajaunma Mnennma n Hopmannma o yror nenonycrnnor ornopa
Typnnma, nororono no cpuannm Typhem Kacrpnornhem (Cxeneperom), xojn je n
anac nnxon nannonannn xepoj.
yx ce ne cenn rex raxo n ne npeaje cnojy axy pyrnm naponma, a onn
neryjy, ynanpehyjy n noce nnxony cnernocr, nero ce camo ra cnernocr cmanyje nnn
ynehana, yrnuyhn n na pyre a je nane n ysrajajy xonnxo nm je y cnasn. Knnra
Fopnca Peennepa Xpuuhaucmeo u Be.ecoea rnuea, noxasana je yxonny cponocr
pennrnosne onuajnocrn saenexene na pesonnm amunnama y 9. nexy ca
cnonencxnm rnnom xpnmhancxe pennrnje, raxo a ce npanocnane noxasyje n xao
nsnopan onnx npnxnarana Foxnjer orxpnnena cxono yxy nennxe pasrpanarocrn
napoa xojn he ce yyyhe nmenonarn Cnonennma. V rom cmncny n cpncxo
xpnmhancxo npanocnane nma cnoje ocrojno mecro y xonnxo nojennaunom, ronnxo
n onuajnom yxy, jep For je no rom yueny ecxpajnn n ecnouernn ncxon xojn ce
cnmonnuxn mann]ecryje y cnojnm eneprnjama n nmennma, unnehn ocnon npxnenom
npeany ycnajanom y Jyroncrounoj Enponn. Pasnnaxene mehy npxnama y jeanaecrom
nexy npnpenno je n mnore pyre necnopasyme y saxrennma sa nocenomhy, ma
xonnxo a cy pasnnxe xoje cy ro ycnonanane morne a ce unne nesnarne. V
uerpnaecrom nexy nponcrexao je n naxan cnop, nsneen na reonomxoj pannn, ann xojn
je nmao n npnnnnnnjenan xapaxrep, jep je sa napnaamcxe xymanncre n nopone
pannonanne reonore penecanca npnnnnnnjenan je ocrao camo ancrpaxrnn nojam Fora,
a nerone mann]ecrannje y rnopennnn n camo nme Foxnje, nnme nncy nne For, neh
pannonannsam xoncrpyxnnje rnapnor nauena
12
. Ounrnene npornnpeunocrn xoje

12
To ce n oronno xo Bapnaama, a je For xao camocranan npemer n cymracrno ocrao cam no cen
y nny anconyrne necasnarnnocrn, a eneprnje y nny nnxonor nosnanana n pamunanenocrn, ocnene
cy o nornyne onojenocrn o Fora n cmarpane cy rnapnnm. Tnme je ojenom noxonana n xpnmhancxa
9
cnomnne A. u. Hocen, nncy pesepnncane camo sa sanane reopernuape n nncne. Taxo
je y nnsanrnjcxom nomnnannsmy Hnhn]op Ipnropa sacrynao ynepene a cy neje
camo nmena xoja ce crnapajy y ymy, n nnmra nnme, a Ipnropnje Hanama my je
oronopno nponnuno a o rome raxo mncne camo ]nnoco]n, yyhn a cy sa
orocnone orxpnnena n janana Foxnjnx eneprnja naxnn anonxrnuxn, a ne
njanexrnuxn cnnornsmn.
13
Vsnsane xa Fory n ocnehnnane (osapnnane) neronnm
cnernom moryhe je sor rora mro nacnena rnap nacrojn a ce npnnnxn ory, na
Berona eneprnja caonmrena uonexy nocraje na ocnony oronnenauxor nanora n
cnojcrno camor uonexa: Ionopnrn o Fory n cycpecrn ce ca Forom nnje jeno n ncro.
3a npno je norpeno snane n peu, npn uemy ce raxohe nsnaxe nojmeno ncxycrno,
yxonnxo nehemo jenno a neryjemo snane, neh n a ce nnme cnyxnmo n a ra
npeajemo; sarnm je neonxona pasnonpcna rpaha sa pacyhnnane, ocnone sa
oxasnnana n ynopehnnana npema npnmepnma cnercxnx crnapn, na cne ro nnn nehn
eo rora moxemo nocreneno a npnxynnmo rpyehn ce n cnymajyhn, a cne je ro
npncrynauno ynma xojn ce cnanase y cnery, re na xpajy nocrajy n mypann ror
nexa, npema neuncrn xnnorom n ymom. Hacynpor rome, cycpecrn ce y cen c
Forom, npnnennrn ce sa Bera y uncrohn n cnnrn ce c neronnm necnnnennm cnernom,
xonnxo je ro npncrynauno ycxoj npnpon, nemoryhe je, axo n nope ounmhena
xpos npnnny ocranemo cnoa; re je raunnje a naa a y camnma cen sajeno ca
ocehajem ocrannmo cne uyncrneno, nanenmn ce na nomncnnma, pacyhnnannma n
nornuxnm snanem, cacnnm ce npeajyhn y monnrnn nernapnnm yxonnnm enonannma
(eneprnjama), onnmn nesnane, xoje je ysnnmennje o snana n y nemy ce
nanynnnmn npecnernnm cnjanem yxa, raxo mro hemo nennnno a nnnmo xao
narpay neunor cnera. Pasymem nn xonnxo je o rora nnxe cne mro ce onocn na
mnoromymehy nornuxy ]nnoco]njy, unje je naueno uynno ocrnrnyhe, a nocnena

rpancneenrnocr Fora, rj. Berona nernapnocr, n nnaroncxo nepasnnxonane rnapnor n nernapnor y
mncrnuxom ncxycrny. Crora je nno cacnnm pasymnno n ocnonano pasjapnnane napnaamnra npornn
cnnx npaxrnxa cnemrene ncnxnje ca nennm anconyrno pasronernnm pasnnxonanem uonexa n
orouonexa, opea n rajne, c nemom mncrnunom rexnnxom camoncnnrnnana, camonocrnana,
ncnonen, ncajnnx n cpaunnx ocehana...Bapnaamcxn yannsam c jauanem pannonannsma, nocraje
rapmesufaucmeo n orasuoua.usa+, npn jauany cyjexrnnnsma (xojn ne moxe a ne jaua, jep For je -
necasnarnna crnap-y-cen, a ono mro ce a casnarn crnapa cyjexr) - raumufaucmeo, a npn
cnaeny ocehaja sa rpancnenenrno (a nera ne moxe a ne ye jep je o camor nouerxa ono
najnaxnnje npornameno necasnarnnnm) nosumueusa+; nr. nr. Peujy, axo je Tanopcxo Cnerno
neoenno o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome cam For (maa For Cam nnje cnernocr) raa je
npanocnane cnaceno, nnn axo je Cnerno oenno o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome je rnap - raa
nounny anoxannnrnuxn rpuenn penecancnor 3anaa (Anexce ueooponnu Hocen, O:epru aumu:uoeo
cu+eo.us+a u +uqo.oeuu, Mocxna, 1993., crp. 872-873.)
13
Cnaxaxo, xaa ce nonyue xoncexnenrna nnnnja, cnop je nauenan: Bapnaamonnn cy sanpano yn
none enoxe, npnn yn penecance. Cacnnm je pasymnno ro mro je Bapnaam sacnyxan sa
pacnpocrpannnane rpuxor jesnxa n rpuxe xnnxennocrn y Hrannjn, mro je npenono rpuxe ayrope na
narnncxn n narnncxe na rpuxn jesnx n mro je am on no yunre Herpapxe n Foxaua ca xojnma
nounne noxper xymannsma y XIV cronehy. axne, ynpano penecanca, a norom n nporecranrnsam (cnaxo
na cnoj naunn) nacroje a cnoje xpnmhancrno n narancrno; ann, ro nma sa nocnenny a penecanca naa
y yannsam n arnocrnnnsam y xome ce namao n Bapnaam, y narypannsam n pannonannsam y xojnma he
ce nahn neronn yuennnn; anaremnmyhn Bapnaama n Axnnna Hpanocnanna Hpxna je 1351. na caopy y
Koncranrnnonoy anaremncana n naonasehy penecancy, xoja he openrn ae nocrojane cner
sananor cnera, jep opnnanem o npnnnnna penecance, uonex npecraje nrn sananaxom. /Mnnan
Vsenan, Hcmopufa qu.osoqufe, Honn Ca, 2004., crp. 235/
10
cnpxa y cnnm pasnonnocrnma snane, xoje nnje onjeno y uncrohn n xoje ne
ounmhana o crpacrn? Haueno yxonnor nocmarpana je opo, sacnyxeno uncrnm
xnnorom, re casnane cymror, ncrnnnror n sancra rauno sa one xojn ra nmajy, saro
mro nnje onneno yuenem, neh uncrohom cpna, re ocnocoeno a pasnnxyje mra je
y camoj crnapn neno n xopncno, re mra raxno nnje; a nerona nocnena cnpxa, sanor
yyher nexa, jecre nesnane xoje je nnme o snana, re snane xoje je nnme o
nonmana, cxpnneno eonnmrno y cxponnrom, rajnom n nenspeuenom nocmarpany xao
ncxycrny neunor cnerna. /Cn. I. Hanama, C.oeo v ooopauv ceeumeuux ucuxacma,
1,3,42/ Meranoernuxa reopemarnxa xojy je on sacrynao c jene je crpane
nopasymenana ynncxo onaxane c osnpom na npnpoy, a ca pyre mncaony
oaspnnocr c osnpom na yx, xojn ne ryn onoc npema renecnocrn xao xpamy
Foxnjem n neronom cpenmry xoje je reno rena, cpne. Canecr raxo pxn
cnexynannje y rpannnama xoje saysanajy eronarnuxy ]anracrnxy, npyxajyhn peanan
naunn onpnnana nncrnonana n npemena. To ne snaun a y rnopennnn nnn onom
crnopenom ne enyjy necrnopene Foxnje eneprnje, re a je crnapanauxo naueno
ncnpneno ca npnonrnnm unnom crnapana raxo a nx nnme nema. Bnx nema camo y
rom cmncny a ce unn crnapana ne nonana cnaxn an c osnpom na ro mro ce
npnonrno oronno, xao mro ne snaun a ro ne moxe oner a ce oron yxonnxo
Cnennmnn raxo ne onyun npema Cnojoj, nama neoxyunnoj onynn n jom mane
cxnarnnoj samncnn. Mn cmo na npnpoy ocyhenn n y nama ona nnamrn xao nex npcra
yryenor ornnmra, nasa nac cehajyhn na nopexno n crane y xojem ce sarnuemo,
xamo ro a ce y npecranama enemo nnn y samncnnma nonecemo. V rom cmncny
rpahancxo ocehane cnooe nparn n manorpahancxn menrannrer xojn xnnoxpnrcxn
cycrpyxrypnme nojam cnooe onuajnnm cxemarnsannjama y xanone, cnoa
npnmajyhn n mexannuxn cnponoehn npnmene ycnojennx nopmarnna.
Mncnnonn nocne Xerena y ]enomenannom nponnary rpahancxor pymrna,
nnenn cy ncropnjcxy peannocr, jep cy n camn oxnnenn nnycrpnjannsannjy xao
jean ne camo xnanrnrarnnan ]axrop nero n xnannrarnnan, menajyhn am npannna
nrpe xoja xao a je ynex namerana ncropnja. Beron yuennx Kapn Mapxc nosajmno je
nejy nnycrpnjcxor pymrna, ca raunnm nacnyhnnanem neouexnnano npncyrne
moryhnocrn, a ce 'nsmenn ncropnja' n a ce npe cnera ne nnrepnpernpa npema
nonnronomxoj rpannnjn xojy he nmarn yyyhe, o mexannsmnma sa rpanc]opmncane
remea onor mro je Xeren, neron yunre, nasnao moh ynnnepsannor. Mehyrnm, ra
moh ynnnepsannor anexo nnme nounna na rnnonornjn ymnocrn n nsnohennm
npecranama xao nnrepnperannjama, neronn mro ce ony penonynnja raa unnnno, jep
je n on cam cxnarno a raxnom menany cnera anexo nnme noroyjy nannonanne
crpacrn xoje ce pacnnpyjy (cnyuaj Hpcxe n Tajno ynyrcrno), nnn xacnnje
ycanpmanana nponarana n na ecnom n na nenom xpnny penonynnonapnnx
oprannsonana, npe nero rpesneno casnanane xoje n naano a ynyrn na nponeme.
Knanrn]nxannje camo npnnnnnm romnnannma oesehyjy nanpeax, ne camo y
ncropnjn, nero n y nornuxnm nmensnjama (Tpenenenypr), a ono mro sancra
oesehyje xnannrer nnn ono mro ynncxn omepana crnapn, ocnena ns pasymenana
n pasymy cxonor xasnnana, ns camor ronopa y xome ce pasorxpnna ncrnna crnapn.
pyraunje peueno, ona cnecr xpos xojy ce pasnnja cnoona n ne]onsonana
xonexrnnna cnecr xao nspas connjererno-nonnrnuxnx nnn npaxrnuxnx npnnna, o
xojnx cy ca orxnananem esoxnocrn najnaxnnje pasopnrocr n connapnocr, mro
11
noe nanpeonannma y pasymenany n camnm rnme noomanajyhem menany nnxa
crnapnocrn, jecre ono mro je sancra norpeno. Tese o 'sananom ycrny' xao
'nonecnom napoy' sa pasnnxy o pyrnx xojn ne noceyjy cymrnny n rnme ce
cnoono sanemapyjy, nnje camo ]nnonomxa resa xopnsma, re onn ns 'Crape
Enpone' - 'pelasgische' (nnxepaspeno-npnmnrnnnn nnn nouernn), cnyxe a ce onje
rex nexa nosa ymnmennx nnrenexryanana, nero je ona nrexaxo npaxrnxonana y
nponaranne cnxe y oa cnercxa para xao npnmar 'nnnnnnsonanocrn' xojy
'npnmnrnnnn' mopajy a cnymajy, maxap rononnma. Tn 'sanann napon' xao 'nonecno
ycrno' noxasyjy nennxy renroncxo-aronanny arpecnnnocr, ann ox ro je ro raxo,
remxo a he mohn nemro a yunne y norney ncrnncxe xynrype n pasnnjene
emoxparnje n nejnor nnxa enponcxor yxa y neronnm ecxonaunnm saannma.
Vxonnxo ce ne ncnpnemo na norpemne norpee, sacnrypno he ce xo nac nahn jom
mnoro mra, mro he cnojnm npenopyxama a npyxn narornopny nomoh nama camnma,
a sarnm n cnnma onnma xojn je ocere xao opoomny n norpeny.





























12
I Hosnanane Cpa n cnonencxnx c1apnna npeua nsnopnnu
oxyuen1nua

1. O c1apnjeu nounnany cpncxor nuena, neronoj
pacnpoc1panenoc1n n nonecnou snauajy

Hajcrapnjn oxymenronan noarax o cpncxom nmeny nanasnmo najxacnnje 69.
nnn 75. r. name epe, y nosnaroj xnnsn Hnnnnja Hennnnja pyror ''Hosnanane
npnpoe''. V Plinii Caecilii Secundi Historia naturalis, VI, c. 7, 19 (Leipzig, 1875),
nannasnmo na cpncxo nme y narnnnsonanom onnxy - Cepn. On ocnonno xaxe: ''A
Cimmerio accolunt Maeotici, Vali, Serbi, Zingi, Psesii'' (Hope Knmepana cranyjy
Meornnn, Bann, Cpn, 3nnrn, Hcecn). Tonorpa]nja rna na xome ce cpncxn ernnx
npnn nyr jacno nmenyje jecre ceneponcrouno o Foc]opa xo Knmepana, Capmara n
Mehana. unran nex nocne onor Hnnnnjenor nanoa (najxacnnje 175. r. n. c.),
nannasnmo na nomen cpncxor nmena y eny ''Ieorpa]nja'' nennxor ernnarcxor
nayunnxa xojn je cnoja ena nncao na craporpuxom jesnxy, Knaynja Hronomeja:
''u u o i \ ' \ i
i uo i r (al. i)...'' (Hsmehy Kepayncxor ropja n pexe Pa
(cmemrenn cy) Opnnejn n Bann n Cpn).
14

Hope onor anrponoreorpa]cxor noarxa no xome nneme Cpa onrana
nopyuje 3axanxasja y nonrcxom sanehy, on nam aje sa nac jom snauajnnjn noarax a
y Hanonnjn nocrojn n rpa-nacee xojn ce nasnna i, (Serbinum). Onaj
''Cpncxn rpa'' nnn ''Cpnna'' yenexen je na neronoj mann one Hanonnje nnn
Hoynancxnx pernja nere y cancxom nopeujy, na mecry anamne Ipanmxe.
Hocrojane nmena mecra xoje je cnoj rononnm onno ounrneno npema napoy xojn y
nemy xnnn, npnopaspeno je cneouancrno xaxo ro nnje morna a ocrnapn nexa
cnyuajna nnemencxa sajennna xoja ce ry sarexna, nnn nexn nononpnomnn enemenr y
Hanonnjy es oronapajyhnx xapaxrepncrnxa napoa ca xynrypnnm nenrnrerom,
xojn ce npe cnera ornea y camocnecnom nomeny nnacrnror nmena. 3a cpncxo nme
cneoun n rononnm sa pexy Kcanr, uecro nomnnany jom o Xomeponor oa, sa xojy
anrnuxn reorpa] Crpaon xaxe: o o o i r\ i o
''Kaxo cy pexy Kcanr Cpnna nasnnann pannje'' (Strabonis rerum geographicarum libri
septemdecim, Basileae, 1571., c. 763)
oxymenrannja xojom ce pacnonaxe y onom npanny jecre n ona xoja nornue o
Jepmennna Mojceja Xopencxor (370-487/492), unjn cy rexcr Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn
npenenn na nemauxn jesnx ajyhn n narnnnunn rpancxpnnr opnrnnana, onaxo; ''Das
Land der Thraken liegt stlich von Dalmatien bei Sarmatien; und es hat Thrakien fnf
kleinere Provinzen und eine Grosse, in welcher fnf slawische Geschlechter sind, in
deren Sitze die Gothen einwanderten; auch hat es Berge, Fsse, Seen, und Inseln, und zur
Hauptstadt das glchliche Constantinopel.'' (3ema Tpauana nexn ncrouno o

14
Hano npema nsany: Claudii Ptolemaei Cosmographia..., Ulmae, 1486, V, s. 9. To mro y
pyxonncnma nocrojn pasnnxa y nncany ''Cepon'' nnn ''Cnpon'', ne mena nnmra snauajno
xapaxrepncrnxe nmencxe ocnone, xoja ce nenocmncneno onocn na xacnnje npenomeno, n o
an anac jenaxo nasnnano nme Cpa (Cpaa, Cnpa, Copaa, Cypa nnn uax Cnmepa,
Cemepa).
13
anmannje xo Capmarnje, n Tpaxnja nma ner mannx n jeny nennxy nponnnnnjy y
xojoj xnnn ner cnonencxnx nnemena ca xojnma cy cmemrenn n Iorn nmajyhn rpaone,
pexe, mope n ocrpna, npema rnannom rpay cpehnom Koncranrnnonoy). Ha crp. 143.
ncror cnnca ns xora nanonmo nnrar, O noper.v C.oeeua, Ba]apnx aje nmena rnx
nponnnnnja Enpona, Tpaxnja, Xemnmonr, Poonn, Mesnja n Cxnrnja, xao n no
uyneny nosnary onacr sor nenrn]nxannje ca cpncxom - Capmarnjy.
Bro ce rnue rese, xoja je raxohe osnornamena, a cy crapn Hnnpn ncro raxo
nexn nporocpncxn ernnx, o rome Ba]apnx, xaxe cneehe: Jep a cy crapn Hnnpn
nnn crnapno ncrpeenn, re a Cnonenn nemajy nnmra pyro o `pasponane rpaone
no nenoj Hnnpnjn`, nnn a cy namnn nycrnny es yn, xaxo n ona omno o rora,
a jom n anac nocroje cna nmena, xoja cy cnomenynn crapn reorpa]n n ncropnuapn y
Hnnpnjn n Tpaxnjn, ys nesnarne nsmene? Fes nenocpenor jesnuxor nacneha mehy
ynma, ro n ce morno ojacnnrn jom jenno oxancxnm orxpnhem. (ma+o, c. 151)
V cnojnm C.aefaucru+ cmaporumuocmu+a (I, 98) naxon nsnohena cneouancrana o
pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor nmena n neronnx nsneennna, on xaxe: Ein so uralter,
in der Heimat tief eingewurzetel, bei den Fremden ungewhnlicher Name kann seinen
Ursprung und seine Bedeutung am natrlichsten nur in seiner Heimat gefunden haben.
(Jeno raxo npacrapo n y sannuajy yoxo yxopeneno nme, a sa crpanne neonuno,
morno je a non cnoje nopexno n a nma najnpnponnje snauene camo na cnom
sannuajnom rny) (P. J. Schaffarik, Slawische Alterthmer, Band I, Leipzig, 1843, c. 98)
unnene onnx noaraxa cnopnnm (onuno na raj naunn a ce ysnma sa rpemxy
y pyxonncy, nnn a ce nopasymena cnyuajna noyapnocr ca nexnm nee]nnncannm
ernnxom xojn nsa rora crojn), mro ce n yonuajnno naxon nmuesanana sacrynnnxa
rsn. 'pomanrnuapcxe ncropnje' n am]onanor norncxnnana onnx xojn cy ncrpaxnnann
n mncnnnn ayroxrono, nnme je nero uyna nojana. Mnnoje Mnnojennh ca cnojnm
enom Oo.o+u ucmopufe Cpoa (I, II, Feorpa, 1872), xao n Cnma Hyxnn-Hasnh ca
cnojom Kpamro+ noefecuuo+ Cpoa (3arpe, 1894) npocro cy ncmenann ca
nponparnnm anerorama o nnxonom npncryny crnapnma, oanemrenocrn n
opasonany, a Jencrarnje Mnxajnonnh ca cnojom xnnrom H.upu u Cpo+u ... (H. Ca,
1843), nponasno je ornpnnnxe jenaxo nesanaxeno xao n onaj na unjy ce xnnry o
nopexny Cnonena najuemhe n najpanje nosnnao Hanne Jocn] Ba]apnx. Kacnnje
ocye xoje ce uecro rpannue n ca rorono ornopennm npesnpom, ounrneno je a cy
omne ns yoxo nymrennx xopenona y xonsepnarnnne nnrepnperarnnne moene,
xojnma je pan nenerpannje nnacrn n neyrpoxenocrn mnpena ncnnarnnnx ynepena
noroonana xnnma noropnnx ncxpnnanana onnx (npeocrannx) ounrnennx
unnennna, xao naxon nnsanrnnomannunnx ynorpea ncropnje nonanane y noronnm
nopnjcxnm reopnjama xoje cy ca ocnonnem na one neh sroronene nnnsanrnjcxe
camo nojauane rperman oecxopennnana napoa na onom rny, sa norpee Drang nach
Osten, a xojn je n ounrneno noxyman y cnercxnm paronnma onor nexa. unrana
nnejaa nnsanrnjcxnx ncropnorpa]a, ys nonexn uacnn nsyserax, ycnenana je y neoma
nenaxnonennm n necpehnnm oxonnocrnma no cpncxn (n yonmre cnonencxn) xnna,
najuemhe npexo npecrnxa xojn je nocrnrnyr y axnnjama npocnehnnana xpos
crnapane noannxa, ]anopnsonannx a pasnnjajy n mnpe y ocnonn omrehyjyhe
oxynaropcxe reopnje, nanasehn cnoje nacnennxe y repmanonenrpnuxnm nonnrnuxnm
onnnjama, xao noxpnhy sa ocnajauxe noyxnare xojn cy y npomnom nexy n ycnennn
ca sacrpamyjyhnm samaxom. Mncnonapcxa nponennjennnja y noheny nonnrnxe
14
pyrnm cpecrnnma, rexnna je yrepnnany ocehaja neocrojnocrn n nnxepaspenocrn,
nnn nponanaxeny cnaocrn xpos xojn n ce ornapao nyr nocprany npe yxonnom
oxynannjom, a ca rnme je xomnnexc (n npaxrnuxo xasano rpex) oecxopenenocrn,
cacnnm opo nanerao na ornopenn nporpam xonneprnrcrna n neo]nrnsannje.
15

Ca rnme cy nam ona uernpn nsnopna noarxa, xoja ne nornuy o camnx Cpa
nnn ns moryhe npncrpacnnx cnonencxnx nsnopa, npnopaspeno cneouancrno o
ronorpa]cxom nocrojany Cpa y 3axanxasjy n onoj Hanonnjn. Hs ncror nepnoa mn
cnonencxe oxymenre nn nemamo, ann onn xoje nmamo ns jeanaecror nexa (ynexonnxo
xonramnnncane, ann saro ne n neneponarne), naa a nycrnmo a ronope na cen
cnojcrnen naunn o rom annom nepnoy. Hn]opmarnnnn cexpop anrnuxnx ncropnuapa
noxasyje ce a nnje nn jennn, a nn jenncrnen, na ne mopa a snaun a cy pyrn
nn]opmaropn nenaxnn, re a npee jenno onn, pyxonohenn nnrepecnma ennenrnnm
y pnmcxom repmnnonomxom xopnycy rononnma. Hocrojn no cnom nopexny nanaxena
n cnneronnma uynnx oxonnocrn xojn cy nparnnn neno monorpa]cxo nynnxonane
nnn janno oenoannnane, sancra neonuna Benec xnnra ns IX nexa naxon
Xpncroca, xoja xasyje o crapnnn Cnonena cne o 1500 ronna npe Xpncra, a ona ne
camo a nomnne Cpe, nero n Xpnare na neh cnomnnannm noxannjama, xao ayroxrone
n no xapaxrepncrnxama npenosnarnne napoe mehy ocrannma.
16

Hope one neocnopne oxymenrannje nocrojn n unran nns nasnna sa Cpe, xoje
cy nm anann rpuxo-pnmcxn ncropnuapn - Heypn, Fynnn, Knmepn, Capmarn
(Xepoor), Benen (Tannr, Hronomej, Jopanec), Anrn, Cnopn, Hann (Hpoxonnje)
nr., sa mra je nam n cnercxn najnehn cnonenonor, Hanne Jocn] Ba]apnx, y cnojoj
xnnsn xoja ronopn o nopexny Cnonena, ojanenoj jom nouerxom npomnor nexa, a
npn rome ne onymrajyhn cen a nocpne npe yxonnom oxynannjom nerarnnnsma
nnsanrnjcxor npereher nesaponanncrnuxor ayropnrera nnn noronnx nanrepmancxnx
ncropnorpa]cxnx xonnsama nenrpnpannx y rsn. ''nopnjcxoj mxonn'', yonmreno nsneo
npann saxyuax: ''3ancra je uyno a mn rnm crapnm nncnnma npnnncyjemo cnesnane
n nenorpemnnocr, o uemy uax nn onn camn nncy canann! Crpaon npnsnaje na nnme
mecra, a nnrn on, a nnrn onn npe nera nncy y rom cmncny nemro nnme n nemro
sacnrypno snann. Hronomej je, ncrnna, capao ns pasnnx crapnjnx n canpemennx
nsnopa romnny nmena, onnmn nasnn ''oxancxor reorpa]a'', a oner, on n ce n cam
namao y neopanom rpoxhy, xaa n nexo sarpaxno, a nanpann xnacn]nxannjy rnx
neronnx nmena no jesnuxoj, nnn nax xpnnoj cponocrn napoa na xoje ce ra nmena
onoce.
Tannr, nosnar xao rnannn nsnop o Iepmannjn, xojn yocranom, onasn cam ca
coom y npornnpeunocr, ca pyrnm nncnnma na uax n ca unnennnama n npnpoom

15
Hncy camo pame ca nocmexom Herpa Kounha xao Jasanan npe cyom nocpean npnxas ryxne
unnennne nonamana nnnnnnsonannx sanohena amnnncrparnnnnx npannna rpahancxe
nocnymnocrn, re cy Cpn nocranenn mehy najnnxe no panry, neh n npnnonerxe Cnme Maranya xao
Hnnnnena nnn Honapera ca onncom ersncrennnjanne ope npornn xonneprnrcrna n
nenonerany onaxmnnama nonaxo esnaexne erpaannje cnooe camoonpeennana xojy je
ynma Cam For ao.

16
Bnn xnnry Fopnc Pennep, ueom u oou:afu C.oeeua npe+a Be.ecoeof rnusu, Feorpa, HH
Mnpocnan, 1995., xao n npeno Pannoja Hemnha: Be.ecoea rnuea, Hajcrapnjn oxymenar o
Cnonennma, 3. ns., Feorpa: Hemnh n cnnonn, 2003.

15
crnapn, npnsnaje, a nnmra ne sna jacno o onocy n cpocrny Iepmana, Benea n
Capmara, npema je no y Iepmannjn. A Hpoxonnjeno naxnanane o Cxnro-Iornma n
Capmaro-Iepmannma rpea sa nac (jom n) a ye xanon reneanornje napoa?! He!
Cneouancrna nn jenor nn pyror, nnrn nnme raxnnx cneoxa, one ne moxe
a onyun; xpos raxan jean nannpnnr moxe a nac non jenno cneyxynno
ncrpaxnnauxn, ncrnncxn n cneoyxnaran pa.'' (Paul Joseph Schaffarik nach Lorenz
Surowiecki, ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Ofen, 1828, c. 79;80) Taxan pa
meroonomxn n capxnncxn nsneen je napounro y neronom noromnom eny
''C.oeeucre cmapuue'' (Hpar, 1836; 1837), raxo a je y nemy ncnpnena rorono cna
penenanrna ncropnjcxa rpaha na najon nayunn naunn, a ro snaun a cy y noj neh
are npernocranxe nnn nemarnsonane moryhnocrn sa npoyennjy remarcxy opay
n mnpene nnrana xa npoyennjnm nmensnjama raxo oxyuene ncropnje orahana
nnn nonecnnne. Ona nnme ne moxe a ye onuno snane o crapnnama y
anrnxnapnom cmncny peun, nero mopa a moxe a ncxopaun y jom ye npemencxe
nmensnje npomnocrn (xoja je, xao mro snamo, nasa ''pemennra yyhnomhy''), raxo
a ns ne nponcrexna apxeorpa]nja moxe a ye na rpary npane nonecne (peanne n
nojmonnne, oxymenrapne n ocmnmene) renese nncrnonana, rj. a crpornm
snajyhnm n ocmnmennm mepnnnma ornopn xopnsonre cneronana cnera (y onom
cnyuajy xonxperno cpncxocnonencxor xnna), xojn cy ns onor nnn onor pasnora
npnxasnnann o caa xao e]emepnn, cnopenn n nenaxnn.
Hpann ]enomen raxne apxeorpa]nje xojn ce ne jana camo xao ronn
enn]enomen ncropnje nnn e]emepnja nexor esnnunor cynncxor roxa, jecre n
]enomen cpncxor nmena, xojn xao ]enomen ana cnoj cjaj xpos oxymenrannjy n
mn]ponane nopyxe y ocxynnm n neonpmennm cnnxama npocropa n npemena, a xoje
camn naa pexoncrpyxrnnno a onnxyjemo n rymauehn onono opo a pasymemo.
Crapn meroonosn nonecrn xao uynenn Panxe, xojn je nsmehy ocranor nanncao n cnnc
o cpncxoj penonynnjn nnn npnom ycranxy no Typnnma, cacnnm opo youanajyhn
cnercxononecny n enoxanny nnnnnyannocr y cnoconocrn aprnxynannje
cranonnmra no Xerenonom rpary (''...opnrnnannn yxonn, xojn camocranno ynase y
opy neja n cnercxnx cnna, xojn caxnmajy najmohnnje o nnx, na xojnma nounna
yyhnocr''), xojn je no yehen a ycxa cnooa mnmena n enonana mopa a ce
npernocrana, re a nonecr cnen npocnennjym cnooe xojn naa a ye nopxan
eneprnjama yxa.
17


17
''Bennxa je crnap, nanpornn, a ce cnyre saxrena ycxa cnooa: nonecr cnen cnene cnooe; ro
unnn neny najnehy pax. Ann cnoon ce npnpyxyje cnara, n ro nsnopna cnara; es ne npecraje
cnooa xaxo y cnercxnm orahajnma raxo n na nopyujy neja. Cnaxor rpenyrxa moxe oner a sanoune
nemro nono, mro moxe a ce cnee camo na npnn n sajennuxn nsnop nexor ycxor ena n
onymrena, na ry nnmra nnje nornyno es neuer pyror. Ann, npn rome, nnax, npeonnaana n jean
yn ynyrpamnn cxnon, o xor nnxo nnje nornyno nesanncan, xojn nponpe cnya. Vs ox cnoon
crojn nyxnocr. Ona je y onom neh opasonanom, mro ce nnme ne moxe oopnrn, mro je nonora sa cny
enarnocr, xoja nonono sanounne. Hocrano xoncrnrynme cxnon ca onnm mro nocraje. Ann n cam onaj
cxnon nnje nemro mro ce moxe nponsnono npnxnarnrn, neh je na jean opehenn naunn no raxan, a
ne pyraunjn. Taj je cxnon raxohe ojexar casnana. yxn nns orahaja - xojn cnee jean nocne o jean
nope pyror- nonesan na onaj naunn npecrana nex, enoxy...'' (Heinrich Ranke, Weltgeschichte, XIII)
Cnara je axne nexn ynyrpamnn nnmax xojn nocrojn nope yspoxa enonana, nnamnxa mohn
ymennocrn y xnnory xojn ce onocn na cee camor n xojn je cee cnecran. Ono mro nocraje raxo je
cnoono, ann n ra cnooa ns xoje ono n nocraje, nasa je orpannuena neh nocrannm, rj. npnnnxama na
xoje yrnue. Honecna ejcrna, oyme n unne casnarnnnm nonecne cnare (ncnoanajy ce npexo
16
Taj npocnennjym Iycran pojsen je npomnpno na ocnonnn nmnync nonecnor
xnnora, rexehn a cner oyxnarn cnarom nojma cnooe na raj naunn, a ona ne ye
crnapna camo y nsysernnm cnyuajennma, nero a nennxe nnunocrn nonecrn
npecranajy camo snauajne momenre y aem xperany cnecrn o cnoon xoja jn
nennna n y cnaxom nojennny pasnnjana o yxonne cracanocrn mro nopasymena
cner cnooe. Taj ncrn nmnync nnnmo n xo Ba]apnxa, xaa je on 1848 r. ycrao
cnojom remxom mnmy y opany npana cnonencxnx napoa na nnxony nsnopny
nonecnocr, xoja ce mann]ecryje y crnapany ayrenrnunnx pxana, a y xojnma n xao y
'peannnm yxonnnm nhnma' mornn a ocrnapyjy cnoj saarax na semn,
18
es
xerepomop]nsma cnoamnnx nopmarnnnsama xojer nm je namennna mohna aycrpo-
yrapcxa nmnepnja, ma xaxo a nen ynnnepsannn xapaxrep cpeneenponcxe pxane y
xynrypnom norney nmao cacnnm ounrnene xomynnxarnnne npenocrn.
Ca-npemenonarn, nrn canpemen, ro caa moxe a snaun a naa ohn o
ynna xojn nnuy ca rna cpacnocrn ca cnerom (= cnernom n rnom,), xao nenocpeno-
onmrehnm moryhnocrnma jennxe, y cxnay ca ocnocoenocrnma ounranana
snaxona n snauena neh ynemennx y crnapn npnpoe n yxa. He cranyjy nn cemena
cnonencxor yma neh oanno y noynancxnm onynnma nahennm xpaj Bnnue, nnn jom
pennnja ys ynan xpaj rporna Kaparama? Hncy nn re penne 'uepre n pese'
eceromnnennjymcxn npncyrne a nocneoue penne saxone acrpanno ypehenor cnera
n ajy caner xaxo xnnern c nnme y cxnay? Honecno nacnehe ncrpaxnnaua nasa

ornopa), ann xao npenocnonn nonecnor nanperxa one cy nnrepcyjexrnnne, rj. nnnnnyannja je
osnauena peannrerom xojn n aje xapaxrep xnnornocrn. Taxo je nonecr ara xao nrpa cnara xoja
ocrnapyje xonrnnynrer, xao jenncrno nexona y pasonma nnn enoxama. Ony mncao npoyno je
Joxan Iycran pojsen, ynoehn xpnrnuxn cran xpos nacnyre n ncxasnnana onnx mncnn, na my nonecna
orahana nnme nncy camo ''cnene cnooe'', na nennxe nnunocrn nonecrn nocrajy camo jean momenar y
aem xperany yma xa camoocnoahany sa cee camor y cnoon, a xojn je xao nennna y cnaxom
nojennny npernocranenn cner cnooe, cacnnm ]nxreancxn, ann n on cmarpa a ce cnpcncxonocr
nocrojana ne moxe oxyunrn npexo ncropnjcxnx casnana, nanaxyhn neymopan pa nonecnom
uoneuancrny, ocranajyhn ro nacnyrama n neponannma, ne oycrajyhn nnax o ''ncrpaxyjyher
pasymenana''. Hs onomaxa npeana pexoncrpynme ce nennxn rexcr nonecrn, a ro je y crnapn rex n
moryhe na ocnony pasmaxnyror npocropa cnooe y nonmany crnapn.
18
Fanxancxo rno, moxe ce rorono necnnuxn pehn, o Tpojancxor para nnn o 13. nexa cr. epe, ne sna sa
cmnpaj, ne nosnaje yre nepnoe mnpnor xnnora napoa es pasmnpnna, ceoa n parona. Temxo ce,
nsrnea, nanasnno cmnpene y ymama napoa xojn na nemy onranajy. Axo je ro sa necpehny
nocnenny nmano necxnonocr xa ocrnapnnany ycnona sa ]nnoco]cxy, nayuny, ymernnuxy oxonnny,
rj. ocrnapnnay npeycnona sa saonjane npannx neja cnojcrnennx menrannrery nanpeonana, ro ne
snaun a y rnm cyponnm ycnonnma nncy y rpannnama cnojnx moryhnocrn, nenom ymom oronapann na
nsasone ncropnje orahana. Camnm rnm, ona je sa nnx anexo nnme yceuena crnap, xojn ycex ne
rorono o ersncrennnjanne nenocpenocrn, a rnme ce ncnocrana jom jena onyncxa oronopnocr sa
canpemenor apxeorpa]a n mncnnona nonecrn. Oycrarn o ]enomenonomxe pannn npnxasnnana, rnme
n snaunno n ynern jom nnme necnoxojcrna y nonaxo spxann unnennunn marepnjan, ymecro oanana
opehene mepe nenpncrpacnnx n cynncnnx nsnarana. Tnme mro naxe snarna orpannuena n cneenocr
npernocranxn na cnopan n nnmano esycnonan ronop, ne snaun a hemo oycrarn o eneprnunor
npnxasa ncnnrnnana crapnncxor nocrojana cpncxor nmena, nopexna, xperana n nonoxaja Cnonena
yonmre, y roxonnma najcrapnje cnercxe ncropnje. Mornnannja a ca rnme nsahemo na uncrnny n
annmo reopnjcxo cnerno na pacnonoxnne oxymenre xojn o rome ronope, naa a npernocrann
nperensnje cynncnor nayunor ronopa n ycnona na xom ce on sacnnna, ann ncro raxo n npoopnocr
nocmarpana xoja he a npenasnhe nnrepnperarnnne samxe ocnanana na ayropnrere nonerne
nenrn]nxannjama ca Fanxany nenaxnonennm, na nouecro n nenpnjarecxnm nenrpnma mohn.

17
oxpehe oxo croxepa camor ]enomena ronopa, cnonena, cnona - peun - nnrajyhn n sa
cmncao camor oprana pacnpanana. Ono mro ce xaxe capxn y cen n nemro
nenspennno. Camnm rnm, ono ne moxe a ye nspas cnaocrn nonyr neocrarxa
ocnocoenocrn nnn oyuenocrn nojennna y pacnpann. Ono nnje nn crnap
onnaanocrn jesnxom xoja cnponon nmenonana n nspnue oxase y npnnor onome nnn
onome. Taj je, axne, pasnor caxpnnen y camom nncrny ronopa. Fyxa ronopne
cnaxonennne ncnynena rsn. 'rexyhnm nnrannma' nenpnjemunna je sa ronop unjn je
capxaj nacrajao na ocnony 'mera]nsnuxe norpee', nnn y pasnnjany nornea xojn
a]nnnpa rexnnxy npnpoe xoja n npernocranana namepny reneonornjy, xaxo n
pexao Kanr. Oxpenyr naauajnma nponnrnnana ]enomena n xpuehn nyr xpos
naronemraje xojn noe o nparemea, o Fora Ona, Tnopna cnera mro jecre n nna,
Cnepxnrea Hea n seme, on je ry remxo nnn nnmano pasymnn, na n uyjan.
Cnaxonennna ce ymnpyje y npeneuepje, xaa y nponen mehy cneronnma moxe a
ynern neh nerenapna 'Mnnepnnna cona', n xao cnmon mncaonor carneanana
omoryhn nsnopnnje nornee. Pasymenajyhnm rymauenem crnapn xoje ce rnuy yma, a ro
je cner y cnom orahany n onom mro ra omoryhana a jecre, mn ce nonecno ynyhyjemo
y nerone ocnone, ynasehn rnm nyrem n y cam ym, xaxo ce on xoncrnryncao y
nnoxpyry npnponor cnerna xoje je rpanno ycxy nnnnnnsannjy. Ta xoncrnrynnja
pasmarpana je pasnnjanem ncnxo-]enomenonomxor opranona xao nornxe npnmepene
apxeonornnn yma, n nera omoryhanajyhnm cnneronnma npnonrnocrn, nnn
jenocrannnje, nemy cnojcrnene njanexrnxe nocrojana. V rom cmncny ]yxooncxa
napanrma apxeonornje snana xao mohn, xoja je uecrnro ncrpaxena na nonosn
sananoenponcxe ncropnje emanana nnxnnsnropno-ersexyrnnne nerone nmensnje,
yyhn a je nponsno oxonnocrn, a ne came ynyrpamne nyxnocrn orahana, nhe
cranena y sarpae npe nsnopnnjnm n oyxnarnnjnm nacrojannma (xao npnmep, y
ncrouno-enponcxom apeany nnxnnsnnnje nnje nn nno). Pasymenajyhnm rymauenem
crnapn xoje ce rnuy yma, a ro je cner y cnom orahany n onom mro ra omoryhana a
jecre, mn ce nonecno ynyhyjemo y nerone ocnone, ynasehn rnm nyrem n y cam ym, xaxo
ce on xoncrnryncao y nnoxpyry npnponor cnerna xoje je rpanno ycxy
nnnnnnsannjy.
Apxernncxo nopexno cnnx ncnxo-]enomenonomxnx nnona oncranxa ynyrnno
nac je na ym y xojem onn xao neje nsnjajy na nneno. Jom o Hnrarope n rsn. ''npnnx
rpuxnx mypana'', pacnpocrpanena je mncao o carneanany saxonomepnocrn y
xocmocy xoje he a ye camocranno n nenpncrpacno. Cacnnm ynaxanajyhn raj saxren,
naano n nnax yxasarn na apxernncxn cnoj onora mro je saonjeno y npecrann,
xojom ce neja penpesenryje, xao nemro mro ce ncro raxo nanasn n y xynronnma n
mnronomxnm onnnnma caonmranana. Ty cy npeana pennor Fanxana n Mane
Asnje, Ernnra, xoncrnryrnnna sa nacrajane onaxnnx mnmena, xaa cy ce ona
onono ysnrna n ocamocrannna. H cam anxancxn crapnnan - Henasr- Hnraropa je
npnnannx one rpyne najcrapnjnx napoa na Fanxany, xoja nopasymena n
enomnnonann cnonencxn n crapocpncxn enemenr. Heorxpnnene cy n jom neonono
youene nese xoje je Bnnuancxa xynrypa, nnn ona jom pennnja Henencxor Bnpa (9000
r. n. n. e.), nmana ca naponma xojn cy onranann onacrn 'Hcroxa', o Pnmana
amnnncrparnnno nasnane Hnnpnx, Tpaxnja, Mesnja, a oaxne nornuy npeana o
Op]ejy n Hnny, xao n mncrepnjama xnnora cauynannm y xynronnma eneysnnnja,
naprexo]opnja, xopnanrcrna nr. Tyre jom ynex xpamonn y pennoj oonn ca
18
cnojnm oxancrnom omarpocom n ynamhennm menrannnm arnerama xojn cy ce oxo
ne uncrnnn, orepnnann n ypehnnann menrarnnno, a ne camo ]nsnuxn. Ta penna
casnana o nonesanocrn ncnxo]nsnunocrn renonnxnx cxnonona re je nocnena
rnap xao nenrn]nxannono cpecrno casnana npenosnarnna rex y eonnmrny n
yrom nanocry npnnnxanana y casnanany, jecre jena o xapaxrepncrnxa npeana
naxnor sa oncranax na onom n onaxnom cnery.
Paonn nennxor apxeonora Mnnoja M. Bacnha ynosopnnn cy na one
Hoynane xao apean nncoxe yxonne xynrype cauynan y marepnjannnm ocrannma
nocyha n npnopa, ]nrypnna ca xynrnnm nmennma, anarxn na xojnma ce npnn nyr
jana nnneapno nncmo. To cy nncmo xao 'noysane snaxe' nornpnnn Iopon uajn n
Mapnja Inmyrac, npnajyhn my nocean snauaj y penensnjn oxropcxe nceprannje
o 'Bnnuancxom nncmy' Mnnrona Bnna, a opehenn cncrem nerone emn]pannje
nonyno je 1985. ronne p Pannoj Hemnh. Ono n nno npno crapoenponcxo nncmo
nenrpannor Fanxana n oner Hoynana xoje saxrena cyouanane n pasymenane,
cnaxaxo anexo nehe nero mro my je o caa xao ]enomeny npyxeno. Tpacnpanem
meroe ncrpaxnnana npnonrnocrn ra snana nncy sanemapnnana, yyhn a je neh n
cam Hnaron, o unjnx ce mncaonnx carneanana crora n xpehe, cmarpao a cy
ncxoncxa nmenonana (Kpamu.) xao n nsnopne mypocrn (4eoou) xo 'napnapa', a
ne Jennna. To y 4eoouv ncrnue ymnpyhn Coxpar yuennnnma xojn ra mone sa
nocnenn caner mra a unne naxon nerone cmprn. Hnre xo napnapa, moryhe je
pasymern n xao npahane nsnopnnjoj oxnacnunoj xynrypn Fanxana, xoja je
enomnnonana nnnm nanernma n ocnajannma crapojennncxnx nnemena, xoje
acnpcxn sanncn enexe xao yre Axanane, mro cy nennxom psnnom na cnny
acnmnnonana n nperonnna penne nenamxe xynrype na cnoj naunn.
Anrponoreorpa]cxn noann xojnma je ynopnnm ncrpaxnnana y ''C.oeeucru+
cmapuua+a'' ycneo a onnaa, yjeno cy nnn n xopnsonr pasnoxnocrn neronor
ynra, a y rom xyunom momenry (1848. r.) `menypena` n cnonencxnx napoa y
nonecrn, xoja je ry mohny xaronnuxy nmnepnjy, rorono ce moxe pehn nacnennny
pnmcxor napcrna, ycnenn a norpecy ns remea, ornapajyhn npocrop
npecrpyxrypannjama n najpasnonpcnnjnm mon]nxannjama xoje cy yponne nennm
pacnaom n ]opmnpanem nonnx, camocrannnx n c osnpom na nperxona ycrpojcrna,
n ynexonnxo cnoonnx pxana. Ta ynronna npra nocraje n nsnecna xoncranra
xapaxrepa yn xojn cy ce annnn cnonencxnm nnrannma y npemencxoj nmensnjn,
raxo a nn mn nemamo norpey a je nseranamo, ann y cnaxom cnyuajy ne ncrypajyhn
je y npnn nnan, jep n ro nmno na pauyn rpancnapenrnocrn n jacnocrn ncrpaxnnana.
V xpajennma nsmehy nenpa n ceneponcrounnx Kapnara onranajy Cpn y
cnojoj semn ''Fojxn'' npema nanonma Koncranrnna Hop]nporennra ns X nexa n.e.,
ann n es ror cneouancrna nocroje nornpe sa nnxono onranane y nexaamnoj
onacrn rsn. 'Tpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje' xoja crapnnom cexe o na mnnennjyma npe
n. e. Hayunnx Hyop Hnepne y cnom eny Slovanske staroitnosti, Puvod a pocatky
Slovani jinich, V Prage, 1906 (I, 1741), ynosopno je a napo xojn Xepoor nmenyje
xao Heypn, nocn cymrnncxa oenexja cnonencxor ernnxa, xao mro je ro npe nera
Ba]apnx xoncraronao sa Fynne. O rome n Xepoor xaxe: ''A Heypn nmajy cxnrcxe
onuaje. 3a npeme jenor noxonena npe apnja mopann cy a nanycre cnojy semy
sor smnja. Mnore cy ce smnje nojannnane ns nnxone seme, a jom nnme nx je
ynaano cnoa, ns nycrnne, ox nncy nnn npncnenn a nanycre semy n a ce
19
nacene mehy Fynne. Hsrnea a cy cnn onn yn uaponann, jep Cxnrn, na n
Xenenn nacranenn y Cxnrnjn, npnuajy a ce cnaxn Heyp jeannyr ronmne npernapa
y nyxa, a sarnm nonono onja cnoj npnonrnn onnx. Mene nncy mornn y ro a
ynepe, ann onn ynopno rnpe a je ro ncrnna, na ce uax n saxnnny.'' (Xepoor,
Hcmopufa, VI, 105) Hme Fynnn remxo a moxe a nornue o neuer pyror cem o
cnonencxor anenarnna ''nrn yan'', sa mra n Ba]apnx nenocmncneno yrnphyje
xaxo: ''prinalaegj dle wij podobnosti ku kmenu windickemu cili srbskemu'' (C.oe.
cmapor., II, 157; Fynnn), yremeyjyhn raxno cxnarane na pacnonoxnnom nnxonnm
onncy xo Xepoora. On nac nsnemrana o nennxom nnemeny neoma nnannx ounjy
(o o i), xoje je pnhe xoce n rpan xyhe n xpamone o pnera.
Onn cy crapoceeonn (uo), n crouapn (o), xojn ce ane nprnapcrnom
n xpane xneom (Xep. Hcr., IV, 108; 109). Hosnnajyhn ce na naneenn nsnemraj o
cnernoj xomnnexcnjn n xcnnorexroncxoj apxnrexrypn xojy nparn rocroynnocr n
onymrane npnomnnnama a cnane ora nonnca, Ba]apnx cmarpa a cy onn, ncro
xao n Heypn pooreue - cnonencxn xnna, jacnnje nnncxn nnn cpncxn. To ce cnaxe
n ca xasnnanem y Hronomejenoj Ieorpa]njn (I, 3. n. 5): ''i o u
i i r o, ur \ i, i g''
(Oner, nsmehy Heyxnna n Facrpana cy Kanpnjann, nsna xojnx cy Iennn, nno
Foenn/Fonnn).
Bnx cnomnne n Homnonnje Mena, nanoehn a Fynnn n Ienonnn nacranyjy
pnene rpaone, xao n Hnnnnje: ''A Taphris per contineutem introrsus tenent Auchretae
apud quos Hypanis oritur: Neuri apud quos Borysthenes, Geloni, Thussagetae, Budini,
Basilidae et caeruleo capillo Agathyrsi'' (O Ta]pnca ce ae nporexy nacnonenn na
Ayxere xojn crane Xnnan: Heypn, xojn cy xo Fopncrena (nenpa), Ienonn,
Tycarern, Fynnn, Facnnne n Ararnpcn nnannuacre xoce.) (Plinius, Nat. hist., IV, 12.,
88) One rpuxe, ernnarcxe n pnmcxe nsnemraje onynanajy n Res gestae Amnjana
Mapnennna, nennxor nojcxonohe nponarancxor napa Jynnjana Anocrare, n neronor
rnannoxomanyjyher sa Hcrox, unje ce cpenmre nanasnno y Cpemcxoj Mnrponnnn:
''Inter hos Neuri mediterranea incolunt loca, vicini verticibus celsis, quos praeruptos
geluque torpentes aquilones adstringunt. Post quos Budini sunt et Geloni perquam feri,
qui debractis peremptorum hostium cultibus indumenta sibi equisque tegmina conficiunt,
bellatrix gens.'' (Mehy rnma Heypn naceanajy cpeosemna mecra, am oxpenyrn
cycenma unje crpmnne nonesyjy sanehene cenepne crpane. Hocne raxnnx cy neoma
cpuann (yrn) Fynnn n Ienonn, xojn cy nenpnjarenma xoje ncnpaxnanajy
oysnmann xoxna (xynrna) oena n cen caunnnnanann ncre oope; paroopan
napo.) (Ammianus Marcellinus, Res gestae, XXXI c.2, 14)
Maa cy one mnnnrapncrnuxe onacxe Amnjana Mapnennna (pohen oxo 330. r.
n. e., nojnnx neh o naecre ronne n ypso nocrao rpynnn o]nnnp rape, 363. r.
nparno napa Jynnjana Anocrary y noxoy na Hcrox, re 395. nanncao cnoje Res gestae),
nemro mro camo nornphyje opehenn menrannrer cnonencxor xnna xojn ce ouynao n
o anac (nemro xacnnje cnnune he xoncrarannje a nsnece n Manpnxnje y cnojnm
Cmpameee+ama+a), sa nac je snauajnnje ro mro nornphyje Xepoorone nsnemraje, a
nanon n noarax a ce y Hoynany n anamnoj Fauxoj nanasnna n uynena ''Villa
pistrensis'', y xojoj cy xnnenn ''napnapn'', a mro neoonno moxe a nac aconnpa na
an anac nocrojehn rononnm ''Pnnax'', moryhe n na cpemcxoj crpann ynana, npexo
nyra Honor Caa. Cnomnnyhn cacnnm jacno n Heype n Fynne, sa xoje o Xepoora
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snamo a xnne xao cycen Cxnra (oxo cxnrcxor ernnxa nonpnnnuna je spxa, ann
npeonnahyje ynepene a cy ro raxohe enomnnonann Cnonenn), Mapnennn nac jom
nnme yrnphyje y ynepeny a cy ro enomnnonann Crapocpn.
Cam Xepoor npoyxana: ''Jena o cxnrcxnx pexa je, axne, Hcrep (ynan o
ymha ca Canom o Hpnor Mopa), a pyra je Tnpac (necrap); n on nsnnpe na cenepy,
ns jenor nennxor jesepa xoje ce nanasn na rpannnn nsmehy Cxnra n Heypa. Ha
neronom ymhy nacennnn cy ce Xenenn, raxosnann Tnpenann.'' (Xr., Hcm., IV, 51)
Cxnrcxa cy ounro jyxnocnonencxa nnemena y onem Hoynany n Honecrpony, a
onn xoje nasnna Tnpenannma, Tnpcennma (npema pyrnm oxymenrnma - Henasrn,
Pacn n Pamann), jecy camn npenn Jennna xoje cy onn y annnnn ocnojnnn n
acnmnnonann.


































21
2. emnqponane cnonencxor n c1apocpncxor apeana, npeua pennnu
nc1ounnnnua

Kaxo cmo ro neh nsnoxnnn, naneenn Hnnnnjenn Serbi n Hronomejenn r,
janajy ce y onnm onacrnma xoje ce nanase y Hanonnjn n ncrouno o Foc]opa, a re
ce npema cacnnm necnopnnm apxeonomxnm noannma yxnana n npocrop rsn.
''Tpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje'', sa xojy nema nnme neoymnna oxo napoa xojn jy je
nocno. To cy neocnopno Cnonenn na rny Hnnpnxa, xojn cy ry onacr nasnnann nexnm
cnojnm nmenom, Cenepnn, Hnopnx, Caarnja Hcrox nnn npocro Cpnja.
unnene onnx noaraxa cnopnnm (onuno na raj naunn a ce ysnma sa rpemxy y
pyxonncy nnn a ce nopasymena cnyuajna noyapnocr ca nexnm nee]nnncannm
ernnxom), xoja ce rorono nornyno yonuajnna naxon nmuesanana sacrynnnxa rsn.
''pomanrnuapcxe ncropnje'' (npema yonmre nnje jacno samro ry yanyjy n cacnnm
cxpynynosnor n aprymenrnma naopyxanor Ba]apnxa), nma cnoje yoxe xopene y
nocprany npe yxonnom oxynannjom xojy je onom namem anxancxom rny namennna
excnansnonncrnuxa nonnrnxa mncnonapcxe nnsanrnjcxe nponennjennnje, xao n
norone rsn. ''nopnjcxe mxone'', xoja je ysnsana Iepmane nsna cnnx n cnera.
One ne naa cmernyrn c yma nn unrany nnejay nnsanrnjcxnx ncropnuapa,
xojn cy, ys nexonnxo uacnnx nsyseraxa, ycnenann mnoro ycnemnnje, ycne yrnea n
yrnnaja raxne npocnere, xpos xojy cy re reopnje mnpene, a sor cnnunnx mornna
Cpnma namerny xomnnexc napoa es xopena n crana, nexnx ohoma no nnxone
rpannne y VII nexy naxon pohena Xpncroconor, uax poncxnx npnpoa n no
ernmonomxom nmeny Cpa, xaxo je ro nnenmn oyhy na nnxonnm norama
(neponarno onanxe), am nenomypeno saxyuno xpnmhancxn nap Koncranrnn
Hop]nporennr y 10. nexy.
Kao mro je ro Ba]apnx jom anno npnmerno, ro je ounrneno jena neoma
opo cmnmena nonnrnuxa nonana,
19
jep anannsa ocranor ncropnjcxor marepnjana

19
...in einem politischen Apollogie kunstvoll umgesponnen" - neoma nemro cmpcno c jenom
nonnrnuxom anonornjom; xaxo xaxe y cnncy o nopexny Cnonena na crp. 138., cmarpajyhn sa
Hop]nporennrone xonnsnje n xonrpanxnnje cneehe: onymram a nap unje nmao euxe nnn
napncxe xapre rnannnx mraona, ann raxno ecmncneno reorpa]cxo nesnane ne mory a npnxnarnm.
Jep, no nemy, npenn nnsanrnjcxnx mrnhennxa, xojn cy nanycrnnn pycxy Cpnjy, rpeano je, nnn cy nax
no rome xenenn a ce npare y xpaj, xojn je no nacneno nonoxan upanauxoj, a n ramo nacrannnn
a xnne y poncrny. (ramo, crp. 137) Oxo onora cacnnm ce npnpono ne cnaxy mnmena nayunnxa,
xao n y norney nopexna n npaomonnne Cnonena.
V cnojoj crynjn 'C.oeeucra nopeooeua epa+amura', 3arpe, 1970., Crjenan Hnmnh ce ocnonno na
Xnprona, Bpeepona n mnmena Posnaoncxor, pasmarpajyhn nnrana npaomonnne Hnoenponana
(cnaxaxo, ony nopnjcxy resy ysnma xao nsnecnocr), a n y cemoj rnann ynoa pasmarpao n camy
''cnonencxy npaomonnny''. Ty on onymra npaomonnny Cnonena na npocropy nsmehy Kapnara n pexa
Bncne n nenpa (Hnepne), cnomnnyhn xao moryhnocrn Hoynane (Hecrop) n Bemna; Honnne,
Hnmencxo jesepo (Baxmaron-Posnaoncxn). Cnen n xoncrarannja, o xojoj cam Hnmnh nnmra ne xaxe:
Baxmaron je y Honncae xao cycjee mernyo Benee, xoje je nenrn]nnnpao ca Kenrnma, ann je
xpnrnxa nerono mnmene onna. Rozwadovski mncnn a Benn, unje je nme npemno na Iepmane n
nocnnje na Cnanene, nnjecy nnn Kenrn, nero camo c nnma cponn. (ramo c. 16) Baa nmarn y nny n
nsjane Cxnnnnnne ncropnje (II, 714), re xaxe a je sa nnaana Mnxanna VIII yxe napo Cpa, xojn n
Xpoarnma nasnnajy orepao nopoene Fyrape; xao n 3onapnn, a cy y nanery sanocenn yrapcxy
semy. One nnemencxe mehyconne ronope n o nncxocrn napoa na rom rny.

22
(xao n nexnx ocxynnx apxeonomxnx cneouena xoja cmo onnn saxnayjyhn
cjajnom Mnnojy M. Bacnhy, ann ne n neronnm cneennnnma), xasyje o anexo
crapnjoj npncyrnocrn Cpa na Fanxany, o uemy npno rpea npyxnrn xpahy cxnny, a
sarnm n mnpe paspae y penenanrnoj nnreparypn xoja ce annna nsyuanannma rnx
capxaja. Ba]apnx, je nanme cmarpao, a es osnpa na ysyce nepn]nxannje
xnjepapxnje nannonannor ycrpojcrna raamnnx pxana, xao cranapnsonannx
peannnx cpenmra mohn raamne Enpone, ys npecyny cnonencxy connapnocr, xoja
ce ne sanaxa xo mnomrna noronnx cpncxnx ncrpaxnnaua, xaxo cy Cpn onranann n
na Fanxany n Hoynany n npe Bennxe ceoe, re a cy ce jenocranno npema
Hop]nporennronnm nsnemrajnma cyehn, cennnn onn Cpn ns Hpononrna n
3axanxasja y cnoje raxohe marnune npeene, re cy neh onranann ncronmenn nnxonn
cponnnn.
Onaj xpaap Ba]apnxon saxyuax nnje ce morao pannrn jenno enonanem y
pymrnenom xonrexcry onnxonanom crparnrpa]njom nonmana pnmoxaronnuxe
omnnanre yrnnaja na connjannn xnnor, nonnrnxy, nayxy n opasonane xacypmxe
monapxnje, raxo a cy ro pomanrnuapcxe cnaocrn xoje cy y ro npeme nne
npnxnarnne, a a cy nnaue neyremeene. Taxo n npano na cnaocrn mannx
onosnnnonnx napoa npema nejn n enonany nennxonemauxor xeremonnsma n
nopannanajyher ynn]opmncana, re n ce xao ns memnpa nsnnaunnn nexn
npacrapn Cpn n Cnonenn, nno nnme nero nenoxeno. Ba]apnx je n crora mopao
a ye nnme nero cxpynynosan y oxasnom nocrynxy n nsnomeny marepnjana na
xojem je sacnnnao cnoje rnpne. Fam ona nepoocrojnocr yunnnna je ro a n o anac
mnorn pesynrarn neronnx ncrpaxnnana oone ncnnrnma npemena, re ocrany
nenpenasnhenn, xao onn xojn ce nncy nopennn rexyhnm nnrepecnma nnacrn n.
mohn.
V eny xoje je no nacnonom: ''Slovanske staroitnosti okres drugy od 476 pred.
Kr. a do 988 po kr.'', a xoje je npnpeno n y Hpary nsao neron raxohe cjajnn cnnonan
Koncranrnn Jnpeuex 1863. r., Ba]apnx anannsnpa nsnope xoje nponanasn xo
Xepoora (485-425. n. n. e.), sarnm Iaja Hnnnnja Hennnnja pyror (23-75. n. e.), Iaja
Kopnennja Tannra (oxo 55-116. n. e.), Knaynja Hronomeja (?-175. n. e.), Mojcnja
Xopencxor (370-489), Hpoxonnja ns Hesapeje (500-562), cne o Aama Fpemencxor
(+1076), Hecropa Knjeno-neuepcxor monaxa (1056-1116) n xnesa Xenmona (+ 1170),
ysnmajyhn o nnx noarxe o cnonencxom nmeny n crapnnn, ncrnuyhn noceno n
Cpe. V rpuxnm, narnncxnm, cnonencxnm n craporepmancxnm nsnopnma, Cnonenn ce
cnomnny no nmennma: Cnonann, Cnann, Cnanenn, Cxnannnn, Bnnn, Benn, Anrn,
Cpn, Cnopn, Cepnern, 3epynann, Benern, Xenejn, Bnnern, Bnnonn, Xnnnnn,
Innnnn, Fynnn, Heypn, Hanpn nr., xaxo neh na nouerxy cnoje pacnpane ncrnue
Ba]apnx. Hsnemranajyhn o pasnnm moryhnm ernmonornjama, xojnma ce yrnphyje
snauene cnonencxor nmena, on cmarpa a je najnnxa ncrnnn ona xoja xpehe o nojma
CHOBO (nnn, crp. 50), a , sa najpamnpennje nme cmarpa a je mehy cnonencxnm
naponma camnm: Cnonenn n Cpn. On oxymenryje cpncxo nme y onacrnma pycxnx
Cnonena, y onacrnma npnannrnuxnx n cpeneenponcxnx Cnonena (n anac ocrao
ernonnm Hyxnuxn Cpn, xao n onn Honancxn), xao n cnaxaxo mehy Jyxnnm
Cnonennma na Fanxany, mro oner ne na pyxy reopnjn, jom o Byxa Cre]anonnha
Kapaunha.nsnecenoj, a cy Cpn cnn n cnya, rj. a je na nexn naunn moryhe
''npnonrno nme'' cnnx Cnonena nno Cpn.
23
Jom je Mnnan Fynmnp npnmerno a je Byxy raxo npnnncnnan nancpnsam,
maa ce on y cnom cnncy yonmre nnje nosnnao na Hyxnuxe Cpe nnn crape 3epnyane
nnn 3epnane (= Cpane), a rorono ncro mnmene Ba]apnxono npocro je
nrnopncano, maa je nsnomeno ca ocnennm nosnnanem na nsnemraje Hnnnnja,
Hronomeja, onexne Hpoxonnja n ocrannx penenanrnnx ncropnorpa]a.
Hanen Jose] Ba]apnx nocrao je oxrop ]nnoco]nje 1817 r., ca 22 ronne
crapocrn. 3nane oxropa ]nnoco]cxnx nayxa ono je y onamnem cpenmry
enponcxor ]nnoco]cxor xnnora, naxon ne ronne crynpana. Ty je crexao nayuny
cxpynynosnocr nnajyhn nome onpeeen, napounro y noranxocrn ]nnonomxor
npncryna crapnnama, xojn je xymannsam npernocranao no cnojnm nejama. V
]nnoco]njn je crajao no yrnnajem Jaxoa upnpnxa upnsa (Wissen, Glauben und
Ahndung, Jena, 1805), xojn ce Kanronom ]nnoco]njom anno ynnauehn y ny
Jaxonjeny pennrnosno-]nnoco]cxy nnrynnnjy sa ornopen npannn cncrem
ncropnjcxor uonexa. To je nno y cxnay n ca Xepeponnm nejama xoje cy nasnane
''anocroncrnom xymanocrn''. Xepep je necymnnno nsnpmno snauajny nncnnpannjy sa
none npanne pasnoja nnnnnnsannje enponcxor cnera. V cnom eny Ideen zur
Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, 1791, Xepep je yuenoj enponcxoj jannocrn
oparno naxny na Cnonene, cmarpajyhn a cy onn o raa ''saysnmann nnme mecra na
semn, nero y ncropnjn'', jep cy nocrann ycne cnor mnpoynnor yxa xprne jaunx n
cyponnjnx cycea - Hemana, Mahapa, Tarapa n Typaxa. Cxnonn omahnncxom xnnory
n nesann sa semy, Cnonenn cy nnme rpnenn nyxy paronana nero mro cy ro xenenn,
a nocnenna je nna a cy cxnonnjn arpecnnnocrn ycnenann a nx norncny n ymane
nnxon ernnuxn n ncropnjcxn snauaj y enponcxoj nnnnnnsannjn. Xepep je o rome
nncao: ''Onn cy nonenn semopany, sannxy y cranma n xnry, a n nonexy omahy
nemrnny, n pasnnjann cy na cne crpane ca nponsnonma cnoje seme n cnora rpya
xopncny rpronnny. yx Hcrounor mopa, nouen o Hnexa, carpannn cy nomopcxe
rpaone, mehy nnma Bnnery na ocrpny Pnreny, xoja je nna cnonencxn Amcrepam;
raxo a cy opxanann nesy n ca Hpycnma, Kypnanhannma n Heronnnma, xao mro
noxasyje jesnx onnx napoa. Ha nenpy cy carpannn Knjen, na Bonxnn Honropo,
xojn cy ycxopo nocrann nanpenn rpronauxn rpaonn, cnajajyhn Hpno mope ca
Hcrounnm, n onocehn nponsnoe Hcroxa cenepnoj n sananoj Enponn.
V Hemauxoj cy ce annnn pyapcrnom; pasymenann cy ce y roneny n nnneny
merana, cnpanann cy co, nspahnnann nnarno, xynann meonnny, cannn nohxe n na
raj naunn npononnn neceo n saonoan, mysnxanan xnnor. Fnnn cy apexnnn,
rocroynnn o pacnnxyhnocrn, nonenn cy cnooy y semn, ann cy nnn noxopnn n
nocnymnn, nenpnjaren ornmaunne n nauxe. Cne nm ro nnje nomorno npornn
yrneranana; mrannme, onpnnocnno je yrneranany. Jep, xaxo ce nnxaxo nncy
ornmann o npennacr y cnery n nncy nmann mehy coom paroopnnx nacnennx
nnaapa, n xaxo cy nnme nonenn a nnahajy anax axo n nm camo nno moryhe a na
mnpy cranyjy y cnojoj semn, ro cy ce o nnx jaxo orpemnne mnore nannje, a najnnme
napon nemauxor crana.
Beh no Kapnom Bennxnm nacrann cy yrneranauxn paronn, xojn cy ounrneno
sa nono nmann rpronauxe xopncrn, maa cy sa nsronop nmann xpnmhancxy nepy; jep
sa jynauxe upanxe mopano je, aome, a ye yono a ca jenom nannjom, xoja ce
ann semopanom n rpronnnom, nocrynajy xao ca cnyrama, ymecro a camn nayue n
ynpaxnanajy re nemrnne. Bro cy nouenn upannn onpmnnn cy Cacn; y raxnnm
24
noxpajnnama nnn n Cnonenn ncrpeenn nnn npernopenn y poone, a nnxone
seme pasennane mehy nnanxe n nnemnhe. Bnxony rpronnny na Hcrounom mopy
ynnmrnnn cy Cxannnancxn Iepmann; nnxon rpa Bnnera sanpmno je xanocno
saxnayjyhn annnma, a nnxonn ocrann y Hemauxoj nannx cy na ono mro cy Bnannn
yunnnnn Hepyannnma.
a nn n nno uyno axo n ce naxon unrannx nexona nojapmenocrn n
najye oropuenocrn one nannje na nene xpnmhancxe rocnoape n pasojnnxe nen
mexn xapaxrep cposao o nomyxne, cnnpene rpomocrn cnojcrnene cnyrama? Ha nnax
ce cnya, napounro y semama y xojnma nmajy nemro cnooe, moxe nosnarn nnxono
neramne oenexje. Hecpehan je nocrao raj napo crora mro ce, ca cnojom yany
npema mnpy n omahoj pannocrn, nnje morao rpajno oprannsonarn sa par, maa my
nnje neocrajana xpapocr y cnaxnom ornopy. Hecpehan, jep neron nonoxaj mehy
naponma ra je oneo na jenoj crpann y nnsnny Hemana, a na pyroj ocranno nerono
sanehe ornopeno sa cne nanae ncrounnx Tarapa, no xojnma je, uax n no Monronnma
mnoro crpaao, neoma nponarno.
Touax npemena xoje onocn npomene, oxpehe ce; nesapxnno -n xaxo onn
napon maxom cranyjy y najnenmem xpajy Enpone, xaa n on no cacma opahen n
jom ce ns rora pasnnna n rpronnna, re xaxo ce pyraunje ne a nn samncnnrn nero a
he ce y Enponn saxonoancrno n nonnrnxa ymecro parnnuxor yxa cne nnme moparn
a nornomaxy, n sancra he a ce nornomaxy, rnxy npenohy n mehyconn caopahaj
napoa, ro here n nn, raxo yoxo nann, nexaa npenn n cpehnn napon, najsa
npoyhenn ns cnor yror rpomor cna, ocnoohenn cnojnx poncxnx nanana cmern a
xopncrnre cnoje nene xpajene o Japancxor mopa o Kapnara, o ona o Monane,
xao nnacrnry cnojnny, n a cnannre y nnma cnoje crape cnerxonnne mnpne
mapnnocrn n rpronnne.'' (Johann Gottfried Herder, Ideen zur Philosophie der
Geschichte der Menschheit, Berlin, 1784-1791.,c. 24-26)
On je npnn jacno nspasno ynepene xoje je Ba]apnxy mopano yoxo a
nmnonyje, a ro je a he ce Cnonenn npnnaronrn ycnonnma nnnnnnsannje n ojauarn je
cnojom cnexom xpny. 3nauajno naaxnyhe nsnpmnna je n nerona neja a he
cnonencxn ym (Verstand) a npocnernn n ononn cner y nnaany nsnypennx Harnna n
Iepmana, xao omopna n cnexa rpynannja napoa. H nopehene a he ro nrn
ornpnnnxe xao mro cy repmancxn napnapn nnn saysenn mecro pasmaxennx Pnmana,
nocn y cen cnojenpcny cnmonnuxy rexnny. Ba]apnx je jean o onnx xojn je cen
ao saarax a ncrpaxn cnonencxo nopexno n xopene y noponnn enponcxnx napoa,
n a nx na najon naunn onnme n nporymaun. Cnonencxa neja rnme n nmana ynory
ynornynanana oraa nenornyne n.npnnnuno nnmnronane ]nnoco]nje ncropnje.
Tome je rpeana n nona meroa xoja he, cem nonpnnnuno xpyre ncropnjcxo-
]nnonomxe remarnxe xnacnunnx nsnopa, oyxnararn ]onxnop n xnnxennocr, ca
unme na snauajy onja n ncropnja xnnxennnx ena n crpemena. Honopasnnjena
meroa rneana na nayxy n ]nnoco]njy y ro oa ospauena je npocnernrecrnom
Bonrepa n Monrecxjea xoje je na onnuan naunn ynorpeno Joxan Kpncrnjan
Aenynr, anocrpo]npajyhn snauaj nojma Culturgeschichte. Kao n Joxan upnpnx
Banep y cnojoj npnmenn onnx samncnn na nnrepapny ncropnjy - Handbuch einer
allgemeine Geschichte der literarischen Cultur, 1804., Ba]apnx ojanyje cnojy npny
xnnry y Fynmnemrn no nacnonom Geschichte der Slavischen Sprache und
Literatur nach allen Mundarten, 1826. Beh cneehe ronne nsamna je xnnra xoja je
25
excnnnnnpana npnnnnne n meroonomxn xopnsonr none ]nnoco]nje ncropnje,
nmajyhn y nny marncrpanne npanne n rnanne neje xoje xasyjy o npomnocrn n
npo]nny cnonencxor cnera y cxnony uoneuancxe sajennne xnnena. To je eno -
ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki, 1928., xoje y cnom spaueny na
nnnnnnsonann cner ne ryn cnexnny n cjaj, ann ocraje y cennn nopnjcxnx reopnja
xoje cy y ro oa, na rorono o name canpemenocrn, ocrane omnnanrne.
Vrnnaj rnx neja xeneo je a nojaua raxohe nayunnm cpecrnnma, uera je nno
nennxa noromna monorpa]nja ns cnonencxe apxeorpa]nje - ''C.oeeucre cmapuue'',
xoje cy ojanene y Hpary 1837. V nnma nnje ncnoeno camo ono mro Cnonenn na
onaj nnn onaj naunn snajy o cen n cnery y xom cy sareuenn na pannn ocehaja, neh je
crnap nonrnyra na nnno mepoanne pacnpane xoja aprymenryje n na xpnrnuan naunn
ocnerana cnojy npomnocr, youanajyhn moryhe npanne xperana y yyhnocrn. V noj
on ycraje npornn nncana xojn cy pyxno n ca nornennnanem nncann o Cnonennma,
ornopeno n cnoono sacrynajyhn aprymenrannjy y cnyxn nsnopnnx n mepoannnx
unnennna, npema concrnenoj canecrn n mepn yxyca ymne ayronomnocrn.
Tnme je ornopno nayunn xopnsonr n yraao nyr ]nnonomxnm nennunnama xao
mro je xo nac no Mnnan Fynmnp n Cre]an Jocn]onnh, nnn apxeonosnma - Mnnojy
M. Bacnhy n Mapnjn Inmyrac, ca xpajnom pesynranrom y resn o Crapoj Enponn xao
nsnopnmry n yronn enponcxe nnnnnnsannje. Knnra ''O noper.v C.oeeua'' nocnna je
jaxe npernocranxe na xojnma je nounnano neno nsnohene n oxasnnane, re je
xynrypnoncropnjcxn mero nnao oneen o enerannnje panxannnx oprana
xopnsonra pasmarpana. Ha ocnony npennsne anannse, sa xojy je, cnaxaxo, nno
norpeno cynepeno nnaane xnacnunnm jesnnnma, xao n xomenraropcxom rpahom
romnnanom xpos nexone, on je oneo nexonnxo panxannnx nponena aprnxynncannx y
mepoanno cranonnmre. Cnaxaxo, najanexocexnnjn je cran o noreopnjcxom
xapaxrepy anrponoreorpa]cxnx snana xnacnunnx nncana, xojn y mxoncxoj cnecrn
ymenajy a naxe sa nenpnxocnonen ayropnrer: ''Bra cy Ipnn n Pnmann yonmre
snann o cenepno-enponcxnx jesnxa? Axo ce caxynn cne mro cy nam ocrannnn onn
rpuxo-pnmcxn nncnn, nouen o Xomepa n Xepoora, na o Tannra n Hpoxonnja, mn
nemamo nn jeny peuennny nno xor jesnxa cenepne Enpone.
V crnapn, moxemo a nahemo camo ry n ramo no xojy nnacrnry nmennny,
nononeny na uyonnman naunn o rpuxo-pnmcxnx nesnannna, xojn cy cne
rpennsonann n pomannsonann, a uax n anac, ynpxoc nenspennnoj mapnnocrn
crornna jesnuxnx nayunnxa n ncropnuapa, moxa moxemo a cxnarnmo rex xnanrn
eo onora, mro cy nam onn raxo naxapano npenenn. H cneouancrna raxnnx nncana,
xojn nncy nnn cnoconn a nannmy maxap jeny jenny peu ca cenepne Enpone,
npanehn camo npeno, nnn nno xaxny osnaxy, y cnaxom cnyuajy norpemno, rpea a
nam nocnyxe a ycnocrannmo nayxy o rnm jesnnnma, naponma n nnxonoj
cponocrn?!'' (Schaffarik, P. J., ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki,
Ofen, 1827, c. 78) Ona omrpa onena nopasymenana je n apxeorpa]cxn yremeeno
nsnomene n ojamnanane rpahe y xojoj je o nspaxaja omao nonpnnnuan nemap, na
n npornnpeunocrn xo crapnx nncana, na ocnony xojnx je ycnenna xoncrarannja
naxna sa nnrane npncycrna Cpa n Cnonena na onem Hoynany n Hanonnjn: ''Cne
rpuxo-pnmcxe nn]opmannje o nocrojany napoa c ony crpany Bncne n mnoro nnxer
ynana, camo cy xpne npnue c ecxpajnnm neocrannma, ns xojnx ce ne moxe
pasaparn ncropnja ma n najmaner napoa.'' ( ucmo. crp.79)
26
pyrn panxannn cran xojn je nsneo ns cemnonomxe anannse npncyrnocrn
nmena cnonencxnx napoa y enomnnonannm ]opmama y ncropnjn, onocn ce na
crapnny n nosnanane cpncxor nmena: ...da der Name Serb als gesamtname fr alle
Stmme darselben windischen (indischen) Abkunft lter sei, als Slawen... /= a je nme
Cpnn xao onmre nme sa cna nnemena nnncxor (nncxor) nopexna, crapnje nero
Cnonenn.../ (ucmo, crp. 66). Opasnoxene samro ro y ncropnjcxnm nonmannma nnje
ncraxnyro cnen y mnoro jacnnjem onnxy nero mro n ce morno ouexnnarn o jene
naaxnyre n mnaanauxe xnnre: 3ancra je uyno a mn rnm crapnm nncnnma
npnnncyjcmo cnesnane n nenorpemnnocr, o uemy uax nn onn camn nncy canann!
Crpaon npnsnaje na nnme mecra, a nnrn on, a nnrn onn npe nera nncy y rom
cmncny nemro nnme n nemro cnrypno snann. Hronomej je, ncrnna, capao ns pasnnx
crapnjnx n canpemennx nsnopa romnny nmena, onnmn nasnn 'oxancxor reorpa]a',
ox oner, n cam n ce on namao y neopanom rpoxhy, xaa n nexo sarpaxno a
caunnn xnacn]nxannjy rnx neronnx nmena no jesnuxoj, nnn nax xpnnoj cponocrn
napoa na xoje ce ra nmena onoce.
Tannr, nosnar xao rnannn nsnop o Iepmannjn, xojn yocranom onasn cam ca
coom y npornnpeunocr, ca pyrnm nncnnma, na uax n ca unnennnama n npnpoom
crnapn, npnsnaje, a nnmra jacno ne sna o onocy n cpocrny Iepmana, Benea n
Capmara, npema je no y Iepmannjn. A Hpoxonnjeno naxnanane o Cxnro-Iepmannma
n Capmaro-Iepmannma rpea a ye sa nac xanon reneanornje napoa? He!
Cneouancrna nn jenor nn pyror, nnrn nnme raxnnx cneoxa, one ne moxe a
onyun: xpos raxan nannpnnr moxe a nac non jenno cneyxynno ncrpaxnnauxn,
ncrnncxn n cneoyxnaran pa. (ucmo, crp. 79; 80)
pacrnuan npnmep xojn Ba]apnx nanon jecre rpennsannja Parocra n
Paomnpa y Anparocroca n Apramepoca, xao n Cpa y Cnope xo Hpoxonnja, o uemy
je n nocranno cynncno nnrane: Kaxo cy Cnonenn mornn cen a naeny rpuxo nme?
Hme, xoje n npno yaenn Cnonenn mehycono jom ynex noce, xao na np. Hyxnuxn
Cpn, anxancxn Cpn, pycxn Cpn, a xoje je nexaa nno omahe n onmrenapono
nme, o uemy he ncropnuapn moparn a noe pauyna. (ucmo, crp. 80) Tnme on
ncronpmeno jacno ]oxycnpa n rese o rsn. 'nnnpnsmy' pasonnuanajyhn nx y cnerny
casnana o xojnx je ocneo: Jep a cy crapn Hnnpn nnn crnapno ncrpeenn, re a
Cnonenn nemajy nnmra pyro o 'pasponane rpaone no nenoj Hnnpnjn', nnn a cy
namnn nycrnny es yn, xaxo n ona omno o rora, a jom n anac nocroje cna
nmena xoja cy cnomenynn crapn reorpa]n n ncropnuapn y Hnnpnjn n Tpaxnjn, ys
nesnarne nsmene? Fes nenocpenor jesnuxor nacneha mehy ynma, ro n morno a ce
ojacnn jenno jom oxancxnm orxpnnenem (durch eine gottliche Revelation
erklarbar (ucmo, crp. 151) Hoceno je panxanna xnnoresa xoja ce onocnna na
nanony ceoy Jyxnnx Cnonena na Fanxan y cemom nexy naxon pohena
Xpncroconor, na nosnn nnsanrnjxor napa Hpaxnnja, xaxo je ro nsneo nap Koncranrnn
Hop]nporennr y ynyrcrnnma cnny Pomany xaxo a nnaa napcrnom. Hanasehn
remene npornnpeunocrn y rom rnpheny, on je saxyuno: ''Ja nnuno nepyjem camo y
ennmnuny cpncxy ceoy, n ro xpajem mecror n nouerxom cemor nexa y Hnnpnjy.
Hanpornn, ono mro je Koncranrnn npnuao o ceon Cpa sa npeme Hpaxnnjeno,
nonpranam najnehoj cymnn.'' (ucmo, crp. 139)
Ba]apnx ry snyun n cacnnm yxyueno y canpemene pacnpane o crapnnn n
pennocrn jesnxa n nncma: Cnonenn cy nmann cnojy asyxy, xoja ce snana yxnnna,
27
nnn ornnenna, necymnno saro mro cy nennm nocpecrnom ojannnane oxancxe
sapane n casnana sa npeme nepcxnx opea. A a cy o npaannnx npemena nncann
cnoje saxone na ranama, sa ro nocroje nnmecrpyxn n necymnnnn oxasn! Hsmehy
ocranor, y cenepnnm npnuama - 3arama, naxnnn cy jom y anno oa Cnonenn n
yonmre ysen xao npocnehenn. Taxo cy na np. Hopmann cnann y 'semy Bana', rj.
cenepnnx Cpa, unjn cy ocrann anamnn Hyxnuxn Cpn, xoje Hemnn nasnnajy jom
ynex Bennma, cnoje orone n cnoje cnanne ye a xo nnx crexny snana n
mypocrn. Taxo je omno o rora a cy onn o 'Bana' ysenn ne camo mnomrno peun,
neh n nnme oxancrana, unja cy nmena pannje ynorpeanann xao cnnonnme ynopeo
ca cnojnm. (ucmo., crp. 45) Cnaxaxo, xeypncruxn xapaxrep ncrpaxnnana ce ry
noxasao y nynom cjajy aprnxynncano onnxonannx n jannocrn npenecennx pesynrara.
a n onoj crynjn oeseno nnaysnnnnocr n ncnpnnocr xojy saxrena
nayunn xapaxrep ncrpaxnnana crnapn, Ba]apnx je npnnpemno onmno eno o
cnonencxoj apxeorpa]njn y xojoj cy naneene cnaxne rese onne nopmxy y
excrensnnnnm nanohennma rpahe n erannjnm onncnma. V C.aefaucru+
cmaporumuocmu+a, naxon nsnohena cneouancrana o pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor
nmena n neronnx nsneennna, on y cmnpenom rony jenocranno saxyuyje: Jeno
raxo npacrapo n y sannuajy yoxo yxopeneno nme, a sa crpanne neonuno, morno je
a non cnoje nopexno n a nma najnpnponnje snauene camo na cnom sannuajnom
rny) Schafarik, P. J., Slawische Alterthmer, Bd. I, Leipzig, 1843., c. 98) V
pasmarpannma ncropnje cnonencxor jesnxa n xnnxennocrn, npehnpnncxa nncmenocr
raxohe my ce unnn necymnnnom: Cacnnm je moryhe, a cy Cnonenn onenn cnonno
nncmo ns Hnnje, ann snane nncana xoje cy npnpono noceonann camo manopojnn,
mopano ce nsrynrn sor neunror nyrana ronnxnx nnemena; nensnecno je, a nn je o
ror pennor nncma nemro npemno y hnpnnnny nnn ne. Hpacrape necme, xoje cy rex y
najnonnje npeme cpehom orxpnnene xo uexa n Pyca, ox cy xo Cpa capane,
yxasyjy na nnxony opnrnnannocr n uncrory, n na anexo pannje yxonno ]opmnpane
napoa, nero mro ce ro onuno ysnma, na cnaxom naa y oun a mnore no nnxonoj
npnnanocrn cexy y yoxe crapnne (in die heidische Periode gehren). (Schaf.,
Gescichte der Slawischen Sprache und Literatur, 1833 c. 18)
O xacnnjnx ayropa, Ba]apnx je ncraxao anonnmnor anapcxor reorpa]a, o
xora je cauynan npennc pyxonnca pannjnx nepsnja ns XI, XII n XIII nexa y peaxnnjn
nnpnepmxor nexapa Xaprmana Beena (+ 1514), nosnaror no cnojoj nnxynaynn o
Hanroapnma. Hncr 148 onor pyxonnca, xojn je ojanno n Ba]apnx y xaranory
cneouancrna o cnonencxnm crapnnama xaxe: ''Zeriuani quod tantum est regnum, ut ex
eo cuncte gentes Sclauorum exorte sint et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant. (3epnyann
(Cpann), unje je xpaencrno ronnxo, a cy o nnx norexnn cnn cnonencxn napon
n, xaxo rnpe, o nnx noe nopexno.)'' (-Fanapcxn reorpa], Reg. historia (Berlin, 1836,
Raumer, n. 148 ). Onaj noarax o pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor nmena ns cenepnnx
enponcxnx xpajena ne xasyje nnmra o rome a cy Cpn crapnjn o pyrnx napoa,
nero a je nnxono nme najnosnarnje n najnpncyrnnje mehy Cnonennma. Cnaxaxo, cam
nncan ncrnue a ro camn Cpn sa cee xaxy,
20
na naa ncrahn a je moryhe n

20
3a jyxnn nonoxaj nporocnonencxnx nacea ronope n pyre unnennne, xoje nornphyjy
nporocnonencxe nese ca anxancxom nnnnnnsannjom y oxnacnuno oa. (Mnnan Fynmnp, Hpoo.e+
ovree u npomoc.oeeucre oo+oeuue, Pa JA3V, 3arpe, 1951., xn. 282, crp. 29, 30, 31) Bnn raxohe n
cnnc - Oner Hnxonajennu Tpyauon, Slavica danubiana continuata, Feorpa, 1996., c. 27-28.
28
nonesnnane ca Cenepnannma /Cenepjane, Cenepjann/, a raxohe n ronorpa]cxa
noxannja na Iopne Hoynane, xaxo je ro ncrnnao Oner Tpyauon. 3a ro
norxpenene moxe a ce nahe n ymonaxa Knjeno-neuepcxe nanpe (1056-1116) xojn ce
onoce na najcrapnjy ncropnjy cnonencxnx napoa, cnomnnyhn n mnora pyra
cnonencxa nnemena, ann saro ncrnuy a nornuy ns jenncrnene nocrojnne unja je
oraunna noxannsonana na Hoynane, o omopoana neponarno snana 'Cpnja' nnn
moxa 'Hcrox' nnn xacnnjn pnmcxn Hnnpnx. Jean pyrn monax ns X-XI nexa,
ocranno je sannc xaxo 'nncaxon n raraxon uepramn n pesamn', a mro nornphyje n
nopnjcxn ncxyn nrmap, xojn ce raxohe ynepno a cy Cnonenn xopncrnnn nncmo
xoje je nasnao Wendischen Runen (Bencxe Pyne). Honropocxn neronnc (1208. r.)
nomnne 'nonropocxe amunne' ca amanerom crapocnonencxnx narancxnx xnexena (c.
732, 744): A cdo na doskach, a to knjwazju ostavie i daa dosky knjazju Svjatoslavu, i
bjae na njich bez cisla. Pyxonohen onnm nasnauennma o nncmenocrn crapnx
Cnonena, a cacnnm opo ynosnar ca apxeonomxnm paonnma Mnnoja M. Bacnha, xao
n apxeonomxnm nennnnnma Co]nje ]on Topma, a ca nehnm samaxom yxaxe na
nocrojane rparona rsn. Bnnuancxor nncma nnn nncma oner Hoynana r. Pannoj
Hemnh, re a npyxn jeno o pemena xoja enyjy nepoocrojno. Hponnuyhn y rsn.
nenacro-cnanncrnuxn apean xojn je meroom naneonnnrnncrnuxe ecxpnnnnje
pasrpnyo Mnnan Fynmnp y nnsy cnojnx sancra rennjannnx nacnyra n nornpno nx
cnaxnom aprymenrannjom, Hemnh je jom nenocpennje nonesao crape Henacre, Cpe
n Erpypne no jenncrnennm xoom Pacencxe, Pamxe xynrype, nonnpane na nanoncxy
onacr, acen Hoynana n nnnuancxn apean.
Pecencxa nnn Pacencxa nnnnnnsannja poonauennnx je rpajne ycxe xynrype,
sa xojy xaxe: Fanxancxn noxannrern ns oa neonnra ca neoma orarom
oxymenrannjom nncma, oannhe raxo ocxopamne reopnje o nacranxy nncma na
jyry, y onom cnyuajy cnonnor nncma xoje nponsnasn ns cnor cncrema y xoje je
xpononomxn erepmnnncano anexo npe cnnx ]amnnnja nncama y Ernnry,
Meconoramnjn, Anaonnjn nnn Ipuxoj. Hnnnja nnnuancxor nncma ynprana je
yoxnm ypesom a osnaun nacranax jene nnnnnnsannje xoja he ce ae mnpnrn na
jyr n cenep, na ncrox n sana. Kameno oa, oa xoje ne nosnaje rpannne ycxe
xomynnxannje, ocrana cnoje rparone ynpano na xameny n xepamnnn, ne camo crora
mro xamen nma mnpnc ycxe yme xojn nponsnasn ns cnojena uncre cnecrn, neh n
crora a orncne crane cnoje cnecrn, a ocrann orneano cnora yxa xao monnrny nnn
nopyxy o cnom nenrnrery. Hnn, xao onomeny n noyxy yyhnm napamrajnma n
npemennma. (Pannoj Hemnh, Sillabario Etruscum, Arezzo, 1980; 'Ceoe nnn
reomerpnja nenrnrera, cneouancrna n xonrponepse o xperany enponcxnx napoa y
nperxpnmhancxoj epn'; ns Catena mundi, Feorpa, 1991, crp. 25)
Taxohe n uynenn nnnrnncra naneocnanncrnuxe opnjenrannje, H. O. Tpyauon
nsnaxe cnoje mnmene o nopexny Cnonena na Hoynany, nornphyjyhn raxo crape
nsnemraje no xojnma je ro n marnuna cnonencxa repnropnja (nnn O. H. Tpyauon,
Emuoeeues u rv.imvpa opeeueuux C.aeu, Mocxna, 1991). Ty repnropnjy opehyje
cnonencxn jesnx unja apxeonomxa nmensnja cexe o nexonnxo mnnennjyma npe name
epe, cauynana npe cnera y npenomennm cemnonomxnm rpahama oxancxnx nasnna n
nmena. Teonnmn cy nsnopan rpar nsnopnocrn n memana jesnxa, a cnryannjy
anrponoreorpa]cxe pacnpocrpanenocrn npnxasyjy nam anannse nn]opmannja


29
onjennx y nsnopnoj oxymenrannjn crapnx napoa. Hsrnea a peu xpnrnxa nonono
mopa a onje na snauajy ojennanajyhn npenocne n ejercxe xomnonenra
nocmarpana crnapn, onpemajyhn rnme ronop xojn ne nocycraje, nororono onaj xojn ce
ne saonoana ca anoxarcxom nemrnnom ronopnnmrna, neh n cmncao n cnpxy opor
n nenor jom ynex cxnara xao ynyrpamnn nanor npnnnxanana ncrnnn cnera mro
jecre n nna. Oanno je nosnar nsnopnn cran nennxor cnernrea n npocnernrea
Ipnrnpnja Haname xojn je y cnncy Cnono y opany cnemrennx ncnxacra, nncao:
Hnje nn nm nxaa nano na ym, a cmo ycrpemnnmn ce na pno snana n oxycnnmn c
nera, ornann c mecra oxancxe cnacrn? He noxennnmn no sanonecrn a enn n
opxana ra (Hocmane 2, 15), ycrynnnn cmo npe nyxannm canernnxom, xojn ce
npnxpao omanom n onpnnneo nac nenorom nosnana opa n sna. Bnno je a je on n
caa onaj, xojn nehe no pyxonocrnom orana a enn n opxana rnoje cpne, re a
npecxasyje rauno snane mnorononnsanajyhnx n ysajamno ypannorexennx neecxnx
c]epa c nnxonnm cnojcrnnma - snanem opa n sna, crora mro opo nnje camo no
cen y npnpon ror snana, eeh v /epe+euumu+ onpeoe+ueanu+a/ nycxnu
nauepaua, sajeno c xojnma ce n snane npnxnana na crpany xoja ce xenn. Hpema rom
yspoxy nasnao nx sajeno n opo n sno cnnxoncrnma (nannxama) n naapenocrnma y
mnorojesnunnm napeujnma, cnny xpacnopeunnocrn, snane ncropnje, mnorocnoxene
meroe nornuxnx nocrpojena, mnororopahena pacyhnnana pauyncxnx nayxa,
mnoronnxa mepena nernapnnx onnuja (]nrypa) ne camo pan rora mro ce cne ro
xonea y sanncnocrn o mnena n naxo mena, caopaxanajyhn ce ca nnennma yn;
neh n crora mro cy ra snana nonona sa sa ynpaxnanane omrpena ymennor oxa,
ann je nrn ynopan y nnma o crapocrn phano. /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama, Tpufaoe,
I,1,6/ Hncane o npepacnocrnma xoje nnaajy ne ne sa npannonannnm, jep je ono mro
ce nojanyje xao napanopmanno nsanancnpano n yunneno npncrynaunnm
pasymenany, onnm cpecrnnma xoja ry napanopmannocr oomahyjy (mera]opa n
aneropnja /npenoc n pyroronop xao onpnsopenocr crnapn/, ananornja /cpasmep,
camepanane/ nojmona n orahaja, cxnarana n unnennunocrn), a c pyre crpane
pasymenanem nsnopnnx ]enomena ersncrennnje ne camo a naonynanajy, neh n unne
pasronernnm y mncaonnm npenopyxama. Kaa nna xoncraronano a je crapn cner
nenonparno nsryen a nonn jom nnje xoncrnryncan, a xnnnmo no hypnmrnma n
ornarxe (mncnehn a cy onn uncra npnpoa) npornamanamo sa nemro nennxo,
necnoconn cmo a pasymemo crnapnocr n maa cmo renom y noj, mnmenem joj jom
ynex ne npnnaamo. Hpeynpehyjyhn cnnxponnnnrer je nnax nexaxo ry, na onaj nnn
onaj naunn, anajyhn cnoje cnerno na npenepernyre unnennne n rnme npyxajyhn
marepnjan sa ycnehyjyha pasmarpana xoja ra nnxe pasanpy n pasymenajy.










30
3. 3euna pacne1a nsuey ue1npn onnna

Kaxo cmo noxasann, naneenn Hnnnnjenn Cepn n Hronomejenn Cepon
janajy ce y onnm onacrnma xoje ce nanase ncrouno o Foc]opa, re ce, npema neh
cacnnm necnopnnm apxeonomxnm nanasnma o Knjena nporexe n npocrop rsn.
''Tpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje'', sa xojy je nornpheno a je cnonencxa. V roj onacrn n
Hop]nporennr y npnoj nononnnn eceror nexa cmemra Cpe, mro he pehn a neronn
nn]opmaropn snajy xaxo cpncxn Cnonenn onranajy npocrop nsmehy ncrounnx
Kapnara n nenpa, a noxasyje a ce cpncxo nme jana snarno pannje o nmena
ocrannx cnonencxnx nnemena, xao n o camor nasnna Cnonen.
Vnpano na rom npocropy 'Oran ncropnje', Xepoor, nomnne nocrojane
nnemena Knmepana n Haypa, ne ocrajyhn yxan nn sa nsnemraje o nnemeny xoje ce
nanasn ''npexo Hcrepa'' n sa xoje je ouyo a ce nasnnajy Cnrnnn. Fyyhn a cy ono
noann saenexenn y nerom nexy npe name epe, rpea nx nanecrn. On xaxe: ''Jennn
sa xoje cam no y crany a osnam a cranyjy npexo Hcrepa (ynana) jecy yn
xojnma je nme Cnrnnn, a xojn ce oenajy xao Mehann. Konn ncrnx, naxann cy no
nenom reny n o ner npcrnjy yrauxe naxe, mann nax n rynornann (ooso nsnnnyre
nymxe) n ne mory a noce uonexa, ox cy ynpernyrn y xona psn, na nx crora onn
xojn nx xopncre n ynpexy y xona. Bnxonn npocropn (seme) nporexy ce cne o
Enera na Japany. Kasyjy a cy nanycrnnn Menjy, a xaxo cy nanycrnnn Menjy, ja ne
mory a ojacnnm, jep n cne ro morno a nacrane y yrom npemencxom pasoy.
Cnrnnnma nasnnajy Hnrnjnn xojn cranyjy nsna Macannje rpronnnma, a Knnpann
xonnma''.
Cranonnnnn ''nsna ynana'', axne, npema onom Xepooronom nsnemrajy, sa
xoje sna a nm ce sema nporexe o pyrnx nporocnonena (B)Enera na Japany,
npema ne moxe a ojacnn xaxo ro a cy ce ocennnn ns npeasnjcxe Menje, sony ce
Cnrnnn nnn Cnrynn. Kaxo ce ry pan n o napounroj npcrn xparxor nonauxor xona,
canpemenn ]nnonosn yrnannom ce cnaxy a je ro peu npncrnrna y rpuxn peunnx ca
cenepa. Hnn n Cxor nanoe nspas sa ro xone o, unjn je mop]onomxn
apxernn cnm-no/po oaxne nornue cnmyna n xncreporeno cnrnna, y snaueny
noceonana nese n nonesanocrn (npema Tpayrmanonom peunnxy). Crapoanxancxn
ernnx Cnrynoc nonesan je ca craponnnpcxnm cnyna (npcra xona) n ernmonomxn, a
raxo n anrponoreorpa]cxn crojn y nesn ca nnemenom Knmepa nnn Knmepana xojn ce
cnomnny y anrnuxoj Tpnnocxoj nnnnnnsannjn n onem Hoynany, xao napo
uynen ca cnojom meranyprnjom, xao n rexcrnnnom nnycrpnjom.
Fes osnpa a nn ce cmarpa a ona nmena npnnaajy nnnpcxom nnn rpauxo-
]pnrnjcxom peunnxy, yyhn a cy o rome mnmena noeena, a npnrom a nncy
onojena o Xepooronnx Cnrnna, ynyhyjy na cenepnn Fanxan n Hoynane. Vsme nn
ce y osnp a nme ernnxa snaun n opyxje (xao repmancxn upannn n Caxcn (o franca
''Wurfspeiss'', sachsa ''nox, xparxn mau'' Cxnra (scutica ''nu'') o Xepoora nnrnpann
Knnpann ca nasnnom cnrynn sa xone, nesyjy nme napoa ys arpnyrnnne ]apnxare
xoje nponsnoe. Ca cranonnmra naneonnnrnncrnuxnx nesa cacnnm je npnxnarnno
mnmene a cy onn Xepooronn Cnrnnn y pymrny ca Xomeponnm noynancxnm
''Anxama'' (Henacnnnnnnma) nnn Ecxnnonnm Ianjnma, re rpauxnm nnemenom
''Canan'', xoje je npnn spyxno J. Posnaoncxn ca nmenom xapnarcxo-noynancxnx
31
Knmepana, Knmepa nnn Cnmepa, Cnnna n Cnrnna''.
21
3nauene ror nmena je neoma
mnpoxo, o ''cyce'' n ''cnpexnnx, cynesnnx'' o ''canesnnx, cponnx'', na ce ono jana
n nan najcrapnjer pernona onranana Cnmepa-Knmepa n xapnarcxo-noynancxnx
Knmepana (rononnm Cep(n)na na recancxoj Fncrpnnn n Iopocepa, xao n
Cepnoxopnja xo nnsanrnjcxe Hnce, oxymenronann y VII nexy n.e., re rononnm
Cep]nue xao rypxo]opmanc y Tecannjn (Herap Cxox) n Cepnna nnn Cepnne y
xpajennma nsmehy nenpa n ceneponcrounnx Kapnara onranajy cpncxn Cnonenn
xoje y ecerom nexy nanonma nepn]nxyje K. Hop]nporennr, ann n es ror
cneouancrna nocroje nornpe y rnnonornjn nmenonana sa nnxono onranane y
nexaamnoj onacrn Tpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje. Bennxn nayunnx Hyop Hnepne y
cnom eny ''Cnonancxe crapoxnrnocrn'' (Hpar, 1906., I, 1741), ynosopno je a napo
xojn Xepoor nmenyje xao Heypn nocn cymrnncxa oenexja cnonencxor ernnxa, xao
mro je ro pannje Ba]apnx xoncraronao sa Fynne. Xepoor nsnemrana (IV, 105): ''A
Heypn nmajy cxnrcxe onuaje. 3a npeme jenor noxonena npe apnja mopann cy a
nanycre cnojy semy sor smnja. Mnore cy ce smnje nojannnane ns nnxone seme, a
jom nnme nx je ynaano cnoa, ns nycrnne, ox nncy nnn npncnenn a nanycre
semy n a ce nacene mehy Fynne.
Hsrnea a cy cnn onn yn uaponann, jep Cxnrn, na n Xenenn nacranenn y
Cxnrnjn, npnuajy a ce cnaxn Heyp jenanyr ronmne npernapa nexonnxo ana y
nyxa, a sarnm nonono onja cnoj npnonrnn onnx. Mene nncy mornn y ro a ynepe,
ann onn ynopno rnpe a je ro ncrnna, na ce uax n saxnnny.'' Kaxo je nme 'Fynnn'
ounrneno cnonencxn anenarnn o 'nrn yan', n xaxo Ba]apnx xaxe, npnnaajy
nnncxom (cpncxom) nmeny, nosnnajyhn ce na Xepooron nsnemraj o nennxom
nnemeny neoma nnannx ounjy n pnhe xoce, re a rpae xyhe n xpamone o pnera (Xp.
IV, 108), xao n a cy crapoceeonn crouapn xojn ce xpane xneom n ane nprnapcrnom
(Xp. IV, 109). axne, nosnnajyhn ce na one nsnemraje o cnernoj xomnnexcnjn n
xcnnorerxonnnn xojy nparn rocroynnocr n onymrane npnomnnnama a cnane
ora nonnca, Ba]apnx cmarpa a cy onn, ncro xao n Haypn poapn, cnonencxn
xnna.
H Hronomej y cnojoj Ieorpa]njn (I, III, c. 5) nsnocn: Oner, nsmehy Heyxnna n
Facrpana Kapnnjana, nsna xojnx cy Iennn, xnne Foenn (Fonnn)
(i o ui i r o, ur \ i,
i g). Bnx cnomnne n Homnonnje Mena y xonrexcry a Fynnn n Ienonnn
nacranyjy pnene rpaone, n Hnnnnje (Nat. hist. IV, 12, 8) A Taphris per
contineutem introrsus tenent Auchretae apud. quos Hypanis oritur: Neuri apud quos
Borysthenes, Geloni, Thussagetae, Budini, Basilidae et caeruleo capillo Agathyrsi. (O
Ta]pnca ce ae nporexy nacnanajyhn ce na Ayxere n nounny (pacry): Heypn, xojn

21
Kaxo nocrojn onryxa sa canpemeny 'xpahy' na pauyn crapnx Tpauana n Hnnpa, naa omax
cxpenyrn naxny na ro xaxo ro nncy nsnopna ernnuxa nmena, nero snpnn nasnnn sa rpyne yn arn
na ocnony nmenonannx pnmcxnx nponnnnja xao reorpa]cxa nmena sa cnanaxene y
anrponoreorpa]cxnm onncnnannma. Crapn jepmencxn xponorpa] Mojcnje Xopencxn y panom nerom
nexy name epe ncrnue: Tpaxnja je ncrouno o anmannje, neanexo o Capmarnje, n cacrojn ce o ner
mannx n jene nennxe onacrn, y xojoj xnnn ceam cnonencxnx nnemena (in quae septem genera
Slavorum habitant)- npema npenoy na narnncxn Kasnmnpa Bynna. V xacnnjem rexcry noranxo he
nrn nsnoxena aprymenrannja sa namepny cnonencxy enomnnannjy y rnm onacrnma n saonnaxene
unnennne ersncrennnje Cnonena na rom npocropy, xoja n nnaue mopana a ye nnme nero ynanna.
32
cy xo Fopncrena (nenpa), Ienonn, Tycarern, Fynnn, Facnnne n nnannuacre xoce
Ararnpcn).
One rpuxe, ernnarcxe n pnmcxe nsnemraje onynana n nam 'semax' xojn je
onranao xo Cpemcxe Mnrponnne re my je nno nojno cpenmre, Amnjan
Mapnennn, ca nsnonma xojn nornphyjy Xepoorone nsnemraje, anocrpo]npajyhn n
Heype n Fynne, sa xoje o Xepoora casnajemo a xnne xao cycen Cxnra; maa je
nonpnnnuna spxa oxo cxnrcxor ernnxa xojn n camn nonexa mory a yy
enomnnonann Cnonenn: Jena o cxnrcxnx pexa je, axne, Hcrep, (ynan), a pyra
je Tnpac (necrap); n on nsnnpe na cenepy, ns jenor nennxor jesepa xoje ce nanasn na
rpannnn nsmehy Cxnra y Heypa. Ha neronom ymhy nacennnn cy ce Xenenn, raxosnann
Tnpenann. (Xp. Hcm. IV, 5). On nam, nanme, nanon n snauajne noarxe nesane sa
nonpnnnuno nejacny onomacnonomxy crparnrpa]njy nmena Capmara. 3a nopyuje o
oner Hoynana o oana Hpnor mopa (Meornje o Hpononrna), on xaxe: Circa
haec ultima extimaque plures habitant gentes, sermonum institutorumque varietate
dispariles, Jaxamatae et Meotae, et Jazyges Roxolanique, et Alani et Melanchlaenae, et
cum Gelonis Agatyrsi, aliique ultra latentes, quod sunt omnium penitissim. (Ammianus
Marcelinnus, Res gestae, XXII, 8) Ceneponcrounn Capmarn cy no nnemennma, axne -
Fynnn, Cpn, Bann, Hnnmenn, Macennann, Hncroonn, Xoarpe n r., ca nennxom
moryhnomhy sa cnonencxy naponocr naceeny na semn Meornjn nsmehy Fopncrena
n Tananca. Crpaon nanon nnemena Jasnra n Xamaxconana, a Homnonnje Mena nx
nnn na cenepnom n ncrounom npeeny Kapnarcxor xorna (o Kapnara o ynana n
Honra) Sarmatia intus quam ad mare latior, ab iis, quae sequuntur, Vistula amne
discreta, qua retro abit usque ad Istrum flumen immittitur (Mela, III, 4). Jasnrn n
Poxconann (neponarno cpncxn auann n Hoann) xao cycen Anana pacnpocrnpy ce
o cpener Hoynana o Ene xao xacnnjn ncrouno-nocxn Cypne n Cpen Kpaa
An]pea (871-901 r.)
22
xoje sone n Capmenre, Capmare, a Xamaxconjn nnn y pyrnm
pyxonncnma (Komnnuxn nnanxa Canomon y cnom ernmonomxom peunnxy) -
Maxconjn nnn Macejn, xojn nsrnea a cy noronn a cy Masonjenn, rj. nmuesno
nneme Masypa na repnropnjn anamne Hocxe.
Ba]apnx ony nonpnnnuno sampmeny cnryannjy oxo nmenonana noxymana a
pasjacnn n cacnnm ynepnno paspemn na cneehn naunn : Dann wrde Sarmatia
altslowenisch Srbadija, Srmadija, gerade wie noch heutzutage die Lnder umadija in
Serbien, Prowadija in Bulgarien u. a. von uma, prowad u. a. lauten und identisch mit
Zeriuani seyn... Dennoch glaube ich, dass die Endung - atai in Sarmatea bloss ein
griechisches Anhngsel ist, um das barbarische Srb wollends zu hellenisiren; denn die
Ausgnge - atai, -itai, - wtai, waren Lieblingsformen der Griechen bei Vlkernamen.
Demmnach verdankten die Formen Seuromat, Sarmat, statt, Cp, Cpa, Cpnn
(Cpar?) ursprnglich den griechischen Pflan astdten an Pontus ihre Entstehung
(Schaffarik, P. J., ber die Abkunf der Slaven..., Ofen, 1828, c. 104)
Capmarn y cnaxom cnyuajy nncy Iepmann, jep nx non Kacnje cnomnne
sajeno ca Iepmannma n Iernma, a nnxona cnnonnmna nsjenauanana ca Jasnrnma n
norxapnarcxnm Iernma, y axnjn je neoma xapaxrepncrnuna xaa ce nmenyjy Tpnann

22
Ceneponcrouno o mopa nocroje anemnnnepn n ncrouno o anemnnnepa Xopnrn, a cenepno o
anemnnnepa Copn...Fonxonmepn cy nmann cnojy nomopcxy nojcxy, a Cnen cy na cenepy; ncrouno cy
nnn Capmarn, re jyxno Copn (Schriften der skandinavischen Gesellschaft, 1815, Dahlmann, s. 75)

33
nnn Kpnnnhn xao pnmcxn Hnnpn (*Tpnann n sancra mornn a yy ano]oncxn
Cpan, a *Kpnnnhn je ounrnean omopoauxn nasnn xojn je najxapaxrepncrnunnjn
sa crapocnonencxn xnna).
Heypn n Fynnn cy ounrneno npannoenponcxa nnemena cnerne xomnnexcnje
n pnhe xoce xapaxrepncrnune sa Cnonene, pooreue nemre ca nnonnnm narenrnma n
ymemnn parapn xojn ce xpane xneom n raje nprone. Fyyhn a cy nosnanaonn rpana
(cmne n pynonncr xao xynrno ne n rononnmn mncrnuxe reorpa]nje), n a nx
npema Xepooronnm nanonma nje rnac o neneponarnoj ycnemnocrn y nonmennm
ymehnma npernapana y nyxone, onjamo jom jean xyuan noarax,
xapaxrepncrnuan sa marnjcxo-pennrnjcxe reo]opnjasyce crape cpncxe pennrnje, xaxo
je raxne ]enomene onnuno onncao nam rennjannn Becennn uajxanonnh. Cnaxaxo,
ocnonnn nmnync nanasnmo neh xo Ba]apnxa: Andere mchten darin eine
bersetzung des Names Wlci suchen - ein machtiges Volk von ausserordentlicher
Leibesstrke, auch Ljutici genannt, dessen erste Kunde schon in den Wolfs-menschen
Neuren bei Herodot und in Andenken in den Sagen der Wolyner-mir aber ist
wahrscheinlich, dass hier der Stamm der Ljubiner, Ljubicen (spter Leubusii in
Deutschland) gemeint sey. (Schaff., ber die Abk. der Sl., c. 99) Hapo Heyponana
xnneo je y cycecrny napoa nosnaror ca cnoje pasnnjene meranypmxe n rexcrnnne
nnycrpnje -Knmepana, nopexnom ca rpyna Fanxana, ca Hoynana n cycennx
onacrn, a ne nexnx npocropa anamnnx Hpanana nnn Hnyca, xaxo cy uecro
npecrannnnn rsn. 'nopnjcxe mxone' onennnann, sapa 'splendid isolation'
nanrepmancxnx namernnocrn mnmena cnnma pyrnma (Kpeumep, unx, Hep-
Cnnannncxn). Te Knmepane xao n Heype Mnnan Fynmnp je nenrn]nxonao xao
cpncxe Cnonene (nnn: Questio de Neuris Cimmeriisque), nmajyhn y nny one oconne
xoje xo rope naneennx pennnx ncropnuapa onn ncnoanajy, onoehn nx y
nenocpeny nesy ca Cnrnnnma nnn noynancxnm Cnmonnma, Cemepnma n Cpnma
no naneonnnrnncrnuxnm saxonnrocrnma nmenonana n neponarnohn npenoca
nexcemcxnx mnnnmyma. Anrponoreorpa]cxy cnryannjy aje onaj nano ns
Hnnnnjenor Hosuaeana npupooe: A ae je sa nnx, ronopn nn ce o cnonoj Enponn,
npoxone nnannne Pn]eja cne o mnornx oana Oxeana oxne onnpe Iaec
xasnnano. Mnora ocrpna esnmena rom ce mecry npnajy. Hs raxnnx npe Cxnrnje, xojy
nasnnajy Fanonom, jean xaxy a nsnajajy nyr, y xojem je sancra nsnna enexrpnuna
pexa, xaxo nsnocn Tnmaj. Ta perxa nojana nnax nnje nornphena. Oxean: sony ra
Amanxnje Xexarejcxn ns Haponamnca, mro Cxnrnjy enexe, a nme jesnxa nennx
nnemena osnauanajy rnpnm. unnemon Monnmapyca ra nasnna npema Knmpnma, ro
jecr mopem mprnnx, nere ncnpe Pyeaca, jom ae o Kponna.
Kceno]on Hamncaxencxn xpaj oana cxnrcxnx npenocn a xopmnnapehn oxo
ocrpna nma nensmepno Fanrnxa, a re nx nmenyje Hnrejcxnm Bacnnejnma. Fnhe a cy n
onn y unjnm nrnunjnm jajnma n nrnuapcrny oxpyxenn xnne, xojn cy ca ynma
jenaxnm cronannma pohenn Xnnononma nasnann; na nannxyjy uaneconom cojy mro
ronnx rena cnaxnnm cy onojnma omorann. Bro ce ror rnue, jacnnjn je rnac o
nnemeny Hnrenona, xoje npnonrno eme y Iepmannjn. Hnannna Cneno nnma je
nenpncrynauna, xao n mann oponnn Pn]eja, mro npnnaa Knmpnma, mro cy ry
pacnpocrprn a sony nx Koannma n ncnynanajy ocrpna xoja cy najnenma
Cxannnannja, nonajnnme nencnnrana, y najnehem eny mro je nosnar, a re ce
nanasn napo Xnnenona, mro cnoje rpaone n seme pyraunje sony. Mane nosnara
34
nnje nn Ennnrnja. Tn cy onranann xo Bncryne pexe y Capmarnjn c Benernma,
Cxnpnma, Xnpnma no npnun. Cnnyc Knnnepnyc xasnname, a cy n xo npara nnxonor
ocrpna Harpnna; a samano a yhy y nopyuje Harnyma napanor re cy Knmpn.
Bpxonn Knmepa crpme na yrnm nonyocrpnnma na mopy, na nx y crnapn sony
Kaprpnma nr....Hcro mecro Foc]op, ncro ys Asnjy xao n Enpony, cannja ce na
Meornn. Hosan ynasa y Foc]op npno je Xepmonaca, sarnm Kenn Mnnecnjcxn, npara
Crparoxnnja n uanaropcxa, n rorono nycrnna Anarypa jenosnauno xo npara
Knmepana, sa xoje ce xaxe a cy o Kepepa. To mehy Meohannma, pynom y Enponn je
nasnano...Fnnsy Knmepana cranyjy Meornnn, Bann, Cpn, Apexn, 3nnrn, Hcecn,
sarnm Tanann pexa, onnaxyjyhn mecro n yrnuyhn y mope, re rexe Capmarn, Men
axo cmepajy nomnaxy, a rn cy y mnore poone noeenn n r. . Ha ocnony onor
uecro cnomnnanor Hnnnnjenor nanoa, nnn ce xonnxa je mnoxnna nn]opmaropa
yrnnana na ]opmnpane npecrana o opehennm nmennma n pacnopenma ernnxa.
Kaa ce, mehyrnm, xaxe a cy Haypn n Fynnn, xao n Knmepann-Cnmepann-
Cemepann, cpncxo-cnonencxa nnemena, xenn ce npe cnera ro, a ce yxaxe na
unnennny xaxo ce neonopno cnonencxn nasnn sa ernnx, xojn ce o an anac jom raxo
sone Cpn cnomnne y rnm onacrnma n xo Hnnnnja n xo Hronomeja. Cacnnm je
moryhe rnpnrn a nexonnxo xnaa ronna crape epe crapn Cpn nemajy nnxaxne
nese ca xacnnjnm napoom Cpa xaa cy ce cnoncncxa nnemena ernnuxn
ncnpo]nnncana n onna cnoja nocena nmena, ann je neocnopno a je nme ocrano
ncro, xao n ro a nocroje ocxynn n mpmann rparonn o nnxonoj nesn. Cpn ce nanase
xacnnje naceenn n ys pexy Hay, r sn. Honancxn Cpn, xao n na ceneposanannm
enponcxnm npocropnma xao Hyxnuxn Cpn, a a sancra rorono a nemajy nnxaxne
jesnuxe n onuajne nese ca jyxnocnonencxnm Cpnma, cem y nasnaxama n anexnm
nocehannma. Anonnmnn Fanapcxn reorpa] y cnncy Descriptio civitatum et regionum
ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii ['Onnc rpaona n onacrn na cenepnoj oann
ynana'], nanomnne nnxono mnene a Zeriuani, quod tantum est regnum, ut ex eo
cunctae gentes Sclavorum exortae sint et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant - o Cpa
nornuy cnn Cnonenn n a je 'nnxono xpaencrno' orpomno, npema pasmepama
pacnpocrpanenocrn ror nmena. V ony najneponarnnje nsnopnnjy napnjanry rymauena,
xaxo je ro onnuno noxasao Ba]apnx, yneo je nsnecran pacrep ca cnojnm
neoymnnama Oner Hnxonajennu Tpyauon. Fyyhn a one nomaxy y pacneranay
cnryannje, naa nx nanecrn: Hnepne, ne nepyjyhn y Hoynancxy npaomonnny
Cnonena, noxannsyje 3epnyann y Hpnxapnarje, ca unme mn caa ne moxemo a ce
cnoxnmo. Hanpornn, nac npnnnaun mnene C. 3axpmencxor, xoje opaha naxny na ro
a caonmrene o 3epnyann saysnma noceno mecro y nesn c unme cy n uemxn nsanaun
oxymenra cacnnm naxnno pe]epncann ry nosnnnjy: S. Zakrenjski hleda Zeriuani
pri Dunaji. Uvadi, e v oblasti pri hranicich pozdejich Uher, Srbska s Bulharska leelo
teritorium zname v uherskych dokumentech jako terra Zeurini (vel Banatus Szoreny, albo
terra regalis Severinensis). V drivejich dobach... mohlo mit toto teritorium rozsahleji
hranice. Na jeho uzemi podle Zakrzenjskeho mohlo byt centralni uzemi Slovanu... (28,
c. 39).
V cnaxom cnyuajy, npenasehn na jesnx nnnrnncrnxe n nnnrnncrnuxe
reorpa]nje, sa nac je jacno, a nasnn Zeuirani, nsa xor necymnno crojn
(npa)cnonencxo *cenep'ane, -opnjenrannonn nasnn, ono ne snyun npnpono camo y
ycrnma camnx cenepnaxa, nero n y ycrnma rnx, xojn ce o nnx oceanajy,
35
yyyjyhn ce, pehn hemo, npema jyry *npncernmo ce nerarnnnor npnnnnna
rononnmnxe B. A. Hnxonona). C rnme mro ce onacr xojy cy saysnmann noynancxn
cnonencxn *cenep'jane, omax noxnana ca pymyncxnm Fanarom na nenoj oann
cpener ynana, ona npecrana jean o naxnnx nenrapa cnonencxnx mnrpannja c
ynana, xojn je nponeo nme cenepjan anexo mnpe, sajeno ca mnpehnm ce
cnonencrnom. Cneouancrno o cpeneynancxnm cenepjannma, xao mnnnmym o
rpncra ronna nperxoehn onome, mro je nanncano xo neronncna Hecropa, remxo je
npenonarn, n ne ronopehn o rome a cy nama oanemrena o cpeneynancxoj
cnonencxoj ernonnmnjn neoma ocxyna. (Oner Hnxonajennu Tpyauon, Slavica
danubiana continuata, Feorpa, 1996., c. 27-28) Tpyauon ro nanpocro cmarpa
nasnnom nponsnono yserom npema crpann cnera, maa cam ncxas ronopn o ernnxy
xojn je sacnrypno mopao a nma n cnoje nnacrnro nme nope ysrpennx
enomnnarnnnnx ]opmn xojnma cy ra oncxpnnann pyrn, xaxo je ro ecxpajno
nynnno saxyuno Ba]apnx. On nanon jom jenno Jopanecono mnmene a Hi
paludes silvasque pro civitatibus habent (nmajy narna pneha ymecro rpaona) n
oarne nsnnaun ananornjy sa 'Fnarnn rpa' Fanaron y Hanonnjn, a n cne oneo y
nesy, nn mane nn nnme, nero ca Typn Cenepnnom y anamnoj Pymynnjn.
Anrponoreorpa]cxn raxna ananornja cannm je onpanana, ann ocrajy pannje npnmee
xoje on onxopaunnannma nsocrana xao ouennne npenne, a sa xoje hemo mn a ce
norpynmo a nam ne nsmaxny, nnn ce nax yrone y nexo panno peane noaraxa.
Hajnpeue ncnnrnnane nhe ycpecpeheno na yunnax ounrnenocrn ocnonnor
nnrana, a ro je nnrane crapocpncxe nocrojnne y Hoynany, na Fanxany n y
3axapnarjy, npema npnnm nncannm nsnopnma y xojnma cc cnomnne cpncxo nme. Vs
Xepoorone onnce, n onaj xojn cmo npnnoxnnn ns Hnnnnja, xasyje o nncxocrn n
npennerenocrn mnornx napoa xojn cy na rnm npocropnma onranann, ncrnuyhn xo
pexe Bncryne Benere, Cxnpe n Xnpe y Capmarnjn, xao n Knmpe xoje sony Kaprpnma
n meohancxnm Knmepannma. Cpn n Knmepann cranyjy y nncxom cycecrny ca
3nnrnma, Hcecnma n Capmarnma, mro cne noceha na cnonencxn ernnx n y
enomnnonannm onnnnma npnxasyje 3axapnarje xao naxny cnonencxy nocrojnny.
Bro ce cnonencxor n cpncxor npncycrna na Fanxany rnue, ry crnapn nncy cacnnm
jacne. Kaxo nac jom Hpoxonnje Hesapnjcxn ns VI nexa, xao n Teo]nn Cnmoxara ns VII
nsnemranajy o naceenocrn Cnonena y Hoynany, xao nomoh Anapnma y
npenaxeny npexo ynana rpahenem uamana.
Onnm noannma noceny je naxy nocnerno Hyop Hnepne, ynopehyjyhn nx
ca cnnunnm noannma xo Xepoora (Hcm. IV, 51), y xome je ronorpa]nja neoma
npennsna. Cnonenn cranyjy sanano o nenpa (Fopncrena), yx pexe Fyr
(Xncnanec), npema onem necrpy (Tnpac), cne o nennxor jesepa xoje je Kacnnjcxo
mope, xoje nx onaja o Cxnra-opaua. On npernocrana a je ro nonoxaj y xojn cy
cranenn uynenom cxnrcxom najesom y cemom nexy npe name epe, a xoja nx je
yrposnna na npeennma n ae o noxanxacxnx naceonna, npnmopanajyhn nx a ce
nonnaue npema 3anay nennxom psnnom. To, mehyrnm, ne naa cxnarnrn xao nexn
remenn noxperau (mro Hnepne nexaxo nsrnea xenn), xojn cpncxe Cnonene ana
na rne Fanxana, nero xao jom jeny npnnyny mnrpannjy mehy mnornma, ycne
noropmanana ycnona xnnora n nseranana cyponocrn parnnx ocnajana. Xepooron
nsnemraj o ceon ycne maconne nojane smnja, ronopno n o jom jenoj raxnoj ceon
mehy cannemennxe Fynne, a jom n anac ynorpeana ce nme uaponaxa cnnonnmno
36
sa nonxonap nnn nonmennx (o nononnma ''nyx''), mro yxasyje na rnnnune
cpncxocnonencxe ronoce n anenarnne.
3a pasnnxy o A. Baxmarona n J. Posnaoncxor xojn cy no yrnnajnma
nemauxe nnnrnncrnxe rpaxnnn najcrapnja cnonencxa nacea na anexom cenepy,
npema je npema xnnmarcxoj reopnjn y moepnoj naynn, cacnnm nornphenoj o
Mnnyrnna Mnnanxonnha rsn. ''nnnnja yxne'' nmna jyxnnje o crparnrpa]nje
Kannnnnrpa-Oeca (neponarno o enre ynana, na cy nsna ''onn y cenepnoj
xnnmn'' - Xnnepopejnn); xao mro cmo nsnoxnnn xo Hnepnea, ca unme ce cnaxe n
M. Pocronnen, y nonrcxo-xapnarcxnm Heypnma nne ce najcrapnjn Cnonenn y
onacrn rsn. Tpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje, a npema pasasnarnm enomnnannjama n
Crapocpn. 3anaxyhn ce sa onaj aprymenr xojn je ocneno cnponeo y cnojoj crynjn
Hpoo.e+ ovree u npomoc.oeeucre oo+oeuue (Pa. JA3V, xn. 282, 5; 3arpe, 1951),
Mnnan Fynmnp ce nosnna na aronane apxeonora H. Fom-Inmnepa (Etudes
Celtiques, 1950 - 51, 365), xojn nexe nyxnuxy onacr ca rpnnocxom y ynny XII
nexa crape epe, xao n na cnannor acnponora, xojn je emn]ponao xnnnonnc, F.
Xposnor, xojn nonnxpomny xepamnxy ns rpnnocxe onacrn ns pyror mnnennjyma n.
n. e., nesyje ca npocropom 3axanxasja. Ty my je o nomohn ynpano onaj era xojn cmo
ncraxnn: 3a cnonencxn xapaxrep Xepooronnx Heypa, nesannx ynpano sa ry
rpnnocxy nnnnnnsannjy, ronopno n jom jean era xojn nam caonmrana Xepoor.
To je npnua o Heypnma xojn ce cnaxe ronne sa nexonnxo ana npernapajy y
nyxone n xoje crora nnxonn cxnrcxn n rpuxn cycen cmarpajy uaponannma (Xp. IV,
105). Besa nsmehy nyxa n narnpnponnx cnna nosnara je napounro cenepnnm n
anxancxnm Hnoenponannma (n. Schrader-Nehring, Reallexikon II, 667). Crora
nmamo onono pasnora a y cnonencxoj nexcnuxoj rpynn nonxnn (o crapnjer *ulqu-
su-), nonxonannje, npenosnamo xopencxy nmennny ca snauenem 'po', re n ona
nnornorcxa cnoxennna snaunna yxnanno 'nyunjn po'. unnn nam ce a y rom npanny
rpea rpaxnrn nopexno npnua xoje cy Xepoory ncnpnuann rpuxn xononncrn y
rpnnocxoj onacrn. Bpaunnama n npopouancrnnma ane ce n xnmepncxn xononncrn
y Kamnannjn, nnaue nosnarn xao nemrn pyapn, xojn cy, nno npexo Fanxana, nno
ynancxnm nyrem, ocnenn na Anennncxo Honyocrno (M. Fynmnp, Quaestio de
Neuris Cimmeriisque, Fr., CAH, 1954, c. 37).
Hope onor nexcnxonomxor npanna, nocrojn n ]onxnopnn opasan na xojn je
ynosopno Becennn uajxanonnh (Mum u pe.ueufa v Cpoa, Fr., CK3 1973),
nocmarpajyhn nyxa xao roremcxy crapocpncxy xnnornny, nnn xao oxancxn
cnmynaxpym xynra npeaxa, re repnomop]ny reonornjy crapor cpncxor
npecranana oxancxnx enn]annja. Cnaxaxo, n necnnx saojen rnpcencxnm nnn
oxnacnunnm pacencxnm npnuama, Beprnnnje, xome je uajxanonnh nocnerno nyny
ncrpaxnnauxy naxny, nena y cnojoj ocmoj nacrnpcxoj necmn:

''One mn uapone rpane y Honry capane Mepnc
ao je cam. - y Honry mnoxnna nx ronema pacre.
uecro Mepnca nnjex, rje xpnje ce no mymn onoj
Hpernopen y nyxa rpanom, rje yme nx rpoona sone
H xnro nocnjano na noa npenon pyra.
(Virgilius, Publius Maro, Bucolica VII, 94, T. Mapernh)

37
Kao uonex nsyserne ocernnocrn na crapnncxa npeana, Bacxo Hona je ony
neprnnnjancxy repnomop]ny npernapauxy moh nsyserno nponnxao nenajyhn:
Honrnn xamen ca cnor cpna / Xpomn nyue / H noxaxn mn xaxo npernapam / Kamen y
cynnonocnn onax / H xaxo onax y jenena snaropora / H axo re ro ne samapa noxaxn
mn / Kaxo npernapam jenena y enn ocnax / H xaxo ocnax y mecroxpnny nacry /
H noxaxn mn axo ce jom ceham / Kaxo npernapam nacry y xap-smnjy / H xaxo smnjy y
anem xamen / Honrnn xamen ca cnora cpna / H na moje ra nonoxn Xpomn nyue
(Hona, B., Hec+e, Feorpa, 1988., crp. 158-159) On ra monn a ce ooponon n
onycrn a my npnhe, a my onpne 'snesy na ueny n xamen na cpny' n noyn
'paneny oxancxy many nacnoneny na onax', re a ra ne sacrpamyje cnojnm 'cnernm
senanem', naaxnyjyhn ra ornem ns ueycrn xoje he omoryhnrn a nponena
npamarepnnm jesnxom y nerono nme. Monn ra n a my ncnnme neecxe npre n pese
xanuom na ueny, ne n nn cracao y rymaua hyrana Xpomor ae, Xpomor nyxa,
npocrpr npe nnm nsmehy 'xnnona ynaxaxennx n sanaennx n npeoenennx y naro',
nacranajyhn my cnoje npecranane xao nexy nnny cneronny nnryprnjy: Hao cam
nsmehy nnx / Hnnem y rnoje cnere xonpnne / H sajeno ca nnma ropnm / Hyna cy mn
ycra / Bnxonor pnenor meca / H snarnnx opna / Hpocrpo cam ce npe room / aj mn
pexanem snax a ce nrnem / Xpomn nyue. (ucmo, crp. 156) H oarne nponcrnue
camo necnnxy yocrojeno nnhene: Bnnm cnne semy namy pacnery / Hsmehy
uernpn onnna / Ha xojnma nyx sye omrpn / Byx ce na ny nanocn / H ornea
yrnro / V senennm nennm ounma / Hcxpe ca onnna / Crnapajy my snaroxpyr sa
snaroxpyrom / Oxo nene rnane / uernpn he onnna snarn cnne / Omrpn nn nyx sye sa
ny pacnery / Hnn sa one xojn cy je pacnen (ucmo, crp. 173).























38
4. Xepueney1nxa `Ycnpanne seune` n nen apean

Tnopan je crnapanauxom Peun caunnno nopeax xao ypehen cner, y xome
rnopennna nasa nocn Beron neuar n snaxone npncycrna. Jom o apxajcxnx npemena
pennrnosna cnecr n mamancxn saxrenn, nopasymenann cy onnaanana cnenn]nunnm
snannma xoja mn caa yonuajanamo a nasnnamo yxonnnm. Taxo nam ce, xa ro
mano nnme oparnmo naxny na apre]axre oxnacnunnx xynrypa, noxasyjy rparonn
npncycrna Fora y ycxoj cnecrn, nspaxanann na mnoronpcne naunne. Kaa ona
ocnena n o enexena nnneapnnm nncmom cnojnx cranonnmra, xao na npnmep na
npmenxy ns Barnna ca cranom Xnnor je yan, raa xpnmhancxo yuene ca
npernocranxom a je For crnopno uonexa na cnoj nnx n noonje, moxemo a ysnmamo
ca anexo nnme pasnoxnor ynepena, neronn a raxnnx noaraxa o nncnnn
ysnrnyrocrn ycxe cnecrn nema. eno Becennna uajxanonnha sa nac je y onom
norney nnmecrpyxo snauajno. On je npe cnera yrnpno a cy crapn Cpn nmann
pennrnosne xynrone xojn cexy y yoxy ramy ncropnje, xao n ro a cy nmann cnor
npxonnor ora no nmeny aor. aor je no conapno oxancrno o xora ce omno
pasmarpanem opehene ]nnoco]nje pennrnje n onuajnocrn, cauynane jom ynex y
onuajnma nesannm ys Foxnh n Kpcny cnany. Oa ra onuajna npasnnxa nmajy cnojy
nosnnjy xynrny ]opmy, ann ncno xoje nexn unran neo]nnnjennn cnoj nponncannx
nonamana. Cnomennmo camo rnanne uajxanonnhene aprymenre, xao mro cy onuaj
anana opaxa y yrnone xao xronnune xpane noxojnnnnma xojn ce ymnnocrnnanajy a
yy nopmxa n npnnpxenn yxyhannma, npocrnpane cena ncno co]pe na xojoj ce
jee ca ocrananem npasnor mecra sa 'nesnanor rocra', xnnnane npeaxa xpos ncxas
'Foxnh-ara' (mann or yapa, xyna).
Vs xynr npeaxa unja je najrnannnja onuajna mann]ecrannja Kpcna cnana,
nesana je xoncyncrnrynnja crapnx oxancxnx nmena y canpemenom oxpyxeny.
uajxanonnh je neoma ycnemno noxasao xaxo je yx opxan y onnm cnojennma
xonexrnnnor namhena, n ncxasyje ce y omahnncxnm cnanama n npocnanannma
snauajnnx momenara xnnora, xaa ce ye penne npeauxe pexe n xpos eneprnjy xoja
crpyjn xpos cpne xnnuy yx npaorana. Hpnnonecr, xaxo n rnacn ernmonomxn xo nac
npeyser rpennsam ncropnja, cnaxaxo, y npomnom nexy nenme xopnmhen xpos peu
nonecnnna, nopasymena nnacrnro nnhene n nnrepnperannjy crnapn, re raxna
nepsnja ncropnje orahana, xpos nnx snauajne nnunocrn, moxe a ce caonmrn n
xnnxennnm cpecrnnma. Ko nac, xao n xo nehnne napoa ca connjanno-exonomcxn
nepasnnjennm cranapom, jom ynex je xnnxennocr nposnor saxnara no nenenocrn
jaua, a mro je n nanonno nnrenexryanne a ce onpoajy y roj npcrn, na n xpos rorono
excrarnuan naunn npncrynana nncany. Vcnex je ry na nsnecran naunn nnao
ocnrypan, maxap no nocmarpan n xpos xomnnerno nerarnnncrnuxy npnsmy, maxap n
nsryno na penenannnjn n nnrepnperarnnnoj mepoannocrn xpos xnnxene y xaranor
ymernnuxor opahnnana capxaja. To, oner, ne n mopano nyxno a cmera, jep
npnrncax onuajnor menrannrera xojn je ]opmnpan y mnororonmnem poonany no
Typnnma, cacnnm je ]ynxnnonanan; na npnmep, xaa ce nexom o noxannnx nnn
pexnmcxnx mohnnxa nemro o nanncanor nnxaxo ne onane (moxe ce ouexnnarn n
nonn index librorum prohibitorum na nonsy ryena npenosnarnnocrn
neo]nrcxor nocrxomynncrnuxor con-omennsma, re esonno npenerano y
noxene raope), ro ona mopa a ce nonyue npe nnn xacnnje npe rnaunrecxom
39
cnnom, xojoj je mepnno nonamana npannonanna crpacr xomnnonana o
sacrpamenocrn o xocrnjy sa yyhnocr ersncrennnje n naehenocrn n nennunne
snauaja ns ncxomnnexcnpanocrn napnnconnor peneproapa. Menranne camonsonannje
n neponarno aa nenana mncnn, xoje npe rom unnennnom exe ys noxpnha y
camosaoxpyxanana moepnnjnx nornea, xpnjy nsnecran onronomxn nnxnnnsam, xojn
je ocyhen na cyouanane ca ynyrpamnom nycrnnom, yneenom o mncnn mro je
ouncrnna n neeca n semy o yxonnnx nha ca xojnma je pannje nocrojana
cnmnarnuxa xoncranra n nennxa menranna cponocr.
Vocranom, jom je anno y jenom no ]nnoco]njy necnannom cnopy, a sa
mnsoso]cxe nperensnje no napn]nnoco]cxnm onrnma nosnarom, n Cn. Ipnropnje
Hanama nncao: Bro ce rnue rora xaxo ce nemy unnn, a nac nasnna
nenpnxnarnnnm peunma nesnannne n neopasonann, es oasnpana me
nspannanajyhn ca Jynnjanom n nasnnajyhn ocrojnnm npanenor rnena, saro mro
monaxe nnmanam cnecne nayxe, xao mro je onaj ne nnmanao xpnmhane, xojn cy y
mnpy xnnenn, ro je xao xaa n nexo uynmn peun ncanmonenna Hema Fora xaxe
esymnnx (Hc. 13, 1), cmarpao neonxonnm a ror esymnnxa ynpen ca orocnonom
Apeonarnrom, xaa je ronopno o Fory, a On nnje no, nnje /ca/ n nehe nn nrn, n
cam ce noxasyjyhn najesymnnjnm esymnnxom, ne npnmehyjyhn necamepnnocr
pasnnxe, yronnxo mro cnern sna n ncnonea Fora, Kojn je nsnaa nocrojeher, a cpne
esymnnxa nn y mra nn ne crana Jeno npano nncrnyjyhe. Ero n mn ynpano raxo
snamo a je monamxa sajennna nncrno nsna ronopa nayunnx snana, yyhn a je
onaj ocrynnnx sanperno xpnmhancrny nayunnm ennma, xaxo cam nnje y crany a nx
caynnn n mncnnma oyxnarn, napehyjyhn ce cam y nnacrnrnm ounma, a mro
]nnoco] nonprana jenaxoj ocyn xao n one, xojn cy xpnmhancxo opo nrnn
nsna cnaxor ocrojancrna, ca onnma, xojn ra nnme o cnera oemuamhyjy,
cmarpajyhn npanennm a mpse ro a najnooxnnjn yy ca esoxnnma, saro mro
onn pnxnnnje ojanyjy npema Fory npnnnxanane monnrnom. Axo Iocno,
xaxe on, nnje xasnnao y Jenanhenma a ce annmo nayxom, ro on nnje nn spanno.
Ann samro je ona ronopno: Fynre mypn xao smnje n nennnn xao ronyonn? 3ap
Iocno ne pasnnxyje n ne nsanpe y cnoamnoj mypocrn xopncno n ne nocmarpa je
ca jenanheocxom nennnomhy, xao mro cmo xasnnann y npnoj peun, sa mra nac caa
ryxnm xao npecrynnnxe? Ha samro je ona pexao: ahy nam peu n npemypocr, xojoj
nnxo nehe ysmoharn a ce cynpocrann (Hx. 21, 15)? He ojanyje nn one Iocno
anexo oxancxnjy mypocr o one, xojy je nasa moryhe ononpranarn n xojy rn, nen
samrnrnnx, o nemoryher npeysnocnm? Bra cy pyro pannn onn xojn cy nonenn
Foxnjy mypocr, nero ro a cy je ocrnsann y uncrohn? Moryhe je, a cy nnonnnn no
cnery, rparajyhn, ne npeaje nn nexo xaxne nayxe, no on Jennn, Ernnhannn nnn
Xanejan, a n ce xo nera nsyunnn npnxynajyhn mnena oacny, mro nam rn n
yxnanno caneryjem y cneehnm peunma: Hnje a no nsnpmanany sanonecrn, n ne
jenno no oecrpamhenocrn, a npnnasn snane cymror n Hemoryhe je nrn cnernm,
ne npnannnmn snane cymror n ne ouncrnnmn ce o nesnana? Oner nnram, jecy nn
onn onnasnnn cxynajyhn ym nocnya no rnome canery, nnn no onom mro je
nanncano ycrpajno nnn y cnernnnmry, ynopnn y monnrnn n moneny (ena. 1, 14),
ajyhn raxnom n ysop n enarnn cnern nanpr yncrnny npenacxonor n cnecneror
monamxor xnnora? V nemy ce mn, y cxnay ca namnm sanerom, ysnxemo nsna
ocpener cnemrennuxor nnxa xnnora, onasnmo ae o cnnx noena y xnnory n
40
yopaxanana, nyrem noxnonennm jenno npanoj sanonecrn monacnma /jennnm/ a
ysnhy npema jennoj oromypocrn, xoja je nnma o cnaxe ]nnoco]nje, re ce
cnemrenoejcrneno nocnehyjemo y najcnernjoj Jennnnn. Mn ce yncrnny
npeoxpehemo y Jenno xpos cnennmne n canpmeno jennene, nemncnnno
rpnnnocrasny Jennnny y monnrnn sa nac (Jn. 17, 23) xpos nenspennno janane n
caejcrno Onor, Kojn ce pan nac nomemao ca namom nojnunomhy, rajancrneno
ocrajyhn y Cnojoj nencxasnnoj n neocnerenoj jennnunocrn caopasno Cnojoj
nacymracrnenoj neocnerenoj cnnn. /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama, C.oea v ooopauv
ceeumeuo muxvfvhux, II,1 33-34/
Paxannsam onacnnx namepa npema uonexonoj cnoon mnmena n enonana
y camoj ncropnjn ce nornpno n noxasao xaxo ro nncy nne rex onune nperne. Ona
npopouxa cnnraxca najannna je najnpne onnxe nepcxe neronepannnje
ycnocrananem nncrnrynnja macaxpa, nporona, pymena pennnx xpamona, naena
xnnra. Vs ncrnnana nncra nenoxennx mro je snaunno nensypy n penpecnjy na
onnma xojn pyraunje mncne, ys cnojcxy nomoh nnn nax nsocrana pearonana sa
nenpnxnarnnocr o crpane pxane, onn cy yrepnnann noxopnocr nnmano
npoyxonennm n cnernrecxnm naunnnma.
Kao a cy neh ry na eny onn rorannrapnn ''anconyrnn cyjexrn'' ca xojnma je
Honep nopxao onryxe npema ]nnoco]nma sa rorannrapnocr, a xojn ysnmajy
cynny y cnoje pyxe neoxpnenn nno xaxnom cymnom y moryhy nencnpannocr
cnojnx nocrynaxa. Cnaxa nepcxa ncrnna xoja je nesanncna o ncrnne xao raxne, xoja je
npe cnera ncrnna es moryhnocrn cyenonana y nenom pasmarpany, mpauna je n
ryranna ]nocxyna nacna na ycxnm ymom n neronnm ocrojancrnom. One re
pe]nexcnja nema mr a rpaxn nema nn yma, a neronepannnja xoja cnojy namoh
ncxasyje pasapanem cnaxaxo je nornxa cnnnnmrna, na xojy je yxasao n nam nennxn
necnnx, ncxycnnmn n cam ropunny onuajnnx nenoa:

xome saxon nexn y ronysy
rparonn my cmpe neuonjemrnom
nnn:
''an' rnpjancrny crarn norom sa npar,
npnnecrn ra nosnannjy npana,
ro je ycxa yxnocr najcnernja ''
(Berom, Herap II Herponnh, Iopcxn
nnjenan)

Hocrynxom npounmhanana ynna, y xojem uynena ]nnoco]cxa meronuxa
cymna onja na snauajy, ajyhn ]enomenonomxy rexnny xapaxrepy ynna, ro non
pasnnjany jene ]enomenonornje yxa xoja he nrn nennna, mro ce cacrojn o enona
xojn ce onpmanajy y noj, nyrem concrnenor pasnoja. Hcrnuyhn xpos norennnje
onronornje cnnxe snauaj crana cnecrn nojennna, re ymeha nnhena n casnanana xao
raxnor, ro ce onma n xao naunn nacnnranana ymnocrn. unnoco]nja raxo ne pxn
npononen n cnoamnnx xynrnnx n oxynrnnx pnryana, sapa onnx nnn onnx
(yrnannom npemohanajyhnx y mohn) nnena, nero coom nocn npernocranxe
ymennor ornapana npema ncrnnn n nanymrana npepacya, nspyuyjyhn ae
ornapane moryhnocrn.
41
Mocr xojn he a nannaa cmyheny pexy saopana n naana yjnna
npnmnrnnncrnuxe saocranocrn nocranen je npaxrnunom nepom npexo amnca
nnxnnnsma, ns cnare moepnor uonexa a nocrnrne a ce mane nonnrnxanrcxnx
macxnpana y nnxone cnernuena sapa noe sa moh, re a maxap na xpajy xnnora
ocern norpey sa neunm ysnnmennjnm, mro n ona n sa yyhnocr xoja onasn
morna a snaun moryhnocr carneanana y cnernnjnm rononnma. 3a ny cnaxaxo sna
necnnuxn ]nnoco] Bacxo Hona, xaa npe unranor nnxnyca necama nasnanor ''Byunja
co'', nnme ''Vcnpanny semy'', nmajyhn y nny n ona hoponnhencxa napona npeana o
cn. Cann xao ''oxancxom nacrnpy'' (r o), nan oxnnpa ormarcxnx onnpana
ca rnnnuno necnerauxnm cpuama n naxnonenocrnma. Bnehn ra sanpano xao
nsnecran nonyoxancxn nnx nsrpahen y rnm npeannma, on cynepeno nnme:

''Heno o nera reue npeme
ecno o nera reue npeme
On xoa no cynom
V nparnn cnojnx nyxona.''

3a jom ye nponpane y nosanny onor nacneha, jeno snauajno ynyrcrno
onjamo o Mnnana Fynmnpa: ''Ann nme ora Xepmeca xo nnoenponcxnx Henacra
rnacn Imbros. Kaxo je npema Hnncony (Geschich. d. griech. Rel. I
2
, 505) ono oxancrno
npe cnera nonno pnry oxo cnrne croxe xojy je rpeano nparnrn na namn n uynarn a
ce ne pacrypa, npnpono je a raxna ]ynxnnja yunnn o nera ne camo nyrnnxa n
nocpennxa nero n y npnom pey ''canpaua''. Crouapcrno npnmnrnnnnx
nnoenponcxnx nnemena yro je cauynano npnonrnn xapaxrep raxnnx oxancrana y
Hoynany n y npocropy nsmehy Kapnara n Honra. Taxo n unramo xo Xepoora sa
Tpauane n nnxone nornanape: Orou or or3ov:oi ovou :o\oor, Apro xoi
Auovioov xoi Ap:riv oi or 3ooirr ou:v, opr :v ov
oig:rv, or3ov:oi 'Lpgv oio:o 0rv, xoi ovo\oi, o\vov :o\:ov, xoi
ryouoi yryovrvoi oo 'Lpr ru:o\ (, 7)'' [Camo one orone nomryjy Apeca,
nonnca n Apremny, ox nnxonn xpaenn, sa pasnnxy o pyrnx rpahana, nomryjy
Xepmeca najnnme o (cnnx) orona. n jenno ce y nera saxnnny, re xasyjy a cy onn
camn o Xepmeca nacrann.]
Axo je Xepoor noysano oanemren o rpauxoj rocnon n cymrnncxoj
npnpon ora Xepmeca, nocrajy pasymnnn nomenyrn rpauxn ernnnn Sapai, Abioi,
Gabioi n Kaprontai, a npe cnera ocnonnn enemenar y Xecnjnjeny epnnary Zibunthides,
xojn je y norney noxannsma najnnxn cnonencxom repmnny Sebar n nmennma
Cnnna n Cnrnna. Kaxo ce Xepmono xynrno nme Imbros, sa xoje casnajemo o
Cre]ana Bnsanrnnna, n npema neronnm ]ynxnnjama n npema nponncnma ncropncxe
]onernxe ounrneno noxnana ca nporocnon. Simbra n ca Apncro]anonnm kimbero-,
nonesnnane rnx nmena ne nannasn na nnxaxne remxohe, na ce crora n ca peanne n ca
]opmanne crpane npocro namehe.
Hnax ne rpeamo nycrnrn ns nna jom jeny moryhnocr rymauena cpncxor
nmena, xoja ne oyxnara nn npemencxn nn npocropno ronnxy onacr xao nsneceno
rymauene xoje xo ror nmena nopxana rpannnonanny nesy ca cnoxennnom paserb n
ca repmnnom sebar: Ann axo oannmo cacnnm ry nesy c rnm repmnnom, xo xojer
sarpeauxn Pnjeunnx enexn n moepny napnjanry srebar ca annnnannjom
42
cy]nxcannor enemenra, n sapxnmo camo nesy ca cnoxennnom paserb, y rom cnyuajy
ce cpncxo nme xao oenexje cnonencxe rocnoe moxe nanpocro nenrn]nxonarn ca
narnncxnm ]nronnmom sorbus, unja je onomacnonornja, sor nese ca mnancxnm sarf
Rotauge" (n. Bane-Hoxopnn II, 499) cnnuno crapopycxnm Bjarnhnma n Benernma,
nasnn sa unanone pymrnene npxymxe xoja je nmana npano na npneny ojy, xao n
crapomaxeoncxa rocnoa n oneanno Typnn n Horypnne y Focnn, re nnjean
xpnmhannn nnje cmeo nocnrn nemro npneno o rexcrnna.
Hn y rom cnyuajy ano]oncxa asa nmena Cpa ne n nna ycamena, jep ce
nornyno noxnana ca xnponnmom Sirbis, xaxo ce jom pyraunje snana rpojancxa pexa
Kanrxoc onocno Skamandros. Oa ra xnponnma yxasyjy na ojy xao
onomacnonomxn momenar. Hnax, npn onaxnom n nesnnany ocrane remxohe sor
cnoxennne paserb xoja ce npn nsnecenom rymaueny moxe, neno cmecrnrn n ojacnnrn
y sajennnn c repmnnom sebar n nmenom Srb. (M. Fynmnp, ''O cmapufu+ no+euu+a
cpncroe u+eua'', Inac CAH, ; CCXXXVI, 255, x. 4., Feorpa, 1959.)
H nope cnnx enomnnannja xoje cy cnponohene ns nanreopnjcxnx pasnora, c
osnpom na pemenocr a ce yonon opehennm crpemennma y nnaajyhnm
nenrpnma mohn, Mnnan Fynmnp je noxasao xaxo ce cmnpeno n cranoxeno moxe
nocranarn (nnrane cpncxor nmena, ne sasnnajyhn sanannocr excrpemncrnuxnx
]opmynannja. Vrnphnnane a cpncxn Cnonenn nocroje y nepnoy nnme o ecer
nexona npe name epe y 3axanxasjy n anaoncxom rny, xao n a ce nanase na
Hoynany cne o (B)Enera na sana jom ye y npomnocr, nncy nnmano
sanemapnne unnennne.























43
II

Henamxn xopen an1nuxe nnnnnnsannje n
uoryhe cpncxocnonencxe nese ca nnua


1. Kapax1epnsannja nenamxor apeana


Beh npnnnuno oorahena rpyna casnana o Cnonennma n Cpnma mehy nnma y
crapnnn, xpnje ce no jom ynex neonono nn]opmarnnno yonnuennm pesynrarnma
ncrpaxnnana o pennnm crapoceeonnma Fanxana Henasrnma nnn Henacrnma. Jom ns
npnor nexa crape epe, xo reorpa]a Crpaona (63. r. cr. e. - 19. r. cr. e.), xojn je
ymnorome cneno ncropnuapa Honnnja, moxemo a npounramo: A Henacrn xao
nexn npnonrnn napo cny je Xenay oyxnarao, najnnme mehy Eoannma xojn cy
xo Tecannje, ca cnnma ce cnaxyhn (Strabonis rerum geographicarum libri
septemdecem, Basileae, 1571, crp. 244.) Xepoor je cmarpao a je najcrapnjn napo sa
npeme Hcamernxa y Ernnry onaj ns upnrnje, npema mneny Ernnhana, ann je snao n sa
Henacre, xoje raxohe cnomnne y cnojoj ncropnjn, xao cnoje canpemennxe na
Henononesy n Xenan yonmre. Onn upnrnjnn npnnaajy Henacrnma, ayroxronnm
anxancxnm crapnnnnma, jep cy ce ca nenrpannor Fanxana npecennnn y upnrnjy y
annnnn. Jennncxa nnemena nouena cy a naceanajy jyr Fanxana najpannje XX nexa
cr. e., a ry xononnsannjy sanpmnna o ocmor n cemor nexa cr. e. Hpnnnxom
xononnsonana, na rom rny sarexnn cy crapoceeone Henacre, xojn cy raj npocrop
nacrannnann - oynex. Vronnxo mehy nnx cnaajy n cne one sajennne napoa xojn
ce nasnnajy 'nnnpcxnm' nnn 'rpauxnm'. Ceoa Henacra (jenor ena) ca nenrpannor
Fanxana y mnpe nopyuje Menrepana saenexeno je oxo XX nexa cr. e., a ceoa y
Anaon n ocnnnane upnrnje oxo XII nexa cr. e., xao n y onacr one Jepmennje oxo I
nexa npe Xpncroca, orxy ce cene y Hrannjy, a n ramo nnn saenexenn xao
Tnpenann nnn Erpypnn, o uemy cacnnm jacno nnme neh Crpaon. Hope rora mro xo
nera nannasnmo n na snauajan noarax sa cpncxy rononomacrnxy, yyhn a cacnnm
jacno xaxe: Kaxo cy pexy Kcanr Cpnna nasnnann pannje (ucmo., c. 763); xo
Crpaona nannasnmo n na nanohena ayropa xojn cy pannje xasnnann o Henasrnma, a y
unjy nepoocrojnocr on ne cymna. Taxo nanon crnxone Xomepa n Xecnoa,
Enpnnna n E]opa o mnahnx, nsnocehn n cneehe: Anrnxnen je npnn ronopno o
(Henasrnma) Hemny n Hmpy, re a cy ca nexnm raxnnma o arnuxnx Tnpenana npema
Hrannjn ornnonnnn. O arnuxnx ncropnjcxnx nncana Henasrn cy saenexenn, xao a
cy n norexnn ca Arnxe. 3or mnornx nyrana n rpaxena npane, moryhe je a cy ce
namnn na mecrnma, re cy nx arnuann nenaprnma nasnnann (c. 245)
Axo nonono xoncynryjemo 'najcrapnjn ncrounnx Fanxana y najoem cmncny
re peun' (M. Fynmnp, Ca oa.raucrux ucmo:uura) nanme, Xomepony 'Hnnjay', nahn
hemo nme Henacra nnn Henasra y cacrany rpojancxe nojcxe sajeno ca apannnma,
Tpauannma, Heonnnma, Ha]naronnnma, Enernma (Benernma), Mnmannma (H.. 9., cr.
786,877). Ha crpann axejcxe nojcxe namnn cy ce anajnn, Feohann, Acnneonnn,
44
uoxejnn, Hoxpann, Aann (ne n Anjn ca Hoynana), Arnnann, Mnxenann,
Apxahann, Pohann (H.., 8., cr. 484, 748). Morno n ce ys nax npnsnyx mane
saxyunrn, a cne mro n nno nama ernnuxn nnxe yuecrnyje na onoj crpann y
Tpojancxom pary,
23
xoja raj ncnpnyjyhn naeceroronmnn par ryn. Hoehyjy
yrn Axejnn (noromnn acnpcxnx Axanann) n xao ycnemnn na parnom nnany,
ounrneno cnojnm ycnecnma ]acnnnnpajy ncropnuape y onom cmncny nosnare nspexe,
a o ncrnnn y pary nnmy noennnn. 3a Cpe xojn cy ce cmecrnnn y rpyny
Fanxancxor nonyocrpna, nanasehn ce na mecrnma oxnacnunnx Fpyra n apanana
xojn cy anno npemnn npexo Xenecnonra n ocnonann Tpojy nnn Hnnj, onnpyhn jom
ye y Many Asnjy, nnje nenaxna unnennna a cy ce nomemann ca onnm cjajnnm
crpoceeonnma, pohauxom npennma, xojn ce nncy cennnn. V mnpnoj cnmnosn
cnonencxn Cpn ca cnojnm sapyxnnm naunnom nohena npnnpee n marpnnnneapnnm
pymrnennm crparnrpa]njama, nmann cy y crapoceeonnma no cxnarannma nncxe
nese, ne camo ca Fpyrnma, apannnma nnn Benernma, nero npe cnera ca Cpnma
crapoceeonnma na Hoynany n Hanonnjn, xao n Hnnpnxy yonmre. Jom je anno
Mnnan Fynmnp narnacno: Onn anxancxn Benern nmajy nmenaxe ne camo y pycxnm
Bjarnhnma n y cnoxennnama xao Bannan n Bjauecnan, nero n y japancxnm Benernma
n ae na sana, cne o Arnanrnxa. 3a ono nme sna n necnnx H.ufaoe, onocno
Axu.euoe. (M. Fynmnp, Ca oa.r. ucmo:. crp. 40)
Onaj ncxas ynyhyje nac na Ba]apnxono mepoanno mnmene xaxo cy
npnonrno npacnonencxa nmena nna Cpn n Benern, a a cy rex xacnnje noenexena
n ocrana y npnnnuno apxanunnm, na n nsmenennm snauennma (Fynnn, Haypn nnn
Heypn, Knmepn nnn Knmepn, Hmpn, Cnmpn, Cnrnnn). V npaanno oa onnm
xpnnroncropnjcxnm ecxpnnnnjama n cyncxpnnnnjama, npnpyxnno ce n nme Henasra
nnn Henacra, xao nasnn sa nnme ernnuxnx rpynannja xoje cy ce pamnpnne no y
Fanxany n Hpononrnnma, cne o 3axanxasja n xonna Mane Asnje. V raj pennn
xopnyc napoa jennm cnojnm enom cnaajy n napon cnonencxor ernnxa y crapnnn.
Kaxo Hronomej y Hanonnjn cnomnne cpncxe rpaone, xojn noce nmena nannoeannor
oenexja, ro je moryhe npernocrannrn a cy nexn Crapocpn cnaann y raj nenamxn
xopnyc napoa, nanasehn ce na Hocany, onem Hoynany n y Tpaxnjn, npema
Hpononrnnma. Hoysann ncropnjcxn noann nnn nepn]nxonann apxeonomxn
marepnjan xojn n ro npexrno nornphnnao, xonnxo je nama nosnaro, ne nocrojn, ann
ro camnm rnm ne snaun a raxo nnje n nno. Hma anac nayunnxa xojn janno rnpe a
nema nnxaxnnx ncropnjcxnx oxasa sa nocrojane marpnjapxara (a J. Faxo]en y cnojoj
xnnsn Mampufapxam nsneo nx je y ony), xao n onnx xojn rnpe a nema nnxaxne
cnonencxe xepamnxe?! 'Tpnnocxa xynrypa' nome onnyje, maxap onn cmarpajy a je
ncropnja sarnopena ca nenpoojnnm orpaama, xoje onemoryhanajy neno cynncno
unrane. Cne pyro unnn nm ce xao npnue, xoje nnmra ne xasyjy o crnapnocrn, neh o
nponsnonocrn.
Fam cynporno onaxnom cranonnmry, ncropnuapn ns ]panxo]oncxor ronopnor
nopyuja jom 1772. r. cnoe onaxo cnoja mnmena o rnm 'mnrcxnm rpnnama':
Henasrn, npnonrnn cranonnnnn Ipuxe n Hrannje. Crnranmn na ynan, npemnn cy

23
Pasapane Tpoje, 'cneror rpaa Hnnoca', oronno ce no Tnnajy 1334. r. cr. e., no Cocnnocy 1171., a
no maremarnuapy Eparocreny 1183. r. Kao najneponarnnja ysnma ce 1250. ronna crape epe na ocnony
pexoncrpyxnnje orahaja o xojnma xasyje Xomepona Hnnjaa n Onceja, xao n xacnnjn sanncn. (Bnn -
Hnxo Xynannh, Tpofauu u Apufeeu, Inac CKA, LXXXVI, pyrn pas. 51, Feorpa, 1911)
45
ony pexy n npopnn na Fanxancxo Honyocrpno, ox cy ce pyrn nenn ys Cany, xoja nx
je onena y cenepny Hrannjy. Orya nocroje ne rpane Henasra: jena ncrouna, y
Ipuxoj, pyra sanana, y Hrannjn. Bnxon onasax ce crana y 2000. r. npe Xpncra,
ann, moryhe je a je nno nnme nnxonnx ceoa. Tpojannn cy nnn Henasrn, a Cannn
y Hrannjn nnn cy, es cymne, najcrapnjn orpanax nennxe mace Henasra. Henasrn cy
cxopo cnya, nocne nsnecnor npemena, nnn noehenn, ncrepann, cneenn na crynan
nn]epnopnocrn o nonoomnnx paca: y Ipuxoj cy opann nnmnnn Henasre cnnx
oapa. Kacnnje, xa cy ce Ipnn ycronnunnn y Jyxnoj Hrannjn, xoja ce no nnma
nasnnana Bennxa Ipuxa, onn cy o Henasra ysenn najnenme onacrn. Henasrn, xojn cy
npexnnenn cne one npenpare, jenn cy ce npernopnnn y macy poona nnn y sanncne
xmerone nesane ys semy, a pyrn cy ce cannn y nexom yrny seme, xojy cy nexaa
noceonann y nornynocrn, nnn cy nax oernn y nnannne. Hexn cy ce oner orcennnn
n rpaxnnn nony oraunny, oconro no ocrpnnma: raxo Hemnoc, Camorpauxo ocrpno,
Capnnnja, exy nanynenn Henasrnma. 3emopana, meranyprnja, apxnrexrypa, nna
cy nnxona nncxa sannmana. Henamxy enoxy xapaxrepnmy xnxnoncxe rpahennne.
(Dictionnaire universel d'Histoire et de Geographie, par M. B. Vouillet, Paris, 1772,
c.255). O ernorenercxoj crpyxrypn n jesnuxo-onuajnnm oenexjnma casnajemo ns
orpomnor ena noopa ns Cnnnnnje Hcmopufcra ouo.uomera III, 67, sa nnx on
xaxe: Ho npeany, Hnn je nnmyhn nenamxnm cnonnma, ocranno npnuy o ennma
npnor nonnca, xao n pyre npnue. Taxohe cnyxno rnm nenamxnm cnonnma Op]ej n
Hponann, Xomepon yunre. Axo onaj oxymenr oneemo y nesy ca Enpnnnonom
'Anxecrom', re y crnxonnma 966-969, re xaxe: nema nn nexa nn / y rpauxnm
rannnama, na xojnma / ncnncana je Op]ejena / peu, ona he nam noxannja neh nrn
nnxa. V neh naneenom nornany ena noopa Cnnnncxor xoje ce onocn na
onmry ncropnjy o nouerxa cnera o 180. onnmnnjae nnn 60 r. cr. e., on cnomnne
Tnmoreja, ynyxa Haomeononor, xojn je xnneo y Op]ejeno npeme n nyryjyhn anexo
xo rpaa Hnxeje na oann Oxeana, osnao nornyny npnuy o nonncy, xoja je
xasnnana o cnnm npnnnxama neronor xnnora. Ha ocnony rora on je nanncao cnen
4pueufa n ro na pennn naunn: Cnyxehn ce snannma npnnx Henacra n nenamxnm
ronopom. Ounrneno a cy nenamxn 'xapaxrepn' nnn nenamxa cnona, nemro
pasnnunro o onnx xojnma cy ce cnyxnnn Ipnn, xao yocranom n jesnx, na mra onaj
nnrar ns nooponor cnnca jacno ynyhyje.
Vs ony remy naa nanecrn n npnnnuno nosnar, ann ne ynex n onono
ncraxnyr oxymenr, xojn nanasnmo y uynenoj uapnnnjenoj Ip:rof ouo.uomeu r. VII
(1705-1728), y xojoj ce nanon uynenn onomax ns ena nonncnja Tpauannna nnn
Ipamarnxa (pohen oxo 100 r. cr. e.). Cxonnja na neron rexcr onaxo rnacn: Hma nx
xojn rnpe a cy ce cnona, xojnma ce mn cnyxnmo, nprana c nnmhem ]ennxca, nnn
nanme, npomnpnna mehy ynma n a cy ona saro nposnana ]ennuancxnm. Hpema rom
naunny, axne, panno n ce o jenoj nrpn peun, xoja nponcrnue ns unnennne a
Ipnn nmajy ncro nme sa nanmy n sa uennuane, na ocnony uera je crnopeno onmre
onymreno mnmene, no xome n rpuxa cnona nna ]ennuxor nopexna.
H Hnnnnje cneoun a ce xao marepnjan sa nncane ynorpeanano nnmhe o
naxa 'in palmarum folii primo scriptantum' (Pl. Nat. hist. XIII, 69), ann n ncrnue xaxo
cy pnmcxy mnaex y nncmenocrn nonsann Erpypnn, nnn Tnpcennn - Henasrn. To cy
onn napon xojn nperxoe rpxo-pnmcxoj omnnannjn na Fanxany, n ro y exonomcxom,
jesnuxom n pennrnosnom norney. Fanxancxn Henasrn nnn Henacrn cy ona
46
crapoenponcxa sajennna xoja je yjeno n nocnnan nnnnnnsannje, xojy nasnnamo
'Bnnuancxa xynrypa'. V noj npe cnera nacraje nemro raxno xao nncmo, xoje je npnn
orxpno apxeonor Mnnoje M. Bacnh, ynexonnxo Co]nja ]on Topa, a sarnm
nornpnnn I. uajn, H. Bnaca, M. Inmyrac, P. Hemnh, M. Bnn nr.
24

Hmajyhn y nny noopone ncxase xao ncropnjcxy oxymenrannjy o
nocrojany nenamxor nncma n jesnxa (Op]ej-Hnn-Tnmorej), a y Tpaxnjn, npema
Mojcnjy Xopencxom xnne n cpncxocnonencxa nnemena, cacnnm je moryhe a je ra
nncmenocr nesana sa crapocpncxn apean, nacynpor nocmecnma: Konnxo mn je
nosnaro, npo]. M. M. Bacnh no je npnn y namem eny Enpone xojn ce nrao npornn
nopnsma n xojn je xapnarcxo-noynancxy xynrypy oneo y nesy ca xynrypama
anaona n ncrounor Cpeosema. Kaxo cy nemauxn crpyunann (n nnxonn cnonencxn
cneennnn) rorono nopyr nexa rocnoapnnn enponcxom nayxom, napounro y
norney anrnxe n ncroxa, rpeahe jom rpya n npemena a ce nsnpmn pennsnja
rpannnonannnx cxnarana, nsrpahennx y yxy nopnsma. (M. Fynmnp, Aumura u
He.acmu, Cxone 1959) Ha raj naunn, cxnarana nsrpahena n y yunpmhenocrn
nornphnnana y yxy nopnsma, n xo mnornx nopncrnuxnx cneennxa xo Cnonena,
nnrepxonrnnenranno cy sayana n c name crpane, maa je neh nooanno najnehn
yapan onaxnnm nemnnocpnnm yxanynnnannma nornea saana apxeonor n nonoc
cnonencxe nayxe Mapnja Inmyrac, cnojnm crynjama o Crapoj Enponn, xojy je
sajeno ca nennm ornnama n oronnma cmecrnna na Fanxan; oaxne, najneponarnnje,
nornue npnonrna nncmenocr n ymernnuxn samax, napounro y Hoynany, xaxo je ro
jom 1929. r., cneehn nponanacxe nnnuancxnx apre]axara M. M. Bacnha saxyuno n
Iopon uajn y xnnsn The Danube in Prehistory. ('Curious signs seratched on the vases
from Vinca and Tordos agree with the marks on Egyptian vases of predynastic and
protodynastic times', ibid., p. 33.)
Ha rom rpary rocnonn Pannoj Hemnh pasnno je cnoje pasmarpane xoje ra je
oneno o npoyennjer pasymenana npnonrnor nncma, xoje je jom ca
necnrypnomhy cnor nponanasauxor ranenra orxpno n nmenonao 'Bnnuancxnm nncmom'
Mnnoje M. Bacnh. Crpyxrypnmyhn ra npexo 'yxnapa' xojn npecranajy rpn ocnonna

24
V omanoj crynjn Tpaeo+ sa He.aseu+a (3arpe, 1922), xpenyo je Hnxo Xynannh a oronerne
'macxnpny rnannny o neuene rnnne ns Fenor pa y ceny Bnnun y Cpnjn', xora je ona nocernna na
crape napoe nnxer opnjenra. On je npencropnjcxy rnannny ns Bnnue ynopeno ca Xernrcxnm
nprexnma ycxnx rnana n omao o saxyuxa o nennxoj noyapnocrn, mro je sa nocnenny nmano
casnane a nerponna xomnnexcnja xojy ra rnannna nocn, nnje nemro mro n npnnaano 'apnjencrny',
neh memannm xaro-anaponjencxnm naponma. Orxy onn na Fanxany nnrao ce Xynannh, n maxap n
neocneno xoncraronao: Kao mro pexocmo, Xarn ce nojannme y ncropnjn oxo 1500. npe Xp. n
paronann cy npornn cnojnx cycea y Apmennjn, Kanaoxnjn, Knnnxnjn, cenepnoj Meconoramnjn n
cenepnoj Cnpnjn xpos croneha ramo o 700. npe Xpncra. V pyroj nononnnn pyre rncyhe npe Xpncra
Xarn cy nmann jaxy pxany n oxo ro. 1280. xa je nnxon nnaanan Kxarycnn cxnonno mnp ca
Pamsecom II xarnrcxa ce nmnepnja pacnpocrnpana na jyry o pexe Oponreca, na sanay o Erejcxor
mopa, na ncroxy o Meconoramnje n na cenepy o Hpnor mopa. Axo ne npe, ro ce morao raa
nenocpennm onpom npmnrn xynrypnn yrnnaj xernrcxe Mane Asnje na Erejy n Fanxancxo
nonyocrpno, xa neh n npe ne n ro no cnyuaj no npnrncxom nannnoncxnx n acnpcxnx ocnajana y
Hpenoj Asnjn. Vapnma axacxor xpaa Caprona (2500. npe Xpncra) nonerne cy nanme nexe
onacrn y npnmopjy npexo nyra Knnpa, sa xojn mncne a je ncro raxo no ocnojen o Apxahana. Tnme
je omao Capron y nesy ca Xarnma (Xernrnma), jep ce y Faeny (Fnnocy) raa cnomnne Hcxapa
(Hmrap), xoja je nnaue nosnaro oxancrno Xernra...(ra nnemena) yrpoxena ca ncroxa ysmnnana cy
npema sanay, npema Erejn n Fanxancxom nonyocrpny (ramo, crp. 4-5)

47
rpa]ema A-H- nornphena na nanasnmrnma Henencxor nnpa, on je noxasao a ro ne
mory a yy cnnxonnre npecrane snaxona nnacnnmrna nnn noxennx npemera,
nero omax n nenocpeno ancrpaxrno-cnonno nnneapno nncmo. ajyhn
aprymenrannjy sa cnoja cxnarana, y onoj mepn y xojoj je ro npn crany ncrpaxnnana y
moepnoj naynn moryhe, rocnonn Hemnh noxasao je n pasymenane na moryhom
sanpenamhenomhy na raxnom unnennnom: Cnrypno je a je remxo cxnarnrn
unnennny o nocrojany nnneapnor nncma y raxo yoxoj npomnocrn. Horpeno je
mnoro aprymenara a ncmo ce ynepnnn y nncmeny xomynnxannjy npancropnjcxor
cnera. C xnm je ro on xomynnnnpao nncmom, ca cnojnm npnjareem, ca cnojom
noponnom, c nncrnrynnjama, ca camnm coom nnn ca yyhnm cnerom? Moxa ca
cnnma. Ann on je nosnanao ymehe nncana. H o rome ocranno pojna cneouancrna.
Jep, axo je noxasao cmncao sa reomerpnjcxo ocmnmanane npocropa, mro je pesynrar
nosnanana nponopnnja, a ono pesynrar nosnanana poja, axo je noxasao cmncao sa
ocehaj pnrma, mro je nornpno ynorpeom xomrane cnnpane n axo je, xonauno,
noxasao nsyseran ap sa ecrercxo onnxonane xamena ocexyhn nncoxn ymernnuxn
nnno nnxonnor nspasa, on nac ne nsnenahyje n oxymenrannjom o cnojoj
nncmenocrn...Cnnxonnr npnxas onor nponeca aje xopen y maremarnnn, a ro je xopen
cnona unja rpn enemenra nanasnmo ynpano xpaj cnaxor ornnmra n xprnennxa y
crannmrnma Henencxor nnpa. axne, xao cacrannn eo onrapa, xao cam onrap. Jep
cnono n nnje nnmra yro o onrap c xora ce xpehe y peanno n nonnpe y onocrpano.
(Pannoje Hemnh, Buu:aucro nuc+o, Feorpa, 1995., crp. 112-113)
V cnom unanxy Ceoe nnn reomerpnja nenrnrera, cneouancrna n
xonrponepse o xperany enponcxnx napoa y nperxpnmhancxoj epn, r. Pannoj
Hemnh cacnnm je ymecno npnmerno: Amepnuxn nnnrnncra M. Cnaem, ocnnnau
rnoroxpononornje neecernx ronna nac oanemrana a ce cnonencxn n repmancxn
jesnnn pasnajajy npe uernpn o 5200 ronna (Morris Swadesch, 'Toward Greater
Accuracy in Lexicostatistic Dating', Fanrnmop, 1955). Bepoocrojnocr onor
oanemrena nornphyjy n nncmenn ncropnjcxn nsnopn. Ann ono mro je o
npenacxone naxnocrn, ona nac oanemrena naaxnyjy sa aa cnecrpannja rparana
sa Cnonennma y yoxoj npomnocrn y VI n V mnnennjymy, a ne y pyry nononnny
pyror xaxo je o rora omao F. A. Pnaxon (F. A. Pnaxon, Haeaucmeo opeeuux
C.oeeua, Mocxna, 1981). unnnno ce a je nenamxn xpyr sarnopen nonyhenom
mnronornjom nnn neyennnm saxyuxom o neocrarxy nncannx ncropnjcxnx
nsnopa, mro ce uecro nanon n npn nomeny Cnonena n nnxonnx 'ceoa'... Jean o rnx
npanana xpehe ns Crapuenauxe n Hoynancxe nnnnnnsannje. Hpna nsmehy 5400 n
4200 ronne...n pyra nsmehy V n IV mnnennjyma...
Caxpannsyjyhn na nexn naunn cmncao nncmenocrn, rocnonn Hemnh je
nocranno opehen oxnnp n cnpxy pasmarpannma xojnma ce anno nonoom nojane
nporoncropnjcxe nncmenocrn, xojy ona najneponarnnje n nma. Ono mro je nnax
anexo ncraxnyrnje y roj npernocrannn, a ne ocnena o nspasa, jecre cnecr ror
pennor uonexa o neronoj nnacrnroj ersncrennnjn, xao n jacno ocranena
oxymenrannja o cmncny cnera mro jecre n nna. To je onaj xyunn noarax naxan sa
apxeonornxy yma, a xojn ronopn o nanpemenom cymracrny yxa xoje rpaxn rexnnxe
cnor ncnoanana na naunn xojn he my najnpncnnje npncrajarn. On je npnn n yxasao
na nnxony nncmenocr nnn nnnuannny, sa xoje nncmo xaxe n najsnarnnjn canpemenn
apxeonor, Mapnja Inmyrac, cneehe: Ha ]nrypama ns Bnnue ocrann snann nnjyrane
48
nnnnje n xosnnhn (snann y onnxy cnona 'V') raxohe cy ypesann; ro nncy snann ns
nncma neh neorpamn ornna 3mnja n Hrnna. Ha nnnnama n nonpmnnama nennxnx
unnnja n cyona raxohe ce nojanyjy ypesann snann. Ono ce ne mory rymaunrn xao
rpnuapcxn snann jep ro nncy nsnojenn reomerpnjcxn snann neh nnsonn nnneapnnx
snaxona. Hs xopnmhennx marepnjana nnn ce a nouenn onor nncma arnpajy y
nepnoy npenacxa ns neonnra y xanxonnr nsmehy 5500-5000 r. npe none epe (xacno
Crapueno, pana Bnnua, na nenrpannom Fanxany). (Mapnja Inmyrac, np. y xn.
Catena mundi, Fr., 1992 crp. 29-30)
To axne ne moxe onono opo a ye nocmarpano rex xao 'cneouancrno
mexannxe nacranxa nncma', nero npe cnera xao rexnnxa nnn ymehe xoje ncxasyje
neanecresnpano npncycrno yxa xao nnona snana o cen n xapaxrepy crnapnocrn
xoja raj yx oxpyxyje, npoxnma, ncxasyje, ojennana. Ha raj naunn pasmnmao je n
nosnarn apxeorpa]onor Ban Mnnron Bnn, onasehn o cneeher: V canpemenoj
exan ononena cy sannmana y nasauennm snannma xojn nnue na nncmo /caa ce ono
nanon xao Crapo Enponcxo (CE) nncmo/ naheno npema aronannma apre]axara
a npnnaa cpenoj neonnrcxoj Bnnua-Topom xynrype, ns Jyrocnannje n sanane
Pymynnje. Taxo cy oxasn sa one snaxe ynosnarn y nepnoy o xacnor 19. nexa ca
ncxonanannma xpaj mecra Topom y Tpancnnnannjn, mro cy nna orxpnha rannna y
nnsnnn mecra Taprapnja 1964., mro cy nsasnana xonrponepse xoje ce onoce yjeno
na nsnop n xpononornjy snaxona. Opehena mxoncxnx noysanocrn a cy snann nnn
no yrnnajem panor Meconoramcxor nncma (oxo 3000 r. H. X.) nncy camo nopemernna
moryhnocrn nesanncne enponcxe nnonannje y ynorpen snaxona, neh raxohe
npecranajy npenoxenn meconoramcxn nsnop snaxona xao nonjane none n
panxanne anrepnarnnne neonnrcxe xpononornje, sacnonane na pano-xaponcxom
aronany, sa jyroncrouny Enpony. Kaxo nno, xaa cy apxeonon nacrannnn a
nojamnanajy n cymrnncxn opehyjy nony xpononornjy (Pen]py, 1973), nsnor snaxona
je nomepen xopax nanpe y cnnm eennma anannsa ca cpenom n xacnom xynrypom
Heonnra y jyroncrounoj Enponn. Ayropono yuecrnonane y ncxonanannma y nnmoj
Jyrocnannjn n nerono sannmane sa snaxe no npnnnnn je pesynronano y mancn a
nocern ncxonanana n npoyun mysejcxe snpxe y Pymynnjn, nnmoj Jyrocnannjn n
Fyrapcxoj. 3nann cy npnxynann ca npnnnxno 50 mecra xoja cy npnnaana nnn ce
onocnna na Bnnua-xynrypy, nmenonann npema naxnom mecry Bnnua na penn ynan,
nope Feorpaa. Topom ]asa xynrype, najnnme je ounrnena xo mecra Topom y
Tpannnnannjn. Cnpxa nanncanor unanxa a ynee n pasnnje none oxase sa cncrem
snaxona n yrnpn xoncncrenrnocr oxasa ca saxyunnma pannje arnm o ayropa y
neronom ojanenom npoyuanany snaxona (1981). Houecro, saxyunn nsnecenn y
pannjoj crynjn one cy camo unrxo nononenn.
25
V cnoj cxpomnocrn, a n pan
ynepnnocrn xonrnnynrera ncxonanana n apxeonomxnx nperpara na nopyujy
naneonnnrnncrnxe, r. Ban Bnn je ncxopncrno npnnnxy a noxaxe xaxo crapnjn
apxeonosn nncy nnn nha nan cee nnn saxnonena cnanjom ynosnaromhy ca
marepnjannjama, nha xoja cy cen onymrana a ynasne mra ro a n nm nna
mamra nanannana na namer. Hpe he nrn a je ca orxnananem re rese o moryhoj
nncmenocrn nna mamra xoja je apxajcxom uonexy nmnyrnpana cne one ocoenocrn

25
INTODUCTION IN INVENTORY OF THE DANUBE SCRIPT by Shan M. M. Winn (VBO1EEE V
HAHA3HLTE HOVHABCKOI HHCMA), RECENT EVIDENCE AND SCRIPT SIGNS (HAJHOBHJH
VBH H 3HAHH HHCMA)
49
xoje cy y connjannnm crparnrpa]njama nne panene y connjanncrnuxom nnn nax
xannranncrnuxom oxpyxeny, pao npojexronane y ry penny crapnny, jep ce
nonasnno o rora a ro n nnje am moryhe cynepennje nparnrn.











































50
2. Cpn y `nynennu nocnonnua` n `nne1ennjy cnonec`

V nonnje npeme cne ce nnme opaha naxna n na rsn. e]emepne xapaxrepncrnxe
]onxnopnnx oenexja, nennn ce y nnma namna apxeorpa]cxa xnna nnn apem nena
anexa pesonanna. Hsnecran apxeorpa]cxn npnsnyx onaxnor npncryna nanasnmo xo
Mnnana Fynmnpa, xojn ra cmemra y onomacnonomxy nmensnjy: Onnx Cpnn
npenocrana crapnjn onnx Cnmnn. Hope nasannor cy]nxca nmamo n pyry
nnxnny L y onnxy Serbaloi nope Serboi. Hop]nporennr, xaxo je nosnaro, sna sa
cpncxo nme y onacrn Tpnnoa oaxne xpehy anrnuxn KimmberoiTaxo cy
xopanxanna nmena n samennne sebar, paserb, seber, Srb, Srbljin sibones, si(m)bune,
sigunne n, najsa, nme noynancxnx Cnryna n nnxona xona o xenesa sigunna. To
n snaunno a ce y noynancxnm Cnrynnma, xao n y rpauxnm zibunthides, moxe
nacnyhnnarn cnonencxo nme n cnonencxn anenarnn. Pasyme ce a nma jom nornpa sa
raxo pany nojany cnonencxnx nexcnuxnx enemenara y xnacnunom peunnxy. Mehy nnx
cnaa n naxan repmnn kanap(b)is xapaxrepncrnuan sa rpnnocxy rexcrnnny
nnycrpnjy, sa xojy cneoun n Apncro]anon kimberikos hiton. Apncro]anona Arnna
neh o npemena Hejcncrparona ynosn xnro ns rpnnocxe onacrn n nosnaje oe
repencxy cnryannjy nero joncxn necnnx Onceje y xojoj ce jana cexynapnn onnx
Kimmerioi. 3a cnenn]nune nese nsmehy Apncro]anone Arnne c jene crpane n
rpnnocxe nnnnnnsannje c pyre crpaney norney rexnnuxnx repmnna ronopn n
nasnn xpsnenor ryna kunakes, xojn cy ernmonosn neh pannje onenn y nesy ca
cnonencxnm soonnmom xyna (o crapnjer kauna). Onnm ce repmnnom onnuno
onynyje neh nomenyrn Apncro]anon nspas kimberikos khiton. /M. Fynmnp, O
noovuaecru+ Cuevuu+a, y Hcrop. uac. CAH Fr., 1960., crp. 29/ Kaa ce axne y
onomacnonomxnm cnojennma nponanasn ecrernuxa xapaxrepncrnxa enemenara naxnnx
sa ncxpany onamner cranonnnmrna, xao n ynorpennx npemera y oenany, nnme je
nero younno a n ]enomenn rxana n npeena npecranajy ernonomxy
xapaxrepncrnxy xao cneouancrno o npenocrn n xonrnnynrery xynrype. Bnx je
moryhe nparnrn jom o npencropnjcxnx ]nrypnna na o canpemenocrn. Hpecnnna,
npereno, pasoj, nncy camo anarxe n cnmonn pypannnx nnn nnnnunnx nacrnpcxnx
cpenna xoje cnyxe sa rpany necnnuxnx cnnxa n nonexor oxonor nnrepecenra y
nnxy canpemenor ncropnuapa ymernocrn. Cnnxe rxana n npeena y rsn.
nenapymenoj npnpon uonexonnm rexnonornjama mory a yy nsononana
xanenocxoncxa npecrana ynorpenna y nonnrnuxom mapxernnry, ann
ncronpemeno n oxymenrannonn marepnjan sa nperneane n npencnnrnnane
xapaxrepa xynrypnor cnoja nncrnonana. Hpecnnna je cnmon neronana n cxpn,
samrnre n nocrnnaja xao marepne samrnrnnuxe eneprnje seme, a ory n
cnmonnuxa nesa ca nennxom ornnom cnera xnnyher ncxasanor y pasnnm nnxonnma
npeana. Vmehe npeena n rxana nopasymena nemrnny yxpamanana nnn
ycanpmanana crnapnocrn ys nomoh nenore, a ono je ncronpemeno npema necnnuxoj
peun ronnxo naxno a yme a noyn n sanncr orona. Hnhanxa Apaxna je nna na
rnacy y nynennm nocnonnma, na je sor ena xoje je caunnnna mamehn n came nnm]e
ns nnnorpaa n ranaca nna neoma nonocna, raxo a je nsasnana na raxmnuene n camy
Mnnepny /Arnny/, o uemy nam xasyje Onnnje, necnnx rparnxe xynrype ns
xaxnennuxe xononnje na nonrcxnm oanama, y mecrom nenany cnor cnena
Mema+opqose:
51
Hnje nm ronno camo a rorono rneajy pyno,
Hero n xaxo ce npann, nemrnne paxecne pan.
Hnn je rpyy nyny n xnynxa morana npna,
Hnn je npehy penna, npcrn nn` yro nyxyh
uynana oner n oner xo marna ranaxno pyno,
Hnn je oxpernnm npcrom npereno nprjena rnarxo,
Hnn je nesna y cnemy pasapo ce Hanann nayx...
(VI, 17-23)
Kaxa caonmrana a ce ornna jannna Apaxnn y nnxy crapnne xoja joj je
caneronana a ce raxmnun ca cmprnnnama, ann ona ce na ro ornymyje n noxaxe npxoc
na xojn je Hanaa Arnna nna npnnyhena a oronopn. Apaxnnno rxane npennnnx
cnnxa je cjajno ymehe, ann nene cnnxe ncronpemeno npehajy orone, ycne uera je
Arnna npnmopana a joj pasepe rxannny n pasopn pasoj, npernapajyhn je ajannnom
y nayxa. Oraa, cnaxn nayx rxa mpexe ncnymrajyhn ns cnor rena nnrn xoje onnnhe y
nnacrnro majcropcrno ena.
Ha nexn naunn n ro je nea]npmarnnna naoxnaa sa nennxo ymehe, raxo a ce
ono yanyje y ]nsnuxy xonrnnyanny cnpxy came npnpoe y cxnony nennxe
oprannsannje xnnora (]enomen a rexnnuxo ymehe, cnpanane n caunnanane crnapn
moxe xao cnojenpcna rexnnxa npnpoe a nsnyn rpajnn cyncrpar osnone
rpajnocrn opahnnana n nenorpemnnocrn ypaxa cnojcrnenor napanrmn nnn
cymrnncxom nsrney crnapn). Ona nsyserna moryhnocr xao a crojn n y onnm
samncnnma cnojennro samnmene rexnnxe npnpoe y xacnnjem onycy Hmanyena
Kanra, ca xojnm ananorno on oxasyje nocrojane xpajne cnpxe cnnx crnapn y cnemy
mro jecre n nna. Cama ornna Hanaa Arnna n nnaue je nosnara xao npea n rxaa,
xoja je ysop snana o npecnnnn n ymeha npeena, rxana n ojancana. O rome
Xomep,necnnx yann n cmprn, nena (H.ufaoa, XIV, 178-180):
Xannom ojene ce amposnjcxom, xojy Arena
Vrnan njemro yrxan ynyrpa ymjernnx jena
Mnoro, xonuama snarnnm na rpynma je Xepa saxonua.
Ounrneo a cy ornne naronaxnone npema cmprnnnama xaa nm nomaxy a
sanncrajy, rpernpajyhn nx xao nexaxne cnoje nnacrnre pennnxe, oaxne ce jom
jenom nnn xonnxn je xynryponomxn snauaj rxanauxor ymeha, nanme ronnxn a je
ecmprnnne pao npnjymhyjy n cen, xaxo xao sanocno cpecrno yxpamanana, raxo n
nornpranajyhn naxno oenexje craryca (H.ufaoa, V, 733-735):
Khn ernonome 3enca Arnna ona y omy
Ouenom, nnamr cnyue, mapeno oeno cnoje
Kora je caunnnna n pyxama nspanna cama.
Hn nnm]a Kannnco nnje morna a oonn uapnma ymeha npeena. Ona na ocrpny
Ornrnjn npnma o 3enca naxny nopyxy npexo oxancxor nesncre Xepmeca, xojn ce na
nnm]nno ocrpno cnymra nonyr ranea, a o uemy nam Xomep npyxa cneehy cnnxy
(Ooucefa, V, 56-61):
npocrpanoj sanyrn cnnn, y xojoj nenoxoca nnm]a
opaname n ry je y crany Xepmnja nahe.
Bennxa yxrame narpa na ornnmry, ronopame one
nennna xnexa n xeap; n onn cy ocrpny nenom
anann mnpnc, a ona ynyrpa nenajyh` neno
52
ysa cran rxame, a snaran y pynn ejame joj uynax...
Jom y pyrom nenany Ooucefe caonmrana nam necnnx jae najnosnarnje
rxae cmprnnne Henenone, xoja je naxon onacxa myxa onceja y par no Tpojy
onxoena npocnnma, xyehn y cpny sa orcyrnnm myxem. V naaxnyrom nenany am
pasoj na xome rxa aje yneuarnnocr nonyuenyrocrn npe onaxnnm onceanem
(Ooucefa, XXX, 148-156):
Taxo nm pexox n xpapo y nnma naronopnm cpne.
Ora ys nennxn cran no any cam rxana, a nohy
one nx oner pasnesana ro ys ropyhe sye nyun...
raa me cnymxnne moje oay, ecrnne xyuxe,
re me yxnare npocnn y eny n sarpajy na me,
raxo sanpmnx pa, o nyxe n nenona cpna.
He camo a npeene n rxane nmajy cnojy onuajno ysopny npenocr, neh cy
n mera]opa sa nornuxy napanrmy nocrynana ca crnapnma. Vmehe cacranana
ronopa moxe a ce npncnoon n xao npennnrane nojmona y rxany peun /xrpxi :o\
oyou/, na xoje je ynosopno nnaron y njanory praeuur, a npnmerno je a ce na ry
samncao xacnnje nnno ocnonnna xacnnja orara reonomxa rpannnja npnmhancrna,
noceno npanocnana, xao rsn. nnerennje cnonec. H y njanory o xnnory n cmprn,
on nnje nponycrno npnnnxy a narnacn: He xao cnernna, nero xao n ja pasmncnnhe
yma uonexa ]nnoco]a, a nehe ce npearn mnmeny a ce saarax ]nnoco]nje
carojn y rome a ny nsana, a a ce ona, ox je ]nnoco]nja nsana, moxe
npeanarn nacnaama n onnma, na oner cee nonono oxnnarn n unnnrn ecxonauan
nocao, sannmajyhn ce nexnm cynpornnm pyxornopcrnom o Henenone, nero ox
cnamana ypy crpacrn ncnyma pasymenano, y rome my ce npeaje n neuno
nncrnyjyhe, re ono ncrnnnro n oxancxo n neoxyunno mnenem ox nocmarpa,
xpann ce rom xpanom, cmarpa a mopa raxo a xnnn oxne ro n xnnena, a xa naxon
rora npemnne, a he ocnern o onora mro joj je cpono n noj nannx, re a he ce
ocnoonrn cnnx ycxnx ea. Axo ce yma xpann raxnom xpanom Cnmnja n
Keere, ona nema onacnocrn o ojasnn a he je nocne onaxnor nanopa, na pacranxy
ca renom, nerponn pasynarn n pacrypnrn, n a he ce pacnpmnrn, re a je nnme nnre
nehe nrn. /Hnaron, 4eoou, 84a-n/ H cam je ]nnoco]cxn ronop nexaxno
xomnnonane n onynanane poona n npcra y nnxone cnnerona xojn nonpnmajy
opehenn nsrne. V xomnnernpany capxaja xojn unne cnojene npcre xasnnana y
cnner xao nnxono crane jenncrnenocrn, rn npnxynenn marepnjann sanpano n
nnajy na oxyny saxnayjyhn raxnom cnajany. Cnoj je nnxono nornuxo pono mecro
ca xapaxerpncrnxom ayromenrannrera xoje cxyna n canpa. Ka cnnerenn marepnjan
cnoj je ao nnx capxajy nonmana, a neron crnnncrnuxn nspas y mop]onornjn
nonmana je rpamarnuxn peueno xonyna. Konyna je mecro re mory a ce cycperny
nenrnrer n n]epennnja, xao n ono mro n]epennnpa camy n]epennnjy n cne aa
pasnnxonana. Vnorac xonyne y nornuxoj rpamarnnn capxaja nncrnyjyher panna je
ynosn nnrn xojy ncnpea npena ns npecnnne, a n nacrane rxannne n
najpasnonpcnnje mapennne, nnn nax nayx ns cnor rpyxa rpaehn mpexy npennsnnx
pasmepa. Ha raj naunn ce oxo onora nnn onora mro jecre onnnhe cymrnncxn eo
nsrnea nncrnyjyher, onnnhy ce npnonrnocrn n nsnaxe ynn o xojer ce ocnena.
Hnaron ra nmenyje neuno nncrnyjyhnm, ncrnnnrnm n oxancxnm, xao n
neoxyunnnm sa yonuajena mnena, jep nsnasn na nneno rex y cyueanany n
53
mehyonomennma, ycnoxnanannma n menannma xpos npennnrana cranona n
crnnona nsnarana. Taj ]nnn oronaaxnyrn nes nonmana nornue o onora mro
moxe a ce nmenyje mera]nsnuxom npecnnnom sa cnnerone npnonrnocrn, nornue o
ncnxo-]enomenonomxn pasrpannuenor yma.
ox ce ycxn ym ann onnm nansrne jenonnunnm nocnom, y neronoj
ocnonnnn snnajy ce nn nesnarne nn sanemapnne npomene. On npernocrana
ymnpnnane crpacrn yme, xoja cne oe n ycnemnnje, nparehn pyxe xoje xpos ncre
noxpere nponsnoe ono mro cnyxn sa pasne norpee samrnre, ynenmanor nsrnea
nnn nax ocehana, ycnena a ce ncnnnnnnyje n yunnn rpesnenom. Kpos re crere
ycnonenocrn ym n yma nnajy ocnocoanann sa neronane ycrannana naxne, a
ono oner nna snauajno xaxo sa npomnpnnane moryhnocrn carneanana crnapn y
onaxajnnm nonma, raxo n sa ounpcnocr n onyunocr y cyouanany ca npenpexama
xoje npare nennxe nanope pasymenana. Bro je ocrnsanana neha ecnpexopnocr xoja
ycrayje nenomypenocr n rpesnenn acnexr ymnocrn, ro je norpea sa cnoamnnm
cyxoanannma mana. Henacnnnn meron xojn xapaxrepnmy one xojn ce rpye oxo
nsnaxena na xpaj ca camnma coom, nasa cy xapaxrepncann mypoynne napoe, a
Xomep nac nsnemrana ynpano o napoy Anja naceenom na Hoynany, xojn
crapoceeonn ycne cnoje npanenocrn nncy nn yuecrnonann y Tpojancxom pary. Jom
n an anac xo namer napoa oomaheno je mne npecnnne; ona je uax n snaro xao
mro je n xencxo ueo majunno: Kaa 3naro sa npecnnny ye,/ Majxa he my naunnnr
npecnnny, / Haunnnrn o cynora snara, / Ka je snaro, nex na snary npee.
(Fparncnana Hnopean, Hpec.ua a.am u cu+oo., Honn Ca, 1994., crp. 18) Ona
nnna napona necma y cnojnm onnm perncrpnma nma xoncranry xyror, xoja moxe
a ce onee y nesy ca nojmom xonra, samrnn, canrepna n snaro. Hcry cnary nocn n
npnena nnn nop]npna oja, nesana sa namy ncropnjy mnoro nnme neronn nam ce
nnaue moxe yunnnrn, npema mypnma casnannma Mnnana Fynmnpa: ...cpncxo ce
nme xao oenexje cnonencxe rocnoe moxe nanpocro nenrn]nxonarn ca narnncxnm
]nronnmom sorbus, unja je onomacnonornja, sor nese ca mnancxnm sarf
Routage(Walde-Pokorny II 499, Walde-Hottna, s.v.) `npnen`. Taxo n Cpn nnn,
cnnuno crapopycxnm Bjarnhnma n Benernma, nasnn sa unanone pymrnene npxymxe
xoja je nmana npano na npneny ojy, xao crapomaxeoncxa rocnoa n oneanno
Typnn n Horypnne y Focnn, re nnjean xpnmhannn nnje cmeo nocnrn nemro npneno
o rexcrnna. (M. Fynmnp, O cmapufu+ no+euu+a cpncroe u+eua, Inac CAH,
Feorpa, 1959., crp. 55) Ounrneno a je nenamxn apean napoa anexo saronernnjn
n nspaxajnnjn, nero mro ce ro a nacnyrnrn y nmunranannma crapnx rpuxnx n
pnmcxnx nonecnnna. Vronnxo je opahane naxne na raj nenamxn xpyr, re cnaajy
Hnraropnn oran, Apncrorenon oran, unnnn Maxeoncxn n Anexcanap Maxeoncxn,
sajeno ca nennxnm pojem pnmcxe rocnoe, unje je (nenamxo a sarnm n
cnenn]nxonano xao erpypcxo) nopexno pao saramxanano, anac xaa je poj oxasa
o rome anexo nnme napacrao, nnme nero norpeno.




54
3. An1nuxa oxyuen1annja o Henasrnua n nnxone
enounnonane nese ca cnonencxnu e1nnnnua

Hocrojnna Henasra no npeany je Tecannja (Her., Hist. I, 56; Strab. Geog. V,
224; IX, 443; Serv, Aen. XB, 600, Lyk. Alex. (Kas.) st. 177), a y H.ufaou unramo
ycpny monnrny Axnnejeny - \, o, i r, o (H..
XVI, 233: 3ence, rocnoe, ooncxn nenamxn, o naha anexo, re ce npnsnna xao
onaj xojn nnaa y cryenoj oonn (Ennp), oxpyxen Cennma npauennma xojn nexe na
semn n ne nepy nore, ynpaxnanajyhn nexn nn acxernsma. H npema noopy
Cnnnncxom Axnnej je nacnnran na Cxnpocy, re cy cranonann Henacrn.
Hpema, Crpaony, Henasrn cy crapo orpuxo nneme naceeno y Aprocy n
Arnnn, axne y cpny noroner xenencrna xojer he opasonarn npnonrno nna
nnemena Axejana n opana (jom Xernrn nx nasnnajy Axanane) xoje onncyjy xao
yrnne, a nenamxo nme pacnpocrnpano ce o Tecannje o Kpnra. Xepoor Henasrnma
nasnna n Arnnane (Hcm. I, 56; VIII, 49), Jonane (VII, 94), Eonne (VII, 95), Apxahane
(I, 1461. re cranonnnxe oone xao n Xomep (Hcm. II, 52), n Aproca (II, 171).
Henamxy Xepy xao marpnnnneapnn xynr cnomnne Anononnje Pohannn
(Argonautica, I, 44: 'Hpo HroyixJ), a Co]oxne rparnuxn necnnx cmarpa Hapncy y
Tecannjn rpaom Aopiooo g:Jp poyovv Hrooyiov (Hapnca majxa nenamxnx
npeaxa), ox Xenannx rnpn a cy Hapncy ocnonann camn Henasrn, nanomnnyhn
xaxo n Beprnnnje Axnna nasnna Larisaeus [Aeneida, II, 179). Hornpheno je a ce na
nonny Hapnce ns recancxor canesa nanasnna yrncnyra Axnnejena rnana, unme ce
nocpeno nornphyje a cy Henasrn cmarpann npacranonnnnnma Ipuxe. Hpema
pnmcxom nncny Maxponjy (7,28) Henasrn cy ns oone omnn y Hrannjy no
3enconom opaxyny, n ry nonrnn xpam nny n xprnennx Kponocy. Hpema Hnnnnjy,
xaa cy nporepann ns Ipuxe, omnn cy npexo Joncxor sannna o Vmpnje na cy,
npema anrnuxom npeany, o Henasra nnn Tnpcena nponcrexnn Erpypnn, sa xoje sna
neh Co]oxno xaa cnomnne erpypcxe Henasre (]p. 248), n Crpaon (5,221) nanoehn
ncro. Mnorn rpaonn Erpypnje cmarpann cy xononnjama Henasra (Kporon, Arnna,
Hnsa, Carypnnja), a nonncnje Xannxapnamxn cacnnm nenrn]nxyje Aopnunne n
Henasre (1, 20, 28). Cpocrno Pnmana ca Henasrnma npernocranano je nsnohene
nnxonor nopexna o Apxahana sapa cneuanor nnmyca, a necnnx Hnxo]pon, xaxo na
ro onnuno yxasyje p Crenan Jocn]onnh, n cam pxn a cy Henasrn crapnjn o
Mecena - Apxahann. Onn cy mehyrnm, xnnenn n na Kpnry oaxne cy Fpyrn n
upnxann, xao n na Knnpy re cy cranonann n npeopcxn Axejnn. Ho rpannnjn,
Tnpcenn nnn Henasrn nnn cy n yunren Ipxa, xao n nemrn semopannnn n
rpanren snona.
Hcro raxo, npema Hnnnnjy (Nat. hist. VII, 56, 201), nnn cy jenaxo nemrn
mopnapn xao n nponsnohaun opyxja, napounro nosnarnx xonaa (cernmo ce n Cnrnna
no Xepooronnm nn]opmaropnma). 3a Erpypne on sna a cy nncmenn n onnunn
nacnnraun pnmcxe mnaexn, re a cy apxnrexrypom, pennrnjom n nomnom ronnxo
yrnnann na Pnmane, a cy n nocnen xpaenn nnn rnpcencxn oceennnn
nopexnom ns Kopnnra. Hnje nn ry n oronerxa Enejnnor nopexna, xojn ce no onacxy
y Hrannjy nacenno y semy Aopnunna (o-3opryrivov = noromnn cenepna)
cmemrennx nsna Hannyma, o xora nornuy Pomyn n Pem, ocnnnaun Pnma. Eneja ns
Tpoje onasn npno y (crapy) Maxeonnjy, a oarne npenasn y Hrannjy, re ce
55
ypyxyje ca Hanocom n Tene]onnm cnnonnma Tapxonom n Tnpenom, ocnnnajyhn
Hannnnjym. V onacrn Aopnunna on nnaa na Harnnnma n Camnnhannma, a y
Hannnnjymy nonxe xpam ornnn Mnnepnn, mro oaje ]nnoco]cxe cxnonocrn n
nenacro-jennncxn xapaxrep. V raxne noarxe yxnana ce rymauene Taeja Bonancxor
xojn je repaxory nponaheny xo Kpeuenra 1846. r., n aronany na X nex cr. e.,
nporymauno xao cnonencxe peun nanncane rpuxnm nncmom, xao 'Hpaxneoc Cxnaenoc'
nnn 'Xepaxne cnonencxn' (Taej Bonancxn, Cnomennnn nncmenocrn Cnonena o
Pohena Xpncronor, Mocxna, 1854.) Henacrn cy onaj napo xojn je nsyserno naxan
ycne cnoje ncropnjcxo-reorpa]cxe pacnpocrpanenocrn sa emn]ponane
naneocnonencxnx sajennna n nnrane nporocnonencxe oraunne, cnaxaxo y ycxoj
nesn ca nponemom nporonnoenponcxe omonnne yonmre.
Hpe cnera, naxna je npnonrna noxannja cnnx nporo-nnoenponana, na n
cnonencxnx Cpa mehy nnma, o uemy nocrojn, nacynpor o raa npeonnahyjyhnm
mnennma ''nopnjcxe mxone'', uax n maremarnuxo-xnnmaronomxn aprymenr. On xaxe
a nopncrnuxa napanena nnnnje naceenocrn o rsn. 'npnene yxne' (fagus salvatica)
crojn mnoro jyxnnje o ronorpa]nje Kannnnnrpa-Oeca: oxnacnuna nexcnuxa
rpyna ca cnnm cnojnm unanonnma onono je peunr oxas a ce npn
opehnnany nporocnonencxe omonnne ne moxemo nnme pxarn npnene yxne.
Cnonencxa cy ce nacea npema rome nanasnna onocno morna nanasnrn n c jyxne
crpane re nnnnje, sa xojy ce neh sna a ce cranno nomepa ae npema ceneponcroxy.
Ono nomepane y nesn je ca nonnauenem nocnener neenor nojaca, xojn je no
mnmeny crpyunaxa onnpao no npnnnnn o 45 crenenn cenepne mnpnne n ro n
oronapano nnnnjn xojy nma Cana ca onnm roxom ynana. Taj neenn nojac no je
raxo mohan a je ocranno nnne rparone rneuepa na cnnm nnmnm anxancxnm
nnannnama na n na camom Onnmny. Cxnarane Hirta, Kretschmera n ocrannx nopncra
o nporo-nnoenponcxoj, na npema rome n nporo-cnonencxoj nocrojnnn y onnm
enponcxnm onacrnma xoje nexe cenepnnje o 55 crenenn cenepne mnpnne remxo je
npnxnarnno ca rnenmra Mnnanxonnhene maremarnuxe xnnmaronornje. Hnnnja
yxne nounne anac o Kannnnnrpaa a ro je na 55 napanenn. Ann npe 50 nexona
xaa ce nouena pacryparn nporo-nnoenponcxa sajennna ra je nnnnja yxne mopana
nrn snarno nnme na jyry. Ieorpa]n n xnnmaronosn pauynajy xao ca noysanom
unnennnom a cy ce anrnuxe onacrn y nesn ca nonnauenem neenor nojaca npema
cenepy morne xopncrnrn sa rpajnnja nacea rex npe nexnx 7000 o 8000 ronna. Ann
ce npnena yxna y nehem onmy morna opxarn y rnm xpajennma najpannje nouerxom
III mnnennja. 3a jyxnn nonoxaj nporocnonencxnx nacea ronope najsa ocnm
]nronnma y x, n pyre unnennne, xoje nornphyjy nporocnonencxe nese ca
anxancxo-anaoncxom nnnnnnsannjom y oxnacnuno oa. Henocrojane raxnnx nesa
ca ]nncxo-yrapcxnm xynrypnnm nojacom ncro je raxo peunr oxas sa jyxnnjy
noxannsannjy nporocnonencxnx nacea (Mnnan Fynmnp, Hpoo.e+ ovree u
npomoc.oeeucre oo+oeuue, Pa JA3V, 3arpe, 1951., xn. 282, crp. 29, 30, 31)
Hnrane yxne nnmesnauno je naxno, jep onaj ]nronnm xao anxancxa yxna:
mnmo cne cnoje cponnxe no yueny enponora onnxyje npnennm cpnem (crora nem.
nasnn Rotbuche). (ucmo., crp. 22). Hpneno cpne je naxno jep caremcxn onnx npnene
yxne onasn y Hoynane ca Anaona, o nnemena Mnca n Hna xoja cy jom npe
rpojancxor para sajeno c Teyxpnma nponannnn y Fanxan (Xepoor, VII, 20), a ca
upnrnma n Hnnpnma ynase y xopnyc nenamxnx napoa, ca xojnma y VIII nexy cr. e. ns
56
onacrn Mnca, Hna n upnra onase n Erpypnn xao anxancxn cponnnn Henasra, a
na ocnony xojnx jesnuxn ce yrnphyjy naxnn nojmonn - nncarn, snaro, nncrarn, cjajan,
xnnra, rpa, n r.. Bese nsmehy anxancxnx Henasra nnn Tnpcena, r.j. Erpypana nnn
Pacena, Pamana n Cnonena, noxasyjy y jesnuxom caopahajy pohauxe onoce, xoje je
Mnnan Fynmnp npnxasao y cnojoj onmnoj crynjn Pelasto-Slavica, Pa JA3V, xn.
309, 3arpe, 1956. Ty je on panno Xepoorony, neponarno n no crapnnn
najyennnjy reopnjy, a cy Erpypnn nnn Pacenn omnn na Anennncxo nonyocrpno
ns sanane Anaonnje, a peannocr nesa ca Cnonennma n Tpnnocxom nnnnnnsannjom,
nornphyjy npe cnera reonnmnje nnn cnera mecra yonmre, a nanoce sa nojenna
oxancrna. To ne mopa nnmano a nac nsnenahyje, yxonnxo snamo a cy reonnmn
nexcnuxo-eneprercxn onoc uonexon npema cnemy mro jecre n nna, xaxo je o rora
crnrna mncao sacnonana y Hnarononj axaemnjn xo jenor o nocnennx nennx
ynpannnxa Hpoxna njaoxa. Hpoxno ry cnary nmenonana nnn ncnoeny y
menrannom najapcrny xao ororparanauxoj yxonnoj apxnrexrypn, a neron
xpnmhancxn cneennx nonncnje Hceyo-Apeonarnr ro reonomxn sacnnna
(yrnannom xomnnnannjama es penenanrne onronomxe rexnne) sa npxnene norpee, y
cnojnm cnncnma. Kopenannja nsmehy erpypcxnx n cnonencxnx oxancrana y
naneonnnrnncrnuxom norney sannyjyha je. Erpypcxn Jynnrep nnn 3enc -Tnn(na),
ncroneran je ca cpncxocnonencxnm nn, an (3or rpuxnx xopanxana Dis n
Dmtr osnoena je n ]onercxn nornyno onpanana npnnanocr nmena a(j)or n
a(j)6ae (cnnrynap!) nexcnuxoj rpynn nec Tin Juppite (ma+o, crp. 81). Beprymnyc
xao rnanno pacencxo oxancrno nenrnuan je ca cnoneno-cpncxnm 'nnaxa' nnn
mnahnm 'naa' (crp. 90-100). Erpypcxo-pnmcxn Mapc ncrn je cemanrnuxn xao name
'jynax' (crp. 103), a Typmc xao pacencxn Mepxyp nnn Xepmec rpuxn, nenacrnuxn
(xnmepcxo/cemepcxo-rpauxn) Hmpoc, najnenocpennje je xopanxanan ca cpncxo-
cnonencxnm rynmauy (ucmo, crp. 104-113), a ro je npema nexcemcxom mnnnmymy *tel -
'jacan, cnerao', n *(s)ter *(s)tel 'npocrpr, cnerao, nnan' mro n snaun nnnjcxn
Arpamon n cnonencxn Cnapor (y crapnnn ce 3arpe, npema Caapy, snao ''Copora'' -
Cnaporon rpa), cnnuno xernrcxom Telepinu xao oxancrny cnernocrn npema
ayroxronnm Subartu / Taalibanu n Xypnrnma n nnxnjancxom Tel(e)m-y. (ucmo, crp.
110) 111) Cneeha nornpa naneonnnrnncrnuxnx erpypcxo-cnonencxnx (nenamxnx)
nesa, nanasn ce y nojmy 'rpa'. Erpypcxn rononnm Cortona xopanxanan je ca
nnoenponcxnm *ghordho (orpaa, rpa) n cnonencxnm 'rpay', 'rpa'. p Crenan
Jocn]onnh y cymapnom nopojanany ernmonomxnx moryhnocrn xoje n sa onaj nojam
naxnne narnamana: ''onoehn ra y nesy ca nperpuxnm Gortyn, axa. g./okortys,
maxe. Gortynia, ]pnr. Gordia, rpau. Kardia n erp. Curtum (ry neponarno cnaa n
rononnm Corduba)'', xoncraryje npomnpyjyhn Fynmnpony resy xoje cne osnauyjy
'pnen rpa', onnxy apxnrexrype ynancxnx semaa nacynpor xamenoj apxnrexrypn
Menrepana. (Crenan Jocn]onnh, Hoea +uu+ena o uuooeeponcru+ fesu:ru+
cvncmpamu+a, Honn Ca, Iuu, xn. IV, 1959, crp. 105)
Xepooronn Cnrnnn, Heypn n Fynnn ca cnojom xcnnorexronnxom rnme cy
nnxe npnmaxnyrn, xao n nnxonn nporo-nnoenponcxn, onocno cpncxocnonencxn
xopenn. Cponocr erpypcxo-narnncxor nasnna sa ]pynama, Subulo n rpu. ooiy,
erp. suflu n o Byxa saenexenor cpncxor repmnna connnxa y snaueny nennxa
cnnpana, noxasana je o crenena nenrnrera sor ]opmarnna na '-lo' n rexnnuxor
snauena ']pyna'. To je snauajan oxymenr sa nornpy rnpcencxo-cnonencxnx nesa y
57
crapnnn, na xoje ce nacnanajy n repmnnn Conor, Conohann npema nsnopnma xojn
rproe n xnoxohy. (ma+o, crp. 133-138) Ernmonomxo ncrpaxnnane peun 'snaro'
nounna na mehyconoj nesn nenacrnuxo-rpuxnx peun 5ov0o n xouv:o ca
xnponnmom snaronocne pexe Ir\oo, Ioo, (lip3i), o mnnnmyma *ghoftos n
erp.-nar. Santerna n pacencxor zamthic, zamtik n cpncxn 'xyr' n 'xyna'. Tpojancxn
xnponnmn Kcanroc n Cxamanpoc ernmonomxn cy y nesn ca erp. samrxnx ''snaran'' n
onarnncxor santerna ca ocnonom y -'alta, olta', xao n 'senen, see', ann n npema
oxo - axap, npnenxacrn ron, jep oe pexe cam Xomep nmenyje 'ramno npnennm' n
'cpepnnx nnpona'.
Hocnene nornane Fynmnpone crynje Pelasto-Slavica sa namy remy
apxeorpa]nje Cpa jyroncroune Enpone onocn najnnme capxaja. Aprymenrannja y
npnnor erpypcxo-cpncxnx nesa n nen anannrnuxn pesynrar, noynpra je
pexoncrpyxnnjom y xojoj ce pasasnaje pymrnenn peunnx napoa y oxnacnuno oa
(repmnn Ceap), anxancxo-anaoncxe ceoe n rexnnuxa ocrnrnyha
xapaxrepncrnuna sa ono npeme. To ce onocn npe cnera na sannmnn n mnoro
pacnpanan nasnn sa nocexny cexnpy - 'labris', nosnary jom ns xpnrcxo-erejcxor
xynra. On ry peu onaja o nenacrnuxor labyrinthos n nesyje je sa orpuxy ennxnesy
ora Xepmeca - Hmpoc n Hmpacoc, nsnoehn je ns xopena saip /sip /simp y snaueny -
'nesarn, cnesarn', mro n oronapa Xepmonom n Hmoconom xapaxrepy uynapa n
canpaua craa (nacrnpa), xao n nesncrn nsmehy orona n yn n rymauy nopyxa. Ty
on nanon nenacrnuxn xopnxan Zibysthides (Cnncrn, rpauxn Cpn)
oxymenronan xo nexcnxorpa]a Xecnxnja, re cnmnoc, 'sipya', rampnoc y nopeheny
ca nar. 'simpulum, simpurium'. V aem cney nanohena Apncro]anon nspas
Ku3rpixo (i 45) onon y nesy ca cpncxocnonencxnm 'stmbera' n
'cnmep, cnmpo' (cnnuan rononnm onacrn Cemepnje), ca exnnnoxannjom
pymrnenor repmnna ceap n ocnaxenem xpos apan. 'smber' xao nomohnnx y
semopann n anr. 'bendra' y snaueny pymrno, connjerer. Hanasehn y Hrannjn nme
sa xornnny xoje rnacn Simbruium xojy unnn pexa Anno y onacrn Exna, on ra nonesyje
ca cp. cn. 'cnmep' n orpuxnm 'cnmnoc' (cy, ocrana, xom), raxo a y
onomacnonomxom norney oronapa namem 'xasan'.
Vcnehyje n xoncrarannja, xaxo: 'Hcro raxo ne moxe ce nnmra pehn o
npnnanocrn erpypcxor 'nomen gentile Sempronius', xoje axaemnx Omrnp ysnma y
osnp npn rymauey cnon. 'Simbru', 'ceap'. Fasa 'sambro', xoja ce npema rome moxe
camo nacnyhnnarn sa ernnx Ambrnes, nma oyme, cnor najnnxer cponnxa y
rpuxom emnnyrnncxom 'hapax legomenon amnion' (o crapnjer 'sambno'). Ona nesa
nnje esnauajna xaa ce sna a ce cmenyjy cy]nxcannn enemenrn 'ho/ro'. Hsnasn a ce
sa nam repmnn 'simbro' mopajy rpaxnrn noysannjn cponnnn. Hpema mnmeny
Rozwadowskog ro cy nnn 'Cimbri' xojn ce peonno janajy ca Amponnma n
Teyronnma, a no rome, ro n mornn nrn Knmepon xojn ce janajy n y anrnuxom
peunnxy cpennom V n. cr. e. (nnn - crp. 179) 3a nnx Fynmnp oesehyje naxan eo
cnoje nenacro-cnanncrnuxe anannse: ''Onnx Kimmerioi, na npema rome n npnen
'kimmerikos' nosnar je neh necnnxy Onceje xao n rpuxnm anaoncxnm xononnjama
neh nouerxom VII n. cr. e. anaoncxn onnnn nnxona nmena rnace 'Gimmirri' (na
nannnoncxnm cnomennnnma) n 'Gamer' (y Crapom 3anery).
Hpema Xposnom (Hist. de Asie Anter., 197), c nnma cy nohene ope oxo
Kapxemnma na ropnem Ey]pary neh no xpaj X n. cr. e. Ajcxnnona ynera 'Ianon'
58
nacynpor xomepcxoj 'Ano' (asa *saip-) nope xpononomxn neopehene rnoce
'Ziby(s)thides' (ncn. nar. xopnxan 'prspia') cneoue o npemencxoj n reorpa]cxoj
neyjenauenocrn ror nponeca. Ca rnm cranem cnaxe ce n ncnnosa y Xepmecony
nmeny Hmpoc n y xapcxoj rnocn imbo-''inmentum''. Ona ncnnosa, cnojcrnena
yocranom joncxnm n ajoncxnm ronopnma, ncro xao n Apncro]anon npnen 'kimberikos'
xojn nexn nsanaun es norpee npenpanajy y 'kimmerikos', ronope y npnnor name
xpononornje.
Ha ncrn saxyuax nac ynyhyje n Xecnxnjena rnoca i r ''mater
deorum'' unja remnnara 'mm' noxasyje pesynrar acnmnnannje crapnje rpyne 'mb'. Hme
ror ]pnrnjancxor oxancrna nanon na nomncao a je ocnona simb(e)ro - ''coniunctus,
socius''nocrojana neh, y anxancxoj nocrojnnn anaoncxnx upnra. To n snaunno a
cnon. pymrnenn repmnn 'simb(e)ro'- nma cemanrnuxn nnxe nexcnuxe cponnxe ne
camo y rpauxoj rnocn 'Ziby(s)thides' n y nar. 'prspia', nero n y pyrnm
nnoenponcxnm njanexrnma.'' (ucmo, crp. 186/187) ne peun sacnrypno nornuy ns
cnonencxor peunnxa, a ro je Hnnnnjena viverra - ''nenepnna'', xao n soonnm y rpuxom
''kauna'' (oxne n Apncro]anono \ (xynnhn): ''Hsnasn a je Apncro]an ono
n onaj xynrypnn repmnn npexo onor ncror nocpennxa npexo xojer je omao n repmnn
o. To cy rpauxa nnemena nsmehy Honra n ncrounnx Kapnara npexo xojnx cy
cnonencxa nacea y onacrn Tpnnoa jenno n morna a caopahajy ca rpuxnm
rpronnnma n xynrypnnjnm anxancxo-anaoncxnm jyroncroxom.'' (ucmo, crp. 188) V
jenoj pannjoj crynjn `Hpomoc.oeeucru u cmapoauaoo.cru Huooeepon+auu` (3op.
unn. ]ax. II, Fr., 1952, crp. 256),
Fynmnp je nonoom rnx nanasa nomano pnrnno n rpyo saxyuno:
Cnonencxa xpnmhancxa 'cemnna' norncnyna je crapnjy 'nernny', jep ce cpea
nanasnna nsmehy pyror n uernpror ana ror npemencxor nepnoa. O Crpaona
snamo a je Hnraropnna 'nernna', a cnaxaxo n r, npeysera o rpauxnx
nnemena, xoja cy no cnoj npnnnnn nna jyxnn cycen nporocnonencxnx nacea.
Hajcrapnjn Cnonennn saenexen y ncropnjn, no nmeny Fox, crajao je na ueny
nnemencxnx rnanapa xojnx je nno 72. To n ce morno ojacnnrn rnme mro je cynuana
ronna o 360 ana nmana 72 neee no 5 ana. Ona erpypcxo-cnonencxa
noyapnocr moxa nnje cnyuajna, nororono ne ona axo ne ocrane jenna. Kao mro
cmo nsnoxnnn, Fynmnp ce nsyserno norpyno a ona nesa ne ocrane jenna, a
naano n oarn a n y erpypcxom cnnaapnjymy rocnonna Pannoja Hemnha
npnnnxom emn]ponana 'nnnuannne' ncxauy rpn remena cnona - nama, enra n
an]a, xao po, an]a, cnrma nnn opnyro. Ha nnn HA(a) - 'vertumnus' nnn 'cap', 'pac',
nnn n xopenonn mnornx nama opo nosnarnx cpncxocnonencxnx peun. (P. Hemnh,
'Syllabarium Etruscum', Arezze, 1980, ''Scrittura di Vinca'', Milano, 1985; L'Origine
della scrittura Etrusca, Milano, 1985)
Bro ce nnrana nncmenocrn rnue, neh cmo pannje nanonnn noarxe o nnna-
pynama enncxona nrmapa, xao n Hoeeopoocru .emonuc (1208), na xome ce noxasyje
sannc-amaner crapnx cnonencxnx narancxnx xnexena, xao n 'uepre n pese' monaxa
Xpapa. Vnorpey mrannha ca yspesannm cnonnma cnomnne n Hesap xo rancxnx
pyna sa xoje ce npernocrana cnaxan yrnnaj rpuxo-napnapcxnx nacea y
Hoynany, oaxne nornuy n repmancxe pyne, maa cenepnnje xa onacrn Honra.
Paonn r. Pannoja Hemnha ocnonenn cy na one penne nsnemraje ns xojnx npny
cnary sa emn]ponane Bnnuancxor nncma, mro nam caa nnje rema.
59
Axo ncmo cnenn n caxenn naneeny aprymenrannjy o xoje cmo crnrnn
cneehn ncrpaxnnana Mnnana Fynmnpa, morno n a ce saxyun cneehe: Henacrn
cy nporonnoenponcxn napo ynyrap unjer oxpyxena onranajy n cpncxn Cnonenn
xao Hporocnonenn. Ca rom cy sajennnom onn y mnxcornornjn, a ro mehycono
jesnuxo npoxnmane ycranonana nm nenrnrer y ncroj mepn, y xojoj noxasyje n a
nm je nocrojnna one Hoynane, xao n Honenapcxo 3axanxasje o y yoxy
crapnny. O onoj nesn Cpa n Cnonena ca Henacrnma nmamo nornpe y apre]axrnma
marepnjanne xynrype (xoje je npnn nsnoxno ca orxpnhem Bnnuancxe nnnnnnsannje
Mnnoje M. Bacnh), a Fynmnp je napounro ncrnnao onacr meranyprnje, nojne n
rpnuapcxe nnycrpnje nesane sa nme Knmepa n Cnrnna, ro jecr Cnmepa, Cemepa,
Ceapa nnn Cpaa, xao n nnonnnauxa nnn poapcxa ymeha nesana sa nme Heypa
nnn Haypa pooreua, raxohe cpncxo-cnonencxor nnemena, xojnma rpea npnpyxnrn
apxnrexrypy y xcnnorexronnnn xo Ba]apnxonnx Fynna n nncmenocr Hemnhennx
n Bacnhennx Bnnuanana (Cnrnna-Knmepa-Cemepa) xaxo ce unnn nsrnennm, ys
ocrane mane nosnare nenamxe cyncrpare. Ona nnnuancxa, onocno nenamxa xynrypa,
y xojy cnaa n cnonencxa nnnnnnsannja, jecre nporonnoenponcxa n ayroxrona y
Crapoj Enponn.



























60
III

Cpncxn c1apnnnn xao nocnonn noynancxe xyn1ype


1. Cunnana nnannna na anxancxnu npoc1opnua xao cnonencxn
Onnun

Anrnuxn Onnmn rpuxnx orona nanasn ce na cenepy Ipuxe n sa nerony
cryeny xnnmy na nnconnma, xojn cy uecro noxpnnenn cnerom, nnn ce rye y
nsmarnnnama onaxa, nesan je oxancxn xnnor xome ra xnnma ne cmera. V ncrom
npanny npema cenepy nanase ce, no npeany, n naxenn Xnnepopejnn c pyre
crpane oxancxor Hcrepa nnn ynana, xao cnojenpcne rpannne nosnanana cnera
xenencxnx nnnxa. Kaxo cy npema naponoj necmn, xojy je y crynjn O cpncro+
epxoeuo+ ooev axnenrnpao ns nepcnexrnne crape cpncxocnonencxe nepe Becennn
uajxanonnh, a cy cnenn (cyncrnryrn cnonencxnx narancxnx oxancrana) pxann
caop na Cmnann nnannnn, najnehoj nnannnn na cnnjery, Mnnan Fynmnp je
pexonrpyncao ns ror marepnjana mnrcxn apxernn oxancxe nnannne, opahajyhn
napounry naxny na ]nronnm cmn n cmne, yyhn o cnnne, naxnocrn y nexnjama
nnn ocpmrnnm openma n xynry npeaxa. Vnpano onaj ]nronnm ca nonmennm
cnojcrnnma n unnn npnnnaunnm nnannny na xojoj ce crane yme xepoja n oxancxa
nha. Kaxo je n nasnn nnannne na xojoj je cenmre rpuxnx orona - Onnmn, sanpano
nenamxor nopexna n camnm rnme nnje nsononano rpuxn, moxe ce ycnocrannrn
nmencxn nenrnrer re ne nnannne, xao mro cy n 'nnnae nana' ananorne xao rsn.
'pajcxe nnnae' ca cnonencxnm ncroojennm pynonncrom. Pajcxe nnnae xao nnerna
noa na xojnma ce nanase nsyserna oxancxa nha n yme npemnnynnx xepoja, jecy
npennne sa norne (omnnanra snarno-xyhxacre oje npnjarecrna) n ca
xnnmarcxnm onrnmymom, oaxne nosnara nspexa 'ronno x'o y pajy'.
To 'cnerno n ronno mecro', noceno omneno mehy oronnma, n norono sa
omop yma mprnnx xepoja, samnmano je xao xpyr nnn oxpyrna crannmra ca cryom
y nenrpy, xoja ce janajy 'n xo crapoanxancxnx Hnnpa', xao n a 'n cnonencxa
npecrana o nenrpannoj nnannnn npenocrana a je xocmoc samnmen xao oxpyrao
nomacxn marop ca crynom y cpennn', a raxohe n npecrana cncrcxnx nepnra nnn
'Hanna cnera' na roj nenrpannoj nnannnn. V onacrn cnercxnx nepnra cmemrena je
nnnuancxa nnnnnnsannja n nen xynrnn xapaxrep cexe n no xacnnjem npeany o
''naxennm xnnepopejnnma'' n noroner cnonencxor paja.
26


26
H ro je nen HPHJ n ramo reue pexa xoja onaja Cnapry o Jana n oronn ns poja pauynajy ane n
xaxy Fory (Cnapory) xa rpea a ye oxancxn an n xa rpea a ye noh 'Benec xnnra',
Hsenex, Pennep, npema Fopnc Pennep, 'Xnnor n pennrnjn Cnonena npema nnec xnnsn',
Feorpa, 1996., c. 48. Jenaxo raxo, nnme je nero sannmnno rpojenncrno npxonnor oxancrna xoje ce
nasnna n npnn rpnrnan, sa xojn ce xaxe: 'Bennxa je rajna xaxo ro Cnapor nna y ncro npeme n Hepyn n
Cnenronn, jep oojnna cy nnaapn na ney.' (ucmo. c. 45) For Cneronn nauenno ocmnmana ernuxe
npnnnnne onuajnor npana xao cmncna sa npany - ncrnny: Vsnocnmo cnany ora Cnenronna, jep on
je or Hpana n Jana, nemy nenamo xnmne, jep on je cnernocr xpos xojy moxemo a ocernmo cner xojn
nnnmo n ocranemo y jany. On nac uyna o nana n y nerony cnany nrpamo n nenamo, npnsnnamo namer
61
Mnnan Fynmnp nocnerno je n reonnmy Cnapor noceny pacnpannny - Cnapor-
Xennoc ('3oopuur paooea o A.ercauopv Be.uhv', Feorpa, 1976), re je noysano
yrnpno nexcemcxn mnnnmym 'cnap', xojn ce noxnana ca ocnonom sy* xao nynrom, a
ca* xao nynom. Ko Xecnxnja je nsnamao 3poi o0ooi ('Suoroi = Sol = Cynne),
xoje cenepnauxe oun mory a yy n cnernocnn rparonn 'cynuanor nyra' (Tpyauon),
xao n one jom xo Bacnha na nnnuancxoj xepamnnn anocrpo]npane 'mncrnune oun'
ocnerena n npocnernrecrna xao xoncrarannje o 'npncycrny snana'.
Hpomanmn rpnonnr nyr parnnxa xojn je npoxnneo n npexnneo noxo cpncxe
nojcxe npexo Hpoxnernja y nonnaueny npema jyry, Pacrxo Herponnh je ncxycno rsn.
'nejny ramnnny' raxo mro my ce ornopno norne sa snauaj n ye snauene
xapaxrepa cnonencxnx oxancrana, r.j. nenn mnorosnaunn nspasn y mnry n pennrnjn.
He xaxe nn jena penna monnrna o ory ope n xasne ono, mro n mopano a ron
ocernnoj ymernnuxoj ymn xoja je npomna ronnxa crparnmra H nhemo saxnannn
ory Hepyny, rocnoapy rpoma n ory nrxe n ope, xojn ne npecraje a noxpehe
xpyr nacrajana xnnnx nha n xojn nac non crasama npanenocrn y opy n y nennxy
Tpnsny, n cnaxn onaj xojn je nao, xojn onasn y neunn xnnor, unnn eo Hepynonor
craa. Hncnnpannja pennom roremcxom xnnornnom ns crapocpncxor xynra npeaxa
nyxom, nonrna je xo nera crnapanauxy remneparypy n omoryhnna my a ncnena
necmy xoja y cen nocn cnaxan ocehaj ocnoohena (Byx III):

Ja snam mnora nha one, xoja npnnaajy pyrome
snesanom xony:
Kone xojn ce xpehy, xpos noh, oxo pyrora nexor cynna;
Ja snam nnanera-yn xojn yrnny y nenspxnnom ony
Bro ne rneajy saxon cnoj nn ca jenor npxynna:
Ja snam meceuape n cynuape xoje npnnnaun rajnn nexn
spax y noh-
Hnxaxna cnara nehe nx sapxarn sa ony semy uyny,
Kaa nx npnnyue xpyxena nnxonor saxoncxor moh...

3anncn o crapoj cnonencxoj n crapocpncxoj pennrnjn ouynann cy y ocxynnm n
neoma cnanm nprama, re je sa nnxono nsyuanane necnrypan, ann saro ayrenrnuan
memo]on xojn moxe a npyxn nepoocrojne noarxe - ycmeno npeane n
]onxnopncrnxa. Ha nexe rparone xaxo je ra pennrnja nsrneana nannasnmo n y crapnm
sanncnma, nonyr onnx ns Pycnje y npeme Bnanmnpa Cnjarocnannua (XI nex). V
'Hoeecmu epe+euux .em', axne panocpenenexonnoj xponorpa]njn xaxe ce: a ye
npoxner o Fora n Hepyna xo npexpmn cnojy saxnerny, a na pyrom mecry a cy ce
parnnnn saxnnnann cnojnm opyxjem n Hepynom orom cnojnm n Bonocom, cxorjnm
orom. (Hon. CPH, 2-ns., T. 1., 1926) V Knjeny je 980. r. xnes Bnanmnp nocranno
ncnpe cnoje nanare xnnone Hepyna ca snarnom paom n cpepnom xocom, Cnapora n

ora, jep on unpcro pxn semy, name cynne n snese y cnernocrn. Eno name cpne rpnse canecr n mn
ce ycyhyjemo a npnsnamo name nome nocrynxe, e a ncmo noxpnnnn xa onnm opnm. (ucmo, c. 45).
3a aora, cnna `Cnapora cnennmner`, nesana je cnonencxa nosa n xynr npeaxa ns conapnor acnexra
nonomxor cyncrpara Axo ne pannmo cnojy semy, nncmo ocrojnn a yemo ynynn axora.
Ann, axo ympemo sa cnojy omonnny, raa hemo nrn npann ynynn axora. (ucmo, c. 47)

62
aora nr., a raxohe n y Honropoy. 3a ro snamo ns nnsa nsnopa xojn ronope o
Hepynonom oxancrny y nesn ca ynnmrananem neronnx xnnona, xoje cnyxn xao
oxas npnxnarana nonoynoehe pennrnje xpnmhancrna. Hpema ce y ayrenrnunocr
B.ec rnuee cymna xao y oxymenr xojn crojn ycamen y panom enerom nexy
cnonencxe nncmenocrn, nnax naa a naneemo mncao ca amunne 21 y peonnma 2-8,
xoja y nemy nonoom one reme naxn: Carpannn cmo sa name orone cxponnmra,
oxpyxena xpacronnm snonnma, uecro nocrpyxnm. Ty cmo uynann nnxone namnx
orona. uynann cmo nx mnoro y Honropoy, na penn Bonxon, nmann cmo nx y
Bonnnnjn yecxoj n y Cyporn, na nnanom mopy. Bennxa je ynpea sa nac n ro mro
cy mecra y xojnma cmo uynann name orone npenymrena namnm nenpnjarenma re
namn oronn caa nexe y npamnnn, jep Pycnhn nemajy xpapocrn a oone
nenpnjarey.
Ko nac je sapxan nasnn sa nner 'nepynnxa', sajeno ca nrorcxnm naponnm
neponanem a ce 'ne naa xpcrnrn' xaa rpom yapa. H xao mro xponnxe ns X nexa,
3enca ns rpuxor rexcra, osnauanajy no cnonencxnm nmenom - Hepyn, raxo ce n
xpamonn nocnehenn 3ency na npxonnma pa npenmenyjy y xpamone nocnehene Cn.
Hnnjn. Hcro raxo n 'cxorjn or' Benec nnn Bnec, nna cyncrnryncan sa Cn. Bnaca nnn
Fnaxa, xao nacrnpa n samrnrnnxa croxe xo nac, ann n y Hesapejn y Kanaoxnjn. V
nemy je Becennn uajxanonnh nneo oconne cnojcrnene oxancxom nocpennxy
nsmehy orona n yn - Xepmecy, nnn repmancxom Boany (uajxanonnh, B., O
cpncro+ epxoeuo+ ooev, Fr., 1941., crp. 25-26) Bro ce camor nmena Boan rnue, ono
xao a je nsneeno o cnonencxor 'noha' n rnarona 'nonrn', ca unme n morno a ce
pasymena y snaueny nohe n nojnoe, xao mro n craporepmancxo npxonno oxancrno
Onn najneponarnnje nna nmenonano npema cemanrnnn poja jean. Mnmene
Hanna Jocn]a Ba]apnxa a cy mypn yn n oronn nopnjcxnx napoa nmnn y
semy Bana (Cenepnnx Cpa) a ce ramo nsopase n onncmene, xao a nnje es
ocnona c osnpom na naneene reonnmnje, xao n na ocrane anrponoreo]pa]cxe
enemenre xojn na raxny nesy yxasyjy. V Fyrapcxoj je y X nexy npeneena Xpouura
ceema o Jonana Manane, a y crapom pycxom npenncy onor npenoa, cpennom XIII
nexa, xaxe ce xaxo je nocne cmprn ueocra (Xe]ecra) snanor Cnapor, nnaao neron
cnn Cynne, snann axor. O XIV o XVI nexa yuecrano ce y raxnnm cnncnma
nonana Cynne nap, cnn Cnaporon, ro jecr axor, ynyhyjyhn n monnrne orny
xojer sony Cnapoanh. Teonnmnjy sa 'Cnapor' Mnnan Fynmnp je cmarpao nsneenom
o opcxor Xennoca, mro n nne nexe 'cenepne oun', nnn nax ncro mro n necxn
neecnnx 'svargah'. Hpema B.ec rnusu npnn nnn nennxn Tpnrnan (rpojenncrno
crapemnna), caunnanajy oronn Cnapor, Hepyn n Cneronn, na ce na rannnn p. 11,
unra: Xnannmo Cnapora, ey orona, jep je on nauennnx oxancxor nnemena n
nopexno cnnx neunnx nsnopa xojn rexy nern, n ne mpsny nnxaa. Onaj xojn nnje ry
noy nhe nanojen nom o ana xaa hemo ohn xao neronn y onnne neecxnx
ropa.
Tannna p. 30 orxpnna nam samncao nennuancrnenocrn Cnaporone npnpoe n
cacnnm jacno noxasyje jenncrnenocr nornea na oxancxy npnpoy: H xa n
nocrojao nexn nsmehy nac, xojn n y sanyn pojao orone, xenehn a nx onojn o
Cnapora, rpeano n a ye npornan ns nnemena, jep mn nemamo orona nsnan
Cnapora, y xome cy cnn npecranenn, nomro je or jean n jenncrnen y mnoxnnn, n
ne enn ce, n nnxo ne moxe a rnpn a nmamo nyno orona; jep npxonnn ynasn y nac
63
n mn hemo nrn nera ocrojnn.
27
Beh cmo ncraxnn a ce a nnern xaxo je Cnapor
oran aoron xojn npecrana conapno, npeapnjencxo oxancrno sa xoje Becennn
uajxanonnh xaxe: O aory nocrojann cy, sa npeme narannsma, n oxancxn mnronn;
on je no rnanna nnunocr y unrannm nnxnycnma naponnx encxnx necama. ocra o
rora cauynano je o anamner ana, camo, pasyme ce, ca pannonanncrnuxnm
nsmenama, n y ]opmn xoja ce npnnaronna nonnm npnnnxama. Hnunocr aorona y
rnm necmama cxpnnena je, npennauena o ror crenena a ce jena moxe npenosnarn...
(O cpncro+ epxoeuo+ ooev, Feorpa, 1941., crp. 146-147)
anexo npe onnx uajxanonnhennx pasmnmana, pasnno je Anexcanap
uamnnnn, pycxn mysnxonor n anrponoreorpa], nnemnh y napcxoj cnyxn, cnojy
pexoncrpyxnnjy naxnocrn Cnaporonor xynra: Bemy, es cymne, xao rnannom ory,
ejame nocnehen xon xojn ce pxao npn xpamy, npema unjem cy xperany cnemrennnn
xpama rarann n casnanann noy oxancrna. V nesn ca npnpoom crnapn sa ora cynna
(Cnapoxnha) nmno je n npeane, no xome, xaa je npernna a ce npomnpn mehycona
opa, ns mopa je, na py na xome je crajao nmenonann xpam, nsnasno orpomnn
nenap, ca ennm emrannm xonama, n xperao ce no py xoje je nopxranano, ys
crpannune norpece rna. Cxynnrype orona xpama y Perpn, a ry je neponarno ypojana
n cxynnrypa rnannor ora Cnapor/nh/a, nne cy oenene y mnemone n nannnp, n
nmane cy cnecrneno, nojnnuxn xapaxrep. To je c osnpom na ora cynna cacnnm
npnpono, yyhn a ce o najpannjnx npemena, xo. najneher poja apnjcxnx napoa,
npecranao xao parnnuxo oxancrno, xao noeonocnn pasnjau rame n snnx
yxona. Fojenn xapaxrep Cnapoxnha oxasyje ce n rnme, mro je y cnernnnmry, re je
on nrpao npnencrneny ynory, uynano n snamene xoje ce nsnocnno ns xpama camo y
npeme noxoa.'' (A. uamnnnn, Boraucmea opeeuux C.oeeua, Canxr-Herepcypr,
1884., crp. 173) Cjajnn moepnn nnnrnncra unja je nacnja anrponoreorpa]nja,
neanno je sa reonnm Cnapora nanncao cneehe: Hnonannjom-nosajmnnom y cxnrcxo
oa noxasyje ce n cnon. *Cnapor, unja je npnnanexnocr sa xynr cynna, a raxohe
cauynanocr ''-c-'' ernmonomxn osnoana jenno npnxnarane ernmonornje ns cr. npan.
*Svarga 'neo' (xao 'cynuann nyr')... onono je a ce nanee cnonencxn reonnm
*Cnapor n nemy oronapajyhn craponnnjcxn (nasnn) Svarga 'neo'. Ha raj naunn
nponenyje ce nnonpancxo ynarane y cnonencxy repmnnonornjy n npacnonencxy
reonnmnjy, mro camo no cen xapaxrepnme panan rnx onpa ... (H. O. Tpyauon,
Emuoeeuesa u rv.mvpa uafcmapufux C.oeeua, Mocxna, 1991., crp. 41)
Fyyhn a xo Cpa, apem npema moryhnm oanemrennma, nema nexnx
napounrnx rparona o Cnaporonom xynry, xao nn y onomacrnuxnm sapmxama (npema
Caapenom cnanoncxom peunnxy, 3arpe ce y pnmcxo oa snao Copora, rj.
Cnaporono mecro), nsrnea a je nerono ncrpennane y naponom memo]ony
ycmennx npeana ycneno. Moryhe je a ce crnap nprn n oxo connjannor nponema
monoramnje, xojn je on no npeannma saxrenao a ce ynee y 'cnonencxom pajy', mro
xoncraryje na cnoj naunn Pacrxo Herponnh. Hanme, ns nexnx crapnx nsnopa je
nn]opmncan a ce: cam axor opexao saxona cnor ona Cnapora, re y pajy nnme
nnxo na nera ne nomnma.
28
Cnaxaxo, nocrojn n pyrn nyr xojnm n mornn a ce

27
Hano npema rexcry npeneenom y sopnnxy Catena mundi. Fr.. 1992. Fopnc Peennep,
'Xpuuhaucmeo u Be.ecoea rnuea'.

28
Pacrxo Herponnh, Bvp.ecra eocnoouua Hepvua ooea epo+a, Feorpa 1974., crp. 16.
64
cycpernemo ca npnpoom onnx anno cxpajnyrnx n rorono saopanennx nmena. Bera
je nnayrypncao Mnnan Fynmnp cnojom erno-nnnrnncrnuxom pacnpanom sacnonanom
na 'jasnuecrny' (=nannonanno-nnnrnncrnuxom, narancxom oxnnpy) Henasra n
Cnonena, enexehn n naxne erae: 3or rpuxnx xopanxana Aoig n o(ro1r|p
osnoena je n ]onercxn nornyno onpanana npnnanocr nmena a(j)or n a(j)6a6e
(cnnrynap!) nexcnuxoj rpynn dies, Tin, Juppiter n r.. ... Hsnecenom rymaueny
jyxnocnonencxor oxancxor napa ajor - ajae npornnn ce rpannnonanno yuene
cnonencxnx mnronora, no xojnma cy aor, ajor, axor (o nmeny ajae ne
ronopn nn jean o nnx) y.nesn ca rnaronom 'arn'. Taxo ce sa a(j)ora onuno xaxe
a je 'crapo cnonencxo oxancrno cynna xoje aje cny naroar.' Ony ]nnonomxy
nnrepnperannjy nnycrpyje Becennn uajxanonnh xomepcxnm nspasom o1op eaon
'dator bonorum " '. Hpnrom ce onuno ncrnue cxnarane, roox napono, no xome je
jyxnocnonencxn a(j)or xao xroncxo oxancrno nenpnjarecxn pacnonoxen npema
oxancrny nea n cnernocrn. Hexn nne y rome ocrarax mannxejcxor onocno
oromnncxor yannsma (n. A. Brckner, Mitologja Slowianska, 58). Jacno je a je ona
npornnpeunocr npnnnna n a je onuna n pasymnna nocnenna xpnmhancxe
erponnsannje narancxnx xonxypenara, no xojoj je a(j)or nocrao xpoun ao n
npocr cnnonnm sa hanona. H Vasmeru (Russ. El. Wrtb., I, 326), axor je 'Spender des
Wohlstandes' n es osnpa na C1pnora n Cxo1nj-ora.
29

Onnunn Kapamsnn nnje nponycrno npnnnxy a ncraxne xaxo ce cnonencxo
oxancrno yann n cpehe cnann o 25. maja o 25. jyna, a or xerne ca noxennma
narpn - Kynano, 23. jyna n Koneo xao or mnpa 24. enempa. Cnaxaxo, aor n ce
cnanno raxohe xpajem enempa n nouerxom janyapa (nam mann or, oxnh xojn
'ara', yapa na npara, nma xapaxrepncrnxe xe]ecroncxnx xpomocrn n r), uemy y
npnnor ny oxnhne cneuanocrn n oxancxa npocnanana ca noxenem xpacra-
anaxa. Fanane opaxa no yrnonnma coa n cranane cname ncno co]pe ynyhyjy na
'xynr mprnnx' n ouexnnana cenonnrnx npnsopa, ann ys nnx ny n pasnonpcna
sasnnana xoja npare xee sa 'ymnoxananem nara' n ycnemnom nnonomhy, re n
cnoje nnnoxarnnno mecro morna a nahe n crapocpncxa ajae. Mnnan Fynmnp nnje
nponycro npnnnxy a, casnanmn sa uynenn rononnm nope Horopnne - ajae -,
oa n cnojy pexoncrpyxnnjy naneornoronomxnx cnojcrana ror nmena, a rnme n
nnxe pacnernn nerony npany npnpoy. Onomacnonomxnm aprymenrnma on je
noxymao a pasneje necpehna cxnarana xoja cnoja yrounmra nanase y yonom, ann
saro ne n mane sacnenenom xpnny xpnmhancxe (yrnannom npanocnanne) ormarnxe:
V namem cnyuajy ce n pan ynpano o ano]onnjn, jep sa Bechtelovu emenannjy
ronopn ne camo ennpcxn xnponnm Dodo xojn nma ncronernor cponnxa n na
anrcxo-cnonencxom npocropy, nero n rononnm Dodona n Dotion a nororono nnnpcxn
Dei-patros n rpuxn 3ac (o crapnjera Di-ant-s) xojn cy ounrneno xopanxannn ca
npnnm cnorom y namem oroncxom napy ajor / ajae.
H nope ocxynnx noaraxa, oxancxa nmena a(j)or n ax()or, unjy nesy
ca conapnnm Cnaporom nonnaue cnn crpyunann, mory ce y cmncny nperxonnx
nanohena cnecrn na sajennuxn apxernn onocno nexcnuxn mnnnmym - dei-, nnn, ca
peynnnxannjom deid- xoja je yrnphena y craponnnjcxom, rpuxom n nnnpcxom. Taxo


29
Mnnan Fynmnp, Pelasto-Slavica, 3arpe, JA3V, xn. 306,1956., crp. 84-85.

65
ce n onnx ax()or, nmajyhn y nny nerony nesy ca Cnaporom, cacnnm neno moxe
nsnecrn o crapnjer Doi-d-io-, ox je nepeynnnxonana yra asa cauynana y onnxy
ajor (o crapnjeron-o-, ncn. xpaj: xpoj: nar. crevi).
Ha onaj ce naunn namn aor n ajae ocnoahajy cnoje ocaamne
ycamenocrn n nnxona nesa ca nncrannm Cnaporom (-, sol nr.) nocraje
cacnnm jacna n npnpona. Ann ne camo ro. Hpema nsnecenom rymaueny cnonencxn
anenarnn din- n enomnnarnn nnnrn ce nmajy y erpypcxnm xopanxannnm n
ncronernnm opasonannma Tnn(na) n rnn(p) ''mecen" (ncn. luna < louxna ''nncrana'')
cnoje najnnxe cponnxe. anexo je mehyrnm naxnnje, a n cam Jynnrep ca cnojom
ennxnesom Dianus xao n neronn ocrann nnoenponcxn cponnnn y rpuxom,
nnonpancxom, nnnpcxom n repmancxom, nma cnor nnnrnncrnuxor n xynrcxor
cponnxa y namem aory n ax()ory ... ounrneno je a ce ona oxnacnuna
nexcnuxa rpyna ne moxe es napounrnx pasnora onojnrn o cnojnx nnoenponcxnx
cponnxa, n ro rnm rexe mro neh n cam Kretschmer mncnn a cy najnnxn
nnoenponcxn cponnnn, percxo-rnpcencxn Henasrn ns onacrn cenepno o ropner
ynana, neh y pyroj nononnnn rpeher mnnennja npexo sananor Fanxana xpenynn
npema Menrepany n Anaony. Hpema nemy onn Henasrn unne ca najcrapnjnm
nnoenponannma noceny nnnrnncrnuxy rpyny xojy on sone
nporonnoenponcxom.
30

Onaj 'nporonoenponcxn xonrexcr' npernocrana a je pennn cnonencxn or
Bn nnn Cneronn ]axrym onomacnonomxe nnnnnnsannje ennenrnocrn nnn npexo
npenoca cemanrema npo]nnennx xapaxrepncrnxa nojma cnerna najoe xynrno
npnxnahen xao conapnn Cnapor nnn neron cnn aor. 3amncao nsnopnor paja raxo
ne n o noennx crnxnja: H ro je nen HPHJ, n ramo reue pexa xoja onaja Cnapry
o 1an-a, n oronn ns poja pauynajy ane n xaxy xa rpea a ye oxancxn an, n
xa rpea a ye noh. /Haneenn nnrar nanasn ce y Bnec xnnsn - Hsenex,
Pajxnnep sqq/. Kapaxrepncrnuan nasnn Cnapra ymecro Cnapor nnn Cnapyn,
ynosopanao n na nesy ca nnnjcxnm nojmom sa neo, xao n oxancxnm anenarnnom sa
neecnnxa. Ca rnme n ornana n cymnnuanocr r. Mncnana Jexnha: Temxohe y
nonesnnany Cnapor ca cnap y nnoeyponcxome - l- npema cnanencxome -r-(y
nnonpancxome ooje naa y -p-), axo ce y cnanencxome ne pan o nocyhennnn. Ho
xaxo ce pan o xerepoxnnrnoj ocnonn, morna n ce ocrannrn ornopenom moryhnocr sa
noyapnocr xoja je capxajno npno nnaysnnnna... ( Jexnh, Mncnan: Peeeocru
xu+uu, 3arpe, 1987., crp. 35)/ Cnapra je one nonmana xao neecxa onacr, sa
pasnnxy o nosemapcxe, a ce nspasnmo xomeponcxnm peunma, a ero, n pexa xoja
enn re onacrn onrnue ramo xao y nnsnjama cnomenyror necnnxa, neponarno
nenpenasnhenor ncrounnxa sa nopexno anxancxnx onuaja, n nennxor nosnanaona n
npocnannnaua cnera no cnperom ocnonnnx cnna yann n cmprn. Cnonencxn paj,
npnj, nopasymena pasnoxnocr no xojoj n oronn reopernmy y xnnmaronomxoj
maremarnnn, a ro ronno n nnaxno mecro ca xnnmarcxnm onrnmymom sa orone n
rennje nnn xepoje, nonpnnnuno je epornuno n necnyrano onrepehennma
cxonacrnuxnx npepacya o onocy yme n rena, eneprnje n marepnje, rsn.
nopounocrn n mopannocrn.
Knas n Bnanxa Hpnoj Iopn - Herap II Herponnh Berom, xome cy nnrana
cmncna nocrojana uonexonor na semn mpcnna ymy, npema je mopao n nnme nero

30
ibidem, crp. 85-86.
66
mro n ro nerona npnpoa xenena a ce npana y oprooxcnocrn (y jenom rpenyrxy,
xaa my je cnounranano a nopxana nennxor rennja Byxa Kapaunha, mopao je a ce
npana raxo mro je nposnnao pyror nennxor rennja - ocnreja Opaonnha, sa
nerony npanonepnocr ormama npanocnana), y camohn n onojenocrn ncnenanao
moxa n najnenme crnxone xojn cy nnn crnapanauxn oronopn na raxne yxonne
nemnpe. Hpn xpajy najycnennjer n yjeno najmnper no samaxy neronor cnena - Hv:a
+urporos+a, cmorao je cnare a cnaxno sanena, caunnanajyhn xomnpomnc xojn
sacnrypno narancxom cnonencrny nnje namepanao a nayn, a nmajyhn y nny ony
uonexony npnonrny npnpoy npe naana y rpex n ryena ncxoncxnx snana,
Berom je sanenao:

O nennnn cnnonn npnpoe,
o mypocrn npocra najcjajnnja!
o pohena cnnjera ncrnnora,
Bn npecpernn noxnonnnn cynna!
Bn cre njepnn neecnn cnnonn,
nac cnjernna nyue xnnornopne
noce x rnopny, nyuax ncrounnxy:
nyuje cjajna orocnonnja nam,
nyu nam xeprny y neo ynon,
nyu nam rnopna ocnjerana ymy!

(Herap II Herponnh, Berom,
Hv:a +urporos+a, VI, 251-260)

Bro ce reme cnonencxor Onnmna rnue, ona je y mnronomxoj reorpa]njn npexo
nojma aa nonesana ca 'aynnma n annama narapencxnm', ro jecr oromnnnma n
nnxonnm nonoxajem y cpenonexonnoj Cpnjn. Horpnn nasnn sa Forymnne -
'aynn', yxasyje na nnxony nesy ca xynrom Fae, ajae, onocno Bennxe Majxe,
xojn je nosnarnjn no nmenom Knene: Cne ro snaun a y ayncxnm crnapnma
nmamo xynrcxn cnnxpernsam crapocnonencxnx enemenara ca crapoanxancxnm n
xpnmhancxnm, cnnxpernsam na xojn cy oprooxcne npxne Hcroxa n 3anaa yapnne
neuar cnaxe n cnaxojaxe jepecn. (M. Fynmnp, Ba.raucru ucmo:uuu, Feorpa,
1969., crp. 190) Baa npnmernrn a sor nponsnonnx ncxpnnanana cneror
npeana n oxancxnx yuena Cneror Hncma, raj neuar nnax nnje nesacnyxen. Onn cy,
npema Fynmnpy rajnnn n xynr pennor oxancrna Cynna, xojn rex xacnnje xo Ipxa
onasn y mnronomxy nesy ca Anononom n Mnrpom roxom 15 n. cr. c. y 3axanxasjy, a
pecraypncao ra je Jynnjan Anocrara, ynyhyjyhn my monnrny sajeno ca nennxom
ornnom Knenom, rj. Kyaom, a xo oromnna ce nanasn na nnxonnm crehnnma xao
'ncx cpenne', cnmonnmyhn cnernocr. Onn anrnuxn n narancxn pennxrn, no
mnmeny Annne Cannh-Pean, nporonopnnn cy jom jenom y nennxom cneny Hv:a
+urporos+a Herpa II Herponnha Beroma. Cnaxaxo a ona pomanrnuapcxa
nperepnnana nncy camo nenoysana, nero n nerauna, jep cy mnronomxe cexnenne xo
Bnanxe Paa camo nnycrparnnnn marepnjan opehene ]nnoco]nje npnpoe xoja
npxynn y Orxpnneny y nojann Forouonexa Hcyca Xpncra, npenaror rnxor
yunrea y ncropnjn. 3annmnno je n rnenmre a je noxannja xnnepopejcxnx
67
npocropa nesana sa xapnarcxo-noynancxe onacrn, re a cy 'Cnercxe nepnre' (Catena
mundi), re je cmemrena n Cmnana-nnannna, sanpano npenosnarnne. Cnenmo nn
rparane n saxyuxe Mnnana Fynmnpa, xojn ce neponarno najosnnnje nosaanno
onnm nnranem, nnehemo a cy ro npocropn nporo-nnoenponcxe nnnnnnsannje
Bnnuancxe xynrype ca Crapuenom n Henencxnm nnpom, o xojnma je anno nncao
Mnnoje M. Bacnh xao o cejaunma nonnconor xynra n nomronana omarpoca nesanor
sa ycene n nponsnohene xnra. Fynmnp, nanme, xaxe: Xecnoonnm n Xomeponnm
necrnma o Xnnepopejnnma npemencxn je najnnxn cnaxaxo Xexarej ns Mnnera, xojn
neh xpajem VI nexa cr. e. nomnne cenepny Arnanrny, ann je ne nexe sa nerenapne
Xnnepopejne nero sa ennrpa]cxn oxymenronane Kimmeroi (o xojnma n. Quaestio de
Neuris Cimmeriisque). Ono naxno oanemrene yryjemo Crpaony (Ieorp., 229) xojn
je cam poom ns Honra, na je raxo pehn uonex c repena. Ha rom mecry nomnne
Crpaon n Pnnajcxe Hnannne n Orarnon opoc, cne onacrn y xojnma xao na
Arnanrnn espnxno xnne npanennnn, xojn ne snajy nn sa xaxne pymrnene xnace,
nn sa xaxan nanop nnn opy, jenom peun oe nero camn Onnmnnjnn xojn cranno
mopajy nrn cnpemnn sa nnrepnennnje. Beh je necnnx n nncan Hnnjae (13,6) y
xapnarcxo-ynancxoj onacrn cmecrno Abioi, xoje sone najnehnm npanennnnma
( ) n xoje nexn nenrn]nxyjy ca xepooronnm ''cxnrcxnm
nomanma''. To snaun n a je najcrapnja xenencxa rpannnja rpaxnna y roj onacrn,
xojoj npnnaa n (cnonencxo) Tpnnoe, ono mro ce anac sone jennm nmenom
''Vronnja''. Xexarej je ry cmecrno cnojy Knmmepnc nonnc, xa cy xenenncrnuxn nncnn
raxan rpa snann Xennononnc, on. Civitas solis, xaxo ro npenon Kamnanena. H
Xepooronn Xnnepopejnn mopajy nmarn cnoj rpa, yyhn a nac Xepoor, cacnnm
opeheno oanemrana a cy nparnonn xojn ny ca enojxama na ocrpno en, nnn
xnnepopejcxn rpahann. Onnmn n Cmnana Hnannna n Fanxan xao catena mundi,
npema rome mopajy nrn y nexom nenrpy, a Pnnajcxe Hnannne, Arnanrna,
Xnnepopejcxn n Kimmeris polis na nno xom xpajy cnera.'' (M. Fynmnp: Ca
C.oeeucroe O.u+na, 3op. unn. ]ax. y Feorpay, 1957, crp. 29-31)
3a onaj cjajnn Fynmnpon nonnxncropcxn excxypc naa oarn jom nemro. To
je npnnor Mnnoja M. Bacnha no nnrany cmemraja Knmepcxor rpaa nnn
Xennononnca re xnne napeuenn Xnnepopejnn. Bacnh nx je npenosnao xao
npecrannnxe nnnuancxe xynrype, a rpa je cmarpao a je nensocranno na onem
Hcrepy xao rpansnrnoj pannn xoja je nmana mra a nyn, na uax n Anonony nnn
orpuxom Anenony, xojn je xo nnx nmao na snmonane. Honecno nacnehe
ncrpaxnnaua nasa oxpehe oxo croxepa camor ]enomena ronopa, cnonena, cnona -
peun - nnrajyhn n sa cmncao camor oprana pacnpanana. Ono mro ce xaxe capxn y
cen n nemro nenspennno. Camnm rnm, ono ne moxe a ye nspas cnaocrn nonyr
neocrarxa ocnocoenocrn nnn oyuenocrn nojennna y pacnpann. Ono nnje nn
crnap onnaanocrn jesnxom xoja cnponon nmenonana n nspnue oxase y npnnor
onome nnn onome. Taj je, axne, pasnor caxpnnen y camom nncrny ronopa. Fyxa
ronopne cnaxonennne ncnynena rsn. 'rexyhnm nnrannma' nenpnjemunna je sa ronop
unjn je capxaj nacrajao na ocnony 'mera]nsnuxe norpee'. Oxpenyr naauajnma
nponnrnnana ]enomena n xpuehn nyr xpos naronemraje xojn noe o nparemea, on
je ry remxo nnn nnmano pasymnn, na n uyjan. Vnasehn y nopexno crnapn o
cnernnna nonopa, on je sapanao y ramy onor mro ce o moepnnx ncnxoanannrnuapa
nmenyje necnecnnm, xarexyjyhn ncxoncxe nnnnje nacrajana cnera mro jecre n nna.
68
Cnaxonennna ce ymnpyje y npeneuepje, xaa y nponen mehy cneronnma moxe a
ynern neh nerenapna ''Mnnepnnna cona'', n xao cnmon mncaonor carneanana
omoryhn nsnopnnje nornee. Pasymenajyhnm rymauenem crnapn xoje ce rnuy yma, a ro
je cner y cnom orahany n onom mro ra omoryhana a jecre, mn ce nonecno ynyhyjemo
y nerone ocnone, ynasehn rnm nyrem n y cam ym xaxo ce on xoncrnryncao y
nnoxpyry npnponor cnerna xoje je rpanno ycxy nnnnnnsannjy.
Taj concrnenn yspox nocrojana yjeno je n npenacxoan y nacxonnxnm
oxonnocrnma orxpnnana n yrajnnana cymrnna, onmrnm nnn onacnnm enonnma
nnhena cmncna nncrnonana, xao n y naxnannm npenpenonannma ror cmncna y
pasnnm ormaronornjama. Vxnnajyhn cam cnoje nocrojane, on camo npnma y cee
nennxo cnerno npnpone cnooe nncrnonana, xoja my je oesehena yyhnomhy n
nennm nenpnxocnoneno - nejnnm (mera]nsnuxnm) cmncnom nocrojana cnera mro
jecre n nna, ecxonaunnm mopem cnecrn Foxnjer nncrnonana, unja je axrnnna
crpana esrpannuno yunanena y rajny nojane Beronor Cnna, Iocnoa Hcyca
Xpncroca y ycxom onnujy na semn, xaa ce For, npema nnnom ncanmnuxom
rony nenana Bnanxe Paa oyxa y uenonjeuecrno.






























69
2. Apxeorpaqnja xyn1a ornnm1a n xyn1nnx onnxa nrpana xona

Onnx xpyra y xojem ce xono nrpa nspaxana najpannja snana pennnx
sajennna o ycrpojcrny cnemnpa n ysajamnocrn neecxnx n nosemnnx cnna xoje ce
ncnoanajy na semn. Kono je n nspas pnryannor xapaxrepa mro n nornphyje n
npnsnna cnne xoje ycxnahyjy crnapn y npnpon, na mory a oesee opy nernny,
nnony ncnamy, spano noromcrno n mnp y xyhn. Mnronornja n xynr xona ejcrnyje
cnyre re ce saxrena ycarnamanane n onjane carnacnocrn, ne camo y
mera]opnunom cmncny. Ko Jyxnnx Cnonena xono je jeno o rnannnx ]onxnopnnx
xoncranrn, a ro je jom jean nocpean oxas o cauynanocrn apxajcxnx npeana n
ymeha xoja cy nosnara ca oxnacnunor Kpnra n nenamxe xynrype yonmre. Kono ce na
cnonencxom Fanxany nrpa na cnaama, cnanama n cneuapnma yonmre, ono je cnmon
xonexrnnnor jenncrna, ann ne camo unanona ynyrap sajennne, nero n nnx camnx y
xony ca npnpoom xoja je canes nea n seme, cmprnocrn n ecmprnocrn. H xao mro
na semn nocroje neecxe crnapn nspaxene na semacxn naunn, a na ney semacxe
crnapn ncnoene na neecxn naunn, raj npapasnoj nea n seme, cmprn n
neycmprnnocrn, npemomhana ce xonom y xojem ce pasmnuy yonuajene rpannne
npocropa n npemena.
Cem mro je ornnmre nonomxn ycnon oncranxa omahnncrna, re mecro
pyxena n pannje n nsnop ocneranana, ono je cem onor mera]opnuxor ejcrna n
xoxesnona cnna. Hnje nno remxo ycnocrannrn ananornjy ca ornnmrem na ney, xoje
n nno xoxesnona cnna unranor xocmoca, xaxo ro ce on samnmao y acrpannom
noperxy. Jean o nojmona na xojn cy ce Cpn najnnme nosnnann y xpnsnnm
cnryannjama no je ynpano - ornnmre. Aprnxynannjy onor nojma, npema noreny
Haeprnjy, xojn je y cnom cnncy ueomu u +uu+ena ucmaruvmux qu.ocoqa onncao
mncnnnauxe nanope crapor oa, npnnaa Hnraropn xojn je nenamxor nopexna ns
Tnpene, jenor ocrpna xoje exy saysenn Arnnann nomro cy oane nporepann
Tnpenne (Henacre). Crapa nenamxa snana Hnraropa je nsneo y mera]nsnuxy cnnxy
'cnemnpcxor ornnmra', oxo xora xao crnapanauxe norennnje xnnora 'noe xono'
neecxa rena. Ham nosnarn jennnncra Mnnom H. Typnh xaxe: Kao monnren mro
onnase oxo xprnennxa, raxo n snese xpyxe oxo cneror nsnopa xnnora n xperana. H
xao mro je ornnmre nno oxancxn nomronano cpenmre cnaxora ycxor oma, n
xao mro je nnxa neyracna narpa, xoja je nnamcana na rpacxom ornnmry y
npnranejy, nna nocneheno cpenmre xenencxora sajennuxor -xnnora, raxo je n
'cnemnpcxo ornnmre' cpenmre cnemnpa nnn xocmoca. Oane spaun cnernocr n
ronnora, oane 'cynne onna cnoj xap', mro ra ono mae oanema semama n
meceny, ncro onaxo xao mro je nenecrnna majxa onuanana nannrn 'nnamen nonora
omahnncrna' na nnameny ponrecxe xyhe n xao mro je nonoocnonano nacee
ysnmano narpy c ornnmra oraunne.
Cnn xonnn xenencxora cxnarana cnera one ce cacrajy: xnna paocr mro je
nsasnna nocrojane, yany ncnyneno nomronane cnemnpa xojnm ynpanajy
oxancxe cnne, nennxn cmncao sa nenory, mepy n cxna n neoma npncno ocehane
mnnnna sor cnoxojcrna y pxann n noponnn. Taxo je onnmncxnm ornennm xpyrom
xao snom oxpyxenn cnemnp naxno sa onaj naunn nocmarpana xao npnjaran om, xao
cnernna n xao ymernnuxo eno. Typnh je omax oao: Hpema roj nnsnjn,
Hnraroponnn cy nocrynann y cnom ypeheny xyhe, pymrna n pxane, n nnxon
70
]nnoco]njcxo-nonnrnuxn pa npecrana najpannje cncremarcxo `ypyxnnane
]nnoco]nje n nonnrnuxe mohn`. (M. H. Typnh, H.amouoea araoe+ufa u neu
no.umu:ru pao, Fr., CAHV, 1960, crp. 43).
31

Taxo ce ns casnana o cnemnpcxom nnn acrpannom ornnmry nocrynnme n
acrpanno pymrno xao raxan onnx connjerera, xojn n nmao xapaxrepncrnxe rope
naneenor Iomnepnonor onnca, c rnm a ona nnje camo xenencxa samncao, nero n
npexenencxa nnn oxnacnuna. Kaprarnna na orpuxom Kpnry, na Fanxany, upnrnjn n
Erpypnjn. Henamxn n cpncxo-cnonencxn cyncrpar nnje onpeeen sa nonnc n
nonnrnxy, nero opnjenrncan npema neecxnm saxonnrocrnma mera]nsnuxor ornnmra
naceene, a connjannn xnnor rnme nma nn canpana n caopnocrn (= legein,
npnxynarn, canparn, ronopnrn) mro he pehn nsnopne nornunocrn nnn
ocmnmenocrn. Hnraropnno nonmane acrpanne sajennne, aprnxynncano na ocnony
ncxycrna xnnena nenamxnx crapnnana, ocnoconno je Hnarona y ynepeny a naa
cnojnrn ]nnoco]njy n nonnrnxy, e a n ce raxo ona nparnna nexaxnoj nsnopnoj
nornunocrn. Berona ''reopnja neja'' xpajnn je npoyxr onor nocrnnaja xao nyr
nnnnnyannje, npernocranxe sa cynncno anene pxannnm nocnonnma, y spanom
cmncny ynanpehnnana n y neronana npnnna, ann ne n npernocranenor anconyrnor
snana. 3a nnycrpannjy raxne neononocrn nexa ye naneena n cacnnm cynncna,
ononpranajyha npnmea, a je na onaj naunn ocnonano yehene xaxo je neronom
rexnomnmesom moryhe onpern o ncrnne: Jenaxo ca onnm ornapamo ynny mncnn
]nnoco]a, xojy je on na cnom npnmepy mane caxpno, xonnxo je ounronao. A oner,
]nnoco] nasnna cnennm, rj. nepasymnnm cne nac yonmre n one cnene, xojnma on ae
jacno npornnpeun; ox cee camor pasnnxyje o cnenana, onnx xojn n nnn
nepasymnn, no rome mro je on ]nnoco] n ory jennn xojn je y crany a carnea
saxone cymror n cmncao Hncma, xoje naa cnenrn pxehn ce sa nerono nohcrno. He,
]nnoco]e, raxan uonex neh ne n no cnenan xaa n camo cneno sa onnma xojn noe
nporneanany, rj. xaxo rn xaxem xa ncrnncxom snany, mro n snaunno
nporneanane; a axo nnje nporneao cneehn ra, xaxo moxem a oehanam a he
pyrn a nporneajy xpenynmn sa nnm? Tn nn camor cee ne cnenm, nasnnajyhn ce
ncronpemeno n cnennm n nnehnm. V crnapn, axo je camo jeno snane, npema ren,

31
a je onaxna spyxenocr nemro mro camo no cen nnje necymnnno, ne noxasyjy camo moepnn
]enomenn rsn. crpyunnx snoynorpea ayropnrera, neh n rpesneno pasmnmane jenor o najynx n
namypnjnx napanocnannnx reonora: Hnje nn nm nxaa nano na ym, a cmo ycrpemnnmn ce na pno
snana n oxycnnmn c nera, ornann c mecra oxancxe cnacrn? He noxenenmn no sanonecrn a enn n
opxana ra (Hocrane 2, 15), ycrynnnn cmo npe nyxannm canernnxom, xojn ce npnxpao omanom n
onpnnneo nac nenorom nosnana opa n sna. Bnno je a je on n caa onaj, xojn nehe no
pyxonocrnom orana a enn n opxana rnoje cpne, re a npecxasyje rauno snane mnoroxpernnx n
ysajamno ypannorexennx neecxnx c]epa c nnxonnm cnojcrnnma, snany cymrnncxor opa n sna, neh
y nycxnu nauepaua /npemennrnm nsopnma/, cmenyjyhn raxno npema cnaxome /sajeno c xojnma ce
n snane npnxnana na crpany xoja ce xenn/. Hpema rom yspoxy nasnao nx sajeno n opo n sno
cnnxoncrnma /nannxama/ n naapenocrnma y mnorojesnunnm napeujnma, crnny xpacnopeunnocrn, snane
ncropnje, mnorocnoxene meroe nornuxnx nocrpojena, mnororopahena pacyhnnana pauyncxnx nayxa,
mnoronnxa mepena nernapnnx onnuja /]nrypa/; ne camo pan rora mro ce cne ro xonea y sanncnocrn
o mnena n naxo mena, caopaxanajyhn ce ca nnennma yn, neh n crora mro cy ra snana nonona
sa ynpaxnanane omrpena ymennor oxa /mnmena o npemencxn npenosnarom ca naxo
npeonnxyjyhnm noceom rnenmra, neh je n opo npema rome oxonnna, ynexanane pan omrpena
ymennor oxa/, ann je nrn ynopan y nnma o crapocrn phano. /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama, Pe:u v
saumumv ceeumeuux ucuxacma, I, 1,6/
71
nocrojn ymna oja, pan xoje cn rn n xpenyo y raxny opy, a cam o cen cneounm a
nmam snane Hncama, ronnxn nn cn cnenan n nenpocnehen? Axo nnje moryhe pyro
npocnehnnane cem onor, xaxnnm cn rn npocnehen n npocnemranam, npema rnojnm ne
jenom ncxasannm peunma; re axo je nennxn nonncnje, xora rn nexaxo ymem a
cnenm, na raj naunn npocnehen n npocnemrana, rj. xonnxo n rn ymem a cnenm
snanne, xojn cy no cnom pacnopey raxohe raxnn, nonyr ree, ro je sa neponane
cnennnma, xoje nam rn nnxem y cnojnm pacyhnnannma, cnennnma xojn jenn pyre
noe nporneanany, a camn ocrajy necnernehn /nencnjanajyhn/? Taxo hem nahn n
mnore pyre, xojn ynepanajy, a n onn cnee Cnero Hncmo. Pasonnuananem
nnacrnrnm peunma n Hncmom, onn cy ononprnyrn onnma, xojn cnee sa Hncmom
npema ncrnnn. Axo n xo xreo a pasaepe, xaxo ro cnenm cnernree, ne n re
nasnao camo cnennm, nero jom n rnynnm. V crnapn, xaa je nennxn nonncnje, xaxo
cmo nsnarann y npocyhnnany cnaconocnor snana, opeheno xasyje, a ce
yocrojanane Fora n cjennene c Bnm ocrnxe camo xpos oxancxe sanonecrn, rn
omax naxon ror opehena xaxem: ne camo, na onymram a ce onaj xojn
ncnynana sanonecrn camo nononnuno ouncrn, a n ro jena. Taxno nn je rnoje
cnecrno! Kaa Ipnropnje Hncnjcxn yun, a je cnoamna mypocr ecnnona n
necanpmena, re cmarpa, a mn naa camo o ror npemena a ocranemo y onmreny ca
rom naxn cxnonom marepom, ox y cen rneamo necanpmenocr pacra, a naxon rora
oanesnn cmo a pxnmo nocrnhyjyhnm a ce nasnnamo enom re ecnnonnne, a
rn nac noyuanam xaxo je xopncno n neonxono sannmarn ce nome neo xnnor, xaxem
a ce nome xnannm n ne rpynm ce oxo pyrnx nspexa cnernrea, rex a n
noxpnnajyhn ce neronnm nmenom, oxasao, xaxo nayxe npyxajy canpmeny n
cnaconocny uncrohy. Taxo ce rn najoe o cnnx rnpo pxnm orana! H xaa
Bacnnnje Bennxn jacno ronopn, a sa oehano naxencrno nnxaxo nnje npernocranxa
snane ncrnne o ney, semn n ocnonocacrojnnma /enemenrnma/, rn nasnnam
cnaconocnnm n neonxonnm sa ocrnsane canpmencrna carnacnocr yma ca ncrnnom
cnnx crnapn. Xaje opo, axo n nno a je camo ra ncrnna xrena a ce raa
npncryna monnrnn neoxyunnor, crora mro je camo y Fory snane cnera, xaxo Iocno
xasyje Jony: Oanecrn me, axo pasymem cmncao, re cy yremeenn nornopnn seme,
n re cy pxaun mopa, n xaxna je noneecxa mnpnna (Jon. 38, 4, 6, 16, 18). Ann nnje
raxo; rn y pnsn oxo raxne ncrnne nehem mohn a oneem cnoj ym o xapmonnje, jep
mncnnm o cen xao nocenom snanny xojn je ocrnrao canpmencrno ca Apncrorenom
n Hnaronom, ca Eyxnnom n Hronomejem n nnxonnm cneennnnma, na crora n
ysnmam acrponore n npnpoocnonne oronnne y nehoj mepn o onnx, naxo n nnxon
pasym snarno nseranao ncrnny cymrnne; a no nncxocrn c xojnma nx rn neh
yocrojanam pannoanheocxor yma, re raxopehn yopaxanam a cnaconocno n unpcro
cneyjem orocnony nonncnjy, saro cn ce n psnyo a cam cee ojannm sa namer
nohy! Ann nexa ce ne xnann rpann a je npan, jep one mro nne nehe nn yenrn nn
omanyrn, nero je moxa omanyo cee. Crora nexa ne onaa npanomncnehe ye,
xojn unpcro cnee oxancxe orocnone, na jom n sa crnapn, y xojnma ro sa nnxor na
semn ne naxn, cem mehy onnma xojn opnuy Jenanhee naroarn, xoje je caa
norpeno ocnnxarn xao canpmeno sanyene. V crnapn, xo caa mehy onnma xojn
nncy nocnonn nmena Xncronor, na no on Cxnr, Hepcnjan nnn Hnyc, ne sna a For
nnje nnmra o crnopenor n uynnma ocrnxnor? H xao mro ce nehe npn yyhem
onacxy Xpncra naroar nacxpcena n ecmprnocrn orpannuanarn camo na nepyjyhe y
72
Bera, neh he nacxpcnyrn cnn npema sajennuxom Hncmy, npema ce cnn n ne
carnamanajy oxo npncnooena naxon nacxpcena pan oehannx apona, na raxo n
caa, naxon Beronor npnor onacxa na semy, uax n a nncy cnn uynn Jenanhee
Xpncrono, n xasanmn cne, nenpnmerno ce menajyhn o nsona naroarn xoja ce
nojannna, ncnoneajy jenor nernapnor Fora, Tnopna cnnx crnapn; na axo nnram
Hapca, Hepcnjanna, Capmara, omax hem o nera uyrn peu Anpaamony, a nomryjem
Fora neeca (Jon.1,9), mro ne n pexao nn Hronomej, nn Xnnapx, nn Mapnn Tnpcxn,
xojn cy mypann no ren, xojn cy cnoj ym onenn y carnacje ca neecxnm xpyronnma,
ennnnxnnma n c]epama a ncro raxo nasnnajyhn neo n oxancrnom, n cneyspoxom, nn
Apncrorenn n Hnaronn, xojn cy snese cmarpann oxancxnm rennma, nn onn, mro
ronope o cxauyhnm xonnma orona, xonnxo oun o nornea nne ca ysnrnyror mecra.
H xaa je, saxnayjyhn cnerny sacjanom y ramn (Jn. 1, 5) caa cne oe, neronn xo
nera npocnanennx mypana, mro cy casnann narnpnponocr Fora, ann raxo a
nnre nnje opaheno nsnohene Beronor nnxa ns cymrnne, xao mro rn ro unnnm
jenanhecxnm yuennnnma, no cnyxy cnojnx ymnjy npnmnnmn o Fora npenomeny
peu, nocnehennm xpos onjane apa jesnxa o yxa ornennm jesnnnma, nayuennm ne
o anhena, ne o uonexa, nero o camor Iocnoa xpos Berona ocrojnonoxnanajyha
ycra (Hc. 63,9), xa je jennoponn Cnn, nncrnen y cxyrnma Ona, On ncxasao (Jn.
1, 18), am nnma o cnnx napoa nsapanom, cnerom napoy (1 Her. 2, 9). Hpxnn nn
cn ce Foxnjoj ocmenno a crannm npexop, jep onn cymrnny Foxnjy cmarpajy
ohyrnnom, nmajyhn nnx, nennunny n cnojcrna y cnnnany cnnunom nnnnom cnerny c
nasyxom, xao npnjemnnxy neecxor nsnnna, xoje je npocropno n uyncrneno
saxnarnno? H pan uera npeneperanajy uynna saonocrna, xojnx je nnme o cnera
n oxpehy ce oner onnma, xoje rn xnenehem? Ko poona xnnora, no Hanny, nnxon je
uynnn or yrpoa (unn. 3, 19), cpepoynnn n oraramn ynoe pyro
nononoxnoncrno E]. 5,5) n ne mory a nepyjy y Xpncra, npema jenanhecxoj ocyn,
jep npnmajy cnany o cnernne rpaxehn cnany o Jennor Fora (Jn. 5,44) Kojn cne ro
npepasanpe, re ce raxnn pan Cnennmner Fora, axne, nncy oxasann xpos ena
Foxnja y npanoj nooxnocrn onocrpanoj cnemy /nnocrpanoj, sarpannunoj cnery/? H
pan rora, mro n pyrnma caneryjy a ce oane /cneronne crnapn/, xoje nnmanajy
cnane xo Jenor Fora, ne rpea nm am mnoro neponarn, xao a cy neh n
uanxonnsamrnom nsrynnn noysana mnena o oxancxom? /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama,
C.oea v saumumv ceeumeuo muxvfvhux, II, 3, 2-5 O cnemrenom cnerny/
Hpernocranxa cnnonrnuxor npnnacxa jecre y rome a ce canpy mnroc n noroc
y cnnecrernuxoj ynyhenocrn xoja xnann]nxyje casnana. Ta cnnecrernunocr nnn nnx
camocnecrn omoryhana n camoxpnrnunocr y omamajnma, a ynpano ra npra
nncrnonana raxohe omoryhana nsnopnnjn onp ca nonecnomhy, xpos . nsnopnocr
yma oxo xoje ce cna 'nonecna rparana' n 'nonecna pacxpunnana' oxpehy n orahajy.
Hpeysnmajyhn ns cnera mro nacraje (n nponaa) ono najnenme n najoe, e a n
yrpahnnao y oxancxy renesy cnera xpos cxnanocr n pasmepe, Tnopan cnera je cne no
npeany oneo y pe.





73

3. Cnuonnxa nornanor enor opna n nn1ane penne nncuenoc1n

B.aeocu+af, ovuo +ofa, Iocnooa, u
ue saoopae+af uu feouoe ooopa umo mu fe
v:uuuo.
Ou mu npauma cee epufexe u ucufe+vfe
cee oo.ecmu meofe;
Hsoae+a oo epooa rueom meof, efeu:aea
me ooopomo+ u +u.ouhv;
Hcnvnaea ooopu+ re+e meofe,
nouae+a ce rao v opna +.aoocm meofa
/Hca.a+ aeuooe 102, 2-5/


Mnoro nnme nero nonomxn ersemnnap nrnunjer poa, opao nnje camo
rocnoap nncnna nnn cnmon rpaexnne mohn nnrannrera. Vocranom, ro nnme
nnje uax nn nsnecno, yyhn a je ronnxo ncrpennan, a cy ra na npenor
pymrana sa pnry o nonomxnm npcrama, mnore pxane crannne no samrnry.
Onajxaa je on eo nrnunjer nnemena nonesan ca cnemrennm npocropnma, nhe
mnrornopnno n openo, saymno. a y camoj cnmonnnn opna nema sa ro onono
arnx enemenara, n mnronn o neronoj mohn n snauajy nnn n es nocnne eneprnje,
a yronnxo n sanemapnnn. Cnn mory a ce ocneoue y nerony penny cnmonnxy
npexo acnpcxor cnomennxa y xome je enom nornanom opny ypesan nnx y xamen na
mnnennjyma npe Xpncronor pohena, a xojn npecrana Acnpcxo napcrno. Mnore
seme xacnnje ysene cy ra sa cnoj pxanornopnn cnmon (Bnsanrnja, Cpnja,
Pycnja, Aycrpnja, Hemaxxa, Anannja...), ann nerona npana nnsnja nopasymena
ennny xoja emannpa npany n ncnpanno ynnhane.
Ko Acnpana cnmonnxa opna nonesana je ca Axypom, a na neuarnma
xernrcxnx xpaena npecranan je y cynuanom onnujy Axypa Mase. nerona
cnaxna xpnna mnpoxor samaxa ocrnapyjy mohan yrncax, nnnn na cnomennnnma
nnnnnnsannja Mesoasnjcxor rna. Hpopox 3opoacrep uecro je cnnxan xaxo nern y
nernnnnn unjn cnoamnn onnx noceha na opna. Opao je ona nrnna ns nrnunjnx
nnemena xojoj ce na rom rny noxnanana napounra naxna. Hemro o ror cnaxnor
yrncxa xojn ce nenoeeno npocrnpao rnom ncrounnx semaa, xao a ce npeneno n
y Xomepony H.ufaov, re on npe cam nen xpaj nena :
Oo+ax noua+e op.a, oo ceufv ea+auufex nmua,
Mproea .oea, roe u neeaeu+ u+euvfv +vou,
A ro.uro cv ee.ura pusuue eucore epama
H sar+v:aua u :epcma rareoe ooeamoe :oeera,
Tarea +v oefaxv rpu.a u c feoue u ca opvee cmpaue.
H v:uuu u+ ce oa uao epaoo+ oecuo npo.eme;
Buoeh ea eece.u ovov u ceu+a ce pasea.u cpe.
V xomepcxom npeany, opao je nnona nrnna, neron rnaconoma n
najnoysannjn naronecrnre nerone noe o cnoje cnare. Te npecrane mory a
snaue n nexn nnneapnn mnronomxn nns xojnm n ce noynnpana xapaxrepnsannja
74
mohn rnanemnne ypancxnx oxancrana, ann nocrojn n opnnronomxa saxonnrocr
xojy ynaxanajy penne asnjcxe mamancxe npaxce. Hsmehy opna n mamana nocroje
mnrcxe nese. V mnornm o rnx mamancxnx npeana nepyje ce xaxo je opao oran
nexor mamancxor nperxa, re a y camoj nnnnnjannjn mamana nma onyuyjyhy
ynory.
20
On ce, nope rora, nanasn y cpenmry mnrornopauxor capxaja xojn
oyxnara marop cnera (neo) n pno xnnora (nopeax snnana) y xome opao
npecrana nnnnnsonano npxonno nhe, unje nepo xaa ynexan maman
(napounro xencxn) onpne, omax nna ocnocoen sa neron nennuancrnenn ner.
Opao raxo cnmonnsyje nrnny xoja aje najnoysannje snaxe yxa nnn naronemrana
cmepnnne xperana oxancxe noe. Baa npnmernrn xaxo je y jannom xnnory
Pnmana on camo npeauen y ]ynxnnjy Jynnreponor rnacnnxa, a xo Hopnjana na
cnnuan naunn nonesan ca Onnom.
21
Cnnn opao neranan xao a cne nnme ramnn o
namerane npecrane cnnnnmrna xoja my je oennana, na npenasn y nonpnnnuno
noramneo cnmon xomnnexca nesaysannx saxrena cmprnnxa sa mohn n semacxom
nnamhy, ca cne mane orpannuennm crpacrnma sa rocnoapenem. a nn je ro y camoj
npnpon ror cnmona ocraje xao xpajne ynnrna crnap, yyhn a je rpannocr xao
cnperna nyxanocr, cenunyx, naxomocr n nemnnocpnocr sancra nerono oenexje
rpannnne. Taxo n nopnjcxn n pnmcxn nmnepnjannn naron caunnana oxnnpe
opnoncxe cnmonnxe y xojoj ce ncrnue nynrapnsyjyha cnnonnrocr, ca unme ce
ncronpemeno oraha a my ca rnm jenocrpannm ncrnnanem oysnma mnrornopauxn
neo rajancrnenocrn. Vocranom, pyxonohena nnsanrnjcxnm nmnepnjanncrnuxnm
cnnpomom, n rsn. uopoufcra uro.a ce noxasana xao reopnjcxn npereua
nennxorepmancxnx anernra, nororono npema Cpnma. 3a ro je ounrnean oxas n
Hpnn cnercxn par xojn je n sanouer nanaom na Cpe, a mnorn enemenr y pyrom

20
Mnpua Ennjae je onncnnao nenocpene nyrene casnana y mamancxnm npaxcama, nanoehn ony
npnuy: V nouerxy cy nocrojann camo orono (renrpn) na 3anay n cnn yxonn na Hcroxy. Foronn cy
crnopnnn uonexa n onaj je cpehno xnneo cne ox snn yxonn nncy pamnpnnn onecr n cmpr na semn.
Foronn cy ona onyuynn a uoneuancrny apyjy mamana xojn he ce opnrn npornn onecrn n cmprn n
nocnann cy Opna. Ann, yn nncy pasymenn neron jesnx, yocranom, nncy nn neponann onunoj nrnnn.
Opao ce nparno oronnma n samonno nx a my noape moh ronopa, nnn a ynma nomay ypjarcxor
mamana. Foronn cy opna nocnann nasa n napennn a ap mamancrna npea npnoj ocon xojy cperne
na semn. Ho nonparxy na semy opao cnasn xeny ycnyny xpaj jenor pnera n nosna je. Hexo npeme
norom, xena pon cnna xojn je nocrao `npnn maman`. Ho pyroj napnjanrn, xena je naxon onoca ca
opnom yrneana yxone n cama nocrana mamanxa. Orya ce y pyrnm nerenama nojana opna rymaun
xao snax mamancxe cxnonocrn. (Mircea Eliade, amanizam i arhajske tehnike ekstaze, N. Sad, prev. Z.
Stojanovica, 1985., str. 74-75.)
21
Cernmo ce a ce nepyje xaxo je opao oran npnor mamana, a nrpa naxny ynory y camoj nnnnnjannjn
mamana n a ce, nanoxon, nanasn y cpenmry mnrcxor xomnnexca xojnoyxnara pno cnera n
excrarnuno nyonane mamana. He rpea rynrn ns nna nnrn a opao, y nexy pyxy, npecrana
npxonno nhe, maa cnaxno conapnsonano. (Hcmo, crp. 133) On raxohe cmarpa n a je: Kocmonomxa
cxema pno-nrnna (opao), nnn pno ca nrnnom na npxy n smnjom y xopeny, xao cnenn]nuna sa napoe
cpene Asnje n Iepmane, nsrnea opnjenrannor nopexna, ann je ncrn cnmonnsam ]opmynncan neh na
npencropnjcxnm cnomennnnma (ucmo., crp. 209) Vnaxanajyhn ony nocneny oncepnannjy, nnax naa
cxpenyrn naxny a npema nopexnom Pymyn, Ennjae neoma perxo yonmren cnomnne napoe
Jyroncroune Enpone, a Cpe rorono nnxaxo. To je nojenaxo nepasymnno, xo n unnennna a y
neronoj Ennnxnonenjn pennrnja raxohe nema nn cpenemexcnuxe pennrnje n uaponamrna Tonrexa,
maxap je nn]opmarnnnn cexrop xojn je morao a ra cnae norpennm nn]opmannjama, n y npeme
nncana naneene xnnre no nnme nero nsaman.

75
cnercxom pary na ro noceha, cne o npoyxeraxa nocnene enennje y xpny
onnnenom xomaany oraa sajennuxe pxane Jyxnnx Cnonena na Fanxany.
22

Fenn opao, na jom nornan, nasnauana nemro cacnnm pyro, snaxe yxa xao
nsnpmanana npane /ys nera ne n xnmna unjn npnn crnxonn rnace "Foxe Hpane ,
Tn mro cnace/ o nponacrn o ca nac", re unnena oponrn y nnmecnojnocrn
nennx acnexara, uemy je ncrn Xomep, ann y pyrom cneny - Ooucefu, na cnoj naunn
ao mnrcxn opeon norexao o npnua xoje cy nmane nnenauxo onnuje:
Taro pe:e Te.e+ax, u ne+v epo+oe.acuu uee
c epxa n.auuue oea v .emv noua+e op.a.
Hcnpea .emeue ouu ooofua c oveane+ eempa
Jeoau vs opveoe o.usv uuporo paseufafvh rpu.a.
A.u rao cmueoue usuao cpeouue +uoeoe.acuoe eeha,
Cmauv oro.o rpvrum u faru+ +axamu rpu.+a,
Ceu+a ua e.aee e.eouv u cmauv u+ c.vmumu nponacm:
Kauxa+a feoau opveo+ o:vnafv uufe u .ua,
Homo+ usuao rvha epaocrux ua oecuv orpeuv cmpauv.
Ceu ce :voumu cmauv, rao oru+a onase nmue,
Ha ce v cpv no:uv ooeufamu uma . he ce soumu.
23


Ona opnnromanrnuxa armoc]epa xoja necnnuxn ynon y orahaje xojn he a
ycnee y Ooucefu, casana je na ocnony neponana a cy na opna noceno onprana
cmncao orahana, orxya n cexe cnmonnsannja nornanor enor opna. nocrpyxn
opao, xao jean y nojnnn, onaj xojn nocn naronemraje n cnyrny, jecre nsacnannx
oxancxe noe n nen cyonocnn nasnaunre. Ko nornanor opna rnane cy
oxpenyre npema cynpornnm crpanama cnera, ncroxy n sanay. Taj uernopocrpyxn
norne ca yno ornopennm ounma npernocrana ce a je nyn nemor snana xoje ra
Foxnjom xomanom ynpana npema naxnnm crnapnma xoje ce emanajy y cnery, a
n ncxasao namepy enonana n rnme npyxno npnnnxy sa npeoxper yxonnxo ra
mamancxo onaxane saxnarn n ycne a yrnue na npomene ycnona sor xojnx ce ra
cynncxa nasnauena n unne. Berona cy xpnna pamnpena, a ra pacxpnenocr
ynyhyje na npnonrny nesy ca Foxnjnm eneprnjama xao yrounmre, nemro ronno
cnexno n nspxnno no unme je moryhe rajnrn nocenocr n rxarn cnojy nnr na
pasojy cnera. Bpereno cynne no nnma ocrana cnojy nanexnocr n nymra
cnojcrna a ce oneryjy n ocnejy o mepe nnacrnror pacra.
nornanom enom opny, nrnnn jaxnx xanxn n uennunor xyna xao
napanrme npearopcxe cnne, y rponnma ce onuno oaje jom nexn arpnyr, a na
crapom cpncxom, nemannhxom n xacnnje jyrocnonencxom rpy, ry cy n (npexo
]panycxor yrnnaja npncnojenn) nnnjcxn nann. Onn neny crnap ca
npearopcrnom onnemenyjy cnmonnsannjom xoja yxasyje na nosanny xoja je
nexna , npannuna n naroerna. H xao mro ncanmonenan cnomnne opna xao nhe
xoje npxocn crapeny - "onana ce xao y opna mnaocr rnoja", raxo n nann

22
Vnopen crynjy: Paul Joseph Sachaffarik nach Lorenz Surowiecki, ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Ofen,
1828, s. 79;80

23
Homerus, Odysseae, II, 146-156 (prema Homeri opera, recognovit breviqve adnotatione critica
instruxit Thomas W. Allen, Oxonii: e typographeo clarendoniano, 1976).
76
Hec+e uao nec+a+a cnmonnmy nexnocr n yan npema nenorn. Morno n a ce
xaxe a n jesnnn ns xynona xojn "yro nananajy" cnmonnmy nponacr onnma xojn
ce psny a nacpny na napone nenore n nerony oneronany yxonny nennunny, a
a nann nameny rnx xanxn onncyjy y napaonn nosanncxor cnoja
oporonnxom. Ono mro y nemy sacrpamyje ncronpemeno je n sacnyra npane
oanocrn na je n neron cnmon y necnnuxom nspasy nnme nero peunr. Taxo je n
pycxn nncan Xomjaxon, anne 1829. y cnojnm necnnuxnm "nonernma mamre"
/naunnom a pennom mera]opom nocraxne cyxo xojn n nono rpnjym]y/, namao
nonoom cyxoa y nnsnnn Koncranrnnonoa sa norpeno a ra cnomene:
Jeopuue! Ha cmeapa.a:ru+ +aumanu+a meofu+
Opao ce vsoueao oeoe.aeu;
Ou vs.ehe usuoea: a. ua nu+a he ee:uo
a ocmauv ooo.ecu c.aee!
H v +aumu he Tvpu oa e.eoafv npeo cooo+
Op.oeux rpu.a ceurv uao sa.asehu+ no.v+eceo+.
Ta cenxa opnonnx xpnna xao xpcronocnn cnmon xojn ce cynpocranno
nperehem nonymeceny ncnamcxor cnera, xasyje o ymy ncnynenom nacnnnomhy, ann
je n sacnrypno onojna apoma ocehana npane xoja y cen nocn xapaxrep
nnsanrnjcxor ropor yxa npanocnanne rpannnje. Cnaxaxo a noa Foxnja y unjnm
ce nepnma npenocn eneprnja ornene rame, unje je nonoxje npana n naroar, ne
moxe a ce na raj naunn oxpehe y cnojy nnn nno unjy pyry xopncr. Hpncernmo ce
na uac n nnnnx ncanmonenuennx crnxona:

2. Oo.ar fe u +par oro Eeea; o.aeocm u
npaeoa noouorfe npufecmo.v Eeeoev.
3. Oean npeo nu+ uoe, u na.u uaoro.o
uenpufame+e Eeeoee...
6. Heoeca rasvfv npaeov Eeeoev, u ceu
uapoou euoe c.aev Eeeoev.
24


Kpcr Fora npane xojn opao nocn na cnojnm rpynma na rpy, nnje onuan
yxpac. To je xpcr crpaannn n ocrojancrnen, xojn nema cnnpom oxperana na
pyry crpany a n ce ynorpeanao xao mau, cem y opann n crpnnry cenco
npnnnxom nsnpmanana npane. Hcnjana ns nera cnara xoja non o noee
nyrennma caejcrna ca Foxjom npanom, mro moxe a ye camo nspas Berone
noe. Jep, ncrnncxo Foxnje opyxje nnje ocnajauxa n noxopanajyha, nero
samrnrnnuxa n npanena noa, ncnoanana xao ornena opnoncxa npanenocr.
V cnojnm excrarnuxnm nnsnjama cnnpcxn mamann ymenann cy a nne
npnonrny noy Cnepxnrecxy y nnxy opna. uecro cy xasnnann n npnue o
ncxoncxom pnery Xnnora (npnonrnom ynnnepsymy), na unjnm najnnmnm rpanama
cen opao. On je n cnmon yxa cn. Anocrona Jonana, a y xnnsn Op.oe nor.ou
onncyje ra xomnnexcnn anrpononor Kapnoc Kacranea xao xamen remean, na
xojem ce sna cmncao nennxor npannna xnnora, e xpos onexoneuanane najynx

24
Hcanmn annonn, 96, 2-6
77
unnennna cnecrn xao onnx npennx namhena, onprana cmncao nyra npema cnoon
nncrnonana.
25

V uernpn ronne xacnnje ojanenoj xnnsn Vuvmpaunu oean (1984),
Kacranea je y nesn ca cnmonnxom opna narnamanao n nexe erannje momenre.
Fnncxocr ca cnerom xojn onaxamo cnnn nac a nepyjemo a cmo oxpyxenn
ojexrnma xojn nocroje xao raxnn, camn o cee, am onaxo xaxo nx mn onaxamo,
ann ro je npema nemy nyxa nannnocr, xao n y crany ]enomenonomxe peyxnnje, re
nannna cnecr camo nponsnono xapaxrepnme xopenare npemernocrn, es
moryhnocrn a sahe cen nsa neha, nnn a npospe cnojy nannnocr saneneny sa
]nxcannjy na npomennnn cermenr crnapnocrn xoja ce mena y carnacnocrn ca
spauennma ns ncxona. Cner je onaxan xaxan nam nsrnea, ann ro y ncro npeme n
nnje, jep nnje ronnxo unpcr n crnapan y mepn no xojoj nac name onaxane nanon a
nepyjemo, yyhn a mn yunmo mra a onaxamo ycmepanann ynopnnm
nacnnrananem jom o ernncrna. Fyyhn a cne nounna na eneprnjama n a cy ona
cnecna cnerneha nnaxna cnocona sa onaxane mro je na npnmepy uoneunjnx
ncnxnuxnx cnoconocrn xaxo jene npcre oprancxnx nha ounrneno, cyenonane
na eneprercxnm nanernma nnn nsnoxenocr yapnma npnpono mena n namy
nepnenrnnny ocernnocr nnn cnoconocar onaxana. Hama uyna onaxajy onaxo
xaxo ro unne, jep nx na ro nanon napounra onyxa name cnecrn xoja je ]opmnpana
mehyyrnnajnma jom o ernncrna, na je ono mro n Fephajen nasnao cner ojexara,
sanpano nspasnno onm nojmom: "Vnorpeno cam repmnn cner, nacranno je on
Xyan, a osnaun cne mro nac oxpyxyje. Ja nmam on repmnn, napanno, ann n raj
ren no cacnnm nepasymnn. Bnonnann xaxy a mn camo sor name cnecrn
mncnnmo a je ramo nanoy cner ojexara. Ann ramo nanoy cy y crnapn Opnona
spauena, ]nynna, nenpecrano y noxpery, a nnax nenpomennna, neuna...Opao
crnapa cnecna nha a n morna a xnne n oorahyjy cnecr xojy nm je ao ca
xnnorom. Taxohe cy nnenn a je Opao raj xojn npoxnpe ncry ry ooraheny cnecr
nomro je ce cnecna nha y rpenyrxy cmprn ocnoahajy...Ona cy /opnona spauena/
npncycrno cxopo espoj npcra, npnrncax xojn nsasnna nprornano ocehane. uonex

25
Cnara xoja ynpana cynnom cnnx xnnnx nha nasnana je opao, ne saro mro je ro nno xaxan opao,
n mro n ce ca nexnm opnom nmra ano yunnnrn, nero saro mro ce nneony nojanyje xao nexn
nemepnnn mnasno-npan opao, xojn crojn ycnpanen y cnom nonoxajy, onnaro ysnnmen y
ecxonaunocr. Axo nnenan yhe y opnoncxy ramy, orxpnhe my ce uernpn cnona cnerna opnonor
nsrnea. Hpnn cnon xojn je nonyr cnernocne crpene nomaxe nneony a youn nsrne opnonor rena. To
cy ennhn ennne xoja nnun na opnono nepje n xanue. pyrn cnon cnerna orxpnna nenyjane, npano
crnapane nerpa mro nnun na opnoncxa xpnna. Ca rpehnm cnonom cnerna nnenannocmarpa npoopno.
Heycxnm oxom. H uernprn nocnenn cnon noxasyje mra opao unnn. Opao ce xpann cnemhy cnnx
nha xoja cy rpenyrax pannje xnnena na semn, a caa xao ympna nee npe opnonnm xynom, nonyr
ecxpajnor poja napnnna, ne n nn cpena cnor nnacnnxa, sor xora cy nera xnnena. Opao re cnrne
nnamenone paspemana /unnn pasmpmennm/ , nspannana nx xao mro mranau pasnnaun xoxy, a sarnm nx
jee, jep cy re cnecrn Opnona xpana. Opao, ra cnna xoja naa na cynnom cnnx xnnnx nha,
nojenaxo n ncronpemeno opaxana cna ra xnna nha...Cnaxo xnno nhe, axo ro xenn, oapeno je
cnarom a nponahe nsnas y cnooy n npohe xpos nera. Bnonnaxy xojn nnn nsnas, xao n nhy xoje
nponasn xpos nera, jacno je a je opao oeseno raj ap xaxo n onexoneuno cnecnocr. (Carlos
Castaneda, The Eagle's gift, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1982., p.156-157)

78
moxe camo nernmnuno a nx nnn, xao mro moxe camo nernmnuno a nnn camor
Opna."
26

Cnaxaxo, onaxan onnc crnapn moxe a nnun n na mnronomxa rpyhana, xao n
a nsasnna yrncax oncecnnnocrn, uera je cnecran n cam Kacranea, na je namao sa
cxono a oa: "V nesn ca Opnom nema nnuer nnsyennor. unrano reno nnonnaxa
oceha Opna. V cnnma nama nocrojn nemro mro nam omoryhyje a cneounmo
unrannm cnojnm renom. Bnonnann nnhene Opna ojamnanajy neoma jenocranno;
nomro ce uonex cacrojn o Opnonnx spauena, norpeno my je camo a ce nparn
onome mro ra caunnana. Hponem ce jana ca uonexonom cnemhy; nerona cnecr je
ra xoja ce sanera n synn. V npecynom rpenyrxy, xaa n rpeano a spauena
jenocranno npenosnajy cee, uonexona cnecr je npncnena a rymaun. Pesynrar je
nnsnja Opna n Opnonnx spauena. Ann ne nocrojn Opao n nema Opnonnx spauena.
Ono mro je ramo nanoy jecre nemro mro nn jeno xnno nhe ne moxe a
ocerne...Bnonnax mopa a ye ysopan xaxo n morao a najaua rorono
nenoenny naanocr namer ycxor crana. O camor nnhena mnoro je naxnnje
mra nnonnann pae ca onnm mro nne...Horneaj mra cy nam nexn nnonnann
yunnnnn. Hpnxaunnn cy nam cnojy nnsnjy Opna xojn nama nnaa n xojn nac
npoxnpe y rpenyrxy name cmprn. Pexao je a je ra nepsnja xpajne necnrypna, n a
ce nemy nnuno ne onaa neja a nac nemro npoxnpe. Ho nemy, nno n mnoro
noronnje a ce xaxe a nocrojn cnara xoja npnnnaun namy cnecr xao mro marner
npnnnaun rnosene onnxe. V rpenyrxy cmprn unrano name nhe ce pacraue no
yrnnajem re orpomne cnare. Cmarpao je a je rporecxno a ce raxan jean orahaj
nnrepnpernpa xao a nac Opao npoxnpe, jep ce na raj naunn jean neonncnn xnn
npernapa y nemro ronnxo cneronno xao mro je xpane...nnern Opnona spauena
snaxn nsasnnarn cynny. Honn nnonnann cy ycxopo orxpnnn a cy ce namnn y
orpomnnm noremxohama, n rex nocne nennxnx myxa y noxymajnma a nanpane mane
nenosnaror n pasnoje ra o necasnajnor, cxnarnnn cy a je cne caunneno o
Opnonnx spauena. Camo ce mann eo rnx spauena nanasn y omamajy ycxe
cnecrn, n raj mann eo ce ae cmanyje o najcnrnnjnx manenxocrn, jep nac
cnaxonennn xnnor orpannuana. Tn cnhymnn ennhn Opnonnx spauena cy nosnaro;
mann eo y moryhem oxnary ycxe cnecrn je nenosnaro, a necasnajno je ocrarax
xojn ce ne moxe nspauynarn."
27

Ocnonna noremxoha, axne, rnue ce camor jesnxa n unnennne a je xasnnane
o onaxnom saymnom enemenry ersncrennnje nemro mro nac ynepana camo c osnpom
na namy nnacrnry eneprercxy xon]nrypannjy n cynrnnnocr yxa. yn cy y
ocnonn cnernocna nha, unja cy cnernocna nnaxna naunnena o nsnecne xonnunne
"Opnonnx spaxena" xojnx n ne mopamo a yemo cnecnn, ann cy ra /mera]nsnuxa/
nnaxna cnecna cee, xnna cy n nnpnpajy xao a je cnaxo o nnx rpajnocr sa cee. V
xacnnjnm xnnrama Kacranea n cam nnme ne ynorpeana raj repmnn, xopncrehn
panje npecrany orpomocrn ecxpaja nnn cnnonnmno ramnor mopa cnecrn.
unnoco]n ra ncnpennerana cnernocna nnaxna nasnnajy o xpaja ycranno
nojmennm mncnnma nnn cnneronnma neja (xmpxnj rn en), xoje sanase y omen
rpancnenenrannor xapaxrepa cnecrn, re je nouecro sa xasnnane o nnma anexo
cnpcncxonnjn menjym mnroc neronn noroc. H xao mro y npeannma

26
Kapnoc Kacranea, Vuvmpaunu oean, Feorpa, 1991., crp. 45-48.
27
Hcmo, crp. 48-50
79
crapomexcnuxe xynrype Tonrexa n Anrexa opao nna oxancxn nnaap pacnnna n
ramnn cnmon jenncrnene cnne ynnnepsyma, raxo cy ra n no mnpoxom
npocrpancrny Cnnpa nnonnann yrneann a crojn na npxy Crya cnera nnn
pyrn a uyun na najnnmnm rpanama pnera Xnnora, nnxaa ne crapehn, nnrn
nponaajyhn. Honoom rora, y namem npenoy xaranora nnnjcxnx xnnornna,
4ucuo.oev, nannasnmo na sannmnno rneane xoja oorahyje npecrany nnhena
opnoncxe cnmonnxe:
"Opao je, axne, nap nrnna. A nom ce nasnna sor mnornx cnojnx xpnnnna. Taj
xnnn cro ronna n ocrapn. Hapacre n xyn neron n ocnenn, n ne moxe a nonn; n
ycxon na nennxy nncnny, ana ce nns xamen n pasnja xyn, xyna ce y
hepycnjenom nary, n cen nacynpor cynna, a unm npnneue npema nemy, cnaajy
ycxe ca ounjy neronnx n oner nna mna.
H rn ymnn uoneue, xaa mnoro carpemnm ysnern y nncnny cmepne mypocrn n
ann ce nns xamen xojn je rnoja nepa, n pasn cnoj noc, npnnoc rpexy, ymn cee y
hepycnjenom nary, ro jecr, cysama orpej cee na cynny, onocno y npxny crann
cnojy oehy nsna rpexa. H oner hem ce nomnanrn, xaxo ronopn npopox -
ononnhe ce xao opny mnaocr rnoja."
28

Cnaxaxo a je cama cnmonnuxa npecrana opna cnopna, jep nocn y cen
ncxymene a ce xnnornncxe n ycxe oconne npnnncyjy neuemy mro je nan
yonxajene rpannne nonmaa (nncoxo nerene n opxanane y nasyxy, nexene jaja,
nsannnane nsmera), na ro xao npnnonecnn axr enyje y pacnony o mannocrn o
anannsannje, uemy ce cnaxaxo rpea oynpern. Kaa ce ona peu xopncrn, y nny ce
nma neno cnmonnuno snaxene xoje je camo ananorno noercxoj cnnnn onnca
yxonne cnare xoja nnaa cnnme mro jecre n nocrojn, raxo mro ce mann]ecryje
npexo sanonecrn noama nnn xpos spauena xoja unne nennxn npnrncax na nha, a
npexo ror npnrncxa oprannsmn rpae cner cnor onaxana xao rnpn ]nsnuxn "cner
ojexara". Vronnxo je jena youena oconna nonomxe jennxe nrnne opna y
4ucuo.oev onnuno ynorpeena a cnehenem neronor nemor snana xojnm on
nocrnxe cnoje onanane, a ce npenopyun n uonexy xaxo na cnnuan naunn n on
moxe a ononn cnoje nocrojane y nepnny n paocr aner xnnora.
29
Opnonnma
ce, oyme, rnm nyrem nexaxo npnnncyjy oconne xoje onn nemajy, yyhn a cy
yn nha nyna mana xoja cy uax n es menana xapaxrepa cnocona a nocrajy n
nnonnann, nnn nax nosnarn nayunnnn. Ono na mra naneenn nacyc ynyhyje
cacrojn ce y unnennnn a uyecnocr cnera n nay y onanane re uyecnocrn
nnxaa ne naa rynrn, jep nsnpmanane nayune xareropnsannje n xaranornsannje
nexor nojma y nnnenrap nonnca nha, ne mopa a ye npemer ooxanana. Jenaxo
raxo moxe a ye xona n cyjera nnonnaxa xojn rnme mro nne cmarpajy a je
jenno nnxona nocenocr naxna, jep raa nnme nnje ornopen sa snaxe npncycrna
yxa, nema nenocpenor yena y eneprercxoj unnennnn orahana cnecrn o
crnapnocrn xnnora y cnery. Opnnromanrnmxn, nrnne ce ne nojanyjy cnyuajno
npe snauajne orahaje, neh nx pyxonohene sanonemhy yxa oenexanajy. 3a

28
4ucuo.oe, rnana 43 /npen. p Mnnopa M. Hasnh,/, Feorpa, 1989., crp. 48
29
Arnnjy nony saxnannnny / Opny ns nea nsnepnrn / He n nn nam naro oneo (Rg-veda, VII, 15,
4); 3a opnom ysnerennm na cno nea / Mnore cy saxnannnne nnehnx xyene / Mnorocnanene
cnexe onpyjy mnorn / 3narocjajny nrnny mro na semn crojn (ucmo, IX, 85, 11).

80
nnemena cenepnoamepnuxnx Hnnjanana snaxajna parnnuxa nrnna je coxo, sa
mesoamepnuxa opao nnn xonop, a xao mro je sa enponcxo ycrno rony cnmon
mnpa, ranpan n xoc cy necnnnn crpaana n cmprn. Hn nrxa na Kocony noy nnje
es cnoje cnmonnuxe nrnne no xojoj je n camo noe onno nme. Kao unan
cnernocnor xpyra nrnunjnx nnemena, xaxo n ro nmenonann crapoceenaxxn
xnren Amepnxe, nrnna xoc je cnojnm npncycrnom oenexnna orahaj nrxe, ann
ocrajyhn xao nsa saneca cxpnnena o yonuajennx ycxnx nornea sanernx
parnnxxom japomhy. Hcro ce oraha n ca neyounnom nrnnom - Marep Cnana, xojn
je nornann enn opao xojn je saenexen na pesonnm amunnama neponarno ns
eneror nexa naxon pohena Xpncronor.
30

Hpenopje y xoje ynex moxemo a crynnmo xaa nac crncxa xareropnsannja
npnmopana na ooxanane raxnnx onnca n nonnca nha, jecre noesnja ca cnojnm
nasa cnexnm naaxnyhem ns apxernncxnx nmensnja. V noj nasa nsnja nemro o
]enomenonomxe nenocpenocrn xoja ocnoahanem nojana oesehyje naaxnyhe n
osapene. Onnc ce ry nnamnsyje n ynyhyje na npomnpene cnyrnn, xao n oxperane
orpomnocrn xocmnuxnx pasmepa y ncropnjcxnm orahannma, ecxpajy xojn raxohe
moxe a ce ornopn xao y ronnnm n xnnaxnnm crnxonnma Anexceja Crenanonnua
Xomjaxona:

OPAO
Tu cu eucoro euesoo nocmaeuo,
Op.e no.vuohuux C.oeeua,
Luporo cu rpu.a pacnpocmpo,
V ueoo ovooro omuuao!
Hemu, a.u v eopne +ope ceem.a,
Ioe cv cu.oeumo ouuvhe epvou
Caeope.e noo npumucro+ c.ooooe.
He saoopae+af ua +.ahv opahv!
Ha cmenv rpamrooueeuoe rpafa,
Ha oa+uu ce sanao ocepuu:
Ta+o ux fe +uoeo, eoe fe euee vuaea,
Ioe cv ce A.nu oo.au+a ooaeu.u,
Ha cmeneuuumu+a rvha, v Kapnamu+a ma+uu+,
V eucopaeuu+a u uv+a+a Ba.raua,
V cmucu+a Teemouaa eepo.o+uux,
V cma.uu+ cuuoxupu+a Tamapa...

Ono nocehane na nene nnpannje xoje nsnjajy ns nopyxe onnx crnxona,
nocrnue nac a yxaxemo na nponnsopnocr rese anrpononora Xona upejsepa xojn je
rnpno xaxo cy cnmon xernrcxor enor opna rex y cpenem nexy npeysenn Typnn

30
onerena je nrnna n sanenana. Cnaxo neno nepo cnjano je pyrom ojom. H noh ce npernopnna y an
jep je nenana o nrxama ns npomnocrn. Ceha nac na ope nenpnjarea n ouena namnx xojn na nac
rneajy ca nea cnner n ocmexyjy nam ce. H raxo mn nncmo camn jep cy onn ynex ys nac...Cnana namnm
ouennma n marepama mro nac nayunme a oxancxo nomryjemo n noxasame nam nyr Hpana xojn
cnencmo n oronnma cnany nojemo n Cnonenn cmo. (Be.ecoea rnuea, npen. p Pannoj Hemnh, Fr.,
1997., crp. 14)
81
Cenuynn, a o nnx y npeme xpcramxnx parona Enponann, na a je na raj naxnn
crnrao o aycrpnjcxor n pycxor napcxor rpa. Fenn opao anno je nereo y
crnapanauxnm nnsnjama pycxnx mamana, na nnje mopao npno a ce norypun a n
Pycn sa nera snann, a jom jenom naa nonprarn xaxo je y xpnmhancrny
npncnojen anno npe nacryna cpenenexona cnemrennm cnnxapcrnom xao
neronnm onananem y snaxy cn. Anocrona Jonana. V camoj Cpnjn on je oomahen
rpancnapenrno, nanasehn ce n na oexama name nnacrnje Hemannha. Hsrnea a
cy npeocrane camo conynnje a cy sananoenponcxn opnoncxn cnmonn nacrann no
nmnepnjannnm yrnnajem Pnma, ox cy rneann apjaxe nnxonnx mohnnx nernja xoje
nx ocnajajy n noxopanajy xao napnape n nopnjcxe xope. Mn cmo ce mnoro nyra
xynann y "hepycnjenom nary", raxo a je opnoncxn cnmon sa namy remxy n
crpaanny cynny cnnonnman ca noreom sa cnooom n camocrannomhy o
ryropcrna n narponara xojn cy nam roxom ncropnje xonxnncxaopcxn namerann.
Ham enn opao raxo cnmonnme cnernonnxo nnn snarocjajno nopexno pxannocrn,
napounro naxon xprne napone, xoja je nonecena 1489. r. roxom Koconcxe nrxe.
Parnnuxa cpeha n Foxja npomncao ounrneno nnje nna na cpncxoj crpann, na je
norpara sa rnm re ce nanasn cmncao cynpocranana raxnoj cnercxoj
noponnauxoj cnnn, nacranena na rpancnennpajyhoj pannn xprnene neecxe
sacnyre sa opany xpnmhancrna yonmre, re npnxyuena neecnnnnma xojn ne
mape sa semacxe cnane n onrn. Hpanan xperana ror cmncna sa nac nsnja na raj
naunn ns nosanne n ynesyje nac y mnrcxy nepcnexrnny cacnnm nernrnmno,
onymrajyhn a n ae nernrnmno nparnmo snaxe npncycrna yxa xao nanera
neouexonanor n nenosnaror /ro je, pennmo, nno snauajno eneecernx ronna npe
cpyunnana nea na Jyrocnannjom, xao n youn omaponana Cpnje o HATO-
naxra 1999/.
Mnrcxa nmensnja napymana yonuajennm uynnma n pasymom oxyunnn
nopeax, npeoxpehyhn mncnn y nenosnaro, opahajyhn nac snannma yxa xojn cy
nam ocrynnn sa ounranane orahaja ns axrnnne crpane ecxonaunocrn xaa cmo y
ny nenocpeno yponenn /ro, yocranom sanncn n o omnnanre pannonannsaropcxor
nocna ncnxnuxe cnryannje y nama, re rpannn ym cne ro npnxpnna n
nnnoamrana a n no jennn naxan/. Mnrcxa cnryannja oronna ce n cama
saxnaxyjyhn npncycrny axrnnne crpane ecxpaja xao cnojenpcnor oprannsonanor
xaoca, am xao a je nocranena o camor yxa y pannn nexor nemor snana xoja je
xpos ny enonano. Hamepa yxa ynpxoc nopasy non nocnehene
cnoooynnomhy, es osnpa na ]axrnuxn nopas xao unnennuno crane.
Eneprercxn rneano pasym nna nonecno nopaxen y yxy xaa ce necnora mehy
cannemennnnma npennaa, re ca npenasnnaxenem nexnx rex nnunnx nnena, rex
naprnxynapnnx nnn ]parmenrapnsonannx cnpxa, nocrnrne carnacnocr ca neecxnm
cnnama.
Pemenocr xoja je nanena Cpe na nennxo crpaannnmrno sapa opane
ornnmra n oraxnne, jecre onaj nspas spyxene noe xao xonexrnnno ojennene
namepe yxa a ce ncxycn xasnnane o neronoj mohn, a ce yma napoa cacnnm
npeoxpene ne n nn ncxycnna nenosnaro, a ca rnm nenosnarnm caxnnena n
onpnnena enonynnjn cnecrn y oxancxnm pasmepama. V rom je cmncny ro orahaj
nsyserno snauajan n npean namhena, ne camo sa namy napony xonexrnnny cnecr,
nero n sa cne one xojn ce nanase no namepom yxyunnana y nmensnjy oxancxe
82
enonynnje cnecrn, xao pemenocr a ce npnxynanem snaxona yxa n nemnx snana
xoje nx noe, oorarn cnara ycxor yxa n nocraxne nsmena nerone pymrnene
ocnone na xojoj nounna y xomynnxarnnnnm opacnnma ycxor cnera, ne n nn
onpna o yxyunnana y ony orpomnocr ecxonaunor mopa cnecrn xoja cnernocno
spaun na nennxo.
Ty ne moxe a ye peun o naronomxoj cxnonocrn nacny nnn
cnnexnjcrny, yyhn a je crpaane yunneno xpos enemenre xpnmhancxe nepe
npexo xojnx je npxna nponena cnooapcxo ocehane n cehane na cnerno
pxannocrn y cnojnm nepnma cne o ]opmnpana Feorpacxor namanyxa n
ycranno-emoxparcxn nonoycnocranene Cpnje, ca ynacxom re pxanornopne
nonopnnne n y sajennny jyxnocnonencxnx napoa. Oxpenyrocr nornanor enor
opna xa oema snauajnnm crpanama cnera (ncroxy n sanay) y nnamnsmy ena no
xome cmo mn "sana na ncroxy n ncrox na sanay", npe cnera je ynocr xoja je
cnpemna sa ornopenocr capane, opocycecrno, opany n npncxaxane y nenon.
3anemapnnane re cnmonnxe jecre n sanemapnnane namepe yxa xoja nporonapa y
cnojoj oporonnxocrn, re oxperane nexnm pyraunjnm noyama n snauencxnm
acnexrnma nonamana. V pamarnunnm oxonnocrnma on je cam napo nrnyr y
openn nonoxaj, y nncoxoj pannn capan y neron nnx xao cxynenn oprannsam
orpnyr nenom npane, jeno reno cnpemno na ejcrnonane no rpannunnm nnnnjama
cnera. On je ns nepcnexrnne npncnojene namepe yxa y xonexrnnny cnecr,
ncronpemeno n npacnnxa napoa xoja nenannn sno n snounncrna y xaxnnm a ce
ro oxonnocrnma snnajy, cnmonnmyhn nerony oxynenocr n npanenonnxy
ojennenocr y opann. Ta ojennenocr je npe cnera npnrnmhyhe ojennanane
noe, xojoj xao npanenoj naa a ce noxope cnn nparonn n nemann, jep rom noom
nnaa Foxnja npana, ynpanajyhn y nnxy enor opna capann napo y ncnpannom
npanny. Vxonnxo ce npannn ojennanana re noe noxaxy xao nenoa nenpane
synyjyhnm n ocyjehyjyhnm nonamanem, onasn o enacrannje cnmona n
nornynor nocycrajana neronor eneprercxor snauaja.
Vnpano ry cnyrny y xnnoj pesnrnannjn xoja je cnoj npxynan ocrnsana y
npenacxy cpncxe nojcxe npexo Anannje, onpnyo je n Bnancnan Herxonnh-nc,
y necmn 3eoua ua fvmpene, sanocno nenajyhn:

Ja uuca+ c.vmuo oa he oauu oohu,
Be.uru u ee:uu, oau v +ofe oooa,
eoe.aeu op.oeu oa he peoo+ npohu
Oro ceufv e.aea, npero cearoe epooa.
Ja uuca+ c.vmuo ucnoo uohu cuee,
a cv eeh mv pvre cnacouocue, sopaee,
H epvou eoe mon.o cea npeoana ruee,
a cv ua+ npucmue.u uocuou c.aee...

83
Hpeocraje camo jom jeno nnrane na xojnm ce n anac naa nanern. To je
nnrane je a nn cmo n caa cnoconn a nacxpcnemo nsnopne eneprnje snauena
onor cnmona, nnn cy nam one nocrane nornyno crpane n nenosnare, saxnayjyhn
pyraunjnm npenocrnma xoje cy nac nocnennx enennja npocro sanocene?
Herarnnan oronop na nera cnaxo nocehane na onaj npaannn cnmon xojn cy
renepannje n renepannje raxo nonocno nocnne na xanama n sacranama, yunnno n
cacnnm nsnnmnnm. Ona n npeocrano jenno a ce ncno cnnx cpymennx mocrona,
sacrana n xana, uonex nnne y cnooy es nxaxnor mnrcxor, openor nnn sanernor
recna, pyxonohen snannma yxa xojn yxasyjy na onaj anno Hcycom Xpncrom
naronemren cner xojn je onocrpano napcrno Cnennmner.




































84
4. VHAB KAO XHBOTOABHA PEKA CHOBEHCKOI CBETA

Cnmonnxa pexe ynan nporexe ce cne o y name npeme xao
mnronomxn nsnop nesan sa apone xnnena. O nemy xasyjy nopnjcxe sare n
cnonencxe npnnonecrn, raxo a on nnje nnmra mane xnnoroanna n cnera pexa y
nenom cnom cpeneenponcxom roxy, nero mro je ro na npnnnxanany ymhy, npema
Fanxany. Taj rox ynana moxe a yxaxe na nonesnnana anno onojennx oana, na
xojnma cy ce onnjann mnrcxn sannern renroncxnx orona ns Barneponnx onepa n
npnnoneauxe nepnnernje cnonencxnx orona y pyxonncnma Pacrxa Herponnha, xao
mro moxe n a nx pasnaja y rorono nocene cnerone.
Cneehn crape oxymenre, nerona npancropnja moxe a nam yxaxe a nope
nanasnmra apre]axara nncoxe nnnnnnsannje Henencxor Bnpa moxemo a nanhemo
n na Bnnuancxy xynrypy, xao pasnnjeny neonnrcxy ]opmy nnnnnnsannje ca
nncmenomhy n pennrnosnnm oenexjnma. Cne ce no roj npehn carneanana
crnapnocrn, xao jenoj o mnornx npnua o mohnma yxa, (xoje cnaxaxo npenasnnase
pasym xojn nam je ar sa yonuajeny oneparnnnocr cnanaxena y nonomxnm
nmneparnnnma n connjannnm crarycnma opeheny crnapnocr), orahano xao
cnryannja xoja ce pasnnjana y onem Hoynany npe ocam mnnennjyma.
Apxeonomxe pacnpane yxasane cy yrnannom ycarnamennm cranonnma na xynrypy
Henencxor nnpa, pasnnjany npe nnme o ecer mnnennjyma. Oca mnronomxnx npeha
xoje je moryhe cxnarnrn xao oxnnajna orahana, raxo ne npexo Henencxor
Bnpa n Bnnue, rnuyhn ce npe cnera npnonrne nncmenocrn n xynrona nesannx ys
ope caxpannnana mprnnx. Hope crannmra na Henencxom Bnpy orxpnnena cy
xamena cenmra ca xapaxrepncrnunnm yyennma y xameny xoja cy cnyxnna sa
nsnnnane xprnennx npnnoca oronnma, xao n cxynnrype nesane sa re cnemrene
opee. V ennnenrpy onuno cy ce nanasnnn onnxonann onyrnn, cxynnrype o
xpynnospnacror xnapnnor nemuapa xoje neponarno cnmonnsyjy xnne om]anoce,
xnne npnnnxe xoje npnsnnajy samrnrnnuxe xonrnomepare eneprnja. To n pyrnm
peunma morno a ce nmenyje n xao roremcxo ncxasnnane, xoje ce raxohe
ynorpeanano n y nnxy pna, yn-pna, jenena, opnamenrannor orarcrna
cnnpana, nnnonyra, saxpnnennx ]opmn. Hrne, rpannpe, amynern, cxnnrpn,
mysnuxn nncrpymenrn, canpna n parnnuxn npemern o xocrn, cne cy ro ocrann
xojn apre]axrnuxn cneoue o ycnocranany enemenrapnnx nesa ca npnonrnnm
cnnama xnnora y rnm apeannma ynana xojn je onjao cnoje nocnehennuxe
xapaxrepncrnxe.
Cenepno o nnannne Fopej, xacnnje nasnanoj Xemoc /3njano, 3enano/ nnn
Fanxan, nanasno ce y Hoynany mnrcxn napo Xnnepopejana (no Xepoory, 4,
32). Hpema Hnnaponoj necmn (Humufcra 10,27), ro je sema ca narnm
noneem, y xojoj xnren ne cejy n ne xany, ne rpae xyhe n ne rpne nenoe
crapocrn, onecrn n parona. Fnaxenn cy, npanenn, mypn n nooxnn, a ye
necmy n nrpy. V nnxony semy ne crnxe ce nn mopem nn xonnom, a npncrynauna je
camo oronnma n nnxonnm mnennnnma. Hoceno nspaxanajy nomronane npema
Anonony, a na xprny my npnnoce nne marapne. V Xnnepopejn je pohena
rnranxa Hera, majxa Anonona n Apremne (noop Cnnnncxn, Buo.., 2,47), xojy je
3enc npeopasno y nyunny a n nserna Xepnny cpuy. Haxon rora nyxonn cy joj
noxasann nyr o pexe Cpnne (Kcanroc y Hnxnjn), na je no nnma raxo nasnana n
85
nena ra onacr Hnxnja (=nyuja sema), a n ce npema nerenn e]nnnrnnno
npecennna na onnmn xo 3enca.Kaa cy ce na eny ponna oxancrna Anonona n
Apremne, en je oraa nycr n npasan nponnerao n samnpncao, a nayonn cy
nenann n onerann ocrpno. 3enc je Anonony noxnnno snarny mrpy, nnpy n xona ca
nayonom sanperom, raxo a cy my arpnyrnnna cnojcra nocrana crpena, nyx, nnpa,
rponoxan, om]anoc n nan, a oxancxa ynora my je oeena a o sna pann n
mrnrn ye, rpaone, nnne, cerny, nacrnpe n noceno cne oonene.
V en]e Anonon je omao o Xnnepopejana rex naxon ronny ana,
cpennom nera, re ce omax ynycrno y opy ca Hnronom, axajom xoja je uynana
crapo Iejnno cnernnnmre. Vno ra je xnmom crpena, npncnojno npopounmre n
cnernnnmry nocnerno rponoxan no xojem je nocrao naanexo uynen. 3or rora je
ono ennrnmnjy n mopao je a nponee ecer ronna y Tecannjn, re ce oxenno
Koponnom, hepxom nannrcxor xpaa unernje, a n c nom ono cnna Acxnennja,
xojn je sarnm nocrao or nexapcxe nemrnne n cnannna ra je ca najnehnm nouacrnma
n Hnaronona Axaemnja. V Tpojancxom pary, Anonon je nomorao Tpojannnma y
opn npornn Axejana (yrnm omernnnnma acnpcxor nnemena Axanane),
npoyspoxyjyhn, nsmehy ocranor n Axnnejeny cmpr. 3or sanepe npornn 3enca
Anonon n Hocejon nnn cy xaxnenn na ronny ana a yy xo xpaa Tpoje
Haomeonra n a ramo carpae xnxnoncxa yrnphena (Xomep, H.ufaoa, 21,435-465).
Haomeonr je apanon noromax, unjn je cnn Hpnjam nnaap Tpoje y oa nsnjana
para.
Hapon ca cenepa, no Iopny uajny (1926, 63, 72), y pennnm ernnarcxnm
oxymenrnma nasnnajy ce auvuu. Onn ce cnomnny n npe 1400 r. n.n.e. y
oxymenry ns Ten En Amapa, sajeno ca Baxanamnma (neponarno cxnrcxnm
Caxnma) n Bapannma (nncxnm Capnma). anynn ce cnomnny n xacnnje, y
ernnarcxom narnncy y xpamy Menner Xay y Ten, y snax saxnannocrn Pamsecy
III, xojn je 1194. n.n.e. ono nenpnjarecxe nanae napoa ca mopa. Hpema
rpuxom ncropnorpa]y Haycannjn (Onnc Xenae 10, 23,2), y jecen 279. r. n.n.e. Ho
xomanom Fpenona Kenrn cy nnn nopaxenn o crpane maxeoncxe n rpuxe nojcxe,
a y roj nnn yuecrnonann cy n anynn (Xnnepopejnn, Hoynannn) no nohcrnom
Haooxa. Kacnnjn nasnn sa anyne cy Mncn n Mehann, a jom xacnnjn Bnacn, cne o
one uynene Statuta Valachorum aycrpnjcxe napennne, xojn je cnojenpcan ycran sa
Cpe rpannuape y Bojnoj Kpajnnn. Hpnua o nocrojany Cpa n Cnonena na onem
Hoynany penna je, a npne xnacnune nsnemraje ca oxymenrapnnm nanohenem
nmena nonynnn cy nam Hnnnnje Crapnjn n Hronomej. Hnax, moxemo nonemro a
casnamo n ns pyrnx nsnopa, xojn n yxasnnann na noarxe o cynnn Cnonena n
nnxonom npncycrny na rny Hoynana nexonnxo nexona naxon pohena Xpncronor.
Oxo nononnne VI nexa Cnonenn cy ce npocrnpann xa sanay neh o Hae, a xa jyry
najnehnm enom yx nene oane ynana, n snann cy ce ona Henacrn, Haypn,
Cnrnnn, Benen, Anrn, Cnopn, Capmarn, Tpnann, Jasnrn, Iern /onmnpnnjn
anrponoreorpa]cxn onnc ao cam y xnnsn Kpamra apxeoepaqufa Cpoa, Honn Ca,
1997/. Hcro raxo, onn xojn cy anac sanann nnn nemxn Cnonenn, nnn cy Cpn no
Hop]nporennry n namnm xponnxama xao reorpa]cxn Jyro-Cnonenn y crapoj
nocrojnnn. To a cy ce npnn Cnonenn y uemxoj n y nenom noropjy cyero-
xapnarcxom najnpe cnaxaxo snann Cpn, a y nenom nenom Hoynany o Fanapcxe
Cnonenn, o rome nmamo neocnopnnx oxasa npno y cneouncrny rope naneennx
86
canpemennx ncropnuapa, a nocne y camnm najcrapnjnm npeannma onocrpannx
Cnonena. a n ce onprana moryha cponocr rnx yn ns npaannnx npemena n
napoa xojn onrana ncre re anrponoreorpa]cxe npocrope mnnennjymnma n
nexonnma xacnnje, naa ce ocnpnyrn n na nsnemmraje crapnx ncropnja xojn cy
nonemro ycnenann a xaxy n o enomnnonannm crapocpncxnm n crapocnonencxnm
nesama ca pennommhy. Alba Serblia nanasn o Anna nns neny Hocannny, a
nsmehy ancxe n Hocxe - Cnanonnja. To nam nornphyje onnc xojn je uynenn
ncropnuap Xenmon jom anno ocrannnmn sannc o rome y Hemonucv C.oeeua:
Haa, oner, ennmnuno reue ncnpna cnaxno y uemexoj n raxohe xo Copaa, a y
cpenem roxy enn Cnonene o Caxconana, enehn n najnonnjy xamypmxy
napoxnjy o pemencxe, ynasehn y cnannn pnrancxn Oxean. pyra pexa, ro jecr
Opa, cnymrajyhn ce ns Fopeja, nponasn cpennom napoa Bnnyna, enehn
Homepane o Bnnnnja, xo xojnx cy npara mro nx nomopnn sony Fanrnuxnm.
Hexaa je ry nna najrocnocrnennja pxana Benera, xoja ce cacrojana o
najcnannnjnx nacea Bapnapa n Ipxa, mro cy nnn y nesn. O nnxonnm uynennm
rpaonnma, unja ce nennunna nexaa ncrnnana ca noysanom cnarom, xonnxo je
moryhno nocernrn ce, ysnnmenor je craryca. Hajnnme o cnnx spannx rpaona, o
xojnx je caunnena Enpona, ejaxy onn xoje cy naceanann Cnonenn ca ocrannm
memannm naponma, rpuxnm n napnapcxnm. (Xenmon, Chronica Slavorum I,c.2. -
Monumenta Germaniae historica, T. XXI, 1868, (Pertz) V xnnsn Schaffarik. Pavel
Joseph, Schlawische Altertmer,T. II, Leipzig,1844. Ba]apnx nanon nsane
Xenpnxa Fanrepra y Hnexy ns 1659. ronne, re je naneenn rexcr opnrnnanno
npenecen ns uernpror ocexa y pyrom nornany.) Hope nsnemraja Bnnyca
Cexnecrepa, o rome a Haa enn Cpe o Cnena na repnropnjn anamne uemxe, y
crapouemxom cneny o Cvov Hvovuuuo+ xaxe ce a uemxn napo onasn y orare
onacrn none oraunne ns nexaxne seme npexo rpn pexe.
Hpema neronncny Hecropy Cnonenn cy onajxaa nacranenn na ynany, a
nonparax (ceoe y Hnnpnx) orono ce no nohcrnom Anapa n Fyrapa, xao nnxnx
cannemennxa Arnnnnnx Xyna. Anapn cy nnn rpana ncrounnx Xyna, xojn cy xao
Vrypn nnn Vjrypn npenasnnn y V n VI nexy nennxe npocrope nsa Bonre n o
Kacnnjcxor mopa na cenep, mro je n nna enoxa nnxone nennunne n cnane. Bnx cy y
noynn najauann camo Typnn, na cy ocrannnmn rpn pyre xope: Tapnaxe,
Kouarepe n 3aenepe, Vrypn xpenynn y npanny sanaa, npnrncxajyhn ycnyr pyre
napoe n naceanajyhn ce na nnxonnm repennma. V nperonopnma ca Bnsanrnnnnma
nocpecrnom Capoma, xpaa Anana, onn cy cxnonnnn canes sa parny capany xojn
je no ycmepen npornn Vryprypa (Fyrapa) n Canpa, a n pasnnn n njarcxe
Cnonene nnn Anre, re ce na xpajy saycrannnn na ynany. Hpann Anapn sor rora
nocrany osnojehenn n Jycrnnnjan Vrypnma nyxano nonyn Hoynane ymecro
opyue, re cy nnn crannonnpann na repeny yyhe Maunancxe anonnne,
carnpyhn ncronpemeno jom jenom, cnny Bjara nnn Anra. V cnojoj xnnsn o npnnm
nexonnma cpncxe ncropnje, Koncranrnn Hnxonajennh je ro xnno onncao: Ho
Cnonennn y oe Xpnarcxe n Cpn y nenoj Fojxn yy sa 5-6 ronna cxpos
nopaxenn (562-568) nocne onacxa Anapa na ymhe ynana. O Anra, xaxan npehe
jom 562. nnn 563. ro. xa Cnonennnma, o Cnonenana xa Cpnma; n yxac je xpuno
nyr nanpe neronom opyxjy, cnya noeonocnom. On npojypn nenom cpenom
Cnannjom o ncroxa xa sanay. (crp. 76) Bnx je xacnnje pasno ]panauxn xpa
87
Cnrepr nsa Hae (562. nnn 563.), re cy na Xaxanon /nnn Fajanon/ saxren cxnonnnn
mnp, xaxo nnme Hananxn y Hoeecmu Ueure, mro je sa Anape y raxnom pacyny nno
nonono. Vronnxo npe, mro je n Fajan nocne uernpn ronne ononno cyxo n
noryxao Cnreprony nojcxy narnanmn je y er, a Feno-Cpn n Xpnarn xojn cy nnn
y nasannom onocy npema upannnma n Caxconnnma, ocnoonnn cy ce rex 630.
ronne no nohcrnom Cama. Hnxonajennh je crora cacnnm ynepeno nonyxao: Hs
onaxnor /poncxor/ crana, nsmehy Cane n Hae, Cpe je ocnoono rex Camo oxo
630. ronne; a axo Paxycxa (norona Aycrpnja) nnje nena nornana no Anape, ona
cy n Cnonennn (Xpnarn) orne y raxnom onocy mornn ocrarn. (crp. 85) Crapn
nojnoa Hapsec je ca Jycrnnnjanonom cmphy ocneo ycne sanncrn y nemnnocr
nacnennxa Jycrnna, raxo a je sor napnunnor ncmenana noneo ocranxy n
cxnonnnmn ce y Hany ocranno oropueny nopyxy xpay yrnx Hanroapa
Moreu oohu. To je jom jean y nnsy ncropnjcxnx npnmepa sa ycxy oecr n
nyny nonnrnuxy nenpomnmenocr, xojom cama ncropnja onnnje onnyje.
Ca cnojnm xpaem Anonnom Hanroapn cy cxnonnnn canes ca anapcxnm
xnesom Fajanom, re sajennuxn nanann Ienne, xojnma nap Jycrnn, naxno ce
nsronapajyhn, nnje npyxno oehany nojny nomoh. Taxo cy Vjrypn nnn Xynn
nonparnnn repnropnjy na xojoj cy ce nera ysnsann Arnnnnn maropn. Jesnn je
noarax, a je xpa Hanroapa Anonn ao a ce o noane Kynnmyna, xpaa
Ienna, naunnn nexap sa ncnnjane nnha na rosama /uynena Harnis scala/ oxonany
cpepom n snarom. /Schaffarik, P.J., ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Ofen, 1828., crp.
86/
Horyxanmn Ienne na ueny ca Anonnom, Hanroapn cy 568. r. xpenynn
na Hrannjy, a yjrypcxn nnn xyncxn Fajan je ca npomnpenem cnoje nnacrn onpemno
pany cnary sa cnoj napo nannxao na nauxy nnn parnn nnen. Taxo je nacenno
panmny cnonencxy pajy na onycromene renncxe n nanroapcxe seme (567-
592). Cnonenn cy y ro oa pana cnara nesana nannnma noannmrna sa Anape n
Vryprype no Hopnxy n Kapnnjn, cancxoj Hanonnjn n Cpemy, Fauxoj n Fanary. Hs
onor cyxancxor nonoxaja nsnnaunnn cy ce namn npenn xaxo cy snann n ymenn, ann
ro cnaxaxo ne mopa a snaun xaxo cy ce nanasnnn y cyponocrn xoja nm je nouecro
snypao npnnncnnana: "Camo je norpeno a ce uynamo rora a ce xao ncrnnnrn
cmarpajy noann crapnx nncana o xnnornncxoj cyponocrn cenepnnx Enponana, no
nmeny Iepmana n Capmara. Hnmra na onom cnery nnje raxno sno xao npecrana xojy
onuno nmamo o nemauxoj n cnonencxoj npomnocrn, a xojy nam ynex nonanajy
name ncropnjcxe xnnre. Tamrnna xojom Ipnn, oxonocr n nonoc xojom Pnmann,
nnaajyhn cnerom, rneajy na ocrane nannje semnne xyrne xao na napnape, jom
ynex enyje na nac, raxo a nonanamo no Ipnnma n Pnmannma, a cy y jeno
ncro npeme, xaa cy onn nocrnrnn najnnmn crenen yxonne xynrype, ocrane nannje
nne yronyne y najyy cyponocr, a cy rex sanouene a ce ysnxy ns
cnpomamrna cxopo xnnornncxor oncranxa, es osnpa mro cy ce ca onnma
rpannunnn, ca nnma cranno xonraxrnpann, mehycono pasmennnann poe,
nocehnnann ce npexo nsacnannxa, cnyxnnn nm ronnama xao nojnnnn nr. Hmajyhn
y nny one onoce ne moxe ce pyraunje neponarn, nero a Maxeonnn n Tpauann,
Iann n Iepmann n Capmarn nnax nncy nnn cyponn napnapn, npema ce nncy
nanasnnn na nnnoy rpuxe n pnmcxe npocnehenocrn, neh a cy nmann pxany,
saxone, a cy nonsann rpaone, pxanne nncrnrynnje, a cy mrnrnnn nnacnnmrno
88
nr." /Schaffarik, P.J., ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Ofen, 1828., crp. 87/ Cnaxaxo
a ne rpea a ncnane nexn nanpeax y nnnnnnsannjn n uyneno xyncxo nyxancrno
oxo cysnjana Cnonena 577. r. sa nesany Pomejcxy cnny anraxonany y asnjarcxnm
cyxonma, re je Cnpmnym no npnnnauna mera sa nnxpycrpannjy y ynny
nnsanrnjcxe repnropnje. Cnemno n nno n nennuane ocnajauxor nncrnnxra, xaxo
nexn namn nncnn ro unne nonohenem sa npnmepom Xerenonnx cpuannx Typaxa
xao ]arymom nnsanrnjcxe ncropnje, rymauehn nanoe xponorpa]a Menanpa o
cnnpenom xpmeny are saxnerne n nyxanom saysnmany Cnpmnyma 581. r., unje je
ernnuxo oxpyxene nno cnonencxo nnn cpncxo (Fopnne nnn Fpannne), ca
onyncxnm nannahnnanem anxa o Pomeja.
Taj nonecnn xopnsonr nnje naxo nn pasorxpnrn, nn noxasarn xpos
ersncrennnjannn xapaxrep, ann nam ce nyn n nsnas y nocpenoj nmensnjn xojom
ce ane yxonne nayxe. V ro n xonauno mopana a ce ypoje n ncropnjcxo-
]nnonomxa ncrpaxnnana ca nopyuja Hcroune Enpone xoja n onynnna pyne y
naynn, xaxo je ro ca opehennm raxrom sa ycnocranane noyane pannorexe
npenopyuno n Xanc-Ieopr Iaamep: V oxnnpy rnx arocrn /ncrpaxnnauxo-
reorpa]cxnx/, xynrypno jenncrno sananor cnera ]opmnpano ce xpos nns
noxymaja a ce oxnnn anrnuxo nacnehe. Homro cy npomnn najxemhn nanern ceoe
napoa n nomro je pnmcxa npxna ycnena a ce namerne xao mohna cnara pea,
ncropnjy sananor cneara cranno cy, o xaponnnmxe penecance naonamo, nparnne
penecance repmancxo-pomancxnx napoa xojn cy cnennn Pnmcxo napcrno. Tex
nonaxo nounne y namy ncropnjcxy cnecr nponparn unnennna a je, sa ncrouny
nononnny Enpone, ns Bnsanrnje norexao cnnuan rpannnornopan yrnnaj n a ce
ye ycnajane re rpannnje onnjano y cnnunnm perpocnexnnjama. (X. I.
Iaamep, Bvovhuocm eeponcrux ovxoeuux uavra, y xn. Enponcxo nacnehe, Fr.,
1999. crp. 26-27) Ounrneno je a nac nnmra ne cnpeuana a noxymamo a
carneamo n moryhe penecance xoje cy nparnne xynrypnn pasnoj nesan sa
nnsanrnjcxy rpannnjy, re a cne one momenre xojn xapaxrepnmy opehene ycnone
npncnojnmo xao cacnnm opoomne nonore yonuajenom rymaueny, xao jeno
onyncxo orahene nnrepnperarnnnor xoa. Vsnmajyhn y osnp ro mro apem y
nauennom crany Iaamep ncnoana norpey a o peun ohy n Hcrounoenponejnn,
a c nnma a n Cnonenn yuecrnyjy y pasmenn xynrypa, ocoenocr xoja ce neronana y
ayroxronnjoj npcrn nonecnor pcsmarpana na namem noney, raxohe je snauajna
nomena n npernocrana paone xojn cy yponnn cacnnm sannmnnnm pesynrarnma.
Jyro-cnonenn nncy exann ns cnojnx cenepnnjnx npeena y Hnnpnx a n
ymaxnn cnnn xpaa Cama, jep cy n nouenn a ce cene rex y ronnn Camone cmprn
657.; ca excnansnjom o 662. ronne, sa mra je npe npann pasnor no pasop 22
pahe oxo eoe nacnecrna. Taxohe nnje morno ennx 300000 Capmara
Hnmnranra a nacenn cne o opyue o Maxeonnje n Hrannje n namnoxn ce y
ronnxo mnnnona Cnonena xojn cy ce namnn y Hnnpnxy nocne 680. ronne. Hpe
naxn resa a cy pasnjenn o Anapa n xacnnje Mahapa, a a cy ro ncrn
crapoceenauxn napon xojn cy n anac nosnarn xao Pycnnn, Cnonann, uecn,
Cnonennn, Cpn n Fyrapo-Cnonenn, a mro moxemo a nparnmo ns mane
xopnmhennx cnnca xojn o rome ronope Huoe.vc Iomxopv+, Peeuv+ C.aeopv+,
Xucmopua Ca.ouumaua Txo+u apxuharouu, Xpouura nona vr+auuua n I.aeo+cra
xpouura, Bnma n xonauno n morno a npnnane uacr a yy cnpcrann y
89
xareropnjy penenanrnnx cnnca xojn cnyxe xao nonecnn nsnop sa crapn nex namer
napoa. Ha omahnm ayrenrnunnm nsnopnma o Cvoa Hvovuuuoe, Hecmopoee
xpouure, Boevxea.oee xpouure n a.+u.oee xpouure, o anmarnncxnx xponnxa
nona yxannna, Hyxapnja n Opnna, a ce carnearn a je one Hoynane
mnrcxo rno ca xor nornuy Cpn n ocrann Cnonenn.
Ham nosnarn apxeonor, sacnyxan sa orxpnnane Bnnuancxe xynrype
oner Hoynana, Mnnoje M. Bacnh, y cnom omanem cnncy o Apronayrnma
Anononnja Pohannna, sanncao je: Mnr o Apronayrnma ne npyxa saca onone
noarxe o xynrypama y onnnama npnroxa ynana, cem pexe Cane, xoja ce y
mnrynamnpno naxo norpemno, cmarpa xao sanann ynan, a n nnme, rj. Canom,
xojn nocraje eenem ynana na ymhy Cane. Ouennno je, npema rome, a cy
Anononnoc Ponoc, a neponarnnje jom neronn nperxonnnn, mopann ennrn
ynan, a n nnme, rj. Canom n jenom noxnocom onenn Apronayre ca ynana y
Japancxo mope, xoje cy uoxejnn o xpaja BH nexa (510.r.) ocnojnnn sa joncxy
rpronnny (Cnnna n Arpna), npexo xojnx cy Apronayrn raxohe mornn nenocpeno
ocnern y cenepny Hrannjy, y Anne n cpeny Enpony. To je y rnannnm noresnma
nspaxeno snauene n capxnna rpuxor mnra o Apronayrnma na ynany, xojn
nornphyjy xomepnnjanne-nocpene nnn nenocpene nese nsmehy Jonnje n cpene
Enpone. 3aarax apxeonora je a cnomennnnma marepnjanne xynrype ns cnnna
ynana nornpe capxnny rora mnra sa ony onacr. (Mnnoje M. Bacnh,
Apeouavmu ua vuaev, Feorpa, CAH, CCXVII, xn. 2., 1953., crp. 89) Axo nocne
onor Bacnhenor yxasnnana mnronomxe cexnenne nnme ne sannmajy apxeonore, ro
ne snaun a je camnm rnm n capxaj oauen. Hpeane o Apronayrnma crapo je
xonnxo n ycmena n nncana xnnxenna rpannnja pennnx Xenena, ann ona nnje
jenna. Fyyhn a cy o xenrcxnx ocnajana no Cxopncxom, na ae namn npenn
rorono nanonnmnn y ncropnjn ne nn ce npema anamnem npemeny, ocrao je yrncax
a je cpenoenponcxo rno npocro no npeany raxno a moxe a npnnaa cnnma
pyrnma camo ne Cnonennma. One seme Anapn cy pxann y nnacrn cne o
xaponnnmxe enoxe (791. r.), na ce xpos ro npeme ry saneno nncy mornn y nnma
naceanarn nn anmarnncxn Xpnarn, nnrn xojn pyrn Cnonenn, naxo ce ne a
oxasarn a cy onn yonmre, n o xaponnnmxe enoxe, oarne nxa nmuesnn nnn
cnojy naponocr npomennnn. Vmecro nornphnnana n paspae snauaja nsnomena
rpuxor mnroca, cacnnm n ymecan npenor no nsnarane n paspaa cpncxor n
cnonencxor mnroca o Hoynany xao apxajcxom sannuajnom rny cnonencxor cnera,
rny na xome je pasnnjena npna nncmenocr n ycranonene ymernnuxe n xynrne
xapaxrepncrnxe xoje he a naxe xao ysopne y noronnm npemennma.
axne, yyhn a nam nocneny anrponoreorpa]cxy cnryannjy crapor
cnera y ymernnuxom nny aje opaheny nocnenn nennxn xenencxn cnen
Apeouavmura Anononnja Pohannna, re naa nocernyrn sa jom nonexom o
snauajnnx nn]opmannja. Cna ona norpea a ce ynnn mehycona nonesanocr
crnapn, onee o xnacn]nxannje n e]nnnnnje crnapn, jecre norpea yma sa
nn]opmncanomhy xoja ce onja nemrnnom pacnopehnnana opennna y capxaje
xojn ajy npeycnone sa crnnane snana. V npna na nenana Apeouavmure,
Anononnje onena oxynane apronayra, onpemy nahe Apro n nerony nnonny o
Konxne (anamna Ipysnja), npnsnnajyhn ora Anonona a my nomorne a
pacnpmn sn o marne xojn cxpnna cnany pennnx jynaxa. Tpehe nenane nounne
90
sasnnanem myse Eparo a my nomorne y npnxasnnany noyxnara Meeje, xhepn
xonxncxor xpaa Ajera, xaa jy je ocnojnna yan npema xenencxom jynaxy
Jacony, re my sor ne nomorna a nsnpmn nonnre xoje my je narypno nen cyponn
oran. H y uernprom nenany Anononnje je sasnnao mysy a my nomorne y onenanany
nnonne Apronayra pexom Hcrepom (ynanom ys nycry n nennxy pannnny
Haypnon, nnannny Anrypon n creny Kaynnax na ymhy ca Canom - IV,313-328),
Epnanom, Ponom, a n onpnn uax o Pajne n Ene, npomnn xpos recnan Cnnne n
Xapne, nope oncecnnnor nena Cnpena, nope xennoconor ocrpna Tnpnnaxnje re
nacy craa ennx ronea, a n saonnasno crnrnn o Konxne. Onnmn, na xom cy
Jaconone samrnrnnne, ornne Arnna n Xepa naronopnne A]ponry a yen cnor
cnna Epora, ne n nn oaneo yanny crpeny y cpne Meejnno, cnaxaxo a je
mnrcxn ronoc. Majcropcxom samncnn naa pxarn npnuy, xojom je ymernnx
neycneno ncnpenneo nnhene orahaja ca panom cnena, nemro paspahyjyhn cne
xopaxe snnana xpos xoje moxemo a nparnmo yhene n xperane nsyserne yanne
crpacrn. Vounno je a je cama Meeja neoma npnnnauan nnx sa Anononnjen
ymernnuxn nspas. Hpema je crnnna n sayena enojxa, nene npre mohne n
onyune uaponnne ocrajy. Ona ncnoana crpacrneny n naycxy yan xpos
nennxn ymennn nemnp xojn remxo a n nspxana njena cmprnnna, cne o
xnponnre onyxe a cama cen oysme xnnor, o uera je oronapa rex saxren
ornne Xepe. Jaconono cpne neh npn npnom cycpery ocnaja ra npnnnauna nnanoxoca
enojxa, xoja je xao uaponnna y crany a saycrann xperane snesa n mecena, a
cnojnm uaponnjama xnnnornme nna Tana ca Kpnra (IV,1665-1689), raxo a on
camor cee panana n ymnpe.
Toxom unranor ena Anononnje noxasyje nennxn nnrepec sa npeme, omrpo
pasnnxyjyhn npemencxa pasoa, ncnoanajyhn rnme cxnonocr xa apxeonornjn,
reonornjn n mnronnma. Cnrypno je neonxono a ce cnomene nerono enexene
pennor nenamxor mnra o crnapany cnera raxo, mro ce smnja O]non omora oxo
xocmnuxor jajera n ns nera cne nponcrexne. V cnojoj nnneapnocrn npeme ce rnme
pasnama, raxo a ce xpos re pasnomxe yena n oxancxo npeme nnxnnunnx rpajana,
xao n y nexy nacnyry pennor ncxa cpenne, re je ono cacnnm neopenno y
cnojnm nsnjannma.
32
Ounrneno je a je onaxna nnsnja nnrepnperarnnnn moyc

32
Apronayrn xao nannraropn y ananrypn rparana oxnnanajy n mamancxe nnsnje, nonyr
enn]annje ora Anonona, xao a cy naxon yror n nanopnor necnana sanann y rpanc:

Kao mro ce nononn npnnnxnn pay npemnoro nanpexy,
nnaxny opyhn semy, onnan snoj ca npara n
cnanna nnjen ce nnma; oun nm xoce no japmom
ce npenphy camo, cyn ax nm cnarano ns ycra
nsnasn cnnehn, a onn cneyn y semy nanxe
saaajyhn no unran oxnjn rpye ce an, raxo
jynann, nannuno nnma, necnnma pasnxy mope.
Ka jomre njenn ne cnany an, a rama ne jeme
jaxa, ymjecro nohn cnaamna jepo nacryname
cnjernocr, xojyno ynn cnnranem sony, raa
y nyxy rnnnjcxor oroxa nycror necnajyhn
ys nanop narnom ncnynen mnorom, na semy cryne.
Bnma ce Hernn nojann cnn, ns Hnxnje y anny
xoehn napoy pojnom Xnnepopejana yn,
91
nnhena xonrnomepara eneprnja na unje je yonnuanane snarno yrnnao xenencxn
mnrcxn xo, a neponarno n nocena necnnxona cxnonocr npema ory Anonony
(neronnm sasnnanem n nounne unran cnen). Hcro raxo, naa ncrahn a nam ce y
uernprom nenany cnena raxohe nyn n opehena nannonanna reorpa]nja oner
Hoynana. On nanon xaxo pennn nannraropn nnonehn ynanom nannase na
nnannny Anrypnon (neponarno upymxa Iopa nnn Anana), crena Kaynnax
(nenocmncneno Kanemeran re ce sanann Hcrep ynnna y ynan), xao n
nycrnny Haypnon (neponarno anamny ennnarcxy nemuapy) (IV,319-328).
Hsnopn sa cnnc, xaxo xaxy anonnmne cxonnje sa cnnc o nexnx anexcanpnjcxnx
nnnorexapa, on je nanasno y Tnmareronom cnncy O epauua+a, xao n
Tnmonaxronom O Crumu+a (nnn Apollonii Rhodii Argonautica, ex recensione et
cum notiis Rich. Phil. Brunchii, Lipsiae: Apud Goth. Fleicher Jun., T. II, 1813., s.
593). Cnaxaxo a oa cnnca, xao n mnore pyre, ne moxemo a xoncynryjemo,
yyhn a je Anexcanpnjcxa nnnorexa naena y nexonnxo nanpara n remeno
enacrnpana. Oxper npeannma xoja capxe n mane noysannx enemenara y
xasnnany o one mepe na xojy cmo nannxnn, nma sa nn a nonynn n ry, xao n
mnore pyre npasnnne xojnx cmo xonauno nocrann cnecnn, a ro nac ynyhyje na
npeoxperane mncnn y nenosnaro na nonn naunn, xojn n enenryanno nmao nsrnea
a nx xaxo-raxo nonynn cnexnjnm nspasom n xapaxrepncrnunnjnm xasnnannma. Ha
rom repeny y naneonnry ce noxasano nnrensnnno npncycrno mnomrna cnomennxa
penne nncmenocrn, a nopyxe xoje je ra pasacyra oxymenrannja crapnne cnana y
yyhnocr mory a ce nonmajy xao noxymaj npenoca yxonnnx ncxycrana na
noromcrno. Ha jenom npmenxy nahenom y Barnny, ncnncana je na rom jesnxy
nopyxa, xojy je xopncrehn nosnare pasnojne ]opme crapocpncxor jesnxa n
ernmonomxe npenocrn cnonencxnx jesnxa, Pnnoj Hemnh nponeo xpos cemanrnxy
xepmeneyrnuxnx pexoncrpyxnnja jesnuxnx crapnna y onomacnonomxoj
apxeorpa]njn, re ao npenor nmunranana nnn oronernyo. Ta nopyxa y xonaunoj
]opmn, npema neronom yeheny rnacn - xnnor je yan.










nemy ox xonme nns cenoounnne pymennm
rposnma nannx, naaxy ynojnn snarnn; y
nnjenoj y pynn cpepnn pxame nyx, na nnehnmn
nemy c pamena nncno rynan, no noramx nnjenn
ce rpecao orox, no xonny crpamno nycxaxy nann.
Ineajyhn nera uyan nx oyse crpax, ne cmjee
nnxo y oun y japxe ory nornearn npano.
Crajaxy ry oun oopnn semn, a on na anexn
nyr na mopem ysyxom xpeny (II, 662-684)

92

5. Hpuxeamane xpuuhaucmea uao peuueuje omeuoe+euoe cuoea u
eusuje oxaucuoe Boea


a ona cnryannja oxo ormarnsma n jepernuapcrna ne n ocrana y rony npesnpa
npema rpannnjn xpnmhancxe pennrnje, norpeno je yxasarn na ro a peu orma
nsnopno snaun yuene, a jepec nsop. Oycrajarn o yuena saro mro nac ono nnn ono
omera y npncryny, xao n rpaxnrn nsop ramo re je sacnonano anonxrnuxo
cranonnmre camo saro mro rsn. cnooa no cnaxy neny mopa a naxn, n nncy am
najopxnnnjn aprymenrn pasopnre mypocrn. Beh cmo nanomenynn xaxo onaj xojn je
ncnenao oy Foxancxoj Peun, Fory xao onome xojn ce oyxao y uenonjeuecrno,
raxohe ca nnmra mane xapa nnje nenao o npnonrnoj npnpon uonexa npe neronor
nperpemena n ornannmrna, xojoj nyu cjajna ocnerana ymy. Beromennm rparom
cneyjyhn roj nacnyrn no monom anheny cxnnn mene ca ounx monjex, a n ce y
npnnnnom cnennny ornopnno ono mro caunnana npnponocr npnpoe n xpajny
cnpxy cnera mro jecre n nna na rom cnery, naa a ce cnycrnmo o onor
ormaronomxor nsnopa neponana y Orenoneno cnono xoje je naronecrnno nnhene
oxancxor cnerna, a ro je rsn. ncnxacrnuxa rpannnja Hpanocnanne Hpxne ca cnojnm
nocennm mepnnnma sa onoc ycxor n oxancxor. Knnra Fopnca Peennepa,
Xpnmhancrno n Benecona xnnra, ynosopnna nac je na mnore ananornje
npacnonencxe pennrnje n xpnmhancxnx yuena, npocro ornapajyhn npocrop sa nejy
a xpnmhancrno ncnynana one norpee n nae xoje je raxna pennrnja o annnna
npernocranana. a n ce ro n noxasano y onncno oronopnom nny, naa naunnnrn
ncxopax npema pasymenany onnx nmensnja xpnmhancxor nacneha xoje cy n came
roxom npemena ocnopanane, nama anamnnma cnocone a npenecy anexo
pasymnnnje nopyxe n onymrajy a ns nnx nsnyuemo snauajne noyxe.
ormaronornxa nac raxo ne orpannuana y pasymenany, xaa ce ynyhyjemo npema
capxajnma n ns rnx capxaja unnnmo nopehena ca yonmrennjnm unnennnama xoje
naxe sa yx npemena y xome xnnnmo. Vcnon je cnaxaxo a yemo oronopnn sa
pasymenane ncrpaxnnanor, re a saxnarnmo npaocnon cnera mro jecre n nna na
nemy cxoan naunn, ne ycxpahyjyhn ]enomenonomxn ron pasanpana. V ]nnoco]njn
crapnx Ipxa n nnxonnx cneennxa y pasnnjannm acnexrnma craryca pe]nexcnje,
raxne npcre oronopnocrn npema xpajnoj ncrnnn nanasnmo camo exnaparnnno. Ta
osnnocr nocraje osnna rema ca crynanem y nonecr npeana o crnapanauxoj
npnpon Foxnjoj, xao ncxoncxa mann]ecrannja Peun xojy onocn enoxa
xpnmhancxor orxpnnena ncrnne cnera mro jecre n nna. Anonorercxa ena noxasyjy
eneprnunocr xoja nnje sa nornennnane, jep cy nacrajana y opany one ncrnne xojy je
Iocno nsnocno npema Cnerom Hncmy. 3ajeno ca enoxom narpncrnxe, xoja je
ornopeno n pasronerno sacnnnana npeane reopnjcxnx n npaxrnuxnx naunna crynana
na ncnnr n nponepe npe cnera nac camnx y raxnom ncnnrnnany, ro je onycrnno
cnerane orpomnor mncaonor ncxycrna xoje nnxaxo ne moxe a ye esnauajno, neh
eneprnuna unnennna, xaxo je ro ncraxnyro n xo canpemennx mncnnnana.
33


33
V nnnjcxom mncaonom cnery repmnm euepeeua nma, xao mro ce npno jacno noxasyje, pyraunje snauene nero
y crapoj ]nnoco]njn. Ann ynpxoc rome ne n rpeano a ce npennn a nojam euepeeua, epeou n unran noxaynap
xojn ry cnaa xo Hnarona n Apncrorena nsnopno npnnaajy nojmonnom cnery rexnnxe n xynrype, axne nn y xom
93
unnoco]nja y rom npeany nnje nonnxanana nnn omanonaxanana, nero joj je
nponanaxeno npano mecro, xaxo ra je jom y uerpnaecrom nexy onncao ncep
npanocnannor orocnona n jean o najxpnrnunnjnx reonora yonmre, Cnern
Ipnropnje Hanama (1296-1359), xaa xaxe: `Hcrnncxn ]nnoco]n`, xaxe nennxn
nonncnje, `nnn cy oanesnn a ce xpos casnane cymror ynyre npema yspoxy
crnapn`. Axo n axne no ncrnncxn ]nnoco]npajyhn, xperao n xa yspoxy, a xo ne
xpehe nnje ncrnncxn, re nema mypocr, neh xojexaxan omanyjyhn npnnn ncrnncxe
mypocrn; nnje mypomhy neh nopnnanem mypocrn, a a nn je moryhe nasnnarn
oxancxom mypomhy nopnnane mypocrn? Hpema je ym emoncxn, yxonnxo je on
/yonmre/ ym, raa jecre opo, ann axo ce nnme xopncrnmo nome, sao je. Hrexaxo a
on ne nosnaje oe o nac saxone xocmoca, xpyrone nsnasaxa n sanasaxa nonoxaja
rena xoje ce xpehy, re oner, axo ce rnm snanem ne cnyxn oroynno, on je ym
esyman n nompauen. Fam raxna je n cneronna mypocr, xoja saopanajyhn a ns
nnuera nnxaa nnmra n ne moxe a nonnxne, noxymana a pan na necrajany jene
crnapn nacrajanem pyre, npexo y rnopennny ynemene oxancxe Hpemypocrn, re
nacrojn a noxaxe xaxo For nnje Iocno naceene n Tnopan cnera; a xoja je na raj
naunn ononprna nomronane ncrnncxor Fora n carnacno nennxom nonncnjy
`neuacrnno oxpenyna Foxnje npornn Foxnjer`, yunnnnmn ce no rome ecmncnenom;
na xaxna je ona Foxnja mypocr? 3aro je Anocron n ronopno, noxasyjyhn, a nocroje
ne npcre mypocrn: V mypocrn Foxnjoj, xpos cnojy mypocr cner nnje nosnao
Fora. /Cnern Ipnropnje Hanama, Pe:u v ooopauv ceenmeuo vmux.ux, I, 2, 16-17/

cnyuajy ne noe nopexno ns onacrn ]nnoco]nje npnpoe, nero cy rex naxnano npnmenenn na npnpoy...Ko
Hnarona, xao n xo Apncrorena, yuecrnonane necanpmenor nncrnyjyher y najnnmem onnxy nncrnonana
nocpeonano je epocom. To epornsonane nenoxynnor xocmoca n ynyrapxocmnuxor snnana, naroncxa rexna cnera
nnxer xa nnmem n najnnmem, nnje xapaxrepncrnuno camo sa Hnaronon cncrem, neh ce nn Apncrorenon cncrem ne
moxe samncnnrn es re npernocranxe: npnn nenoxpernn noxperau, For, xao noenn noxpehe xocmoc; rexna a
ce onrnuxn npnnnxn npnom, a n ce y nocnenoj nnrennnjn nno ncro c nnm, nocmarpana je xao ynnnepsanno
enarna ynpanauxa cnara. Hacynpor rome, y nnsanrnjcxoj reonornjn onasn o nsjenauanana oxancxe eneprnje
ca oxancxom naroarn, mro sa nocnenny nma oprane Hnarononor n Apncrorenonor onoca rpancnenennnje
n nmanennnje. For ce y cnojoj nencxasnnoj naroarn cnymra o rnopennne...Vrnnaj na esymny npnpoy onnja
ce na ocnony cnoone onyxe. Taxo nenoxynna npnpoa moxe a nocrane opranom oxancxe euepeeua...Hs
Hnarononor yuecrnonana uynnnx crnapn y nejama, nanocnerxy y nejn opa, nacraje sajennmrno Fora n
rnopennne. Haprnepn y rom sajennmrny ocrajy, oyme, nenonnmrnno pasnnunrn, ann ynpano nnxon
njanexrnuxn onoc orar napnjannjama npecrana onaj naneromhy ncnynen npemer nnsanrnjcxe reonornje,
xoja c nyno ycnexa oonena nennxom noxymajy sanane reonornje a ce, nanme, yxnne nnn For y npnpon nnn
npnpoa y Fory. Knayc Enep, Koumuuuvmem v qu.ocoqufu Xe.eua oo naoa Busaumufcroe apcmea, (y xn. B.
Taraxnc, Busaumufcra qu.ocoqufa, Feorpa;Hnxmnh, 2002.), npen. C. Paojunh, crp. 21-23. Taxohe, jom ranannje
pasnnxonane, ycpeoroueno na rnanne momenre ncnxacrnuxor cnopa, ycnocranno je neanno n p Mnnan Vsenan,
na rpary anannsa A. u. Hocena: V nnaronnsmy cy cnn yn cyncrannnjanno, xnnocrasnpana orenornopena
oxancrna n ry nema nnxaxne cymrnncxe/nncrnene pasnnxe nsmehy uonexa n ora. V nnaronnsmy or ne moxe
nrn nnunocr, on je poj, rj. or je ono mro je npe cnera jeno, a xaxo pojena nma mnoro n orona nma ncro
ronnxo. 3aro oronn nnaronnsma nncy nnunocrn, no mncrnuxn mnronornsoonann pojenn n neje; xonauno, y
nnaronnsmy ce nehe nahn nnmra o renecnnm ocehannma n ymennom crany uonexa xojn ce y monnrnn ysnxe
ory. Hnre nema ]nsnonomxor xopenara excrase n monnrne. ox je xpnmhancrno erano paspanno
najcnoxennjy ]nsnonornjy monnrne, nnaronnsam, na xnae crpannna o excrasn, ne ronopn o rome nnmra...Taxo
ce xo Bapnaama n ecnno a je or ocrao cam no cen, anconyrno necasnarnn ox cy ce eneprnje, yyhn
casnarnne n enne, mopane onojnrn o ora n cmarparn rnapnnm. Tnme je oyme cauynana rpancnenernocr
ora, rj. nerona nernapnocr n n nnaroncxo nepasnnxonane rnapnor n ne-rnapnor y mncrnuxom ncxycrny. 3aro cy
napnaamonnn xpnrnxonann ncnxacre, nnxon mncrnnnsam, nnxono crporo pasnnxonane uonexa n Forouonexa,
opea n rajne, c nenom mncrnuxom rexnnxom camoncnnrnnana...a nme oxnje nnje cam or neh rnap, n or,
ocrajyhn nenojanan, npernapa ce y ancrpaxrnn nojam na ry nnme n nemamo nnxaxnor ora neh esoxny rnap.
Bonrep je norom n morao a xaxe: `xa ne n nno ora rpeano n ra nsmncnnrn`, a Faxynnn: `axo n or
nocrojao, rpeano n ra ynnmrnrn.` /Mnnan Vsenan, Hcmopufa qu.osoqufe, Honn Ca, 2004., crp.234-235/
94
Onaxno cnoje nnhene nopexna re mypocrn on cynncno opasnaxe: Ko nesnaoxana
je nnje nno, jep je nna y nnxonnm ncrpaxnnauxnm ennma; na nsyuanajyhn Berone
saxone can xnnor, omnn cy o nexaxne npecrane o Fory, sa mra npnpoa n
crnapane ajy sa ro ne esnauajne ocnone, a ro nncy npeysnmann emonn c
ymnmanem econa; a a nx neh nncy pxann oronnma, a nn n y ycxy rnany
ymna nxaxna npecrana o Fory? Peujy, ncrpaxyjyhn npnpoy uynno oxyunnnx
crnapn, onn cy crnrnn o npecrane o Fory, ann neocrojne Fora n neoronapajyhe
Beronoj naxenoj npnpon, saro mro ce nompaunno nemncneno nnxono cpne (Pnm.
1, 21) o snoxaxnnnnx ynyrpamnnx emona, ox cy oner, c pyre crpane,
npoyxanann a nomryjy re emone xao orone, na axo n y nnx nmann nonepene, y
yunree mnorooxamrna, a nn n ce y ycxoj rnann nojannna ocrojnnja
npecrana o Fory? Crora cy poonn ecmncnene n esymne mypocrn n npocrauxor
snana oxnenerann Fora n npnpoy, ynoehn ony y nonoxaj rocnocrna. Bera nax,
xonnxo je o nnx sanncnno, nsnenn cy ns nonoxaja rocnocrna npnnncyjyhn n
emonnma nmena orona. V rome cy ce noxasann raxo anexn o crnnana raxo naxnor
n o nnx xeenor casnana cymrnne, a cy nexnno nasnnann xnnnm, mrannme n a
nma anexo nnmy ymy o name, a nepasymno nax pasymnnm, saro mro cy nnn y
crany a cmecre ycxy ymy, cmarpajyhn a cy emonn nnmn o nac n jom n, o
neuncrn! namnm rnopnnma; a cy caneunn Fory, a necrnopenn n ecnouernn ne camo
marepnja, raxosnana cnercxa yma xo nnx, n ro y samncnnma, a nema renecny
sanpemnunocr, neh n came name yme. H mra caa a xaxemo, a cy yn xojn cy na
raj naunn ]nnoco]npann n o raxnnm crnapnma, onnaann Foxnjom mypomhy? a
nnxo o nac ne ynaa y raxny nepacynocr. He moxe opo pno a onocn nome
nnoone, no peun Iocnoa, na ja, npocyhyjyhn cam y cen, ne nocmarpam ry mypocr
npema caamnoj ycxoj, xaa ona ronnxo npornnpeun cama cen, a jeno n ncro
nasnna xnnnm n nexnnnm, pasymnnm n nepasymnnm, re crnapnma xoje ce no npnpon
ne mory ocernrn n yonmre nemajyhn opran sa oronapajyhe cnoconocrn, na ro
npnnncyjem cnoconocrn npanena spxe y namnm ymama. /Cnern Ipnropnje
Hanama, Pe:u v ooopauv ceenmeuo vmux.ux, I, 2, 16/ Mehyrnm, cnaxaxo a n y roj
npnpon nenocpeno nocrojn ocnon xojn nnje sa oannnane: Axo nexo ronopn,
mncnehn na npnponocr ]nnoco]nje, a je ona ara o Fora, on ronopn ncrnny, a ne
npornnpeue nam nn onn o yrnx xopncnnxa, xojn je npnnyhyjy o cnyxena
npornnnpnponnm cnpxama, ne onaxajyhn yspox: onn cy rnm nnme ocyhenn ory mro
ce rnme nncy cnyxnnn oroynno, onnm mro je o Fora. Kaa emoncxn ym, xojn je
o Fora casan, raxohe nma npnpono pasymenane, npn rome ne xaxemo a je nerono
enonane /eneprnja/ o Fora, npema n camy moryhnocr a ejcrnyje on ysnma o Fora
n nerono pasymenane n no npannunocrn cnenno a nasonemo nepasymenanem /31/,
raxo a je n ym cnoamnnx ]nnoco]a raxohe ap Foxnjn n y nera je raxohe ycahena
spana mypocr, ann snnm ynyrpamnnm oxperanem, nyxann je naunnno cnojy
mypocr, ocmncnnnmn je cnnuno pasnprnnauxom yueny, nyxanom n yncrnny
esymnom....A nma nn y noj nemro sa nac xopncno? Cnaxaxo. Jep n y nenoama
nsnyuennm ns semnor meca, mnoro je enyjyher n nexonnror, n snannn ymeha neuena
cmarpajy onpmanane rora najonm n najxopncnnjnm, xao mro ce sa npnnpemy
rajnnx orpona ysnmajy o npoannx najcnahn, cnocon a caxpnjy ynemenn capxaj;
peujy, y cneronnoj je mypocrn xopncr, n ro mnora, xao y mey nomemannm ca
orponom, ann je mnoro n pnsnxa, na onn xojn ns re cmece onajajy me, a ce c nnm
95
sajeo ne ynnery n cmpronocnn ranor. /Cnern Ipnropnje Hanama, Pe:u v ooopauv
ceenmeuo vmux.ux, I, 2, 19/ To ne snaun a y rnopennnn nnn onom crnopenom ne
enyjy necrnopene Foxnje eneprnje, re a je crnapanauxo naueno ncnpneno ca
npnonrnnm unnom crnapana raxo a nx nnme nema. Bnx nema camo y rom cmncny a
ce unn crnapana ne nonana cnaxn an c osnpom na ro mro ce npnonrno oronno,
xao mro ne snaun a ro ne moxe oner a ce oron yxonnxo Cnennmnn raxo onyun
npema Cnojoj, nama neoxyunnoj onynn n jom mane cxnarnnoj samncnn. Mn cmo na
npnpoy ocyhenn n y nama ona nnamrn xao nex npcra yryenor ornnmra, nasa nac
cehajyhn na nopexno n crane y xojem ce sarnuemo, xamo ro a ce y npecranama
enemo nnn y samncnnma nonecemo. Bnanxa Pae anno je ro y cnom
nennuancrnenom cneny nasnao nyuom xojy je rama oysena, a rerornn, ]nsnuecxn
oxnon mopamo a nocnmo oxne pouno ocrojn cyxancrno. Taxo je sa nac cama
npnpoa cner xojn sarnuemo n o xojer cmo y rom cnery nouecro n sareuenn, rj.
sampmenn y xperannma xao y nexom nannpnnry y xome nocrojn nsas, ann raj nsnas je
moryhe nahn rex onnm Apnjannnnm xonnem xojn nam nyn nama nnacrnra
neanecresnpana pasopnrocr (npoyyjyha cnecr). Taxo je xocmoc, xao cner npnpoe
n rexnnuxnx yxpaca, nnax npe cnera nemro mro xnnn y neronom cneronany
/ocneranany n rny xoje nnje rex ynyrapcnercxa arocr crnopenor/, xao nauennn
pasmemraj onor nna ymnor ocnona nnn noernuxor nnxa cnecrn xojn je nocn n
omoryhana joj saxonomepnocr nsnaxena, rpajana n nnaana y cnery xnnora.
V mncaonom cneheny anrnuxe ]nnoco]nje na Hcroxy raxohe ce crnap
npouncrnna o cacnnm pyraunje nnronnpane, n y rom cmncny n cacnnm none mncnn o
reny n renecnocrn xojy je pasnnjana oprooxcna, npano-cnaneha nnn ncnpanno
cnerneha n cjajeha xpnmhancxa mncao, npennsno cneena xo najneher anonorere
ncnxasma cn. Ipnropnja Haname: Casnarnne crnapn uax n ne saramnyjy jena
pyry, nero opnyro, cnaxa nspacra y cnojoj xpacorn, xaa ce nojann pyra nnma, rnm
nnme npn janany came Foxancxe cnne, xoja crnapa cnaxy xpacory...Jepernnn
nasnnajy reno snom n enom hanoer najapcrna, a mn cmarpamo a je sno camo
npennane yma y renecnnm nomncnnma, a nnxaxo a je reno sno, jep camo reno nnje
sno...Tpyehn ce a y crporoj rpesnenocrn caunnnmo n ynpannmo ry cnojy
cnoconocr, mra n nnn yxnn a unnnmo, axo ne ro, a canpyhn pacejann ym no
ynyrpamnnm ocernma, npnnonmo xa ynyrpamnem ycpeoroueny, y cpne, cenmre
nomncnn? ocrojnonmenonann Maxapnje je neanno nonoom naneennx peun xasao:
Oner je one norpeno nornearn, a nn cy ry naroarno ncnprann saxonn yxa
Ie one? V rnannom renecnom oprany, na npecrony naroarn, re je ym n cne
ymenne nomncnn: y cpne. Bnnm a je sa one, xojn cy pemnnn a nase na cee y
ncnxnjn, oanesno a nemnnonno npahajy n sarnapajy ym y reno, n napounro y ro
ynyrpamne reno rena, xoje mn nasnnamo cpnem.. (Tpufaoe, 1. 2, 3) Ca
casnajnoxpnrnuxnm opranom rena renecnocrn enncremonomxa pasmarpana
nonpnmajy pyraunjn npanan xaa ce cxynna rauxa onrnxe nocmarpana npemecrn y
ynny n yunpcrn na rom nsnopnnjem nonoxajy. Hs uernoponmensnonanne
nepcnexrnne xojy je narnacno an. Hanne, ca axnenryannjom ynne xao nesaonnasne,
y cyxoy ca reonomxnm arnocrnuapnma n pannonannnm narypanncrnma n cn.
Ipnropnje Hanama namao je sa norpeno a onryxn pannoymnocr nonpmnnx
nmnraropa nnarononcxnx ynna o npnpon crnapn, re a ns cnoje opnyre
nepcnexrnne xao npoxnnene reonomxe pe]nexcnje, nonyn nsnopnnje nnhene:
96
Tpea nam rpaxnrn pyrora Fora, Fora xojn nnje camo camoonoan (ou:o:rJ),
camoenaran (ou:rvrpyg:ov), xojn cam Cee Coom nocmarpa, nero n Fora opor.
Jep ce On nehe raxo saononrn a ce noxpehe camo concrnennm nocmarpanem, nnrn
he nrn camo nenorpenr, neh n npensonnan (urpgpro:o:ov). Jep na raj naunn
namepan xao oap a unnn opo, On nehe nrn nemohan, nnrn he nrn camo
nenoxperan, nero n Onaj xojn ce xpehe, jep he cnemy n cnnma na raj naunn a ye
npncyran Cnojnm rnopauxnm n npomncnnrecxnm nsnacnnma n eneprnjama. H
nanpocro jenocranno nam naa rpaxnrn Fora Cymror xojn je nexaxo yuecrnyjyhn
(Orov ov:o r0rx:ov), a y xojem yuecrnyjyhn n mn, cnaxo na cen cnojcrnen
naunn, nnamo npema roj cpasmepn yuemha cymrnncxn, xnnn n ooxenn (ov:r xoi
v:r xoi rv0roi roor0o). /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama, Tpufaoe y opany cnemrennx
ncnxacra, 3,2,24/ Bapnaamoncxa onryxa sa nrornsam enyje nomano n rporecxno.
34

Mehyrnm, naa nam ce n anac nnrarn uemy ce saxnayje onaxna pemenocr n
sor uera ce ocnena n o nspnunrocrn, xoja n one xojn ne n xenenn a je pasymejy
onono opo, morna n a sacrpamn. To mro na npnn norne enyje
panxanncrnuxn, sanpano je camo xoncexnennnja jenor nomyxnor ocnopanana ca
pxannnuxom n nnnomarcxom mornnannjom y nosannn, xoja je nna rorona na
omanonaxanane ysnnmenocrn n uncrore yuena neronannx na npanocnannom ncroxy
xpnmhancxor cnera. Tex y rpehoj xnnsn onjamo ono ojamnene xoje onono
rpesneno n pasopnro xaxe najye n najnaxnnje peun ynncxor ncnoneana, a
camnm rnm n cneouena naxnnm sa yyhnocr onor cnnca n paronenocr capxaja
xojn on nsnocn: Hnn je cnaxa oaancxa cnna ecnoue1na, nnn 1o nnje nnjena!
Hasnnajyhn n nonnjajyhn necrnopenocr camo no jeny o nnx, n pyre nsanyjem
ns necrnopenocrn, a ojanyjyhn cne crnopennm, nsanyjem ca cnnma n ry jeny,
raxny a yncrnny camy cee nornpe n nocena, n cnaa joj y eo ononpranane, xaxo je
cama no cen ncrynnna n cama ce no cen onpnnnena. He xaxe nn on, a je no
cymrnnom ono ronopnrn, xoje je camocranno n jenncrneno nma cne camo y cen n
re cnne? Ann, npe cnera, Bera n cneonano a ce nasnna Forom, xaxo nam je ro nme
npearo no Hpxnn. H Mojcnjy, eceyjyheu c Borou, nnje pexao 1a cau
cym1nna, neh 1a jecau cym1ac1nyjyhn, na nnje o cym1nne, Kojn jec1e, neh je
o jec1nyjyher cym1nna: jep je Onaj Kojn jec1e y cen oxynno cne n1n
(nnc1nonane). 3arnm, axo n ce ymecro cymrnnom Fora on nocnyxno snyuno
oronapajyhom no npnpon, n yronnxo no naroarn n naroarnnm oronnma, sa
xoje Cnern raxohe xaxy a cy no naroarn esnauennn n necrnopenn, nna n ro
cymrnncxa npernocranxa ronopa. Bemy je axne cnenno a xaxe Jennn no
npnpon ecnouernn For. A on, samennnmn ro For n oannnmn no npnpon,
nnje Onor nasnnao jenno ecnouernnm, xojn cjennyje cnexonnxo mro nocn n
saxnara. Jep nnje nn ro pexao, a n oxasao xaxo n y Onome npnpone cnne
omanyne crnopene? A a raj uonex cmarpa Foxnje cnne crnopennm, uyj npexo
neronnx nnacrnrnx jacnnx peun. Hanoehn nennxor nonncnja, xojn nmenyje

34
Hpo]. p Hnan Konapnh o xapaxrepy onaxne npcre cyxoanana jenocranno n jacno je nanncao: A
xaa je Bapnaam Kanapnjcxn onryxno ncnxacre a nepyjy y na Fora (nennnnor n nnnnor -
cnernocr), Hanama ra je yenno nopasno na Caopy 1341. ronne. Hanamnrn cmarpajy a For nma
mnoro eneprnja, mehy xojnma n oxancxy naroar n osapene (cnernocr) xoje cnaxn ncxpenn
xpnmhannn moxe oxnnern. /Hpo]. p Hnan Konapnh, unnoso]cxo-reonomxn nexcnxon, 3narnop,
2004., crp. 250/
97
onycrnna npnonmrena /nsnacxe/ xa cen camonrnocrn, camoxnnena n
camooxancxor, xoje o Fora ncxoe necaonmrnnnm cnnama npomncnn, a xa xome ce
no cen npnonmrana cymro n ounryje ce n nmenyje xao cymro, xnno n oxancxo,
crora ce n ronopn a nm je npnosacnnnare oap, on oarne cxaue na ymnn
saxyuax: Cnen a napeueno camooxancrno n pyro, xo nennxor orocnona jacno
nmenonano cnnama, ne nocrojn neuno, neh a nmajy Vremennaua, opor; n oner:
Peueno je o nocrojany nexor oronauencrna n oxancrna, na xojnm je naneceno
naueno cnera, ann nn na xojn naunn nnje peueno o nnxonoj neunocrn, xaxo onn nmajy
yremeyjyhn yspox cnera; n jom: Hecaonmrnna je cnana Foxnja neuna n nnje pyro
o Berone cymrnne, npnonmrnna nax pyra oxancxoj cymrnnn mro nnje neuna,
npema nma nnocras cneonmrer yspoxa. a je nerauno xaxo je neuna oxancxa cnana
oxancxa necaonmrnna cymrnna, noxasao je Cnern, nasnnajyhn anhene onnma xojn
carneanajy neuny cnany, xaxo cam pannje cnomnnao, a ncronpemeno cneoun n sa
npnonmrnnocr neune oxancxe cnane; xaa je ono y Fory carnenno onaxo nnn onaxo
n npnonmrnno. H nennxn nonncnje xaxe a ce: Foxancxn ymonn xpehy no xpyry,
cjennanajyhn ce ca nesanounnyhnm n ecxonaunnm oacjanannma Hpennnor n
Fnaror. Kaxo a ra esnauenna n ecxonauna oacjana ne yy sa pyre
nenpnonmranajyha oxancxa cymrnna, xao nemro pasnnunro, axo ne n onojeno o
ne? Kao npno cym1nna je jena, a 1a oacjanana unora, many ce caopasno
cnojc1nnua onnx xojnua ce npnonm1anajy n yspac1ajy y uepn nnxone npnuajyhe
cnoconoc1n. O1y n anana Cne1or yxa no Hanny (Jenp. 2, 4); a sa1nu, nnxo
nehe a sanoune cnop, a oacjanana 1e nacym1nncxe cym1nne jecy nene
eneprnje nnn eneprnja, 1e a cy one npnonm1nne, a ona nenpnonm1nna.
/Tpnjae, III, 2, 11-12/
V rpehem oronopy na nomyxno xnenerane ononenra Bapnaama, xojn je y
nacrojany a cnojn narancrno n xpnmhancrno, a npn rome naajyhn y yannsam xojn
nnje ocnecrno, sacrynajyhn sanpano narypannsam n rpyn pannonannsam, rj.
arnocrnnnsam npema ncxonmry, Cn. Ipnropnje npenasnnasn raxne nornee xasyjyhn:
Kaa y rome cnern myxenn oroonnuno nocmarpajy cnerno, a nne ra y
oroejcrnyjyhoj /reyprnjcxoj/ sajennnn yxa, npema nenspennnnm n
ycanpmanajyhnm (cnpxoenarnnm) oacjannma npncnerennx, onn nne oehy cnojnx
cranonnmra, a nm ce mncnn y ymy ncnyne npenennm cnjanem npexo naroern
ronopa, a nonexa nomohy oxancrnenocrn peun oroonnunom nenorom n cnecr ca
opehennm npocnananem rena. Jep ry cnany xojy je Jean Oran ao, ao je
nocnymnnma, npema jenanhecxoj peun, n noxeneo a onn yy c Bnm n nocmarpajy
cnany Berony (Jn. 17, 2224). A moxe nn ro a ce oron renecno, xaa naxon
Beronor ycxohena na neeca On nnme nnje npncyran renecno? Jacno je a je caa
moryha jenno ymna oacjanocr, xoja ce oraha xaa ce cne yuc1nene nyanoc1n
ycanpme, re xaa ym nocrane npnneecxn n xao oapen nama nanpeajyhnm
noxnonnma c nea, noxnanno n nenspennno nocnannm o Fora xojn cy nonyr
napacnnx npnsopa sa onpnnane, xojn cy ynasna xannja naxohena cnnx casnana
ysnnmenor cnerna, ne xao ecrercxn /uynnn/ cnmonn xoje cnernre nocmarpa, nnrn
xao pasne cnemrene sannce xoje nosnajemo, neh ce nasnna nauennnm
nenoroxnnenem y nenorornopeny n o Fora ocnerenom cnernxom. Ha raj naunn,
n nnmn nopenn naxocmnuxor yma onnma cy ananornn, npema neecxom orxpnnauy n
onome xojn ce nsjamnana o roj cnemrenonauennocrn, ne nnajyhn oapen jenno
98
npnoaponnma casnana n nayxe, neh n npnonrnnm cnernom, npema ysnnmenoj
nauennoj cnpcn /Cneror/ Tpojcrna ncynene jepapxnje, re ne camo Tpojnune Cnane,
nocrajyhn npema yuemhy n onaj xojn nocmarpa, xao n Hcycone cnernocne nojane
/]oro]annje/, nnn nax one xoja ce orxpnna yuennnnma na Tanopy. Vocrojenn raxnor
nocmarpana, nocnehyjy ce y orornopehe cnerno sancra n camn, xao a ncrnncxn
xnne, re o ror orornopeher /reyprnuxor/ cnerna nocrajy yuecnnnn y npnonrnom..
/Tpufaoe, I, 3, 5/
Haruynno je n nnaue mnmennna npnor pea, xoja ce y ]nnoco]njn
npnpoe n reonornjn orxpnnena oxyunnana anannsom ]nsnonornje uynnocrn n
xaysanno-reneonomxnm nonmanem, mro je ynex nonono yxyunnano n norpey sa
onananem onronomxnx nojmona npencnnrnnanem nnxonor y anrnnn nocrnrnyror
capxaja. Hpema, yxonnxo ce nojam npnpoe pasmarpa camo y xaysannoj
orpannuenocrn renecnnm onaxannma, xoja y cen nemajy norpey sa nsnnjanem
pasnojnor nyxa xojn n saxnayjyhn namepn ]opmnpanoj o rpeana ncrnne
onasnna o nspaxaja, crnap moxe n a ce nern]nxyje, re nocrane napaormarcxo
ynopnmre na mrery xaxo reopnjcxor, raxo n npaxrnunor nna ymnocrn, o uemy je
cynepeno cnoje mnmene y nononexonnoj ]nnoco]njn nsnocno Hajnnn, a naxon
nera n Kanr. Mehyrnm, jena cnona xa raxnom xpnrnuxom ocmnmanany
ycnocranena je neh carneananem xapaxrepa renecnocrn n xo Cn. Ipnropnja
Haname, na jean nsyserno mepoanan naunn: Hnax nocroje n naxene crpacrn n
raxna onmra xperana yme n rena, xoja ne saxnnajy yx sa meco, neh nonxy meco o
yxonnor ocrojancrna, nonnauehn ra y nncnny sa coom. Kaxna cy ro enonana?
yxonna, xoja ne ny o rena o yma, xaxo cmo pannje ncraxnn, neh ona xoja npenase
ca yma na reno, xoje ce xpos re eneprnje n crpacrn npeopaxana y oe n nna
ooxeno, xao jenna oxancxocr Foxnje Peun xoja ce ouoneunna sa ymy n reno, xoja
je nocpecrnom yme ooxancrnennna meco xpos xojy cy ce ncnynanana oxancxa
ena, na je raxna xo yxonnnx yxonna naroar, xoja je npemna nocpecrnom yme
na reno, raxohe my onymrajyhn a oxnnn oxancxe crpacrn n a narocnoneno
cacrpaana oxancxn crpaanajyha yma. Kaxo je crpaanane raxne yme oxancxo,
pasyme ce a je y noj narocnonena n oxancxa oconna crpacrn, nnn oe, axo je y
nama cnoconocr crpaanana jenna, ra jenna cnoconocr crpacrn moxe a nocrane
narocnonena n oxancxa. ocrnxyhn ry naxeny nynohy, ona ooxyje n reno, n
raa ce ne noyhyje no renecnnm n semacxnm crpacrnma, neh ce raxo ne moxe
noxasarn nencnnranom, neh cynporno, ona cama cen npnnnaun reno, onoehn ra o
naxnonocrn sny n nmyhn y nera cnerocr n neonncnno ooxene, sa mra cy ounro
cneouancrno uyornopne mohn cnerana. Ko npnomyuennxa Cre]ana, jom xao xnnor,
nnne je nocrano nonyr nnna anhena (ena 6, 15). Hnje nn one oner, y renecnom
crpaanany, nno nemro oxancxo? 3naun a oxancxo crpaane n nemy
oronapajyhe enonane jecy onmrn sa ymy n reno! H ro nnxono sajennuxo
crpaane ne npnxnna ymy sa semne n renecne mncnn n ne nynn ymy mpaxom, xaxo
nnme ]nnoco], neh nocraje nexa rajancrnena nesa n cjennene c Forom, uyecno
nanenmn na rannm n semacxnm crpacrnma uax n reno, saro mro cy ce nnme
Foxnjn, no peun npopoxa nncoxo ysnenn na semom (Hc. 46, 10). Ero xaxna cy ra
nencxasnna ejcrna o xojnma ronopnmo, ona ce nnynanajy y rennma cnemreno
sarnxnnx, xojn can xnnor nocnehyjy ncnxnjn. Ono mro ce y rnm eneprnjama unnn
neocmncnnnnm, npenasnnasn cmncao n cxnana ce npe ycxnm nonmannma, xoja cy
99
y nnma nonnxna pacyhnnannma, a ne na eny n npaxrnuxnm ncnnrom. Axo nax
]nnoco] ne npnsone nepy xoja jenno n moxe a naoxnan nemncnnny ncrnny, ro
cnercxn nonmajyhn, ex! es cnerocrn, on ce neuacrnno nspyryje ca narouacrnnnm.
/Tpufaoe, III,2,12/
V casnajnoj cnoconocrn uonexa moryhe je na ounrnean naunn
npenosnarn eneprnjy xao enonane npnpoe xoje je pasnnunro xaxo o ne yonmre,
raxo n o nojennaunor nocrojana. unnoco]cxo e]nnncane unnennne eneprnje
snna ce ynyrap uynne cymrnne xoja pacnonaxe ca moryhnomhy enonana xpos noroc
ersncrennnjanne pyrocrn. oyme, raj noroc nma nanor nnn nnrennnonannn ocnon
a cranno cam cee npenasnnasn n onon o mro neher cnnuena ncrnnn onpyjyhn
je ononnxo xonnxo je rom nanopy omoryheno a ce ncxaxe n nornpn y ncnpannocrn.
Ocymrnnyje ce na raj naunn pesynrar casnajne eneprnje xoja y cnom nnamnsmy
caunnana onaj cymrornopehn ocnon pasnnunror n npeyemanajyher cyenonana na
onome mro jecre, a a camo ro jecre nnje yoxnnpeno ]nsnxanncrnuxnm cnohennma
npnpoe na npoceuno onaxajyhn cner. H Ipnropnje Hanama cmarpa osnoennm a ce
For Cnn n Cnern yx nasony nnocrasnnm /nnunocnnm/ eneprnjama Ona, ne
npnxnarajyhn aprymenrannjy Bapnaama ns Kanapnje n Axnnna xojn
nnrpenperarnnnnm opacnem nnaronnuxnx pannonannsannja npnpoe cacnnm
onajajy Tnopna n rnopennny. Eneprnja ne ynon y cymracrno n jenncrno
nncrnonana nnxaxno pasnajane nnn nenane /ny ormarnuapn cmarpajy oporom, a
mncrnnn yany/, yyhn a cymracrno camo no cen ocraje nocnnan eneprnja, a
eneprnja nonasehn o crnapn oner ne moxe a npehe y rnap jep je y jenncrny ca
Forom. Foxnje nme raxo ne npnnaa camo cymrnnn nero n neronnm eneprnjama nnn
cnojcrnnma xao opora, naroar, npemypocr, cnernocr, npomncao, nncranocr,
yan nr.
Vsnsane xa Fory n ocnehnnane (osapnnane) neronnm cnernom moryhe je
sor rora mro nacnena rnap nacrojn a ce npnnnxn Fory, na Berona eneprnja
caonmrena uonexy nocraje na ocnony oronnenauxor nanora n cnojcrno camor
uonexa: Ionopnrn o Fory n cycpecrn ce ca Forom nnje jeno n ncro. 3a npno je
norpeno snane n peu, npn uemy ce raxohe nsnaxe cnonecno ncxycrno, yxonnxo
nehemo jenno a neryjemo snane, neh n a ce nnme cnyxnmo n a ra npeajemo;
sarnm je neonxona pasnonpcna rpaha sa pacyhnnane, ocnone sa oxasnnana n
ynopehnnana npema npnmepnma cnercxnx crnapn, na cne ro nnn nehn eo rora
moxemo nocreneno a npnxynnmo rpyehn ce n cnymajyhn, a cne je ro npncrynauno
ynma xojn ce cnanase y cnery, re na xpajy nocrajy n mypann ror nexa, npema
neuncrn xnnorom n ymom. Hacynpor rome, cycpecrn ce y cen c Forom, npnnennrn
ce sa Bera y uncrohn n cnnrn ce c neronnm necnnnennm cnernom, xonnxo je ro
npncrynauno ycxoj npnpon; nemoryhe je, axo n nope ounmhena xpos npnnny
ocranemo cnoa, re je raunnje a naa a y camnma cen sajeno ca ocehajem
ocrannmo cne uyncrneno, nanenmn ce na nomncnnma, pacyhnnannma n nornuxnm
snanem, cacnnm ce npeajyhn y monnrnn nernapnnm yxonnnm enonannma
(eneprnjama), onnmn nesnane, xoje je ysnnmennje o snana n y nemy ce
nanynnnmn npecnernnm cnjanem yxa, raxo mro hemo nennnno a nnnmo xao
narpay neunor cnera. Pasymem nn xonnxo je o rora nnxe cne mro ce onocn na
mnoromymehy nornuxy ]nnoco]njy, unje je naueno uynno ocrnrnyhe, a nocnena
cnpxa y cnnm pasnonnocrnma snane, xoje nnje onjeno y uncrohn n xoje ne
100
ounmhana o crpacrn? Haueno yxonnor nocmarpana je opo, sacnyxeno uncrnm
xnnorom, re casnane cymror, ncrnnnror n sancra rauno sa one xojn ra nmajy, saro
mro nnje onneno yuenem, neh uncrohom cpna, re ocnocoeno a pasnnxyje mra je
y camoj crnapn neno n xopncno, re mra raxno nnje; a nerona nocnena cnpxa, sanor
yyher nexa, jecre nesnane xoje je nnme o snana, re snane xoje je nnme o
nonmana, cxpnneno eonnmrno y cxponnrom, rajnom n nenspeuenom nocmarpany xao
ncxycrny neunor cnerna. /Cn. I. Hanama, V ooopauv ucuxacma, 1,3,42/ Taxo je no
npnuehy n nomohy Foxnje mnnocrn uonexy ocrynno ooxene xao crenenonana
nennunna cnnunocrn Fory, mro ne snaun nnrensnnny ncronernocr cymrnne, neh a je
no cmncny moryhe rex eneprercxo noncronehnnane uonexa c Forom, yyhn a je
uonexon yx epoc yma npema oxancxom norocy: Brannme n reno he raa a ye
yxonno, a ne ymenno, npema anocrony: Ceje ce reno ymenno, ycraje reno
yxonno (1 Kop. 15, 44); a axo je nax ono yxonno, ro spaunn ym npnma Foxnjn
necax raxohe yxonnnm nnhenem. Kao mro je caa remxo cxnarnrn, a nmamo ymny
ymy xoja je cnocona a nocrojn cama no cen naxon re y mecy, cmprne n
nenpncrynaune renecnocrn, xoja noramnyje n orexana ymy, noceno cmo ycmepenn
a je yopaxanamo no nnxy rena nnn y pyrnm mamrajyhnm opacnnma, sor uera n ne
ynosnajemo yxonno uyncrno. Taxo he nrn y naxenom xnnory yyher nexa, sa
cnnone nacxpcena npeopaxene y anheocxo ocrojancrno no Jenanhey Xpncronom
(Mr. 22, 30; Mx. 12, 25; Hx. 20, 36), nacynpor nperxonom. Teno xao a he a ce
ncxpae: ono he raxo a ce ncranua, a ce nnme yonmre nehe noxasnnarn xao c-rnap n
nehe ce npornnnrn ymnnm eneprnjama, saro mro he ym a nocrann na npx.
Hpanennnn he crora n renecnnm uyncrnnma ramo raxohe a xymajy Foxnje cnerno.
/Tpufaoe, I, 3, 36/
Pannonanncrnuxa reonornja yanncrnuxor cmepa nonajana marepnjannor n
yxonnor nnn nnrenexryannor npnnnnna, rpaxnna je nsnasax yma ns
oneunmhanajyher rena a n ce ocneno o nononor yxonnor crana, ox
ynncxa ]nsnonornja monnrne ncnxasma saxrena npenasnnaxene nnysopnocrn
raxnor yannsma ocnonnem na peannocr npncycrna Foxnjnx eneprnja n ynasax yma
jom ye y reno, nerono canpane n cxnynuanane y neronoj ncnxocomarcxoj
nenonnrocrn, jep ce ysnsane ocrnapyje rex cnaxnnm noxperom n yxonnnx n
renecnnx cnna uonexa xao saoxpyxene nnunocrn: Ty paronenocr, xaxe anocron,
nocnmo y ocxynnm nocyama (2 Kop. 4, 67). Axo neh xao y ocxynnm nocyama
nocnmo cnernocr Ona y nnny Hcyca Xpncra, pan casnana cnane Cneror yxa, y
rennma, nehemo nn nocrynnrn neocrojno naropocrna yma, axo cnoj concrnenn ym
yemo sapxanann ynyrap rena? Ha a nn onaj xojn raxo ronopn, ne ronopn ns
yxonnor, neh camo a n onnaao nnmenomhy Foxnje naroarn, jenno ycxnm
ymom?/Cn. I. Hanama, Tpufaoe, I,2,2/ Vm ce pasnnna no oxpyxeny, a nerono najoe
canpane oraha ce ona xaa ce nparn y cpne, mro nopasymena noyxnar neronor
npahana nyrem yncana. Tnme ce ym n oysana jep je o cnera najrexn sa canpane
n najnoxpernnnjn, sor uera ce n npenopyuyje a ce nasn na yncaje n nsncaje.
For ce cxnara ncanem n cpnem, a ym ce cnon na rpyn n ynnja ocnonno cpnem, re
ce npnxyna ropyhn nnamen monnrne xojn npeopaxana ym n cna npnpoa uonexa y
yxonno uyno rauxe cranana ca Forom ecnouerno n ecxpajno. Hcnxacrn cy
ycnojnnn cran a je Jena (cnernocna) npnpoa Foxnja xoja ce xao Cnera Tpojnna
101
pasnnxyje npema xnnocrasama /concrnenocrnma nnn nnunocrnma/, es osnpa na
moannsam xojn je nsasnao spxy y oxancxnm nnocrasnnm xapaxrepncrnxama, naxon
ormarcxor ycnajana nojma filioque y Pnmy oxo 1014. ronne. Hojam ncxohena
o n nspas xpos, snaue npe cnera yxonny naroar, xapnsmarnunocr nnn
yxonne apone, xojn cy neune n necrnopene eneprnje Foxnje, a ne npemencxn
crnopene peannocrn. Ipnropnje Hanama npeyseo je n pasnno yuene o yxonnocrn xao
eneprnjn, xao naroernn xapaxrep yxonnnx apona xojn onasn o jenncrnene
npnpoe n nennx eneprercxnx onynomohena, a xoja mory camo neponanem a ce
npnxexyjy n npnsnnajy. Kaxo ona nncy nemracrnenor nnn crnopenor xapaxrepa, ne
mory nn a ce nsnye nno xaxnnm npcrama enonana.
35
V rom cmncny npnronop sa
marepnjannsam y renecnoj rexnnnn monnrne xo ncnxacra, morao n a naxn camo
axo n ce npeneperao saxren sa npeopaxajem re ncre renecnocrn /opehennje
peueno rnnonornje cnecrn o camoj npnpon renecnocrn/, xoja n onnxyje moryhnocrn
n mohn uynnocrn npema npnpon Foxnje cnernocrn npeopaxanannx crpacrn. V rom
cmncny n onn ns sacrynnnuxor raopa, xojn onaxan npncryn nmenyjy
emnnpncrnuxnm, jenaxo npomamyjy nanasehn ce y crany nexaxne anoxarype
cnecrn, yyhn a ce emnnpnsam cacrojn y rnpnn xaxo je uynno ncxycrno jennn
nsnop sa cnexonnxo casnane
36
. V ncnxasmy ono moxe a naxn rex xao npeopaxeno

35
For je ory ecxpajnn n ecnouernn ncxon xojn ce cnmonnuxn mann]ecryje y cnojnm eneprnjama n nmennma,
ox sa napnaamcxe xymanncre n nopone pannonanne reonore penecanca nna npnnnnnnjenan camo ancrpaxrnn
nojam Fora, a nerone mann]ecrannje y rnopennnn n camo nme Foxnje nnme nnje For neh pannonannsam
xoncrpyxnnje rnapnor nauena: To ce n oronno xo Bapnaama, a je For xao camocranan npemer n cymracrno
ocrao cam no cen y nny anconyrne necasnarnnocrn, a eneprnje y nny nnxonor nosnanana n pamunanenocrn,
ocnene cy o nornyne onojenocrn o Fora n cmarpane cy rnapnnm. Tnme je ojenom noxonana n xpnmhancxa
rpancneenrnocr Fora, rj. Berona nernapnocr, n nnaroncxo nepasnnxonane rnapnor n nernapnor y mncrnuxom
ncxycrny. Crora je nno cacnnm pasymnno n ocnonano pasjapnnane napnaamnra npornn cnnx npaxrnxa cnemrene
ncnxnje ca nennm anconyrno pasronernnm pasnnxonanem uonexa n orouonexa, opea n rajne, c nemom
mncrnunom rexnnxom camoncnnrnnana, camonocrnana, ncnonen, ncajnnx n cpaunnx ocehana...Bapnaamcxn
yannsam c jauanem pannonannsma, nocraje rapmesufaucmeo n orasuoua.usa+, npn jauany cyjexrnnnsma (xojn ne
moxe a ne jaua, jep For je - necasnarnna crnap-y-cen, a ono mro ce a casnarn crnapa cyjexr) -
raumufaucmeo, a npn cnaeny ocehaja sa rpancnenenrno (a nera ne moxe a ne ye jep je o camor nouerxa
ono najnaxnnje npornameno necasnarnnnm) nosumueusa+; nr. nr. Peujy, axo je Tanopcxo Cnerno neoenno
o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome cam For (maa For Cam nnje cnernocr) raa je npanocnane cnaceno, nnn axo je
Cnerno oenno o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome je rnap - raa nounny anoxannnrnuxn rpuenn penecancnor
3anaa (Anexce ueooponnu Hocen, O:epru aumu:uoeo cu+eo.us+a u +uqo.oeuu, Mocxna, 1993., crp. 872-873.)
Ounrnene npornnpeunocrn xoje nanon one Hocen, nncy pesepnncane camo sa sanane reopernuape n nncne.
Taxo je y nnsanrnjcxom nomnnannsmy Hnhn]op Ipnropa sacrynao ynepene a cy neje camo nmena xoja ce
crnapajy y ymy, n nnmra nnme, a Ipnropnje Hanama my je oronopno nponnuno a o rome raxo mncne camo
]nnoco]n, yyhn a cy sa orocnone orxpnnena n janana Foxnjnx eneprnja naxnn anonxrnuxn, a ne
njanexrnuxn cnnornsmn. Cnaxaxo, xaa ce nonyue xoncexnenrna nnnnja, cnop je nauenan: Bapnaamonnn cy
sanpano yn none enoxe, npnn yn penecance. Cacnnm je pasymnno ro mro je Bapnaam sacnyxan sa
pacnpocrpannnane rpuxor jesnxa n rpuxe xnnxennocrn y Hrannjn, mro je npenono rpuxe ayrope na narnncxn n
narnncxe na rpuxn jesnx n mro je am on no yunre Herpapxe n Foxaua ca xojnma nounne noxper xymannsma y
XIV cronehy. axne, ynpano penecanca, a norom n nporecranrnsam (cnaxo na cnoj naunn) nacroje a cnoje
xpnmhancrno n narancrno; ann, ro nma sa nocnenny a penecanca naa y yannsam n arnocrnnnsam y xome ce
namao n Bapnaam, y narypannsam n pannonannsam y xojnma he ce nahn neronn yuennnn; anaremnmyhn Bapnaama
n Axnnna Hpanocnanna Hpxna je 1351. na caopy y Koncranrnnonoy anaremncana n naonasehy penecancy, xoja
he openrn ae nocrojane cner sananor cnera, jep opnnanem o npnnnnna penecance, uonex npecraje nrn
sananaxom. /Mnnan Vsenan, Hcmopufa qu.osoqufe, Honn Ca, 2004., crp. 235/

36
oyme, n nexn canpemenn yuenn cneennnn ncnxacra cmarpajy xaxo je opo sapa mro neher yaanana o
]nnoco]nje ncnxasam npornacnrn emnnpnuxnm nnn excnepnmenrannnm orocnonem, ca unme ce oner
nerpn]nxyje uynnocr onune cnecrn. Kao a je npeopaxaj uynnocrn xo nojennna y najmany pyxy yxan a
nsnee nexo pyrn, a ca rnme ne n peyxonan recr cranana na nnxy rpacy yocrojanana npnnne y nsnpmeny
102
ncxycrnonane, nperpec, ncnnr, nnn a ce ono cnyuajno n ysrpeno pasymena xpos
ono mro my nperxon n omoryhana ra a ye. Hsnop onpanana cnaxe rnpne
sacnonane na pasymenany je ynn nnn nsnopno xoncrnryncana cnecr, raxo a je cnaxa
]nsnxa oanesna npema opasnoxeny rsn. ]nsnuxnx unnennna xao ycnony cnaxor
snana onjenor na ocnony naxena npernocranennx moryhnocrn.
37
H onn xojn rexe
a saonjy ymny monnrny nnn a ocere cnary monnrne, naa a ce nsane o nopoxa
cnaocrpmha n npncrpacnocrn, a n ce ca ncnynenem rnx npeycnona rex n ocneno
o ymnnena xojom ce npnnnaun mnnocr Foxnja. Hcnxacrnuxa monnrna nounne
ymnnm crajanem npe Forom, cxpymenor cpna n ca crpaxonomronanem npe
Beronom orpomnomhy, nacranajyhn ce monnrnom xoja canpe pacejann ym,
npeopaxanajyhn namepe n cxnonocrn xoje nanocn a]exrnnnocr. Tnme ce xee n
namepe norunnanajy ymy, a ym ce ocnoahanem o ror pemena cne eneprnunnje
ysnxe xa Fory opxanajyhn cehane na cne xopaxe nanpeonana, es nexor cnoa
ynohenor camoyspounor oxancrna, xoje ce ncnoanano xao pyxononn ocnon
mexannuxnx saxonomepnocrn npnpoe xao marepnjanncrnuxor n nerarnnncrnuxor
camonpojexronana eronrera mncnnona y nojam npnonrnor ocnona (pennmo
cnnnosncrnuxa causa sui), nocehn y raxnoj cnojoj xpnrnuxoj ncrann n nemro o one
cnare o xojoj xasyjy ncnxacrn: Ka n cnen sna uynmn n noneponanmn, a cnara cynna
npenasnnasn mepy uyna rneana, a xaxo ne n onaj xojn nnn; a ro raxohe je rauno,
nncmo camo mn ncnnrnnann, spannm ounma, neh n pyrn o cnennx mro nepyjyhn
onnma mro nne mory ymom a ynne xaxo ce nenno cnerno caxpnno no semom. H
ne camo ro, nnmen nna raxohe moxe a pasyme a necax cynuanor ncxa
npenasnnasn cnny rneana; ann my je a npnmn n oxycn cnerno nemoryhe. Taxo n
mncneno nnern Fora n xpos nopnnane napasymno nosnanarn jecre ocrynno onnma,
xojn cy nmann xparax ncnnr neronor carneanana, maxap n nncy nsann x Bemy
napasymnor oxa cjennanana, a nepyjy ysnrnnma; ann raxno jennene nnje
cjennanane: na n ne nepyjyhn onnma, xojn napasymno nne xpos napasymno
jennene, raxohe n cnannnn Fora, ann jenno nyrem ncxyunno cnojnx ymcrnennx
cnoconocrn. Hanpornn, xo je nopexao cnaxy nesy cnoje yme ca nncxomhy, paspemno
ce cnera xpos ncnynanane sanonecrn n na raj naunn ocrnranmn ecrpamhe, ysnncno
ce na cnaxnm casnajnnm ejcrnonanem n y npomnpenoj, uncroj n nemarepnjannoj

Foxnjnx saxona, uax n o ornopenor sanocranana c osnpom na acnexr ooxena o xora n morno a ce onpe
Hcyconom monnrnom y ymnom rnxonany. Mehyrnm, npnnna je sa cne xao npeycnon ncnynanana Foxnjnx saxona n
npema Kanry nnrepnopnsyjyhn unn xojnm ce yocrojanamo Foxnje naroarn nnn mnnocrn. Mehyrnm, n sa ayropa
raxnor pasmarpana nynor ynyrpamnnx npornnpeunocrn n cyxoenocrn, maxap exnaparnnno naxn cran: To
snane je ysnnmennje o snana, xoje ce saonja nocpecrnom uyncrana nnn, a yemo npennsnnjn, ono je
carnacno ca uyncrnnma n nsna (je) uyncrana. Tenecne oun ce menajy n nne nernapny cnernocr, xoja je nncrane
oxancxe npnpoe, cnana oxancrna, nenora Hapcrna Heecxor. Ta cnernocr je nennnna sa uyncrna cne ox ona
ne yy npeopaxena yxom Cnernm...ocnona npanocnanne enncremonornje jecre npocnerene n Foxnje
orxponene ynyrap o:uuheuoe ycxor cpna. /Mg:pooi:ov Nouox:ou Irpo0rou Boou: Oyio Ipgyopio
o Hooo oyiopri:g, Lxooog,BJ996., Irpo Movg Irvr0iou :J Oro:oxou Hroyio/, gl. XII., (npen.
Fr., 2003., crp. 247.)

37
a n ce raj ycnon npeneperao mopana n rnanny ynory a onrpa nnrenexryanncrnuxa yopaxenocr n
ornymnnane o canecr, re npnnna nna asenrnnna ynpano npe Forom n npema Kanronom ynny: Homro nax
raxno mopanno nhe yjeno mopa nmarn cny nnacr (na ney n na semn), jep nnaue ne n morno (mro nyxno cnaa
y cycxy cnyxy) npnannrn cnojnm saxonnma e]exr xojn nm je npnmepen, a raxno mopanno nhe xoje nma nnacr
na cnnm sone ce For, ro he ce canecr moparn samncnnrn xao cyjexrnnan npnnnnn oronopnocrn xoja ce cnocn
npe Forom sor cnojnx ena; uax he onaj nocnenn nojam (maa na neopehen naunn) nrn ynex capxan y onoj
mopannoj camocnecrn. /H. Kanr, Memaqusura +opa.a, Cp. Kapnonnn; Honn Ca, 1993., 239./
103
monnrnn n y nenosnarom, naxon npensnjana, y cjenneny je oacjan
nenpncrynaunnm necxom, a on nocranmn cneronom, xpos cnerno, ooxnnmn ce,
nnehn cnerno y carneanany n oxymanany ror cnerna, ncrnncxn nosnaje
narnpnponocr n nemncnnnocr Fora, cnanehn Ia ne camo nsna jene mncnehe cnne
yma, re ycxe cnoconocrn, neh anexo nnme o nenor rnapnor, nnme n o ror
narnpnponor cjennena, cnnom jenor, es xora ym y oxancrnenom nopaxanany
npeneecxnx ymona, /ne moxe/ a ce cjennn c Onocrpannm ymcrnenom. /Tpufaoe II,
3, 57/
oyme, raj npeyxyc monnrnene nnn rpancpannonanne cnare xperana
yxa, xojn je ysopno nasnauen xao moryhnocr onpa ca esycnonnnm n ecnouernnm
ncxonom cnera mro jecre, cyouana nac ca onaxnnm cranom: Axo xo xohe a nasone
nacarneanajyhe nnhene pasymenanem, nnmnm o cnaxe ymne eneprnje, nn y uemy ce
c nama nehe pasnnasnrn. Oner pemnnmn a mn nmenyjemo carneanane ncxyunno
nnhenem, a nnxaxo napasymnnm pasymenanem, nam ]nnoco] ce pasjapno npornn
came peun nnhene, na ce y nnmano noxnannoj japocrn nsasnanoj namnm cnncnma, on
cacnnm n mnoro orpemno o npopouxy naroar. Vxparxo ra onncan xpos rpn-uernpn
nerone rpemxe, ocrannhemo pyre es naxne. Vcrpajanajyhn na oxasnnany rora, a
je nnhene anexo nomnje o pasymenana, on xaxe a cne mro je ounronano
npoponnma jecy reopnje, xoje cy cnanje o pasymenana, no yopasnn, onncnma n
caopasnocrn uynnnm npecranama. Ann nnxo ce o manopojnnx mro cy my
cnonnn cnnce nnje noymno, a je najnehn eo cnojnx nnhena ns nnx carneanano y
ncrynany. Kaxo ca ro a cy onn nnenn Fora y crany nompauyjyher ncrynana? H
mra snaun, xaa Cam For ronopn Mojcnjy, a my ce janno ounrneno, a ne y
saronerxama (Fpoj. 12, 8)? Hnje nn ra n raa For yneo y rano ncrynnnane? H mra
je ro nno, sa unrannx uerpecer ana (Jcx. 24, 18), ncrynnnmn ns cee n
npnuecrnnmn ce y mpaxy nennnor xnnora, on nneo n uyo Fora? Hnje nn y ranom
ncrynnnany? Vncrnny, nnmyhn cnnuno cam je xaxo n naa ae ncrynno ns
ncrnne. unnoco], oner, ry rpemn nocrpyxo, jep oner naxno cneoun npnrnn
nennxor nonncnja, xaxo n ce, mncnehn n nasnnajyhn cna carneanana npopoxa
nnxnm o pasymenana, oxomno na nerone peun a For onja cnoja nmena o nexnx
oxancxnx yopaxena, no pasnnm ysponnma n ca pasnnunrom cnarom oacjanajyhn
rajnonnehe n npopoxe. Ann nonncnje n ry jacno xaxe: no pasnnm ysponnma n
pasnnunrom cnarom; jenaxo xao n Iocno xasyjyhn a ce jenom On janno y cny,
pyrome na jann n a je cne saronerno, Mojcnjy nax nnom, a ne saronerno (Fpoj. 12,
8). Kaxo cy ona cnn npoponn mornn a nne camo yopasnom xao ymennom
cnnom? Ocnm rora, oxacxo je yopaxene /yrnapa/ pasnnunro o namer ycxor
yopaxena; npnnm je saneuaheno najnaxnnje n yncrnny ecrenecno y nama, a name
nax ycxo yopaxene nacraje y renecnom eny yme, xo nac je ono y nnxnm
onacrnma ymennnx cnna; n ono je saneuaheno xperanem uyncrana, a axo xohem a
casnam unme je saneuaheno najnaxnnje y ymn npopoxa, uyj Bacnnnja Bennxor:
npoponn, xaxe on, carneanann saxnayjyhn rome a najnaxnnje xo nnx je
yrncnyro yxom. yx Cnern, ero Ko noceana y ymy npopoxa, xopncrehn ce xao
marepnjom najnaxnnjer ena nnxone yme, a xpos nnx nama. a nn je ro npocro
yopaxene, cpasmepno n pannonpanno namem ycxom yopaxanany? Kaxo je ro
yopaxene nomnje o namer pasymenana? Hnje nn raunnje, xaa n ory ynnnmo
104
raxohe, a je ro ymy nnnno cnerno pyraunje o pasymenana, n a ra carneanana
nncy nn uyncrnena nn yopaxanajyha, re a cy canpmeno pyraunja nero pacyhyjyhe
snane? unnoco] oner nanon jom jeno mecro ns nennxor orocnona, ronopehn o
anheny, xojn nsnaje carneanane, a n orocnona nocnerno y oxancxocr, n
rymaun: Peujy nsnaje yxasano je na yopasny, npema nnmra o rora, mro ym xao
raxan carneana, nnje nsnajano. Axo nonepyjemo ]nnoco]y, ohn he nam a
onycrnmo, a neecxa nauena n cnne, ncrynajyhn ns yma, orpnanajy nsmene n ro
nenenore nn, na rope, a cy nm carneanana renecna n yopaxanajyha, re a ne camo
carneanana, nero n came nnxone nnocrasn n cymrnncxa npennana cxona c
yopaxananem. Taj cnernre ronopn y ocmoj xnnsn Heecxe xnjepapxnje,
onenajyhn nojany nmenonana cnemrennx nauena, a ce nauennocr nocnennx
ycmepana npema ncrnncxom Hpnonaueny, naroopasno najajyhn cee n cneehn nm
no Beronom najnaxnnjem cxocrny. Taxo nax, axo nnmra o carneanajyher ymom no
raxnome nnje nsnajano, a cne nsnajano je yopaxanajyhe nnn nax uynno, a camnm rnm
anexo nnxe o mncnnnor, ro snaun a nauena n neecxe cnne nemajy ymnn onoc
npema Fory, neh renecan n yopaxanajyhn, xoje je rope o ycxor pasymenana jep je
nsnajano! Axo nm je raxan onoc c Forom, orxy ona xo nnx ymna npnpoa?
/Tpufaoe, II, 3, 58-60/
Tenecnocr, uynnocr, ymenna cnooa, xa a cy npe onaxnnx pasmarpana
nnn oxonann npnpoom xoja nnje cen nonarana pauyna o sanpranany ynyrpamnnx
rpannna snauena xoje n yonmre n onymrane nsnopnnjn norne na cneronane cnera
n onor mro ra omoryhyje n nocn ns remea. Hocrojn n ynepene a je npnonrna
marepnja onnxonana camy cee na ocnony mexannuxnx saxona, xao n a je nna y
crany a camy cee onpeenn sa ]opmy nexe cnpxonnrocrn xoja camy cee opxana, n
mrannme a nsnpmn ncxoncxy oprannsannjy o nnnoa oprancxe renecnocrn rsn.
naronom crnapana. V raxnom menrannom oxpyxjy cnaxn npemer nocmarpana
ocraje nasa cyjexr ]enomenanno oroen o renecne excnosnnnje, necnocoan sa
naruynne ysnnmennje cnpxe xoje ce no moryhnocrn y nemy nanase cxpnnene. Ocnon
ojamnena npnponnx cnpxa na ]nsnuxo-mexannuxnm xaysannnm nesama y
marepnjannom cnery nanasn npnnnnne y nononexonnoj pannonannoj nepnennnjn
npnpoe, na npnpoonayuna ncrpaxnnana noxasyjy opeheno nanpeonane y
casnannma, re pe]nexcnja o nnma onynana npernocranxe o xaysannnm onocnma y
npnpon n npanne nonmana xapaxrepa reneonomxnx cranonnmra. Bnxono onaxane y
npocropnnm n npemencxnm penannjama xomnnnxonano je nyno pasymenane y
]nsnuxo-mexannuxn ycnonennm nmensnjama.
38
Hornyna synenocr oxo nonmana

38
Xymanncrnuxo-penecancnn npecrannnnn n pannonanncrn ymenann cy nnnnenrno a sacrpanyjy, nororono y
]opmn reonomxor pannonannsma, raxo a je omnnanra nonemnuxnx crpacrn n noreopnjcxnx mornnannja xo
nnx ennenrna. Cacnnm pyrnm nyrem xperao ce upancnc Fexon (1561-1626), nop o Bepnyama, xojn je y IX
xnnsn De dignitate et augmentis scientarum, na nouerxy ceme enennje xnnora nanncao: Jep, axo nepyjemo camo
onome mro oronapa namem pasymy, mn ce npnxnanamo crnapnma, a ne nnxonom Tnopny...mro je nnme nemoryha n
nnme neneponarna /absonum/ oxancxa rajna, ro ce xpos neponane nnme ncxasyje nomronane Fora, n yronnxo je
noea nepe nnemennrnja. oyme, on je 1620. r. ojanno xnnry Novum organon, sive indicia vera de
interpretatione naturae (Honn opranon, nnn npano ynyrcrno sa rymauene npnpoe), re sacryna resy a ce npnpoa
ne moxe noenrn axo joj ce ne noxopnmo, cmarpajyhn a ce snane n ycxa moh cnoe na ncro /ma+o, 1,2,
npen.crp.37-38/. V rom cmncny cnryannja mnmena xao a je nonpanena naxnm menrannnm saronerxama xoje
cnpeuanajy npnmeny o raa nosnarnx pemena, re sa xoje naa ae ynorpeanarn omnmarocr n
omrpoymnocr, a n ce ono mro ce no opehennm ycnonnma nernpa noxasano na xpajy xao ono o uera je najnnme
crano n mro n naano a ce najnnme nomryje n cnann. Fexon je nenocmncneno ncrnnao cran xojn je xacnnje
105
npnpoe nparnna je ornncnnane onor mro joj opehyje ynyrpamne rpannne, xaxo je
ro opo nneo xao npornnpeuje neoymnna jom Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama: Konnxo je
camo peun on ry cen cynpocranno! One nncy y nesn ca ocrannm neronnm casnannma:
neh je pannje on openo ycxo canpmencrno n mypocr xao cnesnane. Ero raxo,
xao n one camo mro je ojanno a je ano]arnuxo ycxohene xa Fory moryhe nopnuyhn
camo ro mro pasymemo, ro ce rnme Fory npnaje, ex, pyxnoha! For xao nosnarnn
xpos nopnnane cnera. Ta sa casnane Fora xpos nopnnane cnera nexa uonex n nosnaje
cne n npe nama ncryna xao pyrn For, na nnn je cnesnane camo xo Fora, nnn on
cmarpa Forom ro mro ne sna, npema, xaxo nspexny ]nnoco], nemoryhe je a
nopnuem oxancrnenocr onor, mro ne nosnajem. Axo on oner nosnaje Fora camo xao
ypox rora, mro je on casnao, snaun a Ia ne cmarpa yspoxom onor mro ne npnnaa
neronom casnany; a ro snaun a nspannana oxancxy cnny ca cnerom! a casna nnme
o saxyuenor no roj naceenn, on ne moxe. Hacynpor rome, mn cmo yehenn a ca
ysnsanem nsna snana, Fora nnmra ne cnpeuana a nponsnee xnae cnerona ne
camo ncrnx, neh n pasnnunrnx, na nopnuemo oxancxocr y cnnm crnapnma yonmre,
neh ns onor nama nenosnaror saxyunjemo o esrpannunoj moryhnocrn Tnopna. Taxo
je Hanne, npeysnocehn oxancxy nennunny n na ono nemy nenosnaro, pexao, a je
Xpncroc nannmen na cnaxnm nmenonanem, ne camo nmenyjyher, rj. casnaror y
caamnem nexy, neh n nmenonano xoje he a ye nosnaro y yyhem nexy (E]. 1, 20
21); a na pyrom mecry y cnojnm nocnannnama, pexanmn Ko he a nac onojn o
Xpncrone yann? n npepojanmn cne uyncrneno n ymcrneno, caamne n yyhe,
o oaje: H nnxaxna pyra rnap ne moxe a nac onojn o yann Foxnje (Pnm. 8,
3539), camnm rnm saxyuyjyhn oc cymror na necymracrnyjyhe n cyehn o nemy
ocnonno xao o nocrojehem. Hpexo jenor nonmajyhn xnae, a xpos orpannueny moh
ono esrpannuno, nnje nn raxo a mn xpos ennmnunocrn casnajemo cne Foxnje, xao
mro no mauxama casnajemo nanone n no xpajennma oehe rxannny, ox axo ne
npnxnaramo Fora xao yspox cnnx crnapn, ns cnnx nnx hemo Ia nsysern a xpos nepy
oamo nemro raxno, mro je nnme o nosnana cymror, xao nsnohene naceene ns
nenocrojeher jennnm oxancxnm Cnnom? /Tpufaoe, II, 3, 65/
3aopan opa ne amnecrnpa nac o oecmnmanana xoje nacryna ca
pxanem moryhnocrn carneanana mecra npesnpa n cnane, nacnnno sarnapa n oxnna y
rpannne nyxnocrn npnpoe, onymrajyhn a ce axrnnna crpana ecxpaja nnn jom

nmao anexocexne nocnenne, a je cnpxa nayxe y mnpeny nnaannne ycxor poa na npnpoom, sa mra je
cmarpao a je neonxono xonxperno yrnphnnane emnnpnjcxnx yspoxa ca pesynrarnma norpennm sa neno erano
ynosnanane. unnoco]nja ce npema nemy ann Forom, uonexom n npnpoom, ann je pasymenane one norone xo
nera narypanncrnuxo, raxo a snaun nonmane npnpoe y ]opmama marepnjannor cnera xojnma je nsmaxnyr
]opmannn yspox. unnoco]nja npnpoe je raxo cnexynarnnna /physica specialis alias metaphysica/ n npaxrnuna
/mehanica et magia/, na ]nsnxa nema norpee a ce ann nemarepnjannnm ]opmannnm n ]nnannnm ysponnma,
yyhn a cy e]nnnjenrnn ono mro oesehyje napacrajyhe snane nnn moh pasnoja nayxe, ca doctrina de angelis et
spiritibus xao nsnoom ns Foxnjnx ncxasnnana xpos crnopeno. Tesy o ]nsnnn xao emnnpnjcxoj naynn xoja
pasmarpa ncxyunno e]nnnjenrne n marepnjanne yspoxe, Fexon je nspasnro sacrynao y xnnsn Historia naturalis et
experimentalis ad condendam philosophiam: sive phenomena universi /Hpnpona n excnepnmenranna ncropnja pan
sacnnnana ]nnoco]nje: nnn nojane ynnnepsyma (1622-1623)/, re je xyno Hnarona n Apncrorena mro ce cranno
nosnnajy na ]nnannn yspox, a xnanno emoxpnra n Ennxypa sor onnca marepnjannor cnera es enrenexnja, mro je
oner snaunno sanaane y nncrpymenrannsyjyhe n mexannnncrnuxo rymauene npnpoe. unnoco]nja ce raxnnm
xonnenrom orpannuanana na yuene o axcnomnma xojn cy sajennuxn pasnnunrnm nayxama, re je rypnyra y
njacnopy cnohenem na rpancnenenranne nojmone are y penannjn ca pyrnm nayxama, axne peyxonana na
cncremarnsaropcxy nomoh nayxama, re joj je penecancno n cacnnm moepno cum instauratio magna nsmnnano rno na
xome je nounnana, ys esnoronopno cnane y mnponnny.
106
camo xao nexa nerarnnna nennunna penarnnnor nnrensnrera npncycrna npasnnne n
nornphyje nacnnnnuxe mohn sarnapajyhn nyrene nepnennnjn oxancxor cnerna. 3a
ornapane raxne nepnenrnnne nepcnexrnne naxan nyroxas ns npahena nyrane namepe
na xojn ce opaha naxna, xaxo je na ro n yxasao poonauennnx ncnxasma, Ipnropnje
Hanama: ...Bepnn, n rymau ca naom oxo oxancxnx crnapn, Hcax /26/ xaxe a cy
nam ara na ymenna oxa, carnacno cneouancrny orana.... Jecn nn uyo, cnn onn ro
ronope, a ro je a nmamo na ymenna oxa, n nnje ncra xopncr o rneana nnma,
raxo a jennm rneanem nnnmo ono caxpnneno y npnponnm crnapnma, rj. Foxnjy
cnny. Berona npemypocr n npomncao o nama, ocrnxna je nennunnom Beronor
nohcrna xpos nac, na pyrnm rneanem nnnmo cnany Berone cnere npnpoe, xaa
For naronsnonn a nac ynee y yxonne rajne. Vxonnxo je n jeno n pyro rneane
/spene/, ono mro ce nnme nnn jecre cnerno, a axo nnje ncra xopncr o jenor n
pyror rneana, ro n y nnheny cnerna npecrojn nexa nocnoxnocr, raxo a je
cnaxnm nnhenem cnerno pyraunje, xoje pyrnm nnhenem nnje nnnno. Foxancxn
Hcax nam je ojacnno xaxan je cnaxn o nnx, nasnnajyhn jeno ocrnrnyhem Foxnje
cnne, npemypocrn n npomncna n yonmre nsnyuennm ns crnopena nosnananem
Tnopna, a pyro ne nnhenem Foxnje npnpoe, a nonono xnenernnnn ne n namnn
nono sa npnronop, neh cnany Berone npnpoe... Bennxn nonncnje Apeonarnr
nnme, xaxo mn nosnajemo Fora, Kojn n nnje ocrnxan ymom n nnje uyncrnen, n xao y
cymnama nacrana: Hehe nn nrn npannnno a ce xaxe, a mn ne nosnajemo Fora
xpos Berony npnpoy, nero xpos nopeax cymrnna, naxon uera pasorxpnna npe
nama najoxancrnennje casnane, xoje ce onpmana y narnpnponom cjennanany,
nsna yma n snana, ca nacnernehnm cnernom, a onn cy oannnn naymno casnane
xao nnmra, a cnonnne peun cnerora xao neouexnnano oaro nanohene nncy
yocrojnnn nnxaxnor pamarpana n nanoe nx y onajany o onor mro nenocpeno
nperxon n cnen, xaxo n nno yrnpheno a ce For casnaje camo xpos rnapno.
unnoco] nnje jom cmorao a pasyme, a je xo cneror ry peu o ycxom snany,
npncyrnom y cnaxome no npnpon, a ne o snany, xoje ce aje Cnernm yxom. V
crnapn, xaxe nonncnje, yxonnxo cnaxn uonex onnaa npnponnm cnoconocrnma,
uyncrnenor n ymcrnenor casnana, ro xaxo nnma casnajemo Fora, a nn je o
uyncrnenor n nnje nn ymom ocrnxno? Ha xpajy, nnje pyraunje nero ns uyncrnenor n
ymom ocrnxno cymror: xao poonn casnana cymror n orpannuene cymrnm, xpos
cymro onn orxpnnajy oxancrno. Ann xo nma ne camo uyncrnene n ymcrnene
cnoconocrn, xo je naojen yxonnom narnpnponom naroahy, nhe casnaro ne
xpos camo jeno cymro, neu yxonnxo je For yx, n yxonno nsna uyncrna n yma,
cneyneno ce caunnana Foxnjnm n y Fory nosnajyhn Fora. Kpos ny je n norpeno
mncnnrn oxancxo, xaxo nac cnern nsnemrana, a ne xpos nac came, no cacnnm
ncrynajyhn ns camnx cee n cacnnm nocrajyhn Foxnjnm. Crora je oe npnnaarn
Fory, a ne camnma cen; Foxnje he ory nrn aponano onome, xo je ca Forom.
/Tpufaoe, II, 3, 15; 68/ Hpeemnnpnjcxn n nperexnnuxn xapaxrep enncrema xoje
nopasymena ncxycrno yxa, nnxaxo nnje nexn namenn npesnp npema emnnpnjcxoj
crnapnocrn, nero je npe ynncxa cnecr o crnapnocrn camor yxa nnn o npncyrnom
nenosnarom cnery, xojn onaj rex nacnnrno noemennm uynnma onaxnnn moxemo a
xocraryjemo n unnnmo pacnonoxnnnm sa opehene npcre casnanana. Cnernocna
npnpoa cnecrn unnn xnnor xnnnm, a casnana npeunmhana o nnxonnx ocnona nnn
o opehennx rnnonornja yxonne crnapnocrn, ca unme je ornopen nyr pasymenana
107
nanono sacrapennx reonomxnx cxnarana, a raxohe n nyr y cpne carnacnocrn xome ce
o ncxona noxopana cam ym y najnnmnm nperensnjama ncrnncrnonana.
Onn xojn cy yrnxnn y namepn a ce yocroje Foxnje Mypocrn, nnrn cy
camnm rnm nsrynnn ocehaj sa snauaj n cnary nmenonana n nocrann myrann, nnrn cy
onecnocoenn a n ae yy rpesnenn n mncne pasopnro, xaxo cy nojenne
crynje xoje cy nx nsjenauanane ca oromnncxnm npannonannnm
camoncrjasanannma, ro xrene a cyrepnmy, na n a nnayrypnmy. Taj ca ceneposanaa
ynajyhn nerap, cna cpeha, cnaamano je n ryranno ocrao nenpnmeran no cnojnm
naxnano pacnamehnm, n xao a nmnrnpa onor Bapnaama n Axnnna o npe ceam
nexona no namepama n yunnnnma, n cacnnm ennacnpannm nomerannma, raxo a nx
ne npen nn cnomnnarn. V nncxoj canpemenocrn je ncnxasmy cxnony nncoxy nnnnjy
ocmnmanana crnapnocrn moxa nonajoe pasnno nennxn yx Hanna
Anexcanponnua unopencxor, xojn je orxpno n ]nnorenercxy crpany nonmene
]opme nmenonana npema neronom cneennxy Anexcejy ueooponnuy Hoceny, a xojn
je najynopnnje nocehao a ce y cxnony penne ]nnoco]nje nmena "nme cxnarano xao
xnno nhe", mrannme - xao ojexrnnannja mncrnuxe cymrnne xoja nexn y ocnonn
cnera xao nocean ranac nnn nycax cnercxe noe...Ho cnom nopexny, nme je
neecxo. Ono je oxancxa cymrnna...neja je ecxonaunocr xao xnno cymracrno,
onaxnno uynno. Cam Hocen je cmarpao najnehom sacnyrom nnnennnje n
nynnnocrn unopencxor xao ]nnoco]a ro ejero-onomacrnuno cranonnmre, re ra je
nnono nacranno, nnehn a je mennnroncxn mnronornuno (ono je ymcxo =
rpnjanuxa eneprnja, onocno mnronorema), marnjcxo (ymcxo-co]njcxa eneprnja) n
enxonornuxo (npeymnnauxo xao ymcxo-nspaxajna eneprnja nnn eneprnjnocr came
eneprnje nanamncrnuxe nncnnpannje), rj. jenncrno ymennor n renecnor cxnona
npnpoe nnn mncrnuxa npxna. Ha onnm pasmnmannma yremeena je n crynja p
Mnnopaa Hasnha: Cpncra ecmemura acremus+a (1375-1459) /2. rnana oxropcxe
nceprannje: Heno xao rpancnenenrno: Henora cnona, Hcrounnx, p. 45-46,
Feorpa, 2003., crp. 5-92/, xojn je n cam npnneo nocneny enxapncrnjy Iocnoy
sanpmnnmn je n caropenmn y noj. Hcnxasam nnn ymno rnxonane y oxancxom
npnsnny n oxpyxjy, xoje je npema neronnm cnernom neecxor orna noaennm
ynnnma npoxeno raxohe n crapy cpncxy xnnry, ysnmano ce y pasmarpane jep je
nspaxanano ocnonny xey sa ncrnnn najnnxnm ocmnmananem nncrnonana.
39


39
Vronnxo je naxan noarax a je cnnc Tpnjae y samrnry cnemrenoesmonnnnxa o Ipnropnja Haname (1296-
1359) cnojnm nejama sapana ymao y 3opnnx manacrnpa euann /p. 88 ns 1360-1380.ronne/, nonenmn n nme
Ipnropnje Hanama. Vnpano onaj sopnnx p Mnnopa Hasnh je cmarpao najnoysannjnm ocnonnem sa cnojy resy
a je cacnnm npncyran n nsnojnn nnoornopan yrnnaj ncnxasma y cpncxoj cpenonexonnoj cpennn, rnpehn a
on: ...nenom cnojom capxnnom (npecrana) marepnjan xojn je Hanama ys jom nexonnxo cnnca yonnuno y
Tpnjae, na n y rom cmncny npecrana jean o najnaxnnjnx nsnopa sa ncnxacrnuxo nonmane reonomxor n
]nnoco]cxor cxnarana xnnre. /ramo, crp. 74/ Cpenonexonnn uonex xojn ce ynymrao y ymno rnxonane nmao je
norpey sa ynaxenem y mnpe xopnsonre casnanana crnapnocrn, a nspas re norpee no je acxernsam ca
nenrpnpanom namepom xperana xa nenosnarom. Cnaxaxo a anac moxemo a naneemo mnoro npnmepa yn xojn
ce oryhyjy o xnnora a n crexnn mohn xoje n morne jom nnme a yonoe nnxonoj nesajaxnnoj noxnenn, ann
oner ona naxn camo sa cner cnaxonennne cyapa ocrpamhenocrn n onuna orahana. Mornnannjom ormennnmrna
n rpanena mopa a rocnoapn yan (a ne nexa sacrpanyjyhe sacnenena noa sa mohnma) npema camom
xnnory, ne n nn ce y rparany sa neronnm ncxonom npennaano n nornano nosemapcxo rnannnane n
sacrpamyjyha ycamenocr y xojoj ce y roj cnryannjn nojennan sarexao. Ounro je a yocrojanane sa npano
nncane nopasymena ncxycrno cyouanana ca pyraunjnm rnnom cnecrn o onune, sa ncrpaxnnanem ncrnne xoja
n nopasymenana n neny nnnny n nennnny crpany xao anexo mnpe cxnaheny nennny, xoje nema es
108
Hpernocranxa raxnor, nansrne neonymrenor cyxanana rexyher jenncrna cnecrn y
pasnonpcnoj xynrypnoj nonyn n ncropnjcxoj pasnoponocrn rpahe
40
, jecre a ce

npnnye npnpoe unja ce cnnxa spanopasymcxn ]opmnpa y onunoj cnecrn. Taxohe je jacno a je ynorpea nojma
nopaxanana one mnmena npoyxrnnno n y xpajnoj nnnnjn nonesano ca sanonecrnma ns cnernx cnnca xao
cnnrernuxo nonmane, a ne xao cneno ononamane n npenymrane pasnonpcnnm ncrjasanannma xoja camo
cnrnannsyjy censannje rnan, xehn, npemopa nnn onnnx rpnena. Vronnxo je narnamanan snauaj ecrernxe xoja y
rpancnenenrannoj anepnennnjn xareropnja xpos penenrnnnrer yrncaxa n cnonrannrer nojmona nosnaje n
ymernnuxo nnaane npema camoj npnpon, c osnpom na ro xonnxo cmo ocnocoenn a carneanamo cymracrno
came npnpoe xoja o nouerxa nonn a ce xpnje, re a menamo xnannrer cnojnx nepnenrnnnnx saxnara n
xareropnje xoje ]opmnpamo ononmo o n]ysnocrn n ]nynnocrn. 3axnayjyhn epocy xojn je naronno na
ncrpaxnnana nocrao je npernean xomnnexc pasacyrnx cnnca no ]ononnma crape n perxe cpncxe xnnre, yyhn
a je nnsax onp ca nnma onycrno n onmno nnohen repencxn pa, xojnm je ocrnapnnao ynne y name xnnxno
naro n npnanao marepnjan sa nepoocrojno nncane o rom cermenry xynrypne ncropnje. Berono nncane raxo
nma ony cnary yennocrn xojy moxe a nspxn camo naxnno capana eneprnja n camonoysane npneno ns
yoxor ynosnanana npemera. Crora on cynepeno nnme: V pasnnm snpxama na npocropy nnme Jyrocnannje sa
nepno o 1371-1459. ronne nocrojn oxo 213 xoexca, a oap eo npnnaa n nnmem ]ony Hapone
nnnorexe y Feorpay, xojn je nsropeo sa npeme nemauxor omaponana 1941. ronne. uon snpxe manacrnpa
Xnnanapa na Cneroj Iopn pojn oxo 40 sopnnxa, unjy cmo crpyxrypy ysenn y osnp y ersaxrnom eny onor
namer paa. Peu je sanpano o nnamnuxoj crpann one najnehe snpxe cpncxnx cpenonexonnnx xoexca, mro aje
npno penpesenrarnnny cnnxy nnrenexryannor npo]nna onnx xojn cy re xoexce ornapann n unrann. (ramo, crp.
109) Cnaxaxo a n raxan onm crapnx xnnra mnore nnnorexe noxenene a mory a nmajy n anac, ne camo sor
crpannune connjanno-exonomcxe xpnse xoja je, moxe ce mera]opnuno pehn, cpymnna neo na rnanama napoa
nnme Jyrocnannje, a nama anac y Cpnjn xnnre yunnnna ononnxo npncrynaunnm, xonnxo je ro nna, pennmo,
npe nsrpane mehepana sa onmnnjy nponsnony, namnpnnna mehep.


40
Vcxnahyjyhn n nonesyjyhn pasne nsnope, npema crpyxrypnoj capxnnn, cacrany npomennnocrn n enemenry
sopnnuxor xapaxrepa monamxo-nonnxnnuxe nnreparype nponamao je on, a neh y npnoj nononnnn XIV nexa
nocroje opnrnnannn cacrann no nenocpennm yrnnajem nnamnsonane ncnxacrnuxe opnjenrannje. Hoponn
onnc sancra nmnosanrnor nnsa npnmena ncnxacrnuxor yuena o npncycrnonany n yeny Foxnjnx rsn.
necrnopennx eneprnja ca xojnma je onmrene onunom uynnomhy ncxyueno, re o xojnx ce onasn
nonnxnnuxnm meroama ncnnnnnnonana noe n yma, saynsnma nennxn npocrop y camom pay, o uemy unranan
moxe a ce ocneoun npenymrajyhn ce pacneranannma ayropa xoja he ra oanemranarn n ynonrn y camy crnap
jenocrannnm, jacnnm n caxernm crnnom nsnarana. Kaxo je p Mnnopay Hasnhy neoma crano a nsnojn n y npnn
nnan nsnece ynpano re enemenre ns yxynne orocnoncxe saocranmrnne xnnxnor xynrypnor nara namer napoa,
re a oparn noceny naxny na nnrensnnan yrnnaj ncnxacrnuxnx crpyjana, on rnme onocn n capxajny nonnny
xoja mena nornennnauxe cranone ncropnuapa nonyr Oonencxor, xojn cy pxann a je ro rex nyxo xonnpane
ysopa n rorono mexannuxo ononamane es neher snauaja no ncropnjy xnnre n xynrype, ncrnuyhn uax n pasnnjen
yxyc nnn sannan ecrercxn nnno onoca: V cpncxom 3opnnxy ns 1365/75. ronne, (HFC 26) o n. 281-290,
nanasn ce, axo ce moxe pehn, ncnxacrnuxn opasan nnryprnjcxe peropnxe (xomnnnrnxe), cacran no nacnonom Cn.
Ipnropnja Haname cnono na Vcnene Hpecnere Foroponne. Onom npnnnxom nemoryhe je nanecrn cne one snauajne
n pojne xomnnnrnuxe sopnnxe xojn cy yrnnann na pasnoj peropnuxnx cxnarana xo Cpa, a cnaxaxo a cy namne
ojexa xo omahnx opnrnnannnx nncana n necnnxa, jep n xnrnja cy xomnononana y mnornm cnojnm enemenrnma
na ocnony nnsanrnjcxe peropnuxe npose. Taxohe, ro ce onocn n na peropnuxe yrnnaje na omahy nnryprnjcxy
xnmnorpa]njy, re cy Teoocnjene cnyxe, na npnmep, npen. Cnmeony n cn. Cann, xao n Hamnaxona cn. Cre]any
euancxom ymne y capxnny neoma pojnnx npennca Hpasnnunor mnneja. Hponem uonexa nnn npanocnanna
anrpononornja y onncnma npereua ncnxasma n ncnxacra, unja cy naxna ena ymna y cacran cpncxe npenone
xnnxennocrn n reonomxe mncnn, no je ennenran, ann nensn]epennnpan, mro je y yxy cpenonexonnor
cxnarana nepe. 3anpano, onaj cermenr nnrenexryannnx cxnarana na sanacxy cpncxe cpenonexonne pxane mopao
je nmarn nennxy naxnocr, snajyhn a je nnsanrnjcxo xpnmhancrno nnrane uonexa nocranano y cpenmre cnoje
mncnn., cmarpa a ce ro oraha neh xo npereua ncnxasma /xo nc. nonncnja Apeonarnra, Maxcnma
Hcnonennxa, Cnmeona Honor Forocnona/, a a npenononn n npenncnnaun Hnox Hcanja napa ymana, Hnox ns
anme ecnora Cre]ana Hasapennha, cacranau Iopnuxor sopnnxa Hnxon Jepycannman sa Jeneny Fanmnh /1435-
1443/ ca enncronapnnm npnnosnma pe]nexcnnne crnnncrnxe uax n noercxe npnpoe (pennmo: Honecr o
jepycannmcxnm npxnama n mecrnma y nycrnnn, Vno y nonmane naceene, 3ema nncn cpe neecne
nponannje n.262-265), pao ynpmranajy raa canpemene reonomxe nncne Jonana amacxnna, Cre]ana Tnnejcxor,
Knnmenra n Teo]nnaxra Oxpncxor, Ipnropnja Cnnanra nr. Taxo je p Mnnopa Hasnh ocneo o saxyuxa a
je sajeno ca npereuama n axryennnm ncnxacrama omno o caspenana armoc]epe xoja je noroonana n namnm
naneennm ayropnma a ce xpos penennnjy onor noxpera y cpncxom pymrny noynare n camn nocna npoyxnnje
xnnra. Taxo on xoncraryje: Hpenoom 1371. ronne Apeonarnrcxor xopnyca (Corpus Areopagiticum) o crpane
109
nsahe nan npene cnaxonennne n jypena no marncrpannnm nyrennma, re cnhe na mane
excxnysnnne crase pan jauana naxne n oaspnnocrn y mnmeny y npncehany
nncrnonana, re npnone na yrnxnn xpajonnx nansrne mane snauajnnx caopahajnnna
pan ncnynena norpee sa mypomhy. V raxnom oxpyxeny xnnenn cy yn xojn cy
yxnann cnaxonenny norpey onune cnecrn sa camonornphnnanem, rj. ynyrpamnn
njanor ca camnm coom (mro ce yrnannom onocno na rnnone rsn. rpynexnnx
ycxnx npenonana, rj. excnenrpnsama n sacrpannnana) n oxperann ce xpos
ycnocranane rnmnne y crpyjama cnecrn ymnpnnany y cpenmry nncrnyjyher, y
cpny, rparajyhn sa npoyennjnm onnnnma ersncrennnje.
41
Hpanocnanna ecrernxa
rena n rajna nonnocrn cxpehe nam xacnnje naxny n na nonecne xopnsonre ca
ynyrcrnom mypor n pasopnror an. Hanna, a ce npeopaxanamo ns nnjexa y nnjex
ne saopanajyhn reno xao xpam Foxnjn, xpos namepe ]opmnpane y reny rena xaxo
je cn. Ipnropnje Hanama e]nnncao cpne xao cenmre cnnx nnona emonnonanne
nnrennrennnje n noymenannnx pann, re yrounmra n opnrea na npomnpnnane
ocmarpauxnx nnnxa n cnpemnmre eneprercxnx norennnja yxonnor pacra. Cnaxaxo
a ona ne moxe a ce ocrnrne rex Kanronnm nnn]epenpnnm ncxasom o
exnapncany cnojnx xea npe Forom, xao nemro cxopo ysanyno unneno nnn
nnmeno noroncxor ronopa sneryxe rpancnenenranne cynjexrnnnocrn xoja
xonrponnme samnmena cnponohena. Taxnom sacrpannnany Cnern Ipnropnje
Hanama omax n morao a npyxn ocrojan oronop, xao mro je nera n
Bapnaamonom nocmexy sa nenpecrany monnrny ocrojno oronopno:
Hopannanajyhn narnpnpone apone ca npnponnm, ]nnoco] ce mnoronpnuajyhn
xnara sa anocroncxy sanonecr o monnrnn, ynepanajyhn a je nemoryhe nenpecrano ce
monnrn (1 Con. 5, 17). Axo ce ne pasyme raxo xaxo on cam rymaun, a on ro unnn y

cpncxor reonora n npenonona nnoxa Hcanje, nama xynrypa je onna xnnry xoja je norennnjanno yrnnana na
mnore acnexre npxnenor, pxannor n pymrnenor xnnora, xao n na ecrernuxe npenocrn ymernocrn na sanacxy
cpncxe cpenonexonne pxane...Hanme, npeno Apeonarnrcxor xopnyca ys, o anac najnoysannjn sannc nnoxa
Hcanje o Mapnuxoj nnn, npecranajy cnecr jenor pymrna o ncropnjcxom saarxy na npmeny xynrypne n
yxonne mncnje, y nny nenor cnacanana, ouynanem n crnapanem najnnmnx xynrypnnx npenocrn. (ramo, crp.
235) Ayrop noceno nsnaja nsyserny crnapanauxy nojany Hnxona Jepycannmna /3opnnx (Cannna 21) -
Becronennnx Hnxona Jepycannmna ns 1440. r./, jep je xpos nera nporonopnna norpea jene enoxe nnnynmn ce
o remarcxe ynnnepsannocrn n ocrojne ancrpaxrnocrn, ca unme je ys necamepnne npenonnauxe sacnyre n sannce
nnoxa Hcanje, cannjen onaj xpearnnnn nyx npanocnanno-cnonencxnx ncnxacrnuxnx sopnnxa.

41
Hsmehy ocranor, o rome cneoun n nnreparypa xojoj ce na nayunoj nnnorexapcxoj ocnonn n nperpecannma
xnnornnx capxaja ]nnoco]cxnm pe]nexcnjama y najnepasronernnjoj ecrercxoj nmensnjn (pyxonohenom
ncropnjcxo-xnnxnnm ocehajem sa paronenocr nepcxor cranonnmra) ncrpaxnnauxn nocnerno n p Mnnopa M.
Hasnh, ocranajyhn nam anannsy cpncxe xynrne ecrernxe ca ecrernuxnm cxnarannma cneror Cane, saxyuyjyhn:
3anpano, neje ecrernxe acxernsma crnapane cy xo cpncxor pennrnosnor uonexa ycxnhene cnnxe cmnpena,
cxnaa n yxonne cnare, xpos anrnnnnannjy xpacore cnernocrn, onocno npnonnxa Fora. /Mnnopa M. Hasnh,
Ecmemu:ra cxeamana ceemoe Caee, Feorpa, 1998., crp. 86/ p Hnan Konapnh je y rome jom nspnunrnjn: Cana
Hemannh je poonauennnx cpncxor ncnxasma. Hajsnauajnnjn ncnxacrn cy neponarno nnn Ipnropnje Cnnanr n
Ipnropnje Hanama, xojn cy xnnenn nex nocne Cneror Cane...Hcnxasam je sanpano cpx npanocnana n nnsanrnjcxe
]nnoso]nje. Hcnxna je rnxonane, esmonnnje, esrnacnn monean. Hcnxacrn xnne npoyxoneno, cnoxojno n
crnmano...omenrnjan nnme o nnmnnm oronnhennma Cane Hemannha, a Teoocnje o manoj spaxn, ne
onncyjyhn noponnje cam oxnnaj. oxnnajn ce, y crnapn, ne oxasyjy nero ce onncyjy. 3aro je oxasnnane
Fora sa ncnxacre, n xpnmhane yonmre, nocrynax cnnuan oxasnnany a je noa moxpa, co cnana nnn me cnaax.
V xpajnoj nnnnjn, ro je sa nnx oroxyene. A y Xu.auoapcro+ munurv Cana Cpncxn excnnnnnre rnpn: A rpea
ronopnrn ns oxancxnx cnnca, jep je ro xopncno sa ymy, nnn hyrarn . omenrnjan nac ynepana a je Cana y
onome, xao n y cnemy ocranom, enonao npnmepom: H ynex uynajyhn ycra cnoja n jesnx cnoj, a nn peujy nn enom
ne ornane o crpamne sanocnecrn Iocnone, n nnxaa ce ne yocrojn npasne peun. /Hnan xonapnh, Ceemu Caea
Cpncru, xapus+a u +um, Hnm, 2000., crp. 212-221/
110
rom cmncny a one anocron ne ronopn o cnponoheny monnrne, neh o monnrnenom
pxany, monnrneno pxane je nemoryhnocr a ce nno mra yunnn, mncnn n
nsnpmana es Foxnje noe, sa onor xojn ce y raxnom crany nanasn n jecre monehn ce
nenpecrano. Axo je raxna nenpecrana monnrna, ]nnoco] moxe a ne nonxe rnany
o jennncxnx xnnra n nenpecrano ce monn. Bra je moryhe pehn raxnom nenpecrano
ce monehem n ]nnoco]y xojn ce nnxaa ne monn? To, mro ce na pyrom mecry xaxe
xo Anocrona: Monnre ce yxom y cnaxo oa, n o rome nonre pnry (E]. 6, 18).
Bra, a nn ce n ry ronopn o crany, xaxo rn ro rymaunm, nnn nnax o enonany? A
caa je nenpecrano n y cnaxo oa jeno n ncro. Vxonnxo Anocron npenopyuyje
a ce ye naxnn npn monnrnn, cacnnm je jacno, a on nnme o npncranany na
ejcrnonane /eneprercxn/. H Iocno, no Jenanhenncrn Hyxn, raxohe je ronopno
npnuy yuennnnma sa ro, a je norpeno nasa ce monnrn n ne osnonoanarn (Hx.
18, 1). a nnje moxa a je n On one noyhnnao na crane? He, cama npnua ne
ronopn o crany, neh o ncrpajnocrn rpaxena, na n peun xoje ne naa osnonoanarn,
rj. npema manoymnocrn ocnannarn nacrojane; noxasyjy, a nam ne caneryjy
npennane y crany, a jom nnme ne y raxnom, o xome yun ]nnoco], ox je camo
ejcrno monnrne, rj. monene, n ro je jacno raxohe ns sanpmnnx peun Iocnoa y npnun:
For aje yxa Cneror onnma xojn Ia mone an n noh (Hx. 18, 7; 11, 13), rj. onnma
xojn ce nenpecrano mone. Mn ce y roj nenpecranoj monnrnn rpynmo ne a ncmo
yennn Fora, jep On aje yrexy no Cnojoj non, n ne pan rora a ncmo Ia
npnnyxnn, jep je On cnyre, neh pan rora a n cnojnm nosnanem camn cee nsnenn n
oparnnn ce Bemy y namepanany a ce oparnmo /npnenemo, npnonmrnmo/
Beronnm naroarnnm aponnma. 3aro mro, no nennxom nonncnjy mn ca Forom
jecmo ona xaa ra npnsnnamo y uncrnm monnrnama n necyjernnm ymom/35/. Mn ra
nenpecrano npnsnnamo a ncmo nenpecrano nnn c Bnme. /Tpnjae, II, 1, 30/
uonexona npnpoa cama no cen nnje ena n esnpena, ann nocraje mano rpamsnno
uyonnmre ncnyneno cnennnom crpacrn, xaa nonnasn mpaunoj crpann cnor nha n
oxpene ce o cnernocne ocnone na xojoj sanpano n nounna. Axo rneamo na nojam
cnooe n npe Kanronor casnajnoxpnrnuxor noyxnara y xome ra je on npenosnao y
cpny Iocnoa Cnna Foxnjer n cnaxor pasopnror nha, n nacnehe nojma cnooe y
nacnehy xpnmhancrna nopasymena rsn. cnoony noy xao cmncao onpeennana sa
opo nnn sno y cnernocrn ocrnapnnana ycnona sa npnnny nyrem nnrepnopnsannje
Foxnjnx saxona xojom ce ocnena o ncnynanana npernocranxn sa npnnny ca xojom je
naa y Foxnjy naroar nono onepena n onpanana.
Cnponohene namepa nyrem rexnn n mncnn sanncno je o pacnonoxnnnx
casnana xoje ry namepy ]opmnpajy, ne ocrajyhn rnme rex na oroennm mamrannma o
cnaynanom nenrnrery jacrna xoje ce ynncano y xnnry onnx xojn cy ocnrypann o
yrpoxenocrn n xojnma n ce nosajmnnao pejrnnr nonnamhennx y samnmenom
semacxom pajy, xa je neh n cam Iocno y cnojnm xasnnannma ncraxao a nerono
napcrno nnje o onora cnera /canere npnpoe n nyxnocrn npnnye nonomxor
npemnnanana/. Taxo ne nsnopna nepa nnn ns came eneprnje rena ]opmnpana namepa
sanncna o cncrema nnrepnperannje cnera xao onnca nnn mane xojy naa meranojom
npenasnhn, xajanem sor cnecrn o ryeny npnmopnjanne mohn snana
npeopaxanarn ym n pacnonoxnna casnana xpos ycanpmanane nepnennnja, o
nnhena xoja he nac nyrem carnacnocrn ca cnnama nnnne n xapmonnsannjom ca
111
cnnama nennnne npnpoe, onecrn o yuecrnonana na cnernocnnm Foxnjnm
eneprnjama. Fyyhn a nam ry crojn na pacnonarany ananornja ca namom cnecnom
cnpcncxonom enarnomhy, ro mn npocyhyjemo xao namepno noemanane xoje je
neonxono, xaxo xaxe Kanr npernocrannrn nexor mypor crnopnrea cnera, a
ncmo nmann jean nyroxas y npoyuanany npnpoe. /Kanr, K.:.v., npen. crp. 599/ To
npernocranane neoma ce cxpynynosno cyspxana o yremennana pan nsnohena
na uncran nenoxynne nponemarnxe ojexrnnnocrn ojexra, xaxo ona nna nsnohena
ns uncror pasyma, ann neh y cnncy xojn remarnsonano pasmarpa nnrane xpajne cnpxe,
cmncna n ycrpojcrna cnnx crnapn, on raxohe yxasyje n na Foxnjy yan xao nsnop
eneprnja sa cnomenyre ynne: Xpnmhancrno ysnma y osnp ro, a cama yan
caunnn pasmarpane cnojnx oanesa yonmre, re je ono crnapa crora mro nen Tnopan
ne xasyje xnannrerom nexor napeoanna nyrem noe xoja saxrena nocnymnocr, neh
jenom uonexoynnomhy, xojn ynma ns cnoje oxonnne yxasyje na nyno cxnarane
nnxone nnacrnre noe, rj. na ro no uemy ona ns opononor enana npen, a n
camn cee npnxnano ncnnrann, mra nexn na cpny.
42
axne, ro mro na cpny nexn
yjeno je npann nyroxas xperannma yxa npema neronom ynyrpamnem pasnojy. To
xperane y cen ne n cmeno a nopasymena nnxaxna uynana yxa ns rena, nnn nax
npesnp ncnxonomxnm aoprnnnnm cpecrnnma nnacrnre n ryhe renecnocrn, neh
npenasnnaxena n meramop]ose yxonnor rena na nyry npema ncxoncxom openmry.
Kaa ce oxancxa cnernocna ocnona aponana orxpnnenem n xprnom Forouonexa
snoynorpeana n yunnn esnauajnom, re re reopnjcxnm nocrynncanem ayroxparnje
marepnje y rsn. npnpon nacrynn oxperane oroenom xeonncrnuxom
censnnnnrery, ycnehyje cposanane xoje raxny nnnnnyy oneneny oxonomhy n
sarnopeny y eronsam nojapmyje npnmopananem na rpamsnnocr n nsnemrauena
nonamana xao ca nexnm yrpahennm cnoamnnm nncranannjama, unnehn nonaxo
cnhymno nhe y ecxonaunom mopy cnecrn jom naryacrnjnm.
Jean o nannnnx naunna a ce uonex onnemenn n erocno-onronomxn
ysnrne, jecre n opasonane xoje moxe a yrnue na menane rnnonornje nerone
cnecrn o crnapnocrn.
43
3a cne mro pan, a nororono sa ono, uonexy je norpeno a

42
Das Christentum hat zur Absicht: Liebe zu dem Geschft der Beobachtung seiner Pflicht berhaupt zu befrdern,
und bringt sie auch hervor, weil der Stifter desselben nicht in der Qualitt eines Befehlshabers, der seinen Gehorsam
fordernden Willen, sondern in der eines menschenfreundes redet, der seinen Mitmenschen ihren eignen wohlverstanden
Willen, d.i. wornach sie von selbst freiwillig handeln wrden, wenn sie sich selbst gehrig prften, ans Herz legt.
/Kants Weke Akademie Textausgabe, Berlin, 1968, Das Ende aller Dinge, S.650/
43
Hornane xnnre o ncnxasmy y cpncxoj nncanoj rpannnjn p Mnnopaa Hasnha, nacnoneno je: Vrnnaj xnnre
na ]opmnpane cpncxe cpenonexonne nnrennrennnje, re je nocneheno ncnnrnnany y xojoj mepn je na raj nponec
morna a yrnue nnreparypa onor npemena, ca saxyuxom n re je mecro a ce na raxno nnrane onje mepoanan
oronop: axne, nsnope casnana yuennx Cpa rpea rpaxnrn y yxynnoj npoyxnnjn cpncxe, yrapcxe n rpuxe
xnnre. C osnpom na onaj meroonomxn nocrynar xojn nnje rex sanyno mnpene reme na ono mro roj remn na
npnn norne ne n npnnaano jep ce sanpe y xynrypny amrnny pyrnx n pyraunjnx, omax ce pasorxpnna xao
npnnn xaa ce noxaxe cam marepnjan xojnm ce pacnonaxe. a ro nnje camo nena xea nnn npexomepno
ncrnnane, cneoue n cneehe xoncrarannje ayropa:...xnnxnn norennnjan npxyncxor cpncxor nnrenexryanna
nepnoa 1371-1459. ronne, no je sa cpenonexonne npnnnxe orpoman, axo ce sna a je camo na npocropy nnme
Jyrocnannje cauynano oxo 3000 xoexca nenoxynnor ]ona cpenonexonne xnnre, a a ce y nnnorexama Ipuxe,
Pycnje, Fyrapcxe n pyrnx semaa nanasn cxopo ncro ronnxo xnnra. (ramo, crp. 109) He onja ce onnm yrncax
nnxaxne nannonanncrnuxe napnnconnocrn, npo]nneno n ca crnnom yme a noxaxe a sna xaxo nnxaxan
narpnornsam, cem naxnn, ne moxe a samenn pennrnosno jenncrno n connapnocr, a nororono ne moxe a ra
nsjenaun ca nannonanncrnunnm naprnxynapnsmom.

112
noceyje neyraxnny paosnanocr n nery (raxo snauene cnnrarme nonern xnnor
nnje opo npexrno nonesnnarn ca crpaxom o cmprn), jep cne yxasyje na ro a es
raxnor eneprercxor pacnonoxena mn]pa yxyunnana ocraje nenosnara. V ncrnnany
npnmara orouoneuancxe cnernocrn xoja ce y nenposnpnoj anrpononornjn nanasn
nere oxo ]nsnuxor nynxa, cn. Ipnropnje Hanama o onor xojn n ro xreo a nponepn
saxrena ecnpexopnocr nooxnor xnnora n cmemrane y nnrenexryanny yrnxnocr
xpncronnxe cnernocrn xoja ce nojannna ns Iocnoa na ropn Tanop, ca unjnm ce
jauanem crnue cnara a ce uonex yan o jom roper nyra xojn o nera unnn
roponano uyonnmre.
44


44
Crora je p Mnnopa M. Hasnh cmarpao snauajnnm a ce y crynjn Hcnxasam cpncxe xnnre 1375-1459 nanee
n nonnc sopnnxa nenocrojanor xapaxrepa, y xojnma ce raxohe nanase enemenrn ncnxacrnuxnx neja, yyhn a je
y snpxama nnme Jyrocnannje onmno sacrynen - 3opnnx, 1360/70, 462 n, euann 75 (pe. p. 261); 3opnnx,
1360/70, 201 n, euann 103 (p. . 262); 3opnnx, 1365/75, 368 n, HFC 26 (p. . 264); 3opnnx, 1370/80, 260 n, Heh
83 (p. . 266); 3opnnx, 1390/1400, 322 n, VF Toponnh 28 (p. . 268); 3opnnx (onomax), nocnena uernprnna
XIV nexa, 8 n, HFC 8 (p. . 273); 3opnnx, xpaj XIV nexa, 294 n, Cannna 23 (p. . 278); 3opnnx, rpeha uernprnna
XIV n. 160 n, Heh 92 (p. . 271); 3opnnx, xpaj XIV n. 249 n, Heh 90 (p. . 277); 3opnnx nonemnuxnx cacrana, xpaj
XIV . 56 n, HFC 11 (p. . 402); 3opnnx xnrnja, 1370/75, 326 n, HFC 17 (p. . 367); 3opnnx nonemnuxnx cacrana,
(Inannsnn o Harnnax), xpaj XIV nouerax XV . Oxo 366 n, Hena 41 (p. . 403); 3opnnx (Hsno ns
Harepnxa cnnajcxor n pnmcxor, nnrana n oronopn Aranacnja Cnnajcxor n p.), XIV n. HFF 71 (p. . P 108);
3opnnx, XIV n. HFF 104 (P 109); 3opnnx, (Xnrnja n cnona), XIV n. HFF 637 (P 112); Je]pem Cnpnn
(onomnn), XIV-XV n. HFF 731 (P 196); 3opnnx, (Henacxn sopnnx) nocnena uernprnna XIV n. 82 n,
Hena 73 (p. . 274); V snpnn manacrnpa Xnnanapa nocroje cneehn xoexcn: Xnnanap 456 3opnnx, xpaj
XIV n. 314 n; Xnn. 640 3opnnx, pyra nononnna XIV n. 121 n; Xnn. 476 3opnnx, nocnena uernprnna XIV n.
2+426 n. Texcryannn xapaxrep xnnre sopnnxa ns pyre nononnne XIV nexa ar je y onncnma xojn cy caunnenn
nno y orarnm eorpacxnm snpxama, Manacrnpy euann, Hehxoj narpnjapmnjn, nnn nax onn xojn cy ocrann
nenpncrynaunn raxohe nnajy nanohenn npema ynopennm anannsama nsnpmennx onnca. Hamn onncn nocnyxnnn
cy my xao marepnjan sa oronapajyhe anannse n enenryanna cnnrernuxa saxyunnana o camnm xoexcnma, raxo a
nx je xopncrno xao neonxonn ynn y crpyxrypy xnnxennor n ncropnjcxo-reonomxor rexcryannor capxaja.
Cymapno je snanauxn onncan capxaj xoexca Ipnropnje Hanama ns 1360/80 r., xao rexcr ca remom ns
nneymaronornje nnn o ncxoheny Cneror yxa y nonemnnn ca Harnnnma n cnnresom yuena o Cneroj Tpojnnn, re
ca sacrynennm marepnjanom cnopa ca ]opmanno-xonsepnarnnnnm cranonnma Bapnaama n Axnnna, na ayrop
pxn a, yyhn a je nacrao rorono nenocpeno naxon nsnjana cnopa, a npecrana neonomxn /ormarcxo-
nonemnuxn/ nsnop npnor pea xojn je nonasna ocnona pasnojnor nyxa cpncxe xnnre noxpenyre nnsanrnjcxnm
ncnxasmom. (ramo, crp. 183) For je ory ecxpajnn n ecnouernn ncxon xojn ce cnmonnuxn mann]ecryje y
cnojnm eneprnjama n nmennma, ox sa napnaamcxe xymanncre n nopone pannonanne reonore penecanca nna
npnnnnnnjenan camo ancrpaxrnn nojam Fora, a nerone mann]ecrannje y rnopennnn n camo nme Foxnje nnme nnje
For neh pannonannsam xoncrpyxnnje rnapnor nauena. pyrn nennxn npecrannnx ncnxasma Ipnropnje Cnnanr
npomao je nexaxo nononnje y 3opnnxy ns 1360/70. ronne /n. 368-385 nacnonen je Hoyxe Ipnropnja Cnnanra
o nocnymany, crpacrnma, opoerenma, o esmonnnjy y axpocrnxy/, re nerona ncxycrna ymnor rnxonana n
xapaxrepy naroarn xoje nopasymena /n. 385-401/. H y xoexcy oporej ns 1370/80 euann 80, re ys noyxe o
esmonnnjy n monnrnn cneyje o nncrnne 134 cnnc Ipnropnja Cnnanra xasnnane mano o esmonnnjy y 12 rnana.
3nane xoje ce ry nonyuyje je ysnnmennje o yonuajenor snana, xoje ce saonja nocpecrnom uyncrana
perncrponannx onunom cnemhy, re je carnacno ca uyncrnnma n ncronpemeno je nsna nnx. Tenecne oun ce menajy
n nne nernapny cnernocr, xoja je nncrane oxancxe npnpoe, cnana oxancrna. Ta cnana je cnernocr nennnna
sa uyncrna cne ox ona ne yy npeopaxena yxom Cnernm, na ocnony npanocnanne enncremonornje caunnana
npocnerene n Foxnje orxponene ynyrap ounmhenor ycxor cpna. Ann, rn namn onncn nncy es anrpononomxe
nepcnexrnne n ecxaronornje ncnxo]nsnuxe nennne uonexa, jep npema nnma sanor yyhnx oapa ne saonja
camo yma nero n reno, yyhn a ncrnuy xaxo onn xojn ro opnuy oanyjy n nacxpcene rena y yyhem nexy.
Kanrona npenopyxa sa sarneane y ynne nnacrnror cpna, y ro reno rena re n ce ocrnrno xpnmhancxo
ocrojancrno xnnena n namno paspemene nponema, nopasymena ono mro xpnmhancrno nmenyje rpexonnnm
xao npexpnnanom nnn sacropom xoje oannja nsnopno snane, yspoxom samennnana n saopanana crnapn, na xpos
npahane cnom nsnopnom oronnxom nasnaueny, xao a raxno mnmene amrnnn n one ojexe nponene onmre n
nnune pame uonexa n uoneuancrna. Hpema an. Hanny ono mro oramrnnyje n camnm rnm ocyjehyje ycxo cpne
xao nompauene n oonenane ymnnx cnna n cnoconocrn ycxor yxa jecre npomamaj n neycnex, xojn snaun:
npasnnny yma, nompauene mncnn, oryhene o xnnora Foxnjer sor nesnana xojn je y nnma ycne oxopenocrn
cpna nnxonor (an. Hanne, E]ecnnma, 4.18). Hesnane xao oxopenocr cpna je camonnacna uonexona
onecnocoenocr sa yan xoja rex uonexa n unnn ocrojnnm neronor oronnxor nasnauena.
113
Capxnna neje a ce For ne casnaje uncro nnrenexryannnm nponecom /cem,
axo nsa rora ne crojn ]ynamenranncrnuxa nepa o cnemohn nexe nnacrnre
camoyspounocrn nonyr apmnpannm eronom pannonannsonane rnpornanocrn
oxnonenor eronrera, ocrpamhenor npema cnemy mro ra none onon y nnrane/, neh
a ce rnm nponecom cacnnm opo moxe caejcrnonarn y npeopaxanany
necrnopenom oxancxom cnernomhy xoja ]nsnonomxn cronyje oxo uonexonor
]nsnuxor nynxa, sacnyxyje cneoxnarnnje crynje n npaxrnuxo-]nnoco]cxe paspae,
xoje n ysnrne ]nnoco]njy oorahyjyhn n reonornjy n nayxy, ann n anrpononomxy
nnreparypy yonmre. 3a nera opora nnje y npnpon snana camom no cen, nero y
ycxnm namepama, ca xojnma ce n snane nomepa na noxeny crpany, xao nsnecna
xonennocr y sanncnocrn o mnmena nonoxnnm nsmenama, na raxno ynpesane sa
crnnane ncnnnnnne xopncne sa nsomrpanane ymennor oxa, ne moxe a ce
carneana xao rsn. nacne na ycxom npnpoom, jep je ona cama y cen nemro
mro nnje aro, neh saaro. To mro cn. Hanama ncrnue namepe xao npecyne, xao cnoj
ocnon namna n n cnaxa nnma pasopnrocr, nanme ona xoja n ca npenasnnaxenem
xon]opmnsma xao rnannor nna xnnena, ncronpemeno npenasnmna n npoceune
ynne y ro mra naa, a mra ne naa, cxnarajyhn nx npema yoxom ynny namer
Cnena xao nannxe, cnnxnocrn nnn onxnocrn /nnone nerpn]nxannja/ rneana,
opnjenrnmyhn ce npema uonexa ocrojnnjnm cnpxama. V ocrojancrno uonexa cnaa ro
a ye pennrnosan, anno nam je y mera]nsnnn mopana caonmrno Kanr, nanaxyhn
a ce nonecemo ca nnacrnrom cenunomhy n cnnxom o camnma cen xojy ynopno
rpanmo ne n nn nsernn cyouanane ca onnm mro nac nsnyrpa orpannuana, a
neperxo n noxnpa y xnnory. On je raxo cmeno cranao y sarpae cnaxy npnmnrnnny
crpacr camoxnnocrn xoja cexe ns oxonane npnpoe, ca nnem a norxpanyje
najnpne onnxe camonaxnocrn, napymanajyhn rnme n rsn. ayronomny mopannocr nnn
npny sanonecr yxnocrn uonexa npema camom cen: Erkenne (erforsche, ergrnde)
dich Selbst Nicht nach deiner physischen Vollkommenheitsondern nach der
moralischen in Bezeihung auf deine Pflicht - dein Hertz ob es Gut oder Bse
sei(Casnaj /nperpaxn, oxyun/ camor cee ne npema rnojoj ]nsnuxoj
cneyxynnocrn..., nero npema mopannoj y norney cnoje yxnocrn rnor cpna a nn
je opo nnn sno...) /`Von dem ersten gebot aller Pflichten gegen sich Selbst`; H. Kanr,
Mera]nsnxa mopana, Cp. Kapnonnn; Honn Ca, 1993., crp. 341/
V nosnom cnncy o mera]nsnnn onuajnocrn nnn mopana, Kanr je onyuno
ncraxao rexnny nopoxa xor ne naa npeneperanarn, nero ncrpajno npeopaxanarn
xynrnnncanem y nenocycrajyhnm nanopnma: Hoponn xao nerno npornnsaxonnrnx
nacrpojena jecy uyonnmra npornn xojnx on ca rpea a ce opn; n saro ra mopanna
jaunna xao xpapocr (fortitudo moralis) n caunnana najnehy n jenny parnnuxy uacr
uonexa; a nasnna ce n npana, nanme npaxrnuna mypocr: jep unnn cnojom cnpxom
xpajny cnpxy xnnora na 3emn. /H. Kanr, Mera]nsnxa mopana, Cp. Kapnonnn; Honn
Ca, 1993., 206/ Hs capxajno ocmnmenor nonmana nepcnexrnne xpajne cnpxe, on
je anexo ncranuannje morao a open n nncnny mecra npnpoe y rsn. oxonanom n
cnoonom acnexry. To je n onaj nojam cnooe na xojn nnje nannxna mncao xoja je
pasnnna cnyx jenno sa neno nononexonno yremennane nnayrypncano nojmom
camonsnecne camocnecrn (camosaoxpyxyjyhe pe]nexcnje), xoja npema mnronornjn
camoxnnocrn cnonrano nyrem nponsnone npecrana crnapa cner, rsn. cnoj cner
nnn yxonnonayunnm nnorpa]cxnm npenonannma cnponnna nonnasn
114
cnncxohennma pyrannnm acnexrnma npearopcxe cnecrn, a noxyma ca nanono
nensexnnm nspannauxnm mexannsmom yma xpos sarnapane nepcnexrnna y rsn.
xymannsonany npnpoy, sa xojn nrexaxo naxn Kanrona emoncrpannja onene
esnauajnocrn raxnnx xopnsonrannnx nopannanana. Kanrone ]opme nojmene
reneonornje, xoje je ]ynnpana xeypncrnuxa npernocranxa jenom rexnnxom npnpoe
cncremarnsyjyhe nennne, nno xao nenamepne ]nsnxoreonomxe nnn namepne ernxo-
reonomxe nnn xocmonomxo-reyprnjcxe, emoncrparnnno croje y reopnjcxoj paspan
xao npcra namohne ynepenocrn xoja ce nornphyje nyrem npaxrnuxe nepe xao mepe
nnhena crnapn nennnnnx.
Hsyserno onaxane je nnhene (nnn reopemarnxa xao nonmane), xoje ce oraha
xaa cnna namepe nanojn eneprnjom opeheny onacr nepnennnje a nx raxopehn
ynann. Kaa ce xpnrnuan poj eneprercxnx noa nnn reopnjcxnx marepnjannja xao
mncnn ca capxajnma xoje noce mnmennne y namoj ynyrpamnocrn ynann, onasn o
cnryannje a ce onaxana npaxrnuno npoyyjy xnannrarnnno nonom ]opmom, nnn
nax cama ra eneprercxa noa jacnnje nne n nsncrpeno npecranajy xao nojane. To
nornue o nenoxynnocrn name cnecrn xoja je nesa ca cnnm xnnyhnm n mro jecre y
ynnnepsymy, xaxo npaxrnuno raxo n reopnjcxn nnn jenonpemeno, ann na pasnnm
pannnma. C pyre crpane, nojmonna anaparypa axranne cncremarnsyjyhe nennne nnn
rexnnxe npnpoe, xoja ce nonena ca crnapn craryca ]enomena npnpoe, ymernocrn
n unrane c]epe uynnor casnana, nma xao naunn nponsnoeher pacxpnnana nexe nese
n ca rexnonomxnm onocom npema npnpon xojn je nororono y name npeme
pasopyuno cranape nonmana n noxasao ce xao nexa nemesa ncropnje ca cnojnm
pasopnnm ejcrnnma. Hayxa n rexnnxa nocrane cy rocnoapn xaxo namer xnnora n
namer npemena, raxo n namer naunna mnmena. To je onaj pauynajyhn n onnanajyhn
onnx uonexonor onoca npema npnpon, xojn rocnoapn y roj mepn a cmo my
nsnoxenn na mnnocr n nemnnocr ynpano najnnme xaa ra nocmarpamo xao nemro
neyrpanno. Houoneuene npnpoe snaunno je n sapoanane y onom nenom eny xojn
ce ornapao rpancnenenrannoj nepcnexrnnn, jep nnje namno cnojy npnmeny y uncrom
neponany y Fora, xaxo je ro Kanr npenopyuno cnojnm cncremarcxnm pasnohenem
nojma nennx reneonomxnx crpyxrypa, neh y reopnjcxom n npaxrnuxom enonany,
nponarannnm crparernjama sanohena, xao pay xojn je nononexonnn nojam raxo
ocnrypanane camonsnecnocrn anconyrne cnooe.
To je cnaxaxo ounro n y npenopynn camonomronana nnacrnre nnunocrn
oxperanem npema Fory orxpnnena n Beronom Cnny Hcycy Xpncry, xpos xojn
mera]nsnuxo onpeennane crnapn nacrana a xnnn npema npernocrannn, a
yxonnxo n ayronomnjy ycxe noe ycnonanano nemro pyro cem mopannnx
saxona, ona raa npaxrnuxn ne n nna cnoona. Fopy sa ocnoahane o raxne
necnooe noxper ncnxasma je raxopehn ncropnjcxn nnayrypncao, n orya nornue
neron nsyseran snauaj. Hs uernoponmensnonanne nepcnexrnne xojy je narnacno an.
Hanne, ca axnenryannjom ynne xao nesaonnasne, y cyxoy ca reonomxnm
arnocrnuapnma n pannonannnm narypanncrnma n cn. Ipnropnje Hanama namao je sa
norpeno a onryxn pannoymnocr nmnraropa nnarononcxnx ynna o npnpon
crnapn, re a ns cnoje xnne reonomxe pe]nexcnje nonyn nsnopnnje nnhene.
Meranoernuxa reopemarnxa xojy on sacryna c jene crpane nopasymena ynncxo
onaxane c osnpom na npnpoy, a ca pyre mncaony oaspnnocr c osnpom na yx,
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xojn ne ryn onoc npema renecnocrn xao xpamy Foxnjem n neronom cpenmry xoje
je reno rena, cpne. axne, ro mro na cpny nexn yjeno je npann nyroxas xperannma
yxa npema neronom ynyrpamnem pasnojy. To xperane y cen ne n cmeno a
nopasymena nnxaxna uynana yxa ns rena, nnn nax npesnp ncnxonomxnm
aoprnnnnm cpecrnnma nnacrnre n ryhe renecnocrn, neh npenasnnaxena n
meramop]ose n yxa n rena na nyry npema ncxoncxom openmry, sa mra je oxancxa
yan o xojoj xasyjy sanerne xnnre nsnop cnare n opnjenrnp. V rom norney
manoymnocr ne moxe ca cnnm cnojnm onpananannma n nsnnauennma a ye
npnxnahena xao nemro camo no cen pasymnno, yyhn a nocrojn nsnopnnjn
oronop, onaj xojn je nnxe ocrojancrny Taj mncaono nonecnn nouerax jenaxo je
reneanomxn xao n npnnnnnnjenan, jep oarne ana cnojcrneno cnerno yxasyjyhn na
remnopanny xoncrenannjy noronnx crpyja mnmena y nonecrn ]nnoco]nje.
Mnmene na raj naunn ne ocraje nsononano o onora mra ce mncnn, a ro a je
mnmeno am ono mra ce mncnn nnn ersncrennnja npemera mnmena, sanpano n
jecre nosnnnja cymrnna o xojnx ce onnpe. V rom cmo cmncny nocranenn npe
nsop nexpnrnuxor yranana y nyxo npnpono nocrynane n nenocpeny nesanocr sa
cner oxo nac, nnn opy sa cnooan ]nnoco]cxn norne xojn nopasymena
saysnmane jenncrnenor xanryannor crana. Tnme ce nnxaxo ne yxna npnponn
cner, neh ce ncxyuyjy naxena xoja onrepehyjy onaxane, xaa ce nanasnmo y nnacrn
onune cnecrn nnn anpnopnsma npnponor crana, xao npernocranxy nannaxena
npornnpeunocrn xoje oarne nsnjajy, ycranonananem noroconornxe aexnarne
jenncrny reopnjcxor cranonnmra y nonecnom xopnsonry carneananor jenncrna
crnapnocrn. Taj rpar je remxo cnenrn, ann axo ra je nnax onexne moryhe nparnrn,
on n nac oneo orne a ce ocrnmo xao neuenn na rnrany, a a je jenno pemene y
rome a cxounmo npexrno y narpy. Vcnjanocr xoja oarne nsnja nocrannna n npe
nac saarax, xojn ce ne n cacrojao camo y mxoncxom nocehany na xnnry Bumufa,
3,14, re na nnrane Hpopoxa Mojcnja Iocno oronapa JECAM KOJH JECAM, xaxo
je raj npnonrnn onronomxn ncxas cxpynynosno n axpnnuno npema ncropnjcxnm
nnrepnperarnnnnm nanennnjama nnao npahen cne o anac. Cranonnme Cn.
Ipnropnja Haname je nnax nsyserno npe cnera crora, jep ce naneo na camnm nojmom
cymrnna, a moxa n saponno y nera ye o nno xor nperxonnxa nnn noronnx
rymaua, ocmennnmn ce a cpuano xaxe: Mehy nnma camo nme cymrnna jecre
nasnauanane jene o nomenyrnx cnna y Fory. nonncnje ns Apeonara xaxe: Axo
nacymrnncxy cxpnnenocr nasonemo Forom, xnnorom, cymrnnom, cnernom, ra no
rnm nehemo nopasymenarn nemro pyro nero o ne npema nama ncxoehe cnne
ooxena nnn ocrnapena nnn xnnornopena nnn one xoje apyjy mypocr. Kaa ory
oxancxy cymrnny nasnnam jenncrneno esnauennom, raa nounnem a mncnnm
camo jeny Foxnjy cnny xao esnauenny, cymrnnornopny, a cne pyre npnnpemennm
/ynpemenennm/. 3amro je Foxnja cymrornopna cnna esnauenna, a xnnornopna naa
a nocn npemeno naueno, a raxohe nopaxanajyha n ymypyjyha? Hnn je cnaxa
oaancxa cnna esnauenna, nnn 1o nnje nnjena! Hasnnajyhn n nonnjajyhn
necrnopenocr camo no jeny o nnx, n pyre nsanyjem ns necrnopenocrn, a
ojanyjyhn cne crnopennm, nsanyjem ca cnnma n ry jeny, raxny a yncrnny camy
cee nornpe n nocena, n cnaa joj y eo ononpranane, xaxo je cama no cen ncrynnna
n cama ce no cen onpnnnena. He xaxe nn on, a je no cymrnnom ono ronopnrn,
xoje je camocranno n jenncrneno nma cne camo y cen n re cnne? Ann, npe cnera,
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Bera n cneonano a ce nasnna Forom, xaxo nam je ro nme npearo no Hpxnn. H
Mojcnjy, eceyjyheu c Borou, nnje pexao 1a cau cym1nna, neh 1a jecau
cym1ac1nyjyhn, na nnje o cym1nne, Kojn jec1e, neh je o jec1nyjyher cym1nna:
jep je Onaj Kojn jec1e y cen oxynno cne n1n (nnc1nonane). 3arnm, axo n ce
ymecro cymrnnom Fora on nocnyxno snyuno oronapajyhom no npnpon, n
yronnxo no naroarn n naroarnnm oronnma, sa xoje Cnern raxohe xaxy a cy no
naroarn esnauennn n necrnopenn, nna n ro cymrnncxa npernocranxa ronopa.
Bemy je axne cnenno a xaxe Jennn no npnpon ecnouernn For. A on,
samennnmn ro For n oannnmn no npnpon, nnje Onor nasnnao jenno
ecnouernnm, xojn cjennyje cnexonnxo mro nocn n saxnara. Jep nnje nn ro pexao, a
n oxasao xaxo n y Onome npnpone cnne omanyne crnopene? A a raj uonex
cmarpa Foxnje cnne crnopennm, uyj npexo neronnx nnacrnrnx jacnnx peun. Hanoehn
nennxor nonncnja, xojn nmenyje onycrnna npnonmrena /nsnacxe/ xa cen
camonrnocrn, camoxnnena n camooxancxor, xoje o Fora ncxoe necaonmrnnnm
cnnama npomncnn, a xa xome ce no cen npnonmrana cymro n ounryje ce n nmenyje
xao cymro, xnno n oxancxo, crora ce n ronopn a nm je npnosacnnnare oap, on
oarne cxaue na ymnn saxyuax: Cnen a napeueno camooxancrno n pyro, xo
nennxor orocnona jacno nmenonano cnnama, ne nocrojn neuno, neh a nmajy
Vremennaua, opor; n oner: Peueno je o nocrojany nexor oronauencrna n
oxancrna, na xojnm je naneceno naueno cnera, ann nn na xojn naunn nnje peueno o
nnxonoj neunocrn, xaxo onn nmajy yremeyjyhn yspox cnera; n jom: Hecaonmrnna
je cnana Foxnja neuna n nnje pyro o Berone cymrnne, npnonmrnna nax pyra
oxancxoj cymrnnn mro nnje neuna, npema nma nnocras cneonmrer yspoxa. a je
nerauno xaxo je neuna oxancxa cnana oxancxa necaonmrnna cymrnna, noxasao je
Cnern, nasnnajyhn anhene onnma xojn carneanajy neuny cnany, xaxo cam pannje
cnomnnao, a ncronpemeno cneoun n sa npnonmrnnocr neune oxancxe cnane; xaa
je ono y Fory carnenno onaxo nnn onaxo n npnonmrnno. H nennxn nonncnje xaxe
a ce: Foxancxn ymonn xpehy no xpyry, cjennanajyhn ce ca nesanounnyhnm n
ecxonaunnm oacjanannma Hpennnor n Fnaror. Kaxo a ra esnauenna n
ecxonauna oacjana ne yy sa pyre nenpnonmranajyha oxancxa cymrnna, xao
nemro pasnnunro, axo ne n onojeno o ne? Kao npno cym1nna je jena, a 1a
oacjanana unora, many ce caopasno cnojc1nnua onnx xojnua ce
npnonm1anajy n yspac1ajy y uepn nnxone npnuajyhe cnoconoc1n. O1y n
anana Cne1or yxa no Hanny (Jenp. 2, 4); a sa1nu, nnxo nehe a sanoune cnop,
a oacjanana 1e nacym1nncxe cym1nne jecy nene eneprnje nnn eneprnja, 1e a
cy one npnonm1nne, a ona nenpnonm1nna. /Cn. Ipnropnje Hanama, Pe:u v
saumumv ceeumeuo vmux.ux, III, 2, 11-31/ To ynosopanane na rpannne onacrn
cmncna ncxasa, re mra je ono mro ne ae o rora, anexo je cynncnnje ojamneno
o nno xaxnnx opnjenrannnx npecrana o necrajannma n npasnnnn, noeroynnoj
onymrenocrn nnn nax ouexnnany cnacena o Bennxor Fora, unjy cmo npncyrnocr
n ocyrnocr nperxono o re mepe penarnnnsonann, a nnme eneprnunocrn nma y
omepanany moryhnocrn para n mnpa cpasmepno yaenocrn o 3axcenxaysena, xao
cnmona jenor o noropa crpaanana o nanncra, o upanx]ypra, xojn cnmonnme
mnpan n ypehen rpahancxn xnnor /npema xnnsn Xajerep n nannsam Bnxropa
uapnjaca/, neronn nae y ror Bennxor Fora n nerony nomoh. Ko Cneror Haname sa
ro nocrojn raxohe aexnarno npomnmane: He, cama npnua ne ronopn o crany,
117
neh o ncrpajnocrn rpaxena, na n peun xoje ne naa osnonoanarn, rj. npema
manoymnocrn ocnannarn nacrojane; noxasyjy, a nam ne caneryjy npennane y
crany, a jom nnme ne y raxnom, o xome yun ]nnoco], ox je camo ejcrno monnrne,
rj. monene, n ro je jacno raxohe ns sanpmnnx peun Iocnoa y npnun: For aje yxa
Cneror onnma xojn Ia mone an n noh (Hx. 18, 7; 11, 13), rj. onnma xojn ce
nenpecrano mone. Mn ce y roj nenpecranoj monnrnn rpynmo ne a ncmo yennn
Fora, jep On aje yrexy no Cnojoj non, n ne pan rora a ncmo Ia npnnyxnn, jep je
On cnyre, neh pan rora a n cnojnm nosnanem camn cee nsnenn n oparnnn ce
Bemy y namepanany a ce oparnmo /npnenemo, npnonmrnmo/ Beronnm
naroarnnm aponnma. 3aro mro, no nennxom nonncnjy mn ca Forom jecmo ona
xaa ra npnsnnamo y uncrnm monnrnama n necyjernnm ymom. Mn ra nenpecrano
npnsnnamo a ncmo nenpecrano nnn c Bnme. A ry nenpexnny monnrny y nny
crana, xojy je caa ]nnoco] npnn nsmncnno, neponarno nnje ryh n hanon, npema ce
nnxaa ne monn, a y crnapn je n on raxohe snao, a axo Iocno ne onymra cne
nncrnyjyhe, n on je nemohan npornn cnnna (Hx. 8, 3233), a nn o Herpa nnje morao
a npncrynn (Hx. 22, 3132), xao nn jom npe nnx, mro nnxaxnnm samxama nnje morao
a onje nnmra npornn Jona (Jon 1, 12). Ero xonnxo je anexo o ynepenocrn a je
Iocno For cnera, ne camo o nenpecranne monnrne, neh n npemene! Cna ecrenecna
pasymna cymracrna nosnajy Iocnoa, npema my ce cna ne mone, saro mro je onaj xojn
je npornn Fora n npornnnnx monnrne, re xo exn o Berone nenore, exn n o
monnrne Fory. Cnporno rome, renecna cymracrna nacnone ne snajy cne, ann ce cna
mone carnacno cnojnm npecranama Fora. Ko onnx xoja snajy jennor n ncrnnnror
Fora ro npecranane yxyuyje n nemoryhnocr a n nno moryhe yunnnrn es
Bera, a one xoje je na raj naunn nepyjyha Foxnja yan npnnena crnapnom
cjennanany ca Iocnoom naceene, raxne xojn npennajy y monnrnn es xpane n
ncana, re no orauxom npeany, cnoe cnoj ym ynyrpa n xpos ry nacrpojenocr npema
oxancxom cjennanany yocrojanajy ce rajne, nencxasnnor yxonnor apa monnrne,
xojn c nnma npenna nenpecrano, na ym cam coom ynon cnor nsapannxa xa
najcxponnrnjem jenneny n ncraxany cnere paocrn. Taa ce rajno oasnnajy n
nonanajy monnrne yma ycmepene npema Fory, ocnonne mysnxy sa nenaua, xojn no
noj cnaxe cnoje nenane necama. Ko rnx, xojn cy ce na raj naunn yunnnnn
yuecnnnnma neunonoxperne n nencrounne naroarn, monnrna ce yxopenyje n
neocnaeno ejcrnyje y ymn no peun Hncma: Hpema cnanam, cpne je moje yno
(Hecm. 5, 2). Ko xohe a onje raj ap ncrnncxe n sancra nenpecrane monnrne o,
xaxemo sajeno c Hpopoxom, Onora xojn aje monnrny monehnma (1 Hap. 2, 9),
nparn oxancxor Hnna n Ipnropnja Forocnona, a n xnneo ne nesyjyhn ce nn ys
mra ycxo, cem cacnnm neonxonor, a ycne ycxnx neonxonocrn no mepn cnara
ne ocrynarn o cehana na Fora n pnnyrn ce, no Bacnnnjy Bennxom, a ce y ymn
nocn mncao o Fory xao nenonomnnn neuar. V cnoj mepn namnx cnara norpeno je
unnnrn nenpecrany monnrny n enom, n peujy, n nomncnnma, cne ox ne onjemo raj
ap, saro mro, xaxe orocnon, axo jom nncn ono narocnonenn monnrnenn ap,
yn ynopan n npnmnhem. Mn ce xnanamo n monnmo nocpecrnom yxa, a For
jecre yx, n onn xojn ce npnxnanajy Bemy yxnn cy a ce npnxnanajy y yxy n
ncrnnn. (Jn. 4, 24). /Tpufaoe, II, 1, 30-31/
118
Axo n caa cnenn crnap na ocnonne npre xoje nsncxyje pasmarpane reme
Foxnjer nocrojana, npnpoe n cnera, mopann ncmo a saxyunmo xaxo je ono
cnaconocno npe cnera ocrnsane yxonnocrn ca nacxpcnnm enemenrom xojn je
caunnana, a xojn je n jennn y crany a nsann o nenoa n onece ne camo xonauno
cnacene ycrny, neh n a ra opnjenrnme npema ecxonaunom mopy cnecrn nan
panxanncrnuxnx neja n nparehnx penarnnnsannja cnera n cnja, xao nep]opmaca
cnmynannja rparana sa ncrnnom n cnmynaxpyma nensexnnx sarnnnnana y
samenama resa, xoje nonaxo camo cnyxe sa nennuana ocpenocrn n xon]opmnsma o
xor ce nma xopncrn n enenryanno mane cnpomamno xnnn, nero mro n ro nnaue no
cnyuaj. Kao onroreonomxa nponemarnxa xoja na jenncrnen naunn cryna y
]nnoco]npane sacnnnanem nepcnexrnne, opnjenrannje n cmncnoannor ocnona
nocranana nojma xpajne cnpxe nnn ]nnannor yspoxa cnera mro jecre, ]nnoco]nja
ce ncronpemeno nyrem nonecne cenmenrannje nojmenor ynymra n y najya
reonomxa nnrana nopexna n cmncna cnera mro jecre n nna. Vxonnxo raj ycnon
sacnonanocrn xasnnana y sopy n rnopy ne n mornn a noxaxemo opxnnnm,
nonono ncmo mopann a ce cyounmo ca onnm annnm npocyhnnanem xoje cy mypn
npenn nrexaxo ymenann a npenosnajy xao sacrpannnane: Kao mro ce unnn, onn ne
snajy, a je jeno eno cymrocr yma, a pyro eneprnja, nnn, onycrn, snajy, ann
namepno crajy na crpany sanyennx, co]ncrnuxn npnxpnnajyhn cnnunonmenocr
/xomonornjy/ pasnnx nojmona: xaa xo ne npnma jenocrnanocr yxonnor yuena,
nsom1panajyhn ce na njanex1nuxnu cynpoc1annenoc1nua, raj no peun
Bacnnnja Bennxor onpanananem co]nsama npeoxpehe cnny ncrnne, xopncrehn ce
anrnresama naxnor snana. Hnaue n ne moxe onaj, xojn cam nnje yxonan, rex raxo
a cmarpa cee ocrojnnm a cyn n yun o yxonnom. He mory onn a ne pasymejy, a
ym nnje nonyr nnhena, xoje nnn cne pannje nnhene crnapn, a cee ne nnn. On enyje
n y cnemy pannjem, pasmarpajyhn, mra my je neonxono; nonncnje Apeonarnr nasnna
ro npannm xperanem yma, n npaha ra cen camom a enyje na cee camor, camor cee
a carneana, mro nonncnje nasnna ymnnm xpyxnnm xpernem. pyro n jecre oe n
najoe enonane /eneprnja/ cnojcrneno ymy, xpos xoje on nexaa npenasnnasn cam
cee, cjennyjyhn ce c Forom. Bacnnnje Bennxn xaxe, a ym xojn ce ne pacejana no
cnoamnem..., moxe a ye, a onasn nsnana, a ynasehn, nyxno my je n
ysnpahane, pan uera Bacnnnje n npoyxana: ...npaha ce camom cen, a xpos camor
cee ycxon Fory, xao nexnm nyrem c naom. Ann y xpyxnom xperany yma,
ecnpexopnn nocmarpau ymnor nea nonncnje, xaxe a my je nemoryhe a sanane y
nno xaxny nyny. /Cn. Ip. Hanama, Tpnjae, I, 2, 5/ Taj nesacrpanyjyhn xapaxrep
ymor pacyhnnana n ornapana npema ncrnnn nsnyrpa je eneprercxn nonesan a
xpajnnm yspoxom ns xojer nornue npenasnnasehn momenar sannauena y anrnrese
npnnnnnx snana, onymrajyhn a ce nynonpanno nsnnaun pe]nexcnnno cranonnmre
cnnx samncnnnnx cnpxa, xoje anajy nsnecno cnerno na crnapnocr crnapn npe
ncrpnny carneanajyher oxa, n onymrajy my a nsnaxenem na uncrnny nnn
nenomyheno nneno crane y cnerno nncrnonana, a npema nonosanernoj
npenopynn An. Mareja onycrn, a my ra ncxoncxa cnpxa n ncxonmre cnera mro
jecre n nna, ocnernn oun xojnma n unrano reno n cna renecnocr nocraje cnerna n
cnernocna. Oran, xojn ns mpaxa nosnna y cnojy npennny cnernocr npema nncany An.
Herpa, jecre onaj sa xora n An. Jaxon xaxe: Cne mro je najoe ano n cnaxn
canpmen ap je oosro, onasn o Ona cnernocrn.
119
Axrnnna, npaxrnuxa nepa je ona xoja je enornopna, jep ynpano ona oxpehe
npeme npema nama n omoryhana rsn. nonanane nenononnnor xao yrnpane nyra
xa npncycrnonany Onor xojn jecre, omoryhanajyhn nam cycper ca Cymrnm n
Henpncrynaunnm, ann raxohe ocranajyhn npocrop sa najnehy n najnnrnmnnjy nay
cnaxor ycxor crnopa, a ro je Haa y Bacxpcene. Jenonpemeno je ro n nacymno
norpena nooxnocr xoja npnnaa nsnopnom ycxom ocrojancrny, a ono ae
nopasymena nesasopnocr xoja xpenn cpne n unnn uonexa nennm. ynncxe nmensnje
raxne ecrernxe, nenora Hae y nacxpcnnm cnernom oacjane renecnocrn, xojoj cy n
Mnnopaona nncmepna n xasnnana nna nenocycrajyhn nocnehnnana, moxa je jom
ynex nonajoe npnxasao pennn ncanmonenan ann, nnehn npeopaxennm ounma
yxa: Onann n npnmpax cy oxo Bera / npana n cy cy yrnphene npecrona
Beronor...Ojannme neeca npany Berony, / n nneme cnn napon cnany
Berony...Cnernocr sacja npanennxy, / n npannma cpnem necee. / Becennre ce
npanenn y Iocnoy / n ncnoneajre ce cnomeny cnernne Berone. (Hc. 96, npen.
Bnanxa Aranacnje/Jenrnh/).
Knonynocr yxa xoja je cnyre nnnna nma y nrn cnercxor uonexa
nponem ca npnananem eneprnje sa yxonny enarnocr, xao n nponem ca
moryhnocrnma nsanana o yxonnor ospannnana nnn sanenena. Hamepa xoja
nac nocn xpos cynpocranene crpane moryhnocrn naana y nono napnapcrno n
]opmannje none ncropnjcxe ennre nayn(nonnrnuapa-rexnoxpara) o mepe pacra
n cracanana xoja xao onaroahena ersncrennnja npnnaa y ocrojancrno
ouoneunnana, n jecre nepa xoja pa nomepa. Kaxo ce cxnonocrn, nopnnn n crpacrn
naromnnanajy y reper xojn ce remxo aje cxnnyrn, oronop sa nnrane yxonnor
nsanena ocraje npe cnera xaxo nenpnxnarnn sa cne, raxo n ]enomenonomxn
cnnrynapan. Hooxnocr ne moxe a ce ycnocrana ]nxrnnno, a ye ]nnrnpajyhn
ocnon sa nexe pyre, noj camoj nenenncxone namene, cem y cnmynannjama xoje neh
npernocranajy cner nsryenocrn y eronenrpnuxnm samenama, xoje ce
ycnocranajy y ryxnoj cnecrn xao yrnphenn n camonornphyjyhn nopmarnnn. H ca
ynnnepsanne npepn]epnje sacrpanyjyher eronenrpnsma am opahane cpenmry
npaha nac y nenrap ns xora ce nsnnna naroar, mro nonesyje ycxa nha o
ynyrpamner nonepena, a sor uera je Cnern Ipnropnje Hanama n nanncao ony xnnry,
cacnnm jenocrannm peunma jacno cneouehn: 3aro cmo n npeocrpoxnn y namnm
cnncnma, jep o norpemne n sne npnmene nayxe n o nenor neymepenor nomronana,
n axo xohem pasymno a uyjem, pasymehem n cnoxnhem ce, re noneponanmn nama n
Bacnnnjy Bennxom, npomncnnhem o nponoheny xnnora y aneny cnoamnnm
nayxama, ne nasnnajyhn nx cnaconocnnm, nocnehyjyhnm, npounmhyjyhnm n ynny
yme npocnehyjyhnm...Mn, xaxe nsapana nocya yxonnnx apona Anocron
Hanne, nncmo npnmnnn yx cnera, neh yx o Fora, a ncmo ynnenn ono o Fora
nam aponano, o uemy n nsnemranamo ne peunma npenomennm ycxom mypomhy,
neh peunma, npenomennm Cnernm yxom, caycnocranajyhn yxonno ca yxonnnm;
ymennn nax uonex ro ne npnma mro je o yxa: sa nera je ro esyme, n on ne moxe
a cxnarn (1 Kop. 2, 1214), cne ox ce pasnpe na neocrnxnnm nyrennma cnor
pacyhnnana n naa ce a he nahn n nsyunrn cny ncrnny nomohy pasnnxonana,
saxyuaxa yma n pamunannnana. He pasmnmannma, neh npncycrnom Beronor yxa
y nama mn hemo nosnarn ono o Fora aponano, mro nnje nneno oxo, nn cnymano
yxo n mro nnje onasnno na cpne uonexy, a For nam je ro orxpno nyrem Cnor yxa,
120
saro mro yx nponnue n ynne Foxnje (1 Kop. 2, 910)....Cna ecrenecna pasymna
cymracrna nosnajy Iocnoa, npema my ce cna ne mone, saro mro je onaj xojn je
npornn Fora n npornnnnx monnrne, re xo exn o Berone nenore, exn n o monnrne
Fory. Cynporno rome, renecna cymracrna nacnone ne snajy cne, ann ce cna mone
carnacno cnojnm npecranama Fora. Ko onnx xoja snajy jennor n ncrnnnror Fora ro
npecranane yxyuyje n nemoryhnocr a ro ne n nno moryhe yunnnrn es Bera,
a one xoje je na raj naunn nepyjyha Foxnja yan npnnena crnapnom cjennanany ca
Iocnoom naceene, raxne xojn npennajy y monnrnn es xpane n ncana, no
orauxom npeany, cnoe cnoj ym ynyrpa n xpos ry nacrpojenocr npema oxancxom
cjennanany yocrojanajy ce rajne, nencxasnnor yxonnor apa monnrne, xojn c nnma
npenna nenpecrano, na ym cam coom ynon cnor nsapannxa xa najcxponnrnjem
jenneny n ncraxany cnere paocrn. Taa ce rajno oasnnajy n nonanajy monnrne
yma ycmepene npema Fory, ocnonne mysnxa sa nenaua, xojn no noj cnaxe cnoje
nenane necama. Ko rnx, xojn cy ce na raj naunn yunnnnn yuecnnnnma
neunonoxperne n nencrounne naroarn, monnrna ce yxopenyje n neocnaeno
ejcrnyje y ymn no peun Hncma: Hpeua cnanau, cpne je uoje yno (Hecm. 5,
2). /Tpufaoe, II, 1, 27-29/
Axo je onaxan yrao rneana na crnapn onycrnn n onymren, mopano n ce
npnsnarn a ornapa xpyr nnrana xojn je o caa no nexaxo npexpnnen
nparmarncrnuxnm nnrepecnma n emaromxnm neonomxnm noxpnnaunma, xojn nncy
onymrann moryhnocr a ce npeajy npe xeom a yy cxnnyrn, a camnm rnm a
ye pasonnuen n pasnor raxne nrpe cxpnnaua. Hnrepec y aneny npancropnjcxnm
apre]axrnma nesannm sa cpncxn napo, xojn n apxeorpa]cxy cnryannjy onnca
crapnna unnno nepoocrojnnjom, cnrypno n no ysnnmennjn, axo n ycneo a
npenasnhe oxnnpe nonyhennx nayunnx meroonornja xoje nounnajy na
rponmensnonannoj cnnnn cnera, npesnpyhn samncnn n pexoncrpyxnnje, a raxohe n
cne ono mro n caunnanano nanpannonanne nnn pannonanno neoxasnne enemenre
anena. V rom cmncny je caner Cn. Ipnropnja Haname nnme nero opoomao.
3mnjn rpea nsnanrn orponne sye ocenanem rnane, xao n ncxyunnn mero
opnjenrannje ocenanem pena. Cpenna je ono mro ys nemrnny xynnnapcrna moxe a
ce npnnpemn xao yxycno n xpannno jeno, a ono cnaxaxo moxe a nac ojaua n oxpenn
sa ncrpaxnnana ynna sa xoja ne mopa nnme a naxn ycnon meroonornje nsnohena
oxasa na ocnony acperopnxe n cnnorncrnxe ]opmanno nornuxnx nocrynara, neh npe
ycnon npanor nanopa a ce nnrepnperannje ne nsrye y nnnhaxy cnecrn
cnaxnamnnne, nennononnrnuxnx rpsannna n neomepennx saxrena.
*
* *

Vs nnrane xpncrnjannsannje cnonencxor xnna, naa nope anocroncxor
npejemcrna xoje je nporonopnno y eny Koncranrnna unnoco]a nnn Cn. Tnpnna n
para my Meronja ca necamepnnnm sacnyrama sa npnxyunnane ror cnera
enponcxoj yxonnoj nmensnjn xomynnxarnnnocrn n pannn nsrpane nnnnnnsannje,
raxohe cnomenyrn n snauajna ena xoja pexoncrpynmy cnonencxy npomnocr y
e]parmenronannm penarnnnsannjama ncxonmra n nasnauena Cnonena. Enoxanny
sacnyry sa ro noce paonn Hanena Jose]a Ba]apnxa sa ocnonne n yrnannom n
neoopnne unnennne xoje je on nasnauno o pennoj cpncxoj n cnonencxoj
121
nonecnnnn, ]opmnpajyhn cnojenpcny xpnmhancxy xynrypny ncropnjy xoja nehe
nsocrannrn ncrounoenponcxn n jyxnocnonencxn apean. Beron ayroxronnsam nnje
pomanrnuapcxn sanecen, nero enrysnacrnuxn npocejan xpos pemero meroonomxnx
npernocranxn nayunor npncryna anannsn ]axrorpa]cxe rpahe, ca jennm
npoyhennm xpnrnuxnm nepnom xojn je napanrmarnuno oorarno nam naunn
pasmnmana. Ba]apnxono nocnonnuno xpnrnuxo ymno oxo je maxcnmanno
npncyrno: "Vocranom, anexo cam o rora a ce sanocnm opoynomhy n
naromhy cnnx Capmara n Cnonena. Cnnxa xojy nam npnxasyjy Ipnn n Hemnn o
nnxonoj cyponocrn y VI-X nexy (na np. Hpoxonnje B.H. III. 38, nrmap n p.),
moryhe je a je neoma nperepana, ncxpnnena; ann nnxonn noxon nncy
nsmnmenn. uecro jom anamnnx ana rneamo ]ypnje para xo xpnmhancxnx
nnnnnnsonannx napoa pasyxrannx cnnm xnnornncxnm crpacrnma yn; a xaxo
n ro morno a ye pyraunje xo xepoja, xo xojnx je cyponocr npema
nenpnjarey naxnna sa xpapocr? a nn cy y rom norney Iorn n Iepmann nemro
on nero Cnonenn? ox cy ronne 360. y npxnn cneror Hanna y
Koncranrnnonoy rorcxn cnemrennnn unrann jenanhee na rorcxom jesnxy n o
rome npononeann; xo nnxonnx cponnxa na pyrnm xpajennma jom nanasnmo
onuaje npeysere o Cxnra: nnjene ns jesnne harnis-scala (noane), nponnnane
xpnn no romnnn saoennx can n nanjane na xonan yn n xnnornna.
Xprnonane yn n mnpnc xoncxor meca, apona, ranpanona, npana, poa,
rpronane poonnma - nncy y crapom oy nnn oomahenn camo xo Capmara, neh n
xo Iepmana n cnnx narancxnx napoa."
45

Enemenrapna xapaxrepncrnxa nnonor Ba]apnxonor yrnnaja je cnaxno
nornpranane ]axropa mornnannonnx crpyxrypa enyjyhe cnecrn npnnnxom
cacranana nonecnnne, npenocehn rorono axcnomarcxo ynepene xao ynyrcrno
nonnm ncrpaxnnaunma: "Camo je norpeno a ce uynamo rora a ce xao ncrnnnrn
cmarpajy noann crapnx nncana o xnnornncxoj cyponocrn cenepnnx Enponana, no
nmeny Iepmana n Capmara. Hnmra na onom cnery nnje raxno sno xao npecrana xojy
onuno nmamo o nemauxoj n cnonencxoj npomnocrn, a xojy nam ynex nonanajy
name ncropnjcxe xnnre. Tamrnna xojom Ipnn, oxonocr n nonoc xojom Pnmann,
nnaajyhn cnerom, rneajy na ocrane nannje semnne xyrne xao na napnape, jom
ynex enyje na nac, raxo a nonanamo no Ipnnma n Pnmannma, a cy y jeno
ncro npeme, xaa cy onn nocrnrnn najnnmn crenen yxonne xynrype, ocrane
nannje nne yronyne y najyy cyponocr, a cy rex sanouene a ce ysnxy ns
cnpomamrna cxopo xnnornncxor oncranxa, es osnpa mro cy ce ca onnma
rpannunnn, ca nnma cranno xonraxrnpann, mehycono pasmennnann poe,
nocehnnann ce npexo nsacnannxa, cnyxnnn nm ronnama xao nojnnnn nr. Hmajyhn
y nny one onoce ne moxe ce pyraunje neponarn, nero a Maxeonnn n Tpauann,
Iann n Iepmann n Capmarn nnax nncy nnn cyponn napnapn, npema ce nncy
nanasnnn na nnnoy rpuxe n pnmcxe npocnehenocrn, neh a cy nmann pxany,
saxone, a cy nonsann rpaone, pxanne nncrnrynnje, a cy mrnrnnn nnacnnmrno
nr."
46
Vnpano npnmena onaxnor cranonnmra na cnryannjy yoxe npomnocrn
nonna je xa ncrpaxnnany pyraunjer rnna mnronomxe crpyxrypannje ocnonnnx
npannna xnnora, rnnonornjn xynrnnx onoca npema oxancxom n orxpnhy

45
Schaffarick, P. J. - ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828., str. 86
46
Schaffarick, P. J. - ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828., str. 87
122
nnneapnor nncma xao xpyne n npxynna re penne nnnnnnsannje ayroxronnx napoa,
nororony na apeany oner Hoynana nnn rsn. "napnapa", xoje je ano cacnnm
npomnmene n npene pesynrare. Ty nema ronopa o pnnancrny ca xpnmhancrnom,
npema cy cnnunocrn younne jenoomrno y mnornm oxancxnm
mann]ecrannjama n nepconn]nxannjama, nepa y rpnrnana /rpornano oxancrno
Cnapora, aora n Cneronna/, ecmprnocr yme n nocrojane sarponor xnnora
/cner cenn/. Hcro raxo, Cnonenn cee nncy cmarpann oxnjom rnopennnom n enom,
nero oxjnm noromnnma, ajoronnm ynynnma. Taxo cy orxnanann ycy
camonnnoamranana npe npxonnnm nhem n cponnuxnm npaponreem, ys cno
ynaxanane nerone namohn. Konnxo o ror crapor ncranuanor cnyxa moxe a ce
nayun y norney npaxrnunor crnna enerannnje n ncnpannocrn npncryna, ro
neponarno ocehajy najnnme onn xojn cy xpos camopasymenajyhn saxnar y concrnene
ynne ersncrennnje onpnn o nnpannja cnonecne npnonrnocrn /ramnor mopa
cnecrn, yxonne npnpoe ynnnepsyma/, re ycnenn a nnacrnroj erepnunocrn
renecnor nha onycre a ohe o nspaxaja. 3a Cnonene je am saro
xapaxrepncrnxno ocycrno mnornx nncrnrynnonannsonannx xpamona sa monnrny n
ymnnocrnnanane orona, jep ce nsrnea ca oronnma onmrnno nnunom cnarom,
eneprercxnm noxpernma, npnsnnannma n npenasnma xpos rpn ocnonne cpyxrype
nncrnonana - Jan, Hpan n Han. Jan je cner ar y onaxany onunom uynnomhy nnn
peannn cner, Han je cner onocrpannx cenn n npemnnynnx y xome ce npenna
carnacno ennma xoja cmo nounnnnn y semacxom cnery (carnacno mnpnnama
yxonnnx nepnennnja n ynnn ocnemrenor pasymenana xoje nx je nparnno), a
Hpan je ncrnna nnn saxon Cnapora xojn ynpana unrannm cnerom /o cxp. Svargah -
neo n neecnocrn xao oxancxa cnana, nouecro npecranan cnmonymenom
nornanor opna, xao n Marep Cnana/, re ce opehyje cynna yn xpos
npeopehnnana moryhnocrn sa pasnoj yyhnx orahaja. Knnnane orona n
nnxono, xaxo Byx n Berom jom ncrnuy `cnojaxane`, onnjano ce n y
xcnnorexroncxnm npxnama n nan nnx /pennmo npe cnernm pnehem xao mro je
necxa/. Cner je npe cnera neoma rajnonnr n mann]ecrannja oxancxor moryha je
npaxrnuno cnyre, raxo a ona apxajcxa pennrnja moxe a ce nmenyje n mamancxom.
O C.oea o no.rv Heopoee o namnx encxnx naponnx necama, `oronn` (anac n
pexnn `anhenn`) merajy no semn, onncyjy ce ca cmprnnnnma no pesonoj xopn,
anajy cnrne xnnre ns neeca n onase a npncycrnyjy npepymeno nnn ornopeno na
(caa xpcnnm) cnanama, nasa oanesyjyhn na nemro, rpaxehn ncnynena casnajnnx
saxrena n ycanpmanane cnecrn yn, na uncro noercxn, nenononnn naunn
ocehana cnera. Ono napanno nnje nno cxnaheno o npecrannnxa "mnronomxe
mxone" xojn cy nojany n ynory ora cnonnn rorono na nnno mereponomxnx nojana.
Taxna nynrapnsannja rnannnx oconna ycxor snana npecrana jeny o
rparnunnx npra nonor npemena.
Haoxnaom onaxnnx ncnycra y npasnnne, yxasnnanem na moryhnocr
npenasnnaxena samxn oroennx nosnrnnncrnuxnx npncryna nayunnm
unnennnama, noxpenyre cy onnm Ba]apnxonnm nmnyncnma one narenrne crpyje
ocmnmanana nonecne crnapnocrn, xoje cy y reopnjcxom norney nne
nonpnnnuno sanperane cnaxonpcnnm cnyranannma, y jany n nany, y nenoj yxonnoj
opnoncxoj cnann namhena ecxpaja.

123
Excxypc I:
O AABAHHHMA H HHTAHY HHXOBE
AYTOXTOHOCTH Y CTAPOBAAKAHCKOM APEAAY

Hpoyuanane ernnuxor nopexna Ananana anac je neoma nsxomnnnxonano,
raxo a je n cama remarnxa y mnorouemy nocrana xonrponepsna. Xnnehn xao rpahann
y pxann xoja je ocnena o nesannnnx nmensnja xpnse ca cnojnm nonnrnuxnm
npojexrnma, xrenn ne xrenn nanasnmo ce y rom oxpyxeny n opehenn cmo nnxonnm
npernocranxama. Cnaxaxo a nac npncrpacnocrn xoje oarne cexy ncronpemeno n
orpannuanajy, ann n reopnjcxo ysnsane o cxperana naxne na nexa nnrana penne
ncropnje mory a yy penenanrna es osnpa na re nponeme. Hocrynax moxe nrn
cnopan, jep on nonasn o yrnea xojn ncropnuapn nmajy y axaemcxom cnery cnpam
remarnsannje nponema, maa je npana mncao o npemery onaj xoncryrnrnnnn n
rernuxn nsrpahen npncryn y crannnsonannm apxnrexroncxn npnpehennm
xepmeneyrnuxnm ]opmama nnhena arocrn crnapn. Mehyrnm, ono mro ce
npenacxono saxrena o onor xojn nocrana xnnoresy, ro je aprymenrannja xojom ce
ona sacnnna n opasnoxena xoja je unne opxnnom.
Hnnrnncrnuxa mnxporpa]nja ca nornpama xoje nponanasn y oxymenrnma
crapnnapnnna moxe a saxyun xaxo je jean eo Tpaxnjcxo-nnnpcxnx napoa,
sanpano cpncxn, xojn ce nanasn y annnnn y xopnycy nenamxnx napoa, ann naa
nmarn y nny a cy ry n Anannn xojn ne mory mnpne canecrn nemrauxn a ce pnmy
sor nesronnx neyxnonnnocrn y moepnnm nonnrnuxnm cnryannjama. Hnnpcxn
Cpn, rj. noynancxn n anxancxn Cpn nporexy ce o Hcrepa o Hpononrna y raxo
yoxy npomnocr, a ona nocraje nenposnpna n y ernmonomxnm ncrpaxnnannma, a
cxannnancxnm, aycrpnjcxnm n nopnemxnm nayunnnnma je rpeano yro npemena a
nahy pasymne norne n sa penno npncycrno Ananana, xoje cy nexn o canpemennx
anancxnx nayunnxa /cnomennmo 3e]a Mnpnry nnn Cxenepa Iamnja/, cacnnm
opo pasymenn n ycnojnnn. Oannnane raxne nayune aprymenrannje nnn neno
nornyno nrnopncane, ne camo a snaun a]exrnnan npncryn crnapnma, neh
npernocrana raxan penarnnnsam nnrepnperannja mro onoe n o necynncnor
nanymrane pasyma n camnm rnm n o yxnana njanora, xpos nponncnnana mra nma
a ce ncrpaxyje n mncnn xao nepnxran ycnon xasnnana, noehn xa ornapany xpnsa y
nporonapany craryca cnne. Hama xao npanocnannom, xpnmhancxom napoy, xojn
nomryje Foxnje sanonecrn, ro ne moxe a ye nn oronapajyhe nn nncxo.
Her nexona npe pohena Xpncronor, Xexarej ns Mnnera saenexno je Apoe /
1a,1,F.101-s. AppoI (SUID. s. Appo): t0Vo Epo 1mI ApIoI
JouIoV1ImV, Epoott 1oI XtIIoVIoI, m Ixo1oIo Apon: uapoo
npe+a Tav.aumufu+a ua Aopufu /Jaopauv/, npunaoafv Xe.uoouuofu+a
/Hacmaeu:apu+a/, raro fe no Xeramefv Hronomejenn Ananoje AppIoI /
AIpoVmV/ AIpoVoEoII _ o Ip/Ptol., Geographia, 3.12.20: Apenoje ;
Ananana ; Ananononnc/ - y cnom nyronncy ncroune oane Japana (on xaxe
Apnarnuxor mopa), ys nocrojane nnemena Hnypna, Menropa, Xncrpa n Xnrmnra, a
Hceyo-Cxnnac nex naxon nera rnpn a ce Hnnpn na cenepy rpannue ca Hnypnnma,
a na jyry ca Xaonnnma y anamnoj jyxnoj Anannjn. Tonorpa]nja Hronomejene
xaprorpa]nje noxasyje a ce ry nanase n nenamxa nnemena Anannn o Jyxne
124
Anannje o Hopnna, na noresy o Fenor pnma o cpene anmannje o 1200-800
r. npe pohena Xpncronor; mro nepn]nxyjy n narnncn ns pnmcxor oa ca nasnnnma
onoannuxn Ayrapnjarn, apancxn acapern oxo Oxpncxor jesepa n Hnpycrn
/sananomaxeoncxn Henecrn, xacnnje Tocxe n Mnpnre/.
Haneoanxancxn cyncrpar Ananana y memannnn Henacra na jyxnnm
repnropnjama nnnpcxnx nnemena, o ananojcxnx, ecapercxnx, nenecrnuxnx,
nnpycrnuxnx, apancxnx n rpauxnx enemenara ]nnorenese nnje neopxnn, jep cy
nenamxn cyncrparn crapnjn, a npema napon xojn cy ce ry nanasnnn neh nnme nncy
nocrojann y panom cpenonexony, nperanana cnaxao nncy nemoryha, axo ce
pennxrn ne npeynennuanajy o nojeocranyjyher nenocpenor nacranana. Hma
osnnnx anannsa mecra xo Hnnnnja Crapnjer (Hist. Nat., III, 14) n Homnonnja Mene
(De chorographia, II, 55-56), re ce cnomnny Illyri proprie dicti, a mro yxasyjy na
nneme na jyry anamne Anannje, oaxne ce ro nme npomnpnno na ocrane raxo mro
cy ce nnxonnm nmenom nouena nasnnarn n cna cpona nnemena ys oany n y
ynyrpamnocrn. Ho saxonnrocr ]onernxe ror napoa unjn je jesnx pennxrno
sapxan, ncrymaunno je onomacnnomxo naneornncxo nacnehe: koder-Cxaap, Lee-
em, Dures-pau, Drivastum/pnnacr/-Drit, Aulon-Banona, Skardus-Bap, Drinus-
pnm, Barbanua-Fojana nr.
Pnmcxn npe]exr sa Hnnpnx, non Kacnje, cnomnne Ananne xao napo,
parnnxe n repnropnjy re onranajy: 001 36.54.5.2 0. xoI txtIVoV tV ou
xo1tIoptV oEmo0tI 1t op uEo 1ou tItpo xoI o0mV xoI 1o
1mV oIImV E1oIoo1o tut), 1mV tV1oI AIpoVmV ouVou EtpI
1V 1ou upVou IopooIV ouIIopmV t0tIpt.
/n onn ce nncy cnymrann oarne jep cy no Kenepom n nayuenn n o pyrnx
cxnonocrn noernn), a o raxnnx Anancxnx nesa sa Knponnx noxoa pacxnnynn cy
nonesanocrn. /002 157.25 uEo AVVmVo. 1ou1o tV 1q t1tI 1ou1q
ttVt1o. xoI ouVtm II0oI t oupoVou t 1 V mV oo EoIIoI,
m xoI oIo, toIxtVoI, t EtooV: xoI t 1o AIpoVoV xoI o IIo0I
II0ou o oIm ouVtp xo1tVt0VoI. I uEo1oI tEI 2IxtIIoV
tI0oV1t tEI ^IEo poV to1po1tuooV. /no Anonom. V ro nero je ro nacrano.
H y ncrn max je /naano/ xamene c nea na mnore Pnmane yjeno nnuehn na
crpamno cnenme: na xo Ananana n pyrnx cnnuno ce xamene nahe noryno. Bnmn
oome o Cnnnnnje a ca Hnnapejnma paryjy/1[Zonaras 8, 12, 7. 8 2, 145, 19 sqq. B.
2, 207, 26 sqq. D.]}1 Dio Cassius, 010 S217.20 oIm tmp1o,t, xoI tV ou1oI
omVo xoI EoI1mV xoI IoopomV oVoomV 1t xo1 t1o m
tIEtIV tV 1q AIpoVq tEoI tI: 1ou1o op 1o mpIoV u Eo 1o opo 1o
AIpoVoV, o ouEtp ou1m mVooo0, oV moEtp 1IVo oxpoEoIIV
ttIIt1o: oV0pmEoV t tI Iot tV oI0m outVo EIV uVoIxmV
1IVmV, tEIo11t1o t ooEoV oItI o V oItI... /mnexo npoame, n y ncrnm
namerannma n necnnuxn ce n pyxonncno nojennauno cyxoanaxy na cy n nero,
xaxo ce xaxe, xo Ananana nenajyhn npononnn; jep ra sema je o Ananana
opehena, xaxo je ynpano no nnma ro nasnano, ysnrnyra xao na nexy nncnny: a yn
cy ce neoma nonenn, yncrnny es njene o xena, nyrajyhn y pyxeyy nasa xao
nasa.../
125
Hpema Oxpncxom jesepy xnneno je nneme ecapera, oxo Hpnor pnma cy ce
nanasnnn Heuecmu, a oxo Cxaapcxor jesepa y nnxonoj nnsnnn nocrojann cy
Hupvcmu, sa xoje je Mnnan Fynmnp cmarpao a cy n onomacnonomxn ocrann
pennnx Henasra xao npacranonnnxa Fanxana, jep cy anancxn npenn: crapnjn n o
xomepcxor peunnxa n o axajcxnx, onocno nporoaxajcxnx nnemena.
47
Bro ce rnue
rese (xoja je osnornamena), a cy y cypnnnancxom cyncrpary Henasra nnn Henacra
nope ecapera, Henecra n Hnpycra, yxancxnx oxneara, y crapnnn Hnnpnjy
nacrannnann n Cnonenn; o rome uynenn naneorpa] Hanne Ba]apnx, xaxe cneehe:
"Jep a cy crapn Hnnpn nnn crnapno ncrpeenn, re a Cnonenn nemajy nnmra
pyro o "pasponane rpaone no nenoj Hnnpnjn", nnn a cy namnn nycrnny es yn,
xaxo n ona omno o rora, a jom n anac nocroje cna nmena, xoja cy cnomenynn
crapn reorpa]n n ncropnuapn y Hnnpnjn n Tpaxnjn, ys nesnarne nsmene? Fes
nenocpenor jesnuxor nacneha mehy ynma, ro n ce morno ojacnnrn jom jenno
oxancxnm orxpnhem."
48
Hcro raxo, y cnojnm C.aefaucru+ cmaporumuocmu+a (I,
98), naxon nsnohena cneouancrana o pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor nmena n neronnx
nsneennna, on xaxe: "Ein so uralter, in der Heimat tief eingewurzetel, bei den Fremden
ungewhnlicher Name kann seinen Ursprung und seine Bedeutung am natrlichsten nur
in seiner Heimat gefunden haben." (Jeno raxo npacrapo n y sannuajy yoxo
yxopeneno nme, a sa crpanne neonuno, morno je a non cnoje nopexno n a nma
najnpnponnje snauene camo na cnom sannuajnom rny).
49
Ty cnryannjy moryhe je
nnycrponarn, xao mro je Ba]apnx n yunnno, nmenom anamner napoa Cpa,
pxehn a cy ce npnpone nese napoa n repnropnja yrnannom opxane nexonnma cne
o anamnnne.
Hme Cp nanasnmo neh xo Hnnnnja (npe 79. r.n.e.) n Hronomeja (161. ro.
r.n.e.) xao nme jenor cpncxo-capmarcxor napoa nsmehy 3axanxasja n oner
Hoynana. Hano je moryhe nornpnrn npema nsany: Claudii Ptolemaei
Cosmographia..., Ulmae, 1486, V, c. 9. uncrn onnx Cepn, Cnpn, npener je npexo
nexor rpuxor reorpa]a n ocrao je a o caa rorono crepeornnno crojn nope crapnjer
cxnrcxo-rpuxor Capmar, nnn Ben, Tpnan, Cnop, Cnrnn, unja je nosnarocr ocxyna y
crapnnn. V norney cnryannje ocnopanana, Ba]apnx je anno nanncao: "Onnm
ncropnjcxn nornphennm npnopnrerom nmena Cepo nornyno ce ojamnana nojana xoja
nnaue naa y oun, a ce no onnm nmenom noe Cpn y Hnnpnxymy n y Hyxnnn y na
jesnxa neoma yaena na nsnecran naunn na cynpornnm xpajennma nnemena na
cnonencxa njanexra..." Significatum radicis cpss (cpant, cpsnn, cpsnns,

47
Mnnan Fynmnp, Mecmo apoaucroe v rpvev uuooeeponcrux fesura, Gjumime albanologike 2, 1965., c.
5-13
48
ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828., c. 151., 001 54.29.7.5 Dio
Cassius: 1mV tIo1mV ouopmV oupoI VtIV oIoIV tIm0t, xoI 1o 1t ouVtVt0VoI.
pu oI 1t op 1 Eo ItI ItoI 1ooV, xoI xtpouVo t 1 V tV 1q AIpoVq oIxI oV,
t V oI uEo1oI tV 1oI ItpoupI oI xo1oIuouoIV, tVt oxyt. 1o 1t oo1poV o
xo 1 mVooot Vo tEI EoIIo t po uEt p ou1ou 1ou oo1tm oImp0tI t
IoEo o... a o najnehnx noxoa a ce sajeno ne nnma npnnnun, n rn cy xnnenn sajeno. Jep no
cnnn cy n rpaone ocneranann, na cy ynpanajyhn ce npema xyhama Ananana, xo xojnx ce
crapemnne y cnemrenoejcrna ynymrajy, ynnenn. 3nese cy nax n xomere (naannne) nasnnann ys
mnore name o nponahennx rpaona xao ocnerene...

49
P. J. Schaffarik, Slawische Alterthmer, Band I, Leipzig, 1843, c. 98.
126
cpsnnns, cpsxa, cpsxmnn, cpsann) sema Cpa - B. Cre]anonnh Kapaunh,
Pe:uur cpncroxpeamcroe, n., cpa, cp coll. sa napo n semy, xao poyct,
uoyt, cetnept n p.), consultis etiam dialectis omnibus nondum licuit eruere" xaxe
nerepan nam, jesnuxn ncrpaxnnau, J. Dobrowsky. Inst.I.sl.p.154. Hcrnna je a je ro
remxo a ce o snaueny peun a n cama npernocranxa. Ann mncaonn yx ce oceha
npnceen, a n ramo re my cnernocr cynna sanasn rpaxn nyr casnana n ncrnne n
npn cnaom cnernynany mecena...
50

Hajcrapnjn oxymenronan noarax o cpncxom nmeny nanasnmo najxacnnje
69. nnn 75. r. name epe, y neh cnomenyroj nosnaroj xnnsn Hnnnnja Hennnnja pyror
Hosuaeane npupooe. V Plinii Caecilii Secundi Historia naturalis, VI, c. 7, 19/ Leipzig,
1875/, nannasnmo na cpncxo nme y narnnnsonanom onnxy - Serbi. On ocnonno xaxe:
"A Cimmerio accolunt Maeotici, Vali, Serbi, Zingi, Psesii" (Hopeo Ku+epaua cmauvfv
Meomuu, Ba.u, Cpou, 3uueu, Hcecu). Tonorpa]nja rna na xome ce cpncxn ernnx npnn
nyr jacno nmenyje jecre ceneponcrouno o Foc]opa xo Knmepana, Capmara n
Mehana. unran nex nocne onor Hnnnnjenor nanoa /najxacnnje 175. r. n. e./,
nannasnmo na nomen cpncxor nmena y eny Ieoepaqufa nennxor ernnarcxor nayunnxa
xojn je cnoja ena nncao na craporpuxom jesnxy, Knaynja Hronomeja: "Mctuu oc tev
Kcpuuvioe opcev kui tou Pu aotuou Opivuioi kui Ouuoi kui Lcpoi
(Lipoi)"(Hs+ehv Kepavucroe eopfa u pere Pa /c+eumeuu cv/ Opuuefu u Ba.u u Cpou).
Hope onor anrponoreorpa]cxor noarxa no xome nneme Cpa onrana nopyuje
3axanxasja y nonrcxom sanehy, on nam aje sa nac jom snauajnnjn noarax a y
Hanonnjn nocrojn n rpa-nacee xojn ce nasnna Lcpivo-(Serbinum). Onaj "Cpncxn
rpa" nnn "Cpnna" yenexen je na neronoj mann one Hanonnje nnn Hoynancxnx
pernja nere y cancxom nopeujy, na mecry anamne Ipanmxe, nnn je moryhe uax a
ne n cenepo-sanannje o Cncxa n 3arpea. Hocrojane nmena mecra xoje je cnoj
rononnm onno, ounrneno npema napoy xojn y nemy xnnn, npnopaspeno je
cneouancrno xaxo ro nnje morna a ocrnapn nexa cnyuajna nnemencxa sajennna xoja
ce ry sarexna, nnn nexn nononpnomnn enemenr y Hanonnjy es oronapajyhnx
xapaxrepncrnxa napoa ca xynrypnnm nenrnrerom, xojn ce npe cnera ornea y
camocnecnom nomeny nnacrnror nmena.
3a cpncxo nme cneoun n rononnm sa pexy Kcanr, uecro nomnnany jom o
Xomeponor oa, sa xojy anrnuxn reorpa] Crpaon 63-19 r. cr. epe, xaxe: ri0 o
5ov0o o:oo ov lip3rv rxo\v oi po:rpov /Karo cv perv Kcaum Cpoua
uasuea.u pauufe/.
51
Taxohe n japancxnm Benenma n Hnnpnjnnma nnje nno
nenosnaro nme Cp, Cpnn, Cpa, mro oxasyjy npema Ba]apxy n nmena nnxonnx
rpaona: Sorviodurum, Serbetium, Sorba, Serbinum n p. Cnaxaxo on sa ro aje n
ymecan aprymenr: "Jep a je rnanno nneme Cpa naxon onajana mnornx orpanaxa y
nnxono npeme jom ynex nacrannnano y snjennm macama cenep Kapnara, nponsnnasn
mnorocrpyxo neh ns nperxono oraxnyrnx najana, mro n nornphyje nano y crapom
anapcxom xoexcy: "Zeriuani, quod tantum est regnum, ut ex eo cunctae gentes
Sclavorum exortae sint et originem, sicut affirmant ducant" xojn jacno n saonoanajyhe
ojamnana, c osnpom na ocrane nonmenne naneena nnemena n cponnxe a ce pan

50
ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki von Paul Joseph Schaffarik, Ofen, 1828, c. 129-
138
51
Strabonis rerum geographicarum libri septemdecim, Basileae, 1571., c. 763.
127
o Cpnma, cranonnnnnma crape Capmarnje."
52
3nauene ror nmena je neoma mnpoxo,
o ''cyce'' n ''cnpexnnx, cynesnnx'' o ''canesnnx, cponnx'' /p Mnnan Fynmnp,
Pelastoslavica/, na ce ono jana n nan najcrapnjer pernona onranana Cnmepa-
Knmepa n xapnarcxo-noynancxnx Knmepana (rononnm Cep(n)na na recancxoj
Fncrpnnn n Iopocepa, xao n Cepnoxopnja xo nnsanrnjcxe Hnce, oxymenronann y
VII nexy n.e., re rononnm Cep]nue xao rypxo]opmanc y Tecannjn (Herap Cxox).
Oa naneonnnrnncra yxasana cy n na jesnuxy crapnny, xao n na cponocr
cpncxocnonencxe n anancxe cnnraxrnuxe nnomarnxe, nopexnom jom o
npernocranenor cyncrpara nenamxor noxaynapa.
53
Jep, oanno je nornpheno xaxo
cxopo cna rononomacrxa, onomacrnxa, xao n xnponnmn apancxor apeana, onjajy
cnoja ernmonomxa snauena y anancxom jesnxy. Taxo je npema A. Majepy y cnncy Die
Sprache der alten Illyrier (I, Wien, 1957), Scadrus mons, Bap nnannna, nnn Cxap,
Bap nme ca cnojnm ernmonomxnm yremeenem y harr, quarr ca snauenem `uynarn`,
a es nouernor cnona /karp, karm/`crena, xpn`. Tn craponnnpcxn nspasn jom ns
pnmcxor oa ouynann cy ce y anancxom, es osnpa na narnncxe nosajmennne xoje
cy xacnnje ymne y raj jesnx. Kaxo n ce ro casnane nnaysnnnnnje nasnaunno Mnnan
Fynmnp je cmarpao a ra rpea anocrpo]nparn n y ynnnepsnrercxm yuennxy:
Hnax ce mncnn a je onmrennoenponcxn jesnx mopao pasnnxonarn cne rpn npcre
ryrypana n a ce o ror crapnjer crana cauynano rpara y nexnm nenrannnm
nnoenponcxnm ronopnma na Fanxany, nanp. V nsympnom najoncxom na Bapapy n y
anamnem apanacxom y xome ce nenapnn n nanonenapnn ryrypann ne nonamajy
jenaxo ncnpe nanarannnx noxana.
54
Ann, xaxo nema nn uncrnx napoa nn uncrnx
paca, na n uncrnx xynrypa, nopmanno je crane jesnuxe sajennne mnxcornornja, a ne
nnornornja. V roj mnxcornorcxoj crpyxrypannjn jesnxa, ns npemena oceanana
Hnnpa y apannjy n nonpnmana peun napoa xor cy noxopnnn nsronapajyhn nx

52
ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki von Paul Joseph Schaffarik, Ofen, 1828, c. 136
53
Hosnnajyhn ce na anancxe n cnonencxe nnnrnncrnuxe nese xoje je nporymauno I. Cnane (an.
npe]nxc `re` n cnon. `ro` mro ce janajy xao npenepn, na mra je ynosopno n Joxn, xao n y
excnpecnnnnm rnaronnma: neerarn, porarn), on xoncraryje: Pasyme ce a je nope enxrnuxnx
naprnxyna que n de, unje je onmre nnoenponcxo nopexno necymnnno, nno n pyrnx ]onema xoje cy
nmann enarnnny n emoncrparnnny ]ynxnnjy. Ann sa oneny crapnx apancxo-cnonencxnx nesa
esycnonno je norpeno a ce nocernmo a cnonencxn ne pasnnxyje nnrn pasnaja nenapne n
nanonenapn ryrypane xaxo ro unnn apancxn. V namem cnyuajy mopa ce ono nnrane neh crora
pamuncnrn, mro nexn ernmonosn cmarpajy a je ryrypanna naprnxyna qe nna y crnapn npenosnrnnno
qve, xoje ce y raxnoj cnyxn jana ne camo y xnacnunnm jesnnnma, nero n y erpypcxom. Taj jesnx,
npema najnonnjnm cxnarannma, sajeno ca xercxnm n ocrannm crapoanaoncxnm nperpuxnm ronopnma,
npecrana crapnjy ]asy onmennoenponcxor rnna. Taxo uacmep (1.33) nopxana crapo cxnarane a
y cnesama` a:e` n `au:e` nmamo npenosnrnnno que, ox na crpann 493. cnon. npenor `r`, `ro`
nenrn]nxyje ca nar. npenorom con, cum xojn ce jana n xao nocrnosnnnja, a ne camo xao npenep ca
]axynrarnnnnm sanpmerxom (ncn. coeo cohors conito). Hcro raxo uacmep n cnon. npenosnrnnny
enxcy `ra` `- ro` nonesyje ca rpuxnm naprnxynama `-ra` `-re` `-reu`, unjn je sanpmnn cyrnacnnx
]axynrarnnan xao n y nar. com. To snaun a ca rnenmra cnon. ]onernxe ne moxemo nnmra noysano
saxyunrn o npnonrnoj npnpon npe]nxcanne enxce `:e` n `ro`y npnmepnm a xao rouvma
roeum.amu :eepcm :eepumufa :enepar. Ann ca rnenmra apancxe ]onernxe npenep k ne onymra
nnxaxno xoneane y norney npane npnpoe esnyunor ryrypana, xojn, xaxo Cnane ncrnue, moxe
nocrarn n snyuan (ncn. glep glep). Mnnan Fynmnp, O Apoaucru+ eesa+a ca npomoc.oeeucru+,
Hpnmrnna: unn. uax. Kn. III, 1966., crp. 6.
54
p Mnnan Fynmnp, p nana Hpenajan, Cmouxeua e..euura: ocnonn rpuxe rnoronornje, Feorpa,
1979., crp. 33.
128
cnojom aprnxynannjom, nnax ce a nnern ouynana saxonnrocr o rpn pea ryrypana
xoje je yrnpno n ancxn nayunnx Xonrep Heepcen y anancxom jesnxy xpos nns
ernojesnuxnx acnmnnannja y nporonnoenponcxom, npejennncxom cyncrpary. Kaxo
cy yuecrane uyne npnmee a Ba]apnx ne cnomnne Ananne y cnom eny o
nopexny Cnonena, naa nanecrn nnrar ynpano y nesn ca renesom nnnpcxor jesnxa:
Axo ce nocmarpajy onn jacnn rparonn crapnjnx nnnpcxo-cnonencxnx onnxa y
crapocnonencxom npxnenom jesnxy n axo ce pasmncnn a je yrapcxn njanexr, xojnm
ce caa ronopn y Fyrapcxoj o ymha ynana, yx anxancxor ropja o Tnmoxa n
oarne xpos neny rpaxnjy o nonrcxe n erejcxe oane, ae y Maxeonnjn, y
nnannnama Auauuje n y jenom eny Tecannje n Ennpa, a xojnm ce cnyxe mnnnonn
Cnonena ca ounrnm pasnnxama, no rpahn n snaueny ronnxo nananyr n
meranjanexrnsonan yrnnajnma crpannx jesnxa, noceno auaucuu+ nnn
cmapoenupcru+, a ce cmarpa xao najnnme ecnonennsonan langue romane, ox ce y
Tpaxnjn n Hnnpnxymy ncrn crapn cpncxn jesnx y rpannnama opxao n cauynao o
raxnnx nsonauanana ona he ce moparn npnsnarn axo xohemo a yemo npannunn,
naxon napajana cnnx oxonnocrn a je ona ncronernocr no crapocrn naneena na
njanexra nemoryha y nnxonnm caamnnm crannmrnma n a je yrapcxn yrnannom
o]opmen ns oneror n sareuenor, c jene crpane cnonencxnx n nnnpcxnx, a c pyre
crpane auaucuux n rpuxnx enemenara, xaa je cpncxn sanoueo a ce mnpn o 550.
ro. na ceneposanay nennxor nonyocrpna./ ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz
Surowiecki von Paul Joseph Schaffarik, Ofen, 1828, c. 166-167/. non Kacnje ncrnue:
010 S217.18 A0Vo V t 1o oIIo1o oIIt, xoI Io 1ou1o xoI 1o
oVo0VoIo toIm tmp1o,t, xoI tV ou1oI om Vo xoI EoI1mV
xoI IoopomV oVoomV 1t xo1 t1o m tIEtIV t V 1q AIpoVq
tEoItI: 1ou1o op 1o mpIoV uEo 1o opo 1o AIpoVoV, o ouEtp
ou1m mVooo0, oV moEtp 1IVo oxpoEoIIV ttIIt1o: oV0pmEoV t
tIIot tV oI0m outVo EIV uVoIxmV 1IVmV, tEIo11t1o t
ooEoV oItI o V oI tI /V Arnny nonajnnme onasnnn, n ycne rora na nennxo
Hanarnncxo cnanene, re y rnm namerannma n necnnxa n ronoponncana
nojennauno, na n nero a ce xaxe xo Ananana caunnanann (nenann): jep ra sema
je o Ananana opehena, xaxo je ynpano no nnma nasnana, ysnrnyra xao na nexy
nncnny: a yn cy ce neoma nonenn, yncrnny es njene o xena, nyrajyhn y
pyxeyy nasa xao nasa.../ Hs onor nanoa je nnnno a je nncmenocr nna
npncyrna n npe re Ba]apnxone 550. ro, maa je moryhe a je sor nese ca
Hanarennjama ro nna nncmenocr rpuxor nna, ann je nsnecnocr a je nasnnane
nmena nenocpeno npeysnmano, xao n a je onuajna npra xomocexcyannsma
narnamena (a yn cy ce neoma nonenn, yncrnny es njene o xena). Hmamo nn y
nny n snesouarauxe cxnonocrn crapemnna, xoje je non Kacnje pannje nanomnnao,
naa nmarn y nny a cy ro sa ono npeme snann nnnnnnsannje n ynyhenocrn xoje
nncan cnomnne ys nomronane.
Ba]apnx raxo pxn a je anancxn jesnx crapoennpcxn n rnme ys rpuxn
mnxcornornuan y yrapcxom, xaxo cy y apannjn Hnnpn n Tpauann xnnenn y
cnmnosn, a naa oarn xaxo o rora nnje no nsyser nn pymyncxn, unja je nncxocr
ca anancxnm jom anexo neha. Fyyhn a ce on ne ynymra y anannse cnnune
Fynmnponnm, one je moryhe xoncraronarn a on Ananne pxn sa jesnuxn
pannonpanno nnnpcxo nneme ca ocrannm nnemennma xoja cy caunnanana ry pnmcxy
129
nponnnnnjy. H nmnrpnje Foranonnh je y cnojoj Knusu o Kocoev, y xojoj ce
yrnannom pasnnasn ca nnnpcxom resom o ayroxronocrn Ananana, nepyjyhn nnme
resama A. M. Cennmuena o naceanany Cnonena y Anannjn (1931) /maa je jom
Ba]apnx nynom cnarom yxasao a cy rsn. nop]nporennrcxe npnue o ceoama
Cnonena na Fanxan jena yropouno cmnmena nonnrnuxa nonana pomejcxnx
nmnepnjannnx nperensnja/, nsomrpeno youno ony mnxcornorcxy nosnaunocr :
Vxonnxo ce onacr oxo Kpoje nocmarpa xao auaucuo jesrpo, ona ce moxe
ronopnrn o nocrpanom oyxnarany onor jesrpa, ca cenepa n ca jyra, c osnpom na
npno mnpox n nnrensnnan memonnr nojac cnonencxe n auaucue nomenxnarype na
cenepy n na jyry auaucuoe jesrpa. Hnnnja em-Hpnspen osnauana raj nojac na
cenepy, a nnnnja uepmennxa-Inannnna na jyry...Tononomacrnxa Auauuje npyxa
onono noaraxa a ce yrnpn jom jena naxna oxonnocr: Cnonenn xojn cy
nacrannnn jyxny n cpeny Auauujy (acene Bojyme, enona, Cemenn, ropne
Bxyme n onacrn oxo Hpnor pnma) unnnnn cy ncry jesnuxy n ernnuxy rpyny ca
Cnonennma xojn cy ce nanasnnn y nopeujy jyxne Fncrpnne, y Maxeonnjn, Tpaxnjn n
Mnsnjn axne ncrounojyxnocnonencxy rpyny xojoj anac npnnaajy yrapcxn n
maxeoncxn jesnx; nojenne rpyne onnx Cnonena cy ce y panom pasoy
xononnsannje (VII-VIII nex) nnn nemro xacnnje, nacennnn cenepno o Bxyme y
nopujy Apsena, Hmmn n oner Mara npem Cxapy. Mehyrnm, oxo Cxapa n pnma
omnnnpano je cranonnnmrno sananojyxnocnonencxe rpane, cpncxo
cranonnnmrno./ma+o, crp. 30-31/ H raj onp Cpa ca Anannnma nnn nnxonnm
ernnuxnm npennma nnje nmao xapaxrep cyxoa, jep nnje nno cyxoanana n
npeornmana seme, neh je cyap nsno ca Bnsanrnjom xao pxanom n pomancxnm
cranonnnmrnom no rpaonnma, re je npnonran onoc xapaxepncnuan no cnmnosn n
nnrerpannjama.
Taxohe, n y xnnsn nsaroj y Hecapn 1601. r. Manpo Opnn, xojn y cnom eny
Kpa+eecmeo C.oeeua oauac ucrpue+euo uaseauux Crfaeouu, nanono, "yonmre n ne
cnomnne Ananne", onncyje xaxo cy y npnom nexy naxon Xpncra oxpyrnn xpa
Apron n xena my Teyra onymrann nauxe n sannene, na: crora es crpaxa xapaxy
unranom noxpajnnom, ynnmranajyhn n pasapajyhn cne npe coom. V ro oa, xenehn
ce oncxpnrn xnnexom, cnyuaj nx nanece y Auauujy n ocnjeme y 4euurv. V rom
rpay opaname raa nocaa o ocamcro rancxnx nojnnxa xoje Auauuu nnahaxy sa
opany rpaa...Auauuu npnrncnyrn raxo nennxnm nenoama n nsrynnmn cnaxy
nay y cnac, nocname Eroannma n Axajnnma cnoje noxnncape a sarpaxe nomoh.
Onn ce cmnnoname auaucuu+ rynnnma n xenehn nm nomohn oome y
Xennxpan...Crora noxapanmn unrany noxpajnny, aome Auauuu+a npnmnpje
ocrannnmn nm rpa n cnooy, no noneome ca coom na nahe mnomrno poona n
pyror nnnjena. Taxo nx ce jean no mopem, a pyrn xonnom npexo Anrnronnje
nparn xyhn, nsasnanmn nennxn crpax y rpuxnm nomopcxnm rpaonnma. Hanme
nnjenmn onauxan mnmo cnaxor ouexnnana cnaxan n mohan auaucuu rpa, ne
ojaxy ce ronnxo sa cnoje seme (xao nera), neh sa cee came n sa cnoje rpaone.
55

Axo ce ysme y osnp n o nona Kacnja naneena nnxnomanrnja crapemnna,
xojn cy ymenann a npnane cnerna sa ocneranane rpaona, re nx raxo hnnnnn
npnnnaunnm sa rpronnny n rypnsam jom n onyncxn, ona rycapcxa oncaa, sannena n
nopoanane o pyrnx nnemena /Aprona n Teyre/ ns oxoxoropcxor oxpyxena, am

55
Manpo Opnnn, Kpa+eecmeo C.aeeua, 3arpe, 1999., crp. 211-212 (npen. Cnexana Xycnh)
130
n ne nnun na cnerao npnmep nanpeonana y nnnnnnsonanocrn n xynrypn. Vronnxo je
naxon onmnor pexoncrpyxrnnnor npncryna naneorpa]cxnm marepnjannma, cacnnm
cynncno mncnnrn, a je nooanno nsnecen saxyuax y rom norney opxnn n
mepoanan: Jesnnn onnx cyncrpara (nenamxnx) ocrannnn cy nonpnnnuno yrnnaja n
rparona y jesnnnma anxancxnx cranonnnxa. Taxnn ce rparonn nanase n y anancxom
jesnxy xojn nncy nn rpauxn, a nn nnnpcxn. To ce moxe nporymaunrn camo rnme mro
cy Hnnpn, ocennnmn ce y one xpajene, npnmnnn peun noxopennx napoa n
nsronapann cy nx cnojom aprnxynannjom. To jom nornphyjy n noxannsmn rnx
nnoenponcxnx peun, xojn cy aexnarnn nnnpcxom n anancxom. Hs cnera ce onora
nnn a ynpxoc noremxohama nnax nocrojn ernorenernuxa nesa nsmehy Hnnpa n
Ananana. To nornphyje n unnennna a nehnna ocraraxa ennrpa]nxe, onomacrnxe,
xnponnma n pyror jesnuxor marepnjana cnoje snauene nanasn y anancxom jesnxy.
Ocnm rora ro nornphyjy n nmena npnmopcxnx rpaona xao Cxaap, em, pau,
Banona n mnorn pyrn, xojn cy omnn o cnor anamner crana jenno npema
]onercxnm saxonnma anancxor jesnxa. Jenno ce raxo mory cxnarnrn n ocrann
ronnnmn n oponnmn, xao Dimalum (dy mallet) - ne nnannne; Diligatum (dy knetat)
ne mounape, o ligat ca xopenom lag xnacnrn, moxpnrn, mro snaun nnaxno mecro,
mounapa.
Ha xpajy, xao saxyuax, c nynnm ce npanom moxe npnxnarnrn nocranxa a cy
Anannn noromnn nnnpa, xao cypnnnann Henasra n a je npno onpanano cxnarane a
nocrojnna anamnnx Ananana nnje nopyuje nnxone excnansnje, nero
pecrpnxnnje. Hnnpcxa cy ce nnemena, norncnyra ca cenepa n jyra, xonnenrpncana y
pcxnm npeennma xoja cy neh naceanna n raxo cy roxom nexona ]opmnpann jeny
xomnaxrny nehnny xoja ce cynpocranana, ne es nnnnx nocnenna s npeme
nnnasnja, mannnn.Onn, jenom nsrynnmn nonnrnuxy omnnannjy, acnmnnonann cy
ce c nehnnom, ann ocranajyhn yoxe rparone y onuajnma, jesnxy nr.
56

Ko nnsanrnjcxnx ncropnuapa 11. n 12. nexa nomnny ce Anannn nnn
Apannre y cacrany nnsanrnjcxe nojcxe y Hrannjn n y sanehy paua. Bnsanrnjcxn
ncropnuap Mnxann Aranenar, nncao je ceamecernx ronna jeanaecror nexa
onncyjyhn pasoe 1034-1079r., cnomnnyhn y 1043. ronnn noxo o paua npema
Conyny nnsanrnjcxor namecnnxa na Cnnnnnjn Ieoprnja Mannaxoca, xao
ysypnaropcxn ycranax npornn cnepomejcxor nacnneja, y xome xao nojnnnn yuecrnyjy
Anannn: O nouerxa pomejcxor /rpuxor/ cxnnrpa o nooxnor nsaxnyha napa
nasnanor Mnxann, xojn je oraunny Ha]naronana ysnrao o rocnocrnenocrn
/osnanno enapxnjom (npnnauencrnyjyhom/npnsnarom)/, saparn ca nnemenom Arapjana
npema ncroxy, na Cnnnnnjn nahama ocnonen na pomejcxe cnare. H npema nnje
pasmorpno rnpannjy parnor nnana nonepennxa Topha, onor Mannjaxa, mro nornue ns
re cpenne, na je n pyre ynyxao y par, xaxo n npexo Pomeja nanynno raamna
ocrpna, raxohe nennxa n nosnara, re parom nacranno najneha n pyrnm
norpenmrnnama /oncxpno/ a ce y nnuemy ne ocxyena. Caa je nax raxna sanncr n
yn n ena /nocrynaxa/ noropmana unn: jep xacnnjn crparesn pyxnnje n
nennemennro onyunme raxo mehycono n ca mnornm opnnma, nerpahancxnm
Pomejnma. Beh y opn pyrn ro nncy npeysnmann, re nn namn rpahann jenaxo ro
canpeysnmann, xao nn Anannn n Harnnn no cnojoj nepn, xojn cy nsa ncroxa Honreja
/Bnsanrnje/, mro ennmnuno naceanajy Hrannjy, nepasymno paroopnn, mro cy ce

56
3e] Mnpnra, H.upu u emuoeeuesa A.oauaa, y `Hs ncropnje Ananana`, Feorpa, 1969., crp. 25-26.
131
xo nnxonnor nnaapa xopncno nacennnn no ncrom parnom nnany nocranenom o
Mnxanna nohe oxejana./ (Michael Attaleiates, Historia, Bonnae: ed. Weberi, 1853.,
crp. 8-9/
57


57
Mnxann Arennar nexonnxo crpannna ae nnme jom noponnje: Hnje mnoro npemena npomno n
nap nsapa Mnxanna sa parcxor onacnennxa, sa cynny Kajcapa y mnorom npemeny mro npohe,
npema xao npema cnny npncnojenom cnpam nonoxaja, re najuynannje orpae mro nnje npna neh
neocxpnenom xpny oroycxe peun n pyxe mehy pohennma o xena xpcrom osnamenonane, ropner
cnpam ncror pso yrnphene nepe. H ejame myx ys pannje nanmne phane n pxannnuxn neopacne es
sajennuxnx nornea, ca napcxnm ycnonnma n ocnoohen o xnaena n najnooxnnjn, unja je
uacroynnocr ornouerxa npno nsna neronor sanapenena n o pyrnx nosnara, mro cy nponocnnn
noospnnocr, n xo onnx yrnennx no uacrn n nynnx ocrojancrna xonnxa nm je crapnna, re ce sa
oposaxone, ynpxoc pyrnma, pnxnno crapao, re nenpanene npecye npenosnanao y nenoxasanom,
n npany sa cne pyre ysnsao n nouacrnonao. Jep roxom npemena nsahe Koncranrnn xo anacena,
xojn je noospenao napcrno saxnenmn ce na cryy xo neronor oxancrna, n neron narpnxnje
/yrnennx/ Tophe Mannjax, xojn je crexao marncrapcxo /ysnnmeno/ ocrojancrno n npnanno
pyxonocrno Hrannjom /npoxejpemy, npe]exrypy/. 3a one ramo pohene xojn cy nsyserno cnaxno
mncnnnn ynny enonana, nncoxo ce ns cpenne ysnrao, re sa nohy nocranno Jonana monaxa n
amnnncrparopa /cnporoxpannrea/, xojn je crnapn pxao no napcxoj npann, saynex oannnmn
nporone /exannje/, na je npeocrane na npxynny n npema cnasn nycrno a nnerajy, xojn cy sa
nooxnocr nsnojenn no yunnennm ennma. H cam neron po nsmenno je naunn a ecnonecny sanncr
npnnocn sajennuxnm mnmennma, ouncrnnmn raxna npnsnnana n sanpmnnmn ca sajennuxnm
npnsnnannma.
Hanycrnnmn ro n npema oxancxom n cneeconcxom, nomryjyhn npepacrajyhe nacxpcene
Xpncra Fora namera, xa je cnaconocna nacxa nomronana o ncnpanno nepyjyhnx, re xpaencxa
naronaunncxa nonopxa o onnx mro cy ce na npxy yrnpnnn, mnore cepcxe oope noxasyjyhn o xoje
seme nornue, re o xoje onacrn onasn nooxnocr n o nennxor poa /nopre/ oxancxe peun
/pasyma/, o cryona cnere mypocrn, o xojnx ce nap ca nparnom y opom noperxy narouecrnno
cmecrno. Haxon rora n no nonoj rocnoapcxoj xonnnn npema nononacranoj cneuanocrn ynyrnna ce
nonopxa xao mro n n no saoj mnorocnpxonnrocrn cnnxa n uacrn, re pyrn cner snarom n cpepom
onrouen sajeno npenasnnasnnn, re cno po onenuanajy n rnme sacnnnajy cxna n cnacraxnnm
ocnerananem. Ta sancra napcxa najnomronannja ncraxnyrocr a je cnya ca narocnonom
npocyhnnana n ca paocnnm annaysnma nospanana y rpay /pxann/. Konnxo je ro nnme no
cranonnnmrny mro ce pannje ponno n onno nouacr najuynennjnx mehy nocmarpaunma, nonesannx ca
ycranonnnanem nosopnmra n ncnynennx cnerom pnrom, ox je nap y nonopnn xoao. H nnno nnje
nno opo rneano o nocmarpaua. ox ce nap nparno ns najneher xpama oxpyxyjyhn anocronn
/cneennnn/ ejaxy y nanarn, mnoro pasmnmajyhn o cynnn ror ouexa n ocneuanena, a rocnoap
ca ncroxa Hpncxnjan (nerono ocrpno nnje anexo o napcrna), npno ce samncnno n rpnnyr onecnecrno.
Haxon rora ca mnornm crnapnma nocranennm o ramomnnx nesnannna, noysano
ncxasyjemo a je an ysnnmeno npomao, a ca nexnm a cy nax nexn pyrn o rome ronopnnn xao o uyy,
ox cy pyrn panje npnuann o naxnanom nacranxy oncrajyher, n cnn najjaue nomronann nocneheny
onyxy. Ca rnme ce noyapnno a cy yn no ymennnm xpernama n npexnnenn xpyxehn rnac, a ce
one rnea snjeno y cynpornnama npomena xoje cne oysnmajy, n cnaxy ce ca xacnnjnm xanama n
npornn uacrn n uacroynnocrn, jeno cnpam nnaapa ycranoneno, nspaxanajyhn nemepnny
mpxny, re cy n pyrn pyre xemhe nocnemnnann a nocrany n npema onnma no ncrom, mro cy
sanouenn nenpnjarecrno n nenannhene. To je nayuno n nap, n onyuno a nocrann ocnaennje
oxnnaje sa Bnsanrnnne, nanncanmn a je ro unnno npema nooxnom mecry sa npnunnanane
casnana, npenocehn yspoxe na ono mro ce ecnno, (...ca crp, 18) Hajnaroenarnnjn o napyjyhnx
Monomax opanno ce, n cne cxone napcxe ncrojnocrn n apone uacroynno nocnerno,
ooponenem ysnnmennx; a narno onann ca ncroxa nanhome nanjenn n ompasom n cnempxnom,
mro na nerono napcrno namepnme nana. Myx xnaene xpnn n nopexna, no cehany Ieoprnje, xora
Mannaxom nposname, nrne ce ns xpajena Hrannje sajeno ca omahnm nojnnm nohama Pomeja n
Ananana, pan cynpocranenor rnenmra na napcrno n pannjer neronor nenpnjarecrna xoje je cam
ono. O npeocrannx nojnnx caopana snje ce n nanane, naxon na ana nponeena xo Conyna,
onacnnm rnenmrem nponannnmn nennxo napcxo nojno yrnphene. Jep ejaxy ce nponnn npema
132
Hcro raxo n ncropnuap Ana Komnnna y cnojnm A.ercufaoa+a /6.,7.7/, ronopn
o Apanony xao o ponnroj onacrn y ynyrpamnocrn, xoja ce na jyry nporesana o
Oxpna n epa /Bxymnna enona/, onojeno o nnsanrnjcxe reme y pauy;
Ananana nma y Tecannjn, Ennpy n Eronnjn cne o Henononesa, ann ce ry ne
cnomnne n nnxono crannmre na anamnem Kocony. Hpema ncropnjcxom cnncy
pexropa Vnnnepsnrera y Koncranrnnonoy, Ieoprnja Axpononnra (1217-1282), xojn
je nacranno ncropnjcxo eno Hnxnre Xonnjara, onn cy ce cnymrann y pannnne n
nouerxom 13. nexa crnopnnn xnexennny Anannjy mro je onnpana o Cxaapcxor
jesepa
58
, a mro n cneeher nexa ocraje xaryncxa repnropnja, xaa nounny cyxon ca
narnncxnm ocnajaunma Mnennma n Hopmannma o yror nenonycrnnor ornopa
Typnnma, nororono no cpuannm Typhem Kacrpnornhem (Cxeneperom), xojn je n
anac nnxon nannonannn xepoj.
Baxno je nanomenyrn a ce nsmehy apannrcxnx apanana n Hajonana n
Tpauana, na cenep, npema Hoynany, nanasn nneme Tpnana /Cpnaa/, xoje y
uernprom nexy nounny a npennanyjy Cxopncnn nnn Kenrn, na sajeno ca
apannma ocnenajy no yap maxeoncxnx nnaapa n Pnmana, ca unme ce onnja
oncexna pomannsannja ror crapoanxancxor xnna (1. nex npe o 3. nex naxon
pohena Xpncronor); raxo a cy nyrenn o Cxapa npexo Hnspena xa Hnmy n Cxony,
xao n o paua, npexo Oxpna sa Conyn, opehnnann n sacrynenocr ayroxronnx
crapnnana n npecrannnxa pomejcxor omnnnona (sa mannncxy xoncrenannjy xasyjy

napenom xasnnany nope cnara Pomeja y esnopennma. H nonomnnmn napcxe nojnnxe, nanann cy n one
one mro cy ce xperann n nncy onojauenn n one omahnx pyxy mnoro (jep cy ce n mnoro opnnn n
nsrnnynn, n nnje nno xao mro ce xasnnano one nonpehennx, xojn n nononnuno n ymnorome nnn
saonhenn mro ce rnue rena. 3a re je necynpocranane n crajane nosnaro, a n ce n onyxe
pasnnxonane), n ycnpanane noee neh je cne oyxnarnno. H ys mnora cynpocranana opo ce
npouyno, y cnpxy cyxoa anraxonann cy omax xone, xojn cy Foxnja npecya, n es noxpera ce annnn
ca onom cynpocranenn crnapn sancra rpemehn n cxnarajyhn. Kao ynexanane ncrnne, npexnnenn cy
mnorn camn nocranene nanae cponnxa, o xpnn orexann n cpehy nmajyhn y mnomrny. Haana nnx
camnx oxo ncrnx pasanannx n na mnore naunne nacrane noee, omno je o napcxor paonana n
crpaxa mehy cynpocranennm caopnnma. Jep ce ca noeom ne nonrpana ca cnom Foxnjom ecnnnom,
onncyjyhn je.
58
pdi s ou/q0si vu ys squqos qv duou pqv: sk s yop uv
tuuv ouk iqv upuv sktqouto kk tuv Boupev aoqv tqv tc op
Ocoouiuv u' suutov saoiqouto, Apiou tc kui Hpiuaov, zovv tc kui uuto to
Auppiov sv0u kui Hstpov cto ciotq otputio s tuiu opucvov kui u
apo tqv Kevotuvtivou acaoiqsvov tqv oiooov, vqopcusvov apo tou aau kui
uoisu, uutou aou ccvqsvov apocipeocvv tc kui uuto to Auppiov
cvvuie kutctpoauouto. o sv ov pq0ci Hstpo upo uaqpcv sa' ocg tou
apute uoicuouvto sk tou Autivev spou Buoouivou kui tou ct' uutov Epq,
skucito os q uutuv ocq ocvtiu, s q auioc tq Hstpq csvqvtui tpci, tc
4iiaao, o Poaspto kui o Bu oouivo, uv o sv Poaspto kui o Buoouivo tq
Kevotuvtivou cuoicukuoi, tou aputou uutuv ocou tou 4iiaaou tq
ocq Poasptq tq uoiciu aupuepqouv to. uaqpov os oioi kui ocui,
uv iu Mupiu qv, g ouvcuq o uoicu Ocoepo. osv ov oqe0ci Ocoepo,
ku0u cipqkciv, to oikciov aupuuuv otptcuu vtitttctui u964 tq Hstpq, ikpov
uacpaqoqouvti to Auppiov kui sv tui zo zvoo ooopoi ccvqsvq.
vikuoi ouv kuto kpto oi tou Kovqvou Ocooupou to tuv Autivev otptcuu,
u avtu poqv ocoutu aoiqoui ouv aooi okcucoi, kui uutov os tov uoisu
Hstpov spovuuipu cvso0ui. touto oq ttc su Peuioi scvci oq0qu.

133
n onomacnonomxe crynje ynosopanajyhn na rex noxoje crapoanancxo n crapocpncxo
nme y apancxoj onomacrnnn cnomennuxnx narnnca npema uanynn Hanasorny,
apoaucra ouo+acmura, 3.unn.]ax., 1964, crp. 49-71). Apre]axrn n pennxrn
Komancxe nexponne xoja xasyjy o cypnnnannma Henasra y craponnnpcxoj xynrypn
ynpxoc rom cnaxnom pnmcxom yrnnajy o 6. o 8. nexa naxon pohena Xpncronor,
yxasyjyhn na xanmrarcxe rnnone exopannje nnnenrapa n necnnm noxonanannma
ympnnx, xao camocnojna n nennxopnopncana xynrypa ca apre]axrnma eneonnrcxor,
nenacrnuxor cnoja.
Ty cy cmemrenn n nosnnjn npnnannnn jyxnor pnmcxor Hnnpnxa n
nponnnnnje apannje, xao n onn apannn xojn ce nanase na noresy oxo Apanona,
cne o Cxaapcxor n Oxpncxor jesepa, ca nexnm npenosnarnnnm nnemencxnm
nmennma Hnpycra n Hanecra, xojn xao cypnnnann Henasra caunnanajy
pecrpnxrnnnrer onennnana crana, a ne excnansnono yuecrnonane y orahannma
pnmcxe ncropnje onamner npemena. V rom je npanny n canpemenn ananonor 3e]
Mnpnra onpanano nanomenyo: Crora ce unnn a je ncnpanna nna ona reopnja,
xojy je jom J. G. von Hahn ncraxao, xojom ce rnpn a cy Anannn memannna Hnnpa n
Henasra. Ony reopnjy nornphyje n apxeonomxn marepnjan ns npencropnjcxor
noxannrera y Anannjn, Mannhn n nnnpcxor Haxox. Ha ocnony apre]axara ns onnx
nanasnmra moxe ce ca cnrypnomhy saxyunrn cy ce Hnnpn na anamnem nopyujy
Anannje npnn nyr nojannnn xao cypnnnann jene cacnnm pyraunje xynrype n
nnnnnnsannje y nouerxy ponsanor oa. Onaj ernnxon xojn je xnneo o eneonnra
moxe ce cmarparn xao Henasrn /ma+o, crp. 24-25/
Hpema ro nnje nn norpean nn onoan ycnon onor nsnarana, naa ce
pan yuecrannx opymanana na cynncne nnrepnperannje onnx unnennna nayxe o
crapnnama, ocnpnyrn n na reopnjcxa cynpocranana, xoja y neocrarxy
aprymenrannje nocrajy uax n nynrapna. Cynncno nsnohene nayunnx oxasa y xopncr
rese a cy Anannn ayroxronn cranonnnnn na cnojnm anamnnm repnropnjama
(cacnnm je ynepnna npnmea a je nno nexnx nehnx mnrpannja na rom rny a n ro
cpncxa ncropnja noysano npnenexnna), xome je camo narernyro moryhe npnnncarn
noreopnjcxe amnnnje, na xanocr je oxnneno a ye jaxo npornameno.
Hpnmrnncxn nayunnx 3e] Mnpnra, o npaanna je xpnmhancxe xaronnuxe nepe, na
je necynncno nerono memane ca mycnnmancxnm exramxnm noxperom, a jom mane ca
nnueancrnom (ono je, nanme nspasnro nnnnnyanncrnuno), raxo a cy aa
nonesnnana came nonnrnsannje xoje nemajy cnare a ce nonecy nn ca jenom
capxajnom resom xojy r. Mnpnra sacryna.
59
Fpxana nonnrnuxor mapxernnra n
npecrnxnnx nosnnnja ca nnrepnperarnnnnm nanennnjama snauena reopnje
ncropnjcxnx unnennna xoje ce noxasyjy y cnojoj opxnnocrn nnn naajy, onoe o
raxo necynncnnx nonesnnana cnera ca cnaunm, a unrane raxnnx rexcrona nnje camo
npenymrane neypannorexennm, na n ynpennnm nsjanama xoje cnrypno nncy y
crany a nonecy osnnocr nayunor ncxypca, neh n ocana nonanana xao crapa
sanapana rpamo]oncxa nnoua /bis zum Ekel, xaxo n pexao Ba]apnx/. anexo je
crapnja nayuna resa xojy je camo cacnnm cynncno nsnoxno npo]. p 3e] Mnpnra, a

59
Bnn neron pa y Jyrocnonencxom ncropnjcxom uaconncy: 3ua:af u +oevhuocmu enuepaqcroe
+amepufa.a sa pacefeme+aeane emuu:re, no.umu:re u coufa.ue cmpvrmvpe apoauufe v pu+cro
oooa (Feorpa, 1978, p 1-4, crp.76-101). Vnopen n pesnme paa Zef Mirdita, Studime Dardane,
Prishtine, 1979., str. 143-152.
134
ro je opo npoyuena n meroonomxn nopxana n onynena resa nnmer xonsyna y
Anannjn Jose]a Ieopra ]on Xana, xojn je y cnojnm onmnnm pacnpanama o
nopexny Ananana (J. G. von Hahn, Albanesische Studien, Bd. I-III, Jena, 1854.), mehy
npnnma pasnno npernocranxy o Anannnma xao ayroxronom cranonnnmrny na rny
pnmcxe nponnnnnje Hnnpnx. Hecynncnocr rese a cy onn ry omann rex y
jeanaecrom nexy, xoje je y cnom ysypnaropcxom noxoy na nnsanrnjcxn npecro ry
oneo rex Ieoprnje Mannaxnc, ornea ce y nrnopncany sannca Xexareja, Hnnnnja
Crapnjer, Homnonnja Mene, npe]exra sa nponnnnnjy Hnnpnx nona Kacnja, xao n
saonnaxena nnn npennhana paona o ennennnjn xapaxrepa jesnuxnx cyncrpara,
jenaxo xao n apxeonomxnx paona xojn raj xonrnnyannn aconnjerer unne nnnnnm
y yrnm nepnonma rpajana, cacnnm je ounrnena none pasopnrnjnm yxonnma. Hma
n onnx xojn ro nncy n nnmy unrane xnnre ca ounrnenom ompasom n raxnom cyponom
npncrpacnomhy, a ro moxe a xoncrepnnme cnaxor xo ro unra, ne camo y norney
espoj yunrannx momenara xojn cy neopxnnn y ncropnjcxoj xpnrnnn, nero n mro ce
rnue nauennnx cranona xojn arpecnnan peunnx cmarpajy npenmyhcrnom.
Cnaxaxo a ce naa cnoxnrn ca rnme a je rsn. `nnnpcxa resa` o nopexny
Ananana nonnrnsonana y nannonanpomanrnuapcxom yxy anac ancypna, jep
nnamnxa ernorpa]nje anrnuxor Fanxana nnje ouynana y unpcrnm n nexoneunnm
nocenma, nero je npe y noxpery n nomepannma. Ty je raxohe n jyxnoanxancxn
nonnrnuxn nponem Kocona xao onyncxn momenar jom nehe xomnnnxannje, ann on
naa a ye paspemanan nesanncno o one naneoncropnjcxe cnryannje. Vocranom,
repnropnja anamner Kocona n Meroxnje n nnje ona xoja ce cnomnne y crapnm
ncropnjama xao anancxa nocrojnna n nnme je ro crnap nonnrnuxnx necnopasyma ns
nonnjnx npemena. Mehyrnm, nperepanocrn n apoxnn oann raxnor yxa ne n
naano a saxnone enemenrapne ncropncxe unnennne xoje nnje moryhe nrnopncarn
es ycnona anecresnje npe crnapnomhy, a raxna ecnonecnocr xoja n nonyr noja
sanjana rnany y necax npe nnma, nonna n sanpano yxynnom pacrpojcrny ysnmana
y osnp ncropnjcxnx unnennna yonmre. To je npannno xoje n raa mopano a ye
jacno cnnma n a yonmreno naxn, a ne camo npema Anannnma, jep na mnnennjyma
norone ncropnje caunnanajy ynpano onaxne ernnuxe pacnopee xaxne yrnannom
nanasnmo n anac (yxonnxo ce nsysme nnancxo npenanyunnane Kocona anancxnm
xnnem), raxo a ne rpea onryxnnarn ncropnjcxe nayune unnennne xoje cy
oxasnne, sa nocrojane canpemennx nonnrnuxnx crpaxona n cyxoa unjn ce
mornnannonn ]axropn remee na cacnnm pyrnm xapaxrepncrnxama (npe cnera onnm
nonnr-exonomcxnm, mapxernnmxnm n pennrnosno nncrnrynnonannsyjyhnm; na nehe
nrn a je xpnnnna camo na jenoj crpann). Homepana Cpa na cenepne crpane
saxnayjyhn necpehnnm rypcxnm ocnajannma n xacnnje cnaene name nonnrnuxe
crannnocrn na Kocony n Meroxnjn, xao a je npenomnno n npnnnxe na cnercxo-
ncropnjcxoj cnenn ca naom Fepnnncxor sna n reocrparernjcxe pannorexe y enpo-
arnanrcxom cnery. Moryhe je a cy ca ocnenanem o raxnor nonoxaja n Cpn n
Anannn na Kocmery ocnenn y craryc xononnjanne sanncnocrn, rj. nocrann
nojenaxo onrepehenn omnnannonom nonnrnxom cnna enpoarnanrcxor noxa.
Hpema crapoj Apncrorenonoj npaxrnunoj mypocrn n pemanana rnx npaxrnunnx
(nonnrnuxnx, exonomcxnx, npanno-ycxnx, ncnxonomxnx nnrana) naa norpaxnrn
nere no cpennn, jep excrpemn xojn onnaue cne na camo jeny crpany, cymrnncxn
sacrpanyjy. Jenocrpanocrn cy cymrnncxn rneano nno a]exrnnnocrn, a n
135
neopxnne cy y yxem npemencxom nepnoy, jep xprn noynnpaun xojn nx noce
nynajy no xnnernuxom eneprnjom repera ca xojnm nncy y crany a ce nonecy es
camocnamana. H xao mro je cpena mepa nsmehy cynye onaxnocrn n xyxannunyxa
xpapocr, raxo n n cpena mepa nsmehy xpajne nenonycrnnocrn n
ecxomnpomncnocrn c jene crpane, xao n nonycrnnocrn n nonnaxeny cnemy mro
ce saxrena ca pyre crpane, nna sanpano npannuno yrnphnnane peannor crana nnn y
mnpoxnm acnexrnma npannnx nopmn npenasnnaxena sarnnanor crana xpos
oocrpano npnxnarnne xomnpomnce. Cnaxaxo a ro nnje sananoenponcxo pemene
xoje je nonyheno y nny Hesanncnor Kocona. V raxnoj pxann Cpn n mopann a
rpaxe nesanncnocr o ne n raxo y neorne, a noena je raxohe repnropnjanno
nensnonna cem nacnem n ca oenexjem ncropnjcxe nenpane. C pyre crpane, panoj
rpronauxnx n npnnpennx norennnjana nperncrana a canpemene pxane
omoryhanajy nanpeonane n npocnepnrer marepnjannnx n yxonnnx oapa napoa, a
ne nnxono anane y ey. Axo n ce sa ro rpaxnna npana peu, xoja n morna a
nmenyje nono casnane xoje n nmano nsrnea na ycnex y ocrnsany cnopasyma,
naano n ra nmenonarn peujy pasopnrocr. Pasopnrocr ne camo a npenasnnasn
a]exrnnne nnnnnyanne n mera-cyjexrnnncrnune nsnnne crpacrn (yxyuyjyhn y ro
n parone), neh npyxa n moryha pemena xoja omoryhanajy an sajenuxn xnnor
jennx nope pyrnx, na n jennx ca pyrnma y yyhnocrn.



























136

Excxypc II:
BHHuAHCKO HHCMO H 3HAHH BPEMEHA HHBHHH3AHHJE

V Honom Cay ce orono mehynaponn cnmnosnjym 3nann nnnnnnsannje
/25-29. maja, 2004. ronne/, o neonnrcxom cncremy cnmona Jyroncroune Enpone, sa
xojn ce moxe pehn a xacnn najmane jeny enennjy. I. Hnxona Tacnh, xojn je
pannjnx ronna no uynen no nsjann a ce nnnuancxnm nncmom nnxo osnno nnje
anno, cem xao jenom npcrom ]anrasnje, ymecro a oopn npncyrne na anane
onpnnoca y rom npanny, onpeenno ce sa ynosopanane na nennxn onpes npe
samxama xoje npeajy ncrpaxnnaue xaa ce rnme osnno ane (nomenyrn nmena
Pannoja Hemnha nnn Mnnana Fynmnpa n nno xnarane y re samxe). Vs
yonuajene nporoxonapne ]pase rocnohe Hoan Mapnep o ocehany cpehe n
saonocrna mro ce cxyn orono (xao a je neronom opxanany npernna nexa jena
orxonena npenpexa), re xpos sye nponehenn nospan noxpajnncxor cexperapa sa
xynrypy Bojnonne r. 3.Fynnxa, ca npe]epennnjama nenepanne xomynnxannje roxom
nospannor ronopa, cxyn je xonauno n noueo pe]eparom p Ban Bnna ns CA.
Hacnonnnmn ra: Beyond academic skepticism: the ritual use of the Danube script, p
Bnn ce norpyno a noxaxe necymnnnocr unnennne a ce pan ynpano o
aprnxynncanom cncremy cnonnnx snaxona, a xojn oner caunnana nopyxe sa xoje je
naxnno a cy neoronernne sor ncranne xojy npemencxn ycnocrana sa ersaxrno
unrane nenpenosnarnna jesnuxa apnjepa. Mehyrnm, nerono ynopno rparane sa
sanocranennm eranma na xoje nnje opahana onona naxna oneno o orxpnha
nnneapnor nncma xoje je on ycneo cynncno a emn]pyje, rj. a nayune unnennne
xoje cy o raa nne no xonpenom anonnmnocrn nayune nnrennnonanne naxne,
nsnjy na nneno y jenoj cacnnm pyraunje nocranenoj xepmeneyrnuxoj cnryannjn.
One cy ornopnne n pyraunjy moryhnocr ounronana crnapnocrn y mepn npemena
nnrennnonannocrn capxaja xojn ce nye cnecrn, a y noj je na npnoj nnnnjn xneona
ersncrennnje y "rouxy npemena" ncraxnyra nnneapna nncmenocr. p Bnn ce ocnpnyo
na nocrojane rese a je nnneapna nncmenocr y npancropnjcxo oa nemoryha yxonnxo
joj ne nperxoe cnnxonnn onnnn nncmenocrn xao xnjepornn]n xo crapnx Ernnhana,
majancxn nerpornn]n n nxonornn]n nnn xnnecxn nnxrorpamn. Ta resa ornaa ca
orxpnhem rpuxor "Hnneapa F" xao nncma xoje je nnneapno n aryje na mnnennjym n
no pannje o nojane "Hnneapa A", axne rpuxor an]aera xaxnor nosnajemo ca nexnm
nsmenama cne o anamnnx ana. axne, resa o nocrojany nnneapnor nncma y
nepnoy nnnuancxe xynrype, xoje je nperxonno cnnm noronnm onnnnma
nncmenocrn cne o anamnnx cnonencxnx nncama, cacnnm je cynncna n xeypncrnuxn
nnona. emn]ponane ror nncma npecrana camnm rnm raxo nennx ncrpaxnnauxn
noyxnar, raxo xpynan sanoraj, a axo ono maxap n ennmnuno ycne, moxe a ce mepn
camo ca cnnunnm noyxnarnma Bamnonnononor emn]ponana ernnarcxnx
xnjepornn]a, uon Xameponor emn]ponana xnnnonnca nnn Enanconor orxpnha n
rymauena nporonncma xpnrcxo-mnxencxe xynrype rsn. "Hnneapa F" (nnax, xaxo je
xacnnje xycrpo ncraxao p Xapman, reopnja a je ]ennuancxn jesnx yrnnao na pasnoj
onor nncma noxasana ce a n nnje am noceno yremeena, yyhn a ne moxe a
ojacnn npncycrno cnona ncn, ]n n xn, a cna ona opea nanase ce y cnnaapnjymy
nnnuancxor nncma o 4. o 9. mnnennjyma npe Xpncra).
137
p Ban Mnnron Bnn je cncremarnsannjy 242 snaxa nonohenem no 12
rpyna sanpmno o cpenne ocamecernx ronna, maa je nerona nceprannja
ojanena y Kanrapnjy rex 1981 (Milton McChesney Winn, The Signs of the Vinca
Culture: An Internal Analysis; Their Role, Chronology and Independence from
Mesopotamia, University of California, Los Angeles, Ph. D. 1973. /University
Microfilms, Axerox Company, Ann Arbour-Mitchigan./,Calgary, 1981.). Hpema
neronnm naranoxennm casnannma, nncmo je y cnojoj npannnnoj nnneapnoj ynorpen
najounrnennje na apre]axrnma xojn cy najneponarnnje xynrnor rnna. Vnexonnxo, ro
moxe a ye ouexnnano xao xamene yme nnn oxajnnuxn son panor nnerennja
cnonec, xoje je oynex na Fanxany n snaunno noemanane npanna namepe n
ycmepanane noe. Ocmennnmn ce a n cam npenee ne raxne eonnne, p Ban Bnn
je na nnny mecra, ys can pnsnx moryher nocmexa (xojn, oyme nnje nsocrao y
pe]epary p Fopncnana Jonanonnha), emoncrnpao xaxo nsrnea npana nayuna
nocnehenocr n nnuna cpuanocr. Vxparxo n ce morno pehn a je nacrojao a
nnrepnperarnnno nornpn re npenoe npnmepnma ]nnorenercxnx moena
xomnaparnnne nnnrnncrnxe, ys nomronane youene nymeponomxe saxonnrocrn
ynnnxannje n peynnnxannje rpa]ema, xao n ananem npnmepa ns ynopene anannse
snaxona crapocymepcxor nncma. Bnnuancxo nncmo je, on cmarpa, nporonncmo n xao
perynapno nncmo ncronpemeno npema mnpnnn ynorpee nncmo xomynnxannje.
Haxon nayse y xojoj je ornopena npnrona nsnoxa ca noannma o crapnnn n
napnjerernnm npnmepnnma nahennx ocraraxa nncmenocrn neonnrcxor cncrema
cnmona y Jyroncrounoj Enponn, cnoj pe]epar je nsneo p Xapan Xapman ns
unncxe na remy nncmenocrn Hoynana n pyrnx pennnx cncrema nncana,
nacranajyhn ce na raj naunn na pa p Bnna ca cnojnm cynrnnnnm emapxannjama
rnnonornje ncrnnxrnnnnx opasana y nnnuancxom rnocapnjymy. Cnaxaxo, re cmo
rese mornn a npounramo n na cajry Hpencropnjcxa snana sa xojn cy rocnoa Bnn
n Xapman ann cnoje nncane npnnore, axo neh nncmo nnn y npnnnnn a npounramo
nnxone penarnnno anno ojanene crynje - Shann Winn M.M.: Pre-writing in
Southeastern Europe: The Sign System of the Vinca Culture ca 4000 BC, Calgary,
1981; Haarmann H., Early Civilization and Literacy in Europe. An Inquiry Into
Cultural Continuity in the Mediterranean World, Berlino, New York, 1995.;
Haarmann, H., On the Nature of Old European Civilization and its Script, in "Studia
Indogermanica Lodziensia" vol II, Ldz, 1998.
3amopno je nno ryrnane nneymarcxor uexnha n npncycrno npenonona ca
enrnecxor jesnxa xojn nnje xreo a ce mema y cnoj nocao, raxo a cy nsnoxenn
pe]eparn ocrann uax n es mnnnmannor caonmrena nexor caxerxa na cpncxom
jesnxy, a mro n cnrypno nomorno onnma xojn cy ronnxo npeme crpnnno uexann
ceehn y cronnnama ne nosnajyhn onono enrnecxn jesnx. Cne ro crnopnno je
yrncax ayrncrnunocrn ne camo axaemcxor cxenrnnnsma, neh n nepconannor
connncnsma. Vronnxo je remneparypy nonrna npnmea p Foxnapa Mnrponnha,
xojn je npnmerno xaxo nnje nn cnomenyr najsnarnnjn cpncxn ncrpaxnnau
nnnuancxe xynrype n uonex xojn je nnonnpcxn nperao a npyxn nenonnr npenor
nmunranana cnonnnx snaxona nnnuancxor nncma, p Pannoj Hemnh. Berona
ncrpaxnnana - Dr Radivoj Peic, Scrittura di Vinca prima sistematisazzione,
Milano: Instituto di Studii Orientali, 1985, sa 34 table u publikaciji, snaunna cy
neouexnnann saoxper y naynn, ysnemnpnnmn axaemcxy jannocr y Hrannjn n
138
pyrnm semama. Ca rnm caunnananem npne nenonnre cncremarnsannje
nnnuancxor nncma, oxasao je a je ro xao nncmo najcrapnjn nosnarn nnnepann
cncrem ca 26 cnona (ener mnnennjyma npe pohena Xpncronor), rj. npnn yxnap y
ycxoj ncropnjn. Hemnhen pa je crexao craryc penonynnonapnor orxpnha y
cnercxoj naynn, ann je ro orxpnhe xo nac nno nrnopncano, a o 1987. ronne n
xecroxo ocnopanano. Koncrarannja a es neronnx meroonomxn ojennanajyhnx
nanasa ncrpaxnnaun nehe ycnern am anexo a omaxny, noxpenyna je pacnpany o
nennnama n npenocrnma sa xojy ce neponano, a y armoc]epn npnnnuno
cxyuennx nornea n remxo sapaxenor yxa crapom oxom apxeonomxor
pannonannor marepnjannsma, remxo moxe n a ce nocrann xao nnrane. Vocranom,
nope ycronyuene nenpoojnocrn marepnjanncrnuxe napanrme cy nnax cannjane
jep je npererno cranonnmre peannopnocrn anannsa xoje ce npn nonyhennm
apre]axrnuxnm marepnjannjama ajy mncnnrn. Jom je p Mnnoje M. Bacnh no
ynepen a ypesann ysnann na xepamnuxnm nasama ns Bnnue sor peocnea
ynncnnana n nnxonnx rpynncana nmajy npenocr n snauene cnona, es osnpa na
ro mro cy nam nenosnarn - "Tn peonn onaxnnx snaxona nsnecno cy narnncn, xoje
rpea paspemnrn." /Miloje M. Vasic, Praistoriska Vinca I, Beograd, 1932./, nyehn
uax saomrpennje mnmene y cnojnm pannjnm paonnma Die Hauptergebnisse der
prehistorischen Ausgrabung in Vinca im Jahre 1908, Prahistorische Zeitschrift, Bd.
II, 1910, s. 23-39; Die Datierung der Vincaschicht, ibid., Bd. III, 1911., s. 126-132.
Cnnuno je xoncraronao n jean o najnehnx nayunnx ayropnrera sa npancropnjy
onor nexa, p Iopon uajn, cxnarajyhn remeno snauene xoje orxpnhe nnnuancxe
xynrype n nncma nma sa npancropnjy: Gordon Childe, The Danube in Prehistory,
London, 1929., p. 32-33. Tom remom nosaanno ce n M. Ieoprnen y pay Huc+euu
suau u uamnucu us Buu:e, npenaxyhn na ocnony paona M. Bacnha n nnacrnrnx
ncrpaunnana. jeny ne am saoxpyxeny n jacny cncremarnsannjy: M. Georgiev,
Pismennie znaki i natpisi iz Vin~i, - Sbornik ruskogo arheologi~eskogo obtestva v
korol. Jugoslavii, t. III, Beograd, 1941, str. 175 i d. V pay Banua-uace+e euu:aucre
rv.mvpe, ojanenom y pyroj cnecnn Myseja rpaa Feorpaa 1961. ronne,
apxeonosn Jonan Tooponnh n Anexcanpnna Hepmanonnh ojannnn cy pesynrare
ncrpaxnnana xoje cy nsnenn o 1955. o 1957. ronne. Onn cy saxyunnn ns
concrnennx ncrpaxnnana apre]axara na noxannrery Fannna a cy no onnxy
ncronernn ca onnma ns Bnnue, a no xomnaparnnnoj anannsn marepnjana ca cnnunnx
nanasnmra (Xprxonnn y Cpemy, Iopna Tysna y Focnn, Kopmann y Jaxony,
Kannmeran y Feorpay nr.) - "a ce one ne pan o snannma cnojnne, neh o jenom
opehenom n neh ynanpe osnauenom cnmony nnn nojmy, xojn je nspaxen nomohy
onnx snaxona" (Jonan Tooponnh n Anexcanpnna Hepmanonnh, Banua uace+e
euu:aucre rv.mvpe, Feorpa, 1961, crp. 42). Ca ynepenem nayunnxa xojn cy
nomreno nsnenn ennennnony nponeypy nponene nahenor marepnjana, onn
xoncraryjy a nnnuancxoj nncmenocrn mnorn pyxonononn apxeonomxnx
ncrpaxnnana nncy noxnonnnn yxny naxny, saxyuyjyhn: "na xpajy cmarpamo a
sa caa jom ynex croje rymauena M. Bacnha o onnm snannma, a xoje je on ao npe
ronnxo ronna. Mnmena cmo a ona rymauena ycmepanajy crynje yyhnx
nanasaua y onom npanny. V onom namem xparxom nperney, xenenn cmo a
ynosnamo sannrepeconane crpyunaxe o onnm nanasnma n saxyunnma, xao n a
oxaxemo a ocaamna rymauena onnx snaxona xao snaxona cnojnne ne mory a ce
139
opxe y apxeonornjn".(Hcmo, cmp. 43). Cneyjyhn onaxnom nmnyncy
naronemrennx nepcnexrnna ncrpaxnnana p Pannoj Hemnh je npernocranno ony
nnnnnnsannjy sa xonenxy cnercxe nncmenocrn: "Cnrypno je a je remxo cxnarnrn
unnennny o nocrojany nnneapnor nncma y raxo yoxoj npomnocrn. Horpeno je
mnoro aprymenara a ncmo ce ynepnnn y nncmeny xomynnxannjy npancropnjcxor
cnera. C xnm je ro on xomynnnnpao nncmom, ca cnojnm npnjareem, ca cnojom
noponnom, c nncrnrynnjama, ca camnm coom nnn ca yyhnm cnerom? Moxa ca
cnnma. Ann on je nosnanao ymehe nncana. H o rome ocranno pojna cneouancrna.
Jep, axo je noxasao cmncao sa reomerpnjcxo ocmnmanane npocropa, mro je
pesynrar nosnanaa nponopnnja, a ono pesynrar nosnanana poja, axo je noxasao
cmncao sa ocehaj pnrma, mro je nornpno ynorpeom xomrane cnnpane n axo je,
xonauno, noxasao nsyseran ap sa ecrercxo onnxonane xamena ocexyhn nncoxn
ymernnxxn nnno nnxonnor nspasa, on nac ne nsnenahyje n oxymenrannjom o cnojoj
nncmenocrn...Cnnxonnr npnxas onor nponeca aje xopen y maremarnnn, a ro je
xopen cnona unja rpn enemenra nanasnmo ynpano xpaj cnaxor ornnmra n xprnennxa
y crannmrnma Henencxor nnpa. axne, xao cacrannn eo onrapa, xao cam onrap. Jep
cnono n nnje nnmra yro o onrap c xora ce xpehe y peanno n nonnpe y onocrpano."
(Radivoje Peic, Vincansko pismo, Beograd, 1995., str. 112-113.) Beue je ounro nno
ncnyneno ronannrerom peannocrn, ann ca nonnpanem y onocrpano nmno je rexe. C
jene crpane saomrpanana je resa o moryhem npnosaunnyhem excxnysnnnom
nocey nncmenocrn Fanxanana (Cnonena nnn Cpa), a c pyre crpane oronapano
na ny ne camo nayunnm cxenrnnnsmom, neh n enncremonomxnm arnocrnnnsmom
xojn n npernocranao a ce mnmene orpannuana camo na rnany (yx n yma, rj
cpenmre uyncrnenocrn xao reno rena, xao a cy camo mpauna npenpexa y rom
nocny). unnorenercxn cyncrpar xojn xonsepnarnnno cnen ]onxnopncrnxa, cacnnm
je opa nnycrpannja orpannuenocrn raxnor naunna samnmana crnapn n
saysnmana cranonnmra, nansrne ynaxennje nponene xo ncnoanana mohn
cyhena xoja n ce noxasana opxnnnjom y npocyhnnany.
Cyrpaan je cxyn noueo penarnnno mnpno ca nsnaranem pe]epara p
Fopncnana Jonanonnha, xojn je ounro onnaro npe]epnmyhn npenopyxy r. Hnxone
Tacnha ca npehyrnom npernom o rome xaxo mory a ce nponey onn xojn ne yy
onpesnn, napajao re cy cne apxeonosn saaann cnoje amonunhe no Cpnjn n xaa
n xaxo nx je pyxonono noxojnn npo]. Cpejonnh, re mra cy ramo nope jesepa Bnacna
uax n neanno namnn na npenopyxy pnapa, ann nn peun ne nsycrnnmn o rnannoj
remn cxyna. V noronoj ncxycnjn na nnrane mra on mncnn o crarycy nncma, snaxona
nnn cnmona, oronop na enrnecxom nnje no nnmano jacan jep je nopasymenao a cy
cne ro camo exoparnnnn enemenrn nmapann norpeom a nnnuannn norpome
cnoono npeme o oanesa npexnnanana, ann ce ry y cnoj nocao ymemao nexaxo n
npenonnan, caonmranajyhn xaxo je npo]ecop camo apxeonor n nnje y crany a
oronopn na raxno nnrane. Hanomenyo cam camo a n rpeano a cy n rocnoa Bnn
n Xapman raxohe apxeonosn, ann a cy onn nnn y crany a ajy cacnnm cynncne
nornpne oronope. Vcnenna je naysa, a naxon ne je r. Jonanonnhy npocrao jom camo
nnnnsam xojnm je noaao caronopnnxe. Pe]epar npo]ecopa p Forana Fpyxnepa
naa pehn a je no ncnpnan y norney nsnomena pasmnmana yn xojn cy ce
annnn nporoanxancxom nncmenomhy, npe cnera no rome mro je nnje onono y
nnrane, sa pasnnxy o nporexne enennje re je omrpo nerarnnncrnuxn ocnopanao
140
rese p Pannoja Hemnha no cnnunnm nnrannma. Hoxnanno je mro je p Fpyxnep
nornyno npomenno mnmene saxnayjyhn unrany xnnra rhe Mapnje Inmyrac n
nennx yuennxa, ann nnje sa noxnany ro mro nn onom npnnnxom nnje namao sa cxono
a ce ap nocpeno nsnnnn n nsrnan necnopasyme (roxom opxanana cxyna nnno je
nno a je p Fpyxnep cnjao o saonocrna, a necnopno je a n n p Hemnh
onaxnnm cxynom xao nayunnx no cnrypno npesaonoan). H r. Ieopr Hasaponnnn
nocmarpao je snaxe n cnmone nnnuancxor nncma xao asy noaraxa yxonnox
xnnora. oyme, nerona xena Kopnennja-Mara ca remom o snannma n cnonnma
Kyxyrenn-xynrype sapxana ce na uncro ecrercxoj pannn xepamnuxe exopannje.
Bennxo je y cnaxom cnyuajy ono mro ce oronno xao npeonnahnnane resa ca
nornpama nncma y Bnnun n o p Fpyxnepa, nncna nosnare Iomonane. He naa,
mehyrnm, npehyrarn nn ono mro je ycnenno y naysn, yyhn a ana nopnnnuno
ryxno cnerno na pyry crpany onnjana onor cxyna. Hen Hoan Mapnep xao
oprannsarop (npexo Kann]opnnjcxor Vnnnepsnrera oesenna ce ]nnancnjcxn
pacnonaxyhn nennxnm yrnnajem npexo cnor npnnarnor ncrnryra n na CAHV),
ycxparnna je moryhnocr sa mnpe opasnoxene resa ocrnrnyrnx y paonnma p
Hemnha (xao a je y nnrany cyxpnnuana Hen Maxer), ca cmemnnm nsronopom o
nomronany oronopene carnnne xoja n na cnmnosnjymy rpeana a naxn (maa cy
nojennn pe]eparn unrann n cyrpaan, a ncxycnje cy c osnpom na npecrnx
xopnmhene camo y mepn y xojoj je nen Mapnep oronapano, na je unpcro pxehn
mnxpo]on anana nnn ycxpahnnana ynyhnnana nnrana n opasnoxena). To mro je p
Mnrponnh cnomenyo cen noxojnor npo]. Hemnha, a mro je ynopenno ca Fanxonom
cenn xoja ce naxon cmprn nojanyje na npocnann cnojnx ersexyropa y Bexcnnponom
Maroemv, xao a je nononena crnap.
Vronnxo je nennxo nosnrnnno nsnenahene nno nsnarane r. Anpeja
Craponnha, xycrocra Haponor myseja y Feorpay, xojn je cxpenyo naxny a je
nnnuancxo nncmo nocnno neuar ynorpenor nncma xomynnxannje nsa xor je
najneponarnnje crajao n aexnaran jesnx, yyhn a je nehnna nnnuancxnx snaxona
nornnano ns onunnx xyha n nnxone ynorpee y cnaxonennnn. Hocernmo a je p
Pannoj Hemnh anno nanncao: V Bnnun je ynpano n nponahen marepnjan (craryere
n sena /T. II-IV/) c nehnm narnncnma, xojn omoryhyjy mnpy anannsy. Ann raj
marepnjan yxasyje n na ro a nnnuancxa cnona nncy cnyxnna camo a osnaue
panonnny, onocno majcropa xepamnuxor ena, neh n a ncxaxy nsnecno rpajnnje
caonmrene. Bnpoxo pacnpocrpanena ynorpea nncma oxas je a je ono cnyxnno sa
xomynnxannjy, a je nno cncremarnsonano, a jacnoha onnxa cnona ronopn o
cnrypnoj, ynexanoj (ncnncanoj) pynn cnnxapa."/ Radivoje Peic, Vincansko pismo i
drugi gramatoloki ogledi, Beograd: Peic i sinovi; Milano: Dugan, 1995., str. 24-25/
Hcxonanana y xojnma je cam r. Craponnh yuecrononao xao n ncrpaxnnana pyrnx
apxeonora nornpnna cy a je ys nnx nno unrano omahnncrno, a one neonnrcxe xyhe
orxpnnene cy uax na xnay noxannja n nnjena o nnx nnje nna es snaxona na
xepamnnn. Te nopyxe cy nne onmre opo, a ne npnnnnernja nojennana nnn
npecrannnxa ennre, mro je cnaxaxo cacnnm pyraunjn cran o neannor xopn]eja
name apxeonornje, xojn je nncao: "Hnx npaua, mamana, apxnrexre n cxynnropa,
yonnuanao ce ynopeo ca nponecom noene paa, ro jecr cne nehnm npemomenem
yxnocrn xoje je saxrenana rpannnonanna marnjcxo-pennrnjcxa npaxca na jenor
nnn nexonnxo unanona sajennne, 3ajennna ce na onaj naunn ocnoahana ena
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oanesa, ann ce onnm nnnecrnpanem cne nnme opnnana nocnehenocrn y rajne
npnpoe. Taxo je y cnaxonennom xnnory npemenom crnopen yox jas nsmehy
npo]anor n caxpannor, nsmehy onor mro je cnaxom ocrynno n onor mro je rajno n
ocrynno camo nojennnnma. /. Cpejonnh, Oe.eou o opeeuof v+emuocmu, Feorpa,
1998., crp. 61/ / Fes osnpa na opeheny esorepnunocr, xojy cnax nocnehennje
anene nexnm yxonnnm sannmanem npernocrana, onaxan yox jas mehy ynma
y xomynnxannjn nsrnea a xoncrpynmy yn cxnonn monenxayeponcxoj
necnmncrnuxoj mnsonornjn. Bnnuancxa xynrypa je, es cymne, nornpno je r.
Craponnh ca yehenem xoje je xao cnex ax yneo y cxyn n p Bnn, nmana cncrem
nncmene xomynnxannje xojn je cnnma no ocrynan, jep nponahenn xoman eunjnx
]nrypnna ca snaxonnma xao a yxasyjy a je y nexoj mxonn sa najmnahe re ce namno
moryhnocrn sa noyuanane y ncnpranany rnx snaxona. Hpo]ecop Xapman je nsneo
sannmnna nopehena nnnuancxor (on xopncrn n nojam crapoenponcxor nnn
ynancxor) nncma ca snaxonnma nahennm y Tpojn, na Kpnry, y Knococy,
Meconoramnjn, axne, o nonesanocrn crapoenponcxnx n pennoerejcxnx sannca. Onn
cy namnn cnoj xacnnjn nyr, uax nocne xnay ronna o ynorpee y Enponn, o
Meconoramnje n o cymepcxe nnxrorpa]nje, n ro nyrem rpronnne n pasmene, cacnnm
nsnecno y nnmecrpyxoj ]ynxnnjn. C rnme cy oneenn y nesy n nanasn na noxannrery
Bnacan c nouerxa cemor mnnennjyma npe pohena Xpncronor, xojn cy ory crapnjn cy
o nenencxnx, a nncmo xoje je neanno naheno na orxpnnenom xprnennxy cy
najcrapnja enponcxa nopyxa npancropnjcxor uonexa. Tpea nocernrn a je
nnnuancxo nncmo sa nynnx 20 nexona crapnje o onor nporocymepcxor ns 3100.
ronne npe pohena Xpncronor.
Hsnarane r. Mapxa Mepnnnnja o npennmnnapnnm anrponomerpnuxnm
anannsama Hpojexra Taprapnja ne moxe a ce xaxe a je nno na nnnoy neh
cnponeennx ncrpaxnnana. anno cy, xo ceonera Taprapnja, nponahene y jamn sa
xprnonane rpn rnnnene nanyxne rannne nope cnpxennx ycxnx xocrnjy, sajeno
ca 26 rnnnennx, panonnnuancxnx ]nrypa, ne anaacrepcxe ]nrype n jenom
napyxnnnom ca saronernnm snannma. Pymyncxn apxeonor Hnxonae Bnaca, ojanno je
pa o onom noxannrery(1963), re je noxasao a cy snann ypesann na Taprapcxe
rannne nnn npno cnnunn, a nexn n nenrnunn ca snannma cymepcxor
nnxrorpa]cxor nncma (oxo 3100. ronne npe Xpncra), xoje je n anac yonuajeno
cmarpano sa npno nncmo y ycxoj ncropnjn. Hemauxn cymeponor Aam
uanxenmrajn 1965. ronne je yrnpno a je nncmenocr y Taprapnjn nonnxna no
yrnnajem Cymepana, a ne ronne xacnnje apxeonor M. C. Xy saxyuno je a one
rannne nemajy nnxaxnnx onpa ca nncmenomhy. Ennnenrap one xynrype je y
Bnnun, re je npna ncxonanana oanno npo]ecop Mnnoje M. Bacnh 1908. ronne, o
nouerxa rnpehn a snann ypesann na nnnuancxoj xepamnnn mory a yy cnona
nexor nenosnaror nncma. Tex ca orxpnhem Taprapcxnx rannna, onrnxa apxeonomxe
nayxe oxpenyna ce roj npernocrannn. Hemepnn onpnnoc pasymenany snaxona
nnnuancxe nnnnnnsannje ao je npo]ecop p Pannoje Hemnh, cncremarnsyjyhn
anne 1985. ronne snaxe y nnnuancxo nncmo, ca unme je oxasao a je ro najcrapnje
nncmo y cnery, mnoro crapnje o ernnarcxnx xnjepornn]a n ]ennuancxor xnnnacror
nncma. Pycxn apxeonor F. Hepnon ycneo je a oronerne n a cynncnn npeno jene
o Taprapcxnx rannna saxnayjyhn ynopnnm ncrpaxnnannma jenor pyror
cymeponora, A. Kn]nmnna: 3a npeme uerpeceror xnexenana, y nouacr ora Ba,
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crapemnna je pnryanno cnaen. On je ecern no pey. Hocne yroronmnnx
ncrpaxnnana, on je saxyuno a cy Taprapcxe rannne nspas mnpoxo
pacnpocrpanenor cncrema nncmenocrn noxannor cranonnnmrna, a a sannce na
rannnama rpea unrarn xpyxno, opnyro o cmepa xasaxe na uaconnnxy. To
cneoun n o moryhnocrn nocrojana npne oprannsonane pxane y ycxoj ncropnjn,
na npocropy nsmehy pexa ynan n nenap, xoja ce snana Apara, ca cranonnnnnma
xojnma je nna nosnara rajna opae merana, ynorpea rouxa, snana ns acrponomnje n
cnaxaxo nncmenocrn. Apary naano nornphyjy apre]axrn ns Bnnue xoja je nna nena
nperxonnna y camom ennnenrpy one oprannsonane sajennne. Cnao je mra y
pe]epary r. Mepnnnnja onpnneno ynosnanany ca pennom nncmenomhy, ann je saro
oner onaj xanem opnjenrannnx npnmara xpenyo ca namoranannma cne o rymauena
nanonor unna xprnonana n xannanncrnuxor menrannrera xoje re rannne
nspaxanajy. Ha ro cy pearonann n r. Bnn, Xapman, Fpyxnep n Craponnh, raxo a je
nponao noxymaj ounror sacrpannnana, es osnpa na nnmecarny xnnanocr
opxanana rpnanncrnuxor arannsma n rnnnuno sananoenponcxor annmosnrera
npema nanonom ncrounoenponcxom napnapcrny.
Hpano nsnenahene npnpeno je n p ymxo Anexconcxn ca cnojnm pe]parom:
The origin of the Vinca script in rock art symbolism, y xome je nornpno nsnop
nncmenocrn na Fanxany. Ha ro ce ocmenno npoyuananem paona Xapona Xapmana n
Mapnje Inmyrac, nanasehn y Kamenoj ymernocrn onyny xoja ana nensmepno
naxno cnerno nancropnjy nnnuancxor nncma. On je y mnpoxom nyxy ynosopno
cnymaone xaxo je cnecran a ono oorahnnane ncropnjcxnx snana xoje onasn ca
pernje Fanxana (Cpnje n Hpne Iope, Maxeonnje, Fyrapcxe, Ipuxe, Pymynnje,
Mahapcxe, uax enom n Xpnarcxe)...will felicitate in the comprehensive defining the
Vintcha letter. V rom nncmy yrpahen je n xonexrnnnn yx xojn he pernon Fanxana
ae a pasnnja n cnponon, a nma nexe cnnunocrn ca rock-art nepcoexrnnom xoja
nopasymena ymennocr emonnonanne nnrennrennnje, ann n ancrpaxrny moh
e]nnncana snauena xoja he xao nopyxa mypocrn a oncrane ynyhena n y nexonny
yyhnocr ecxpaja. H p Hemnh je pannje y cnnunom yxy (ne naa saopannrn a je
n cam nennxn eo xnnora nponeo y Maxeonnjn), ynosopno na njarpam nonmana
sajennne aycrpannjcxnx Aopnunna xojn npecrana n nnxon pymrnenn npocrop n
npeme xojn je ananoran onom xo pennnx Bnnuanana, a npemenonana ror npemena
capxano je y nopyxama ympnnx, ncnprannx na nnxonnm rennma nnn ypesanor y
xameny nope nera xao penpesenrn nnn "xamnunn yme": Hpannna one saxonnrocrn
ncnprana cy na nnxonnm rennma, ann n na xamnunnma ca xojnma cy caxpannnann
noxojnnxe n na xojnma je no ypesnnan nnn ynncan snax xojn je no "orncax yme
noxojnnxa", ory n nasnn "xamnunn yme". Taxnn "xamnunn yme" orxpnnenn cy n y
nehnnn Mas d` Asil y Apnjexy, unja je xpononornja erepmnnncana na oxo 10.000
ronna crapocrn. Ha nnma je npnennm oxepom ncnncano jom nenosnaro nncmo, xoje
moxa nnje camo "orncax yme npeaxa", neh n cncrem jenor nnneapnor nncma xoje
hemo nahn n na ocrannm apxeonomxnm noxannrernma y cnery." /p Pennoj Hemnh,
Onryxyjem hyrane, Feorpa: nemnh n cnnonn, 2001., crp. 30-31/. Cmarpajyhn
sajeno ca Anpe Hepoa-Iypanom a je cacnnm ncnpanna resa xaxo je nncmenocr
uoneuancrna (nprnne n ypesn cxopo ncre xao na xepamnnn Bnnua-xynrype) crapa 28
mnnennjyma npe pohena Xpncronor, on je nsneo ynepene a je nnnuancxo nncmo
crapo ener mnnennjyma npnpoan npoyxerax re nncmenocrn. To ypesnnane nnje
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exopncane xoje n npernocranano nsmnmane snaxonnnx cncrema, jep je
ocrnapeno xao nncmo y xonrnnynpanoj xomynnxannjn na nenom npocropy Fanxana,
mro je moryhe oxymenronarn apre]axrnma, mro je r. Anexconcxn n yunnno sa onacr
ncrounor ena anamne Maxeonnje. H ne camo ro, nosnrnnna eneprnja neronor
ynepena a raj xonrnnynrer rpaje y jyroncrounoj Enponn n o anac, npocro nac je
sanycnyna y cnaxnom samaxy. Tome cy ce npnpyxnnn p Xapman ca onnunnm
youananem xaxo noopnnnn rese o yrnnajy ]ennuxor na xoncrnrynnjy rpuxor
Hnneapa Fe nncma nemajy opasnoxene sa nocrojane rnacona xn, ncn n ]n, re p
Aamanrnoc Camncon ns Ipuxe ca cnojnm oxasnma o yrnnajy nnnuancxe xynrype y
npnmopcxoj n ocrpncxoj Ipuxoj (Knxnan, Jypa n Keoc,unnaxonn), noxasyjyhn n
jeny nnounny ca uernpn pea narnnca, xao oxas nnnuancxe nncmenocrn ns nepnoa
neonnra, xojy je nponamao xycroc myseja Anexcanapa Bennxor. H p Fpyxnep ce na
onom cxyny nnno ocmenno n nosnrnnno ornopno sa xeypncrnuxn cmncao
ncrpaxnnana, ca onacxom a je ro rorono hnpnnnna. p Anexconcxn je nanasno
oxase y nehnncxoj ymernocrn na nncoxnm nnannnama, xao n nenocpeno na repeny y
Maxeonnjn (Kparono, Fnro, Pocya, Iyrannn), ca ocaa nenosnarnm nnounnama
xoje cneoue o pacnpocrpanenocrn nnnuancxe nncmenocrn no namnm xpajennma.
3annmnno je nerono rymauene npanena snaxa rauxe xao mannx yyennx
xynnna, xojnma nncy npomapann camo apre]axrn ca nncmom, neh n npnxasane ]nrype
y npocropy ns oa nnnuancxe xynrype. To cy snese xoje cnmonnmy ymy
nonopohenor nnn nax noxojnnxa, a na apre]axrnma nahennm y nrocxom pernony,
ypesnnane cy n sajeno ca snaxom xpcra npecranajyhn xonxperan xnnor nojennna.
pyrn pe]eparn cy nornpranann neonnrcxy ymernocr n moryhe opase y
canpemenoj ]onxnopncrnnn yrnannom xpos pe]epenrnn oxnnp paona Mapnje
Inmyrac, xao mro je r. Bnrayrac Tymenac yunnno sa nnrnancxy opnamenrnxy nnn
Tapac Txauyx sa rpnnocxo-xyxyrencxo xepamnuxo cnnxapcrno, ne remarnsyjyhn
nnnuancxy nncmenocr xao npecyny, neh nnme xao nnycrpannjy (a ce ona ca rnme
am n ne n cnoxnna, ynopen pa - Gimbutas Maria, The Sign System of Old Europe,
5500-4000 B. C., Quoterly Rewiew of Archeology, Williamstown, Massachusetts,
1984.). unopnn pamonean nsnecrnna je o snannma nncmenocrn ns xacnor neonnra,
nocehajyhn nac na snauajny 1875. ronny, xaa je npe 126 ronna Co]nja ]on Topma
janno caonmrnna a cy snann ypesann na apxeonomxom marepnjany ns Topoma y
Pymynnjn raxnn a nmajy cnoje snauene n nameny. Kao a je fire from within no n
ycnon sa npe]epennnje snauaja youanana nporo]enomena. Haneorpa]cxn noarax
orxpnnen na xepamnuxnm ]parmenrnma ns Bnnue, omoryhyje anexo mnpe
carneanane npocrnpana n pasnojnor nyra npnpoe ernnxa. Apxeonornja ce na onom
cxyny nnje annna rnm nnranem, nnje yrnpnna ernnuxy npnnanocr cnera
nnnuancxe xynrype, ann nam y rome mory nomohn ynpano rparonn capmarcxe xynrype
n nope rora mro je ona npemencxn ronnxo mnoro yaena o Bnnue. Haneorpa]cxn
noarax ns Bnnue, orxpnnen je n y capmarcxom marepnjany ca nopyuja asnjcxor ena
Pycnje npecrana monorpam nenamxor oxancrna omarpnoc, xaxo cy ro yrnpnnn
pycxn naneorpa]n. Hayxa je neh oxymenronano yrnpnna a je omarpnoc xao
nenamxo xroncxo oxancrno, jeno o najcrapnjnx nosnarnx oxancrana na Fanxany,
xoje cy nope Henacra n no yrney na nnx, nomronann n Kpnhann, axo ro nncy nnn
n camn Henacrn na Kpnry. Cem capmarcxor monorpama xojn je cnpcran y cncrem
capmarcxor nncma n nnnuancxor xepamnuxor ]parmenra na xome je ypesan monorpam
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nenamxor oxancrna, nocrojn n rsn. M-nnroc xao marpnnnneapno oxancrno xoje
je cxono cnonencxom ynaxanany xencxor nona. p Anexconcxn noxasao nam je na
enexroncxom npojexropy amynerny nnounny xoja ynyhyje a na nenane nonono nhn
xaa nsahe cynne, ann raxohe n amyner na xome je ypesan snax xpcra n cynne nsna
nera xoje cacnnm noceha na rsn. noennuxo cynne nnn ono xoje ce nanasn na
rponnma n sacranama maxeonxnx nnacrnja n anamne pxane. omarpoc (snax
moxe a ce onnme xao xannrenno cnono enra ca cnomennm poronnma na npxy,
cyrepnme nam crannmre xoje je y ncro npeme n cpenmre narpe, ornnmre, xao
nnnnnjanny eneprnjy (ory n nsnop cnernocrn), ann n crannmre xao mnxpoxocmoc n
xao nenrap cnera /morno n ce pehn a je ersncrennnja nosnnnja cymrnne n
ncronpemeno camo crane nnhena crnapnocrn rj. cneronana cnera/. Cnona M,
Hcn, Hn n un xao n craponenencxn HA sacnrypno cy nmencxa nasnauena
npnmonjannnx eneprnja Foxnjnx xoje cy na raj naunn pynmenrapno nasnauene, ann
raxohe xasyjy onono o cpuanocrn n ycyhnnany a ce noune n sanoune, a ce xao y
nosnnjem nmenocnannrecrny yremen nnnnnnsannja n xynrypa. Orxpnha rparona
pennnx xynrypa c onora npocropa, ounrneno he oarno cnaxnrn remee reopnje,
npenasnnasehn rnme onaj xojn cy nmane xao anrepnarnnne reopnje na nnrepneroncxnm
ennnxnonenjama. 3nauajno nam je a n onnx nnrepnperarnnno nornpnnnx ener
mnnennjyma nnuancxe nncmenocrn y yyhnocrn yy npe ounma, caamnn cnopnn
xonrnnynrer re nncmenocrn o anamnnx ana xao nemro jom ynex remxo
npnxnarnno y canpemennm reopnjama n nejnnm crpyjannma, jep nocrojn nannxa na
cacnnm pyraunja ocaamna rymauena xoja cnojy ynepnnocr ouynanajy yrnannom
saxnayjyhn necnyranannm mnoroxparnnm nonanannma. Cnomennmo crora, uncro
xao npnmep, n saxyuxe xojn cy nam crnrnn ns npnmenenor npnpoocnona, a
onoce ce na nsyuanane rsn. eeHKa ]axropa y ycxom nacnehy, carneananom y
npemencxoj nmensnjn npema noannma ns apxeonomxnx apre]axara n ocraraxa
]paxrypa ycxnx ysopaxa. Hayunnnn ns Hrannje, Pycnje, Hpcxe, uemxe, Ipuxe n
Hspaena nornpnnn cy a HK ]axropn nornuy ns nepnoa o 60 o 10 mnnennjyma
npe pomena Xpncroconor, re a ce y nocnena na mnnennjyma on ne mena y neuoj
pasmepn o uernpn o ceam nponenara. Ona crannnocr je ycraena naxon neenor
oa (sa xoje n Mnnyrnn Mnnanxonnh cmarpa a je rnannjanno asenronano jenno
pernje anamne Jyroncroune Enpone nnn sanprano yxnap mnpena xao nonasny
ocnony npema M. Fynmnpy) na ornpnnnxe 20 mnnennjyma npe pohena Xpncroconor.
V nynnxannjn Genetic Legacy of Paleolitic Homo sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y-
Chromosome Perspective, Science, Vol. 290, 1155-1159., Nov. 10., 2000., noxasano je
a je rnannjannn renercxn xo nrexaxo npncyran npncyran y noronoj renercxoj
crpyxrypn cranonnnmrna. Brannme, renercxn nsno M173 n M170 xao
xapaxrepncrnuan sa 85 nponenara nonynannje o naneonnrcxnx npemena, mnpno ce na
cenepnoenponcxn apean es nehnx npomena nnn necrajana. To je jom jean nocpean
oxas y npnnor nosnrnnnoj xonsepnarnnnocrn ]nnorenercxnx crpyxrypa rpannnje,
xojn n canpemeno cpncxo nncmo y neronom nopexny n ynorpen noxasyje xao anexo
snauajnnje sa oronerane pennnx saronerxn, neronn mro je o caa ro jesnuxo naro
xoje raxno nncmo ouynanano, nno npnmennnano y ncrpaxnnannma n yonmre
cponnm anennma y nnrannma nacranxa n nopexna pernonanne n onmre
nncmenocrn xojy nnnnnnsannja enexn n neryje.

145

IV

Cneouanc1na o Cpnua y panou cpenenexonny

1. O naannu e1annua y panocpenenexonnnu onncnua Cnonena

V Hpoxonnjenom eny o rorcxnm paronnma (VI, 15), Cnonenn n Anrn ce
onncyjy xao nncoxn n jaxn yn npnenxacre oje rena n xoce, re a ne pnny sa
nnuny xnrnjeny n cranyjy y pamrpxannm n cxpomnnm xonnama o nara n pnera.
Bnma ne nnaa jean uonex n o annnna xnne ocnonno - r i, napocxn
onyuyjyhn o crnapnma y sajennnn. Cxpomne pnene rpahennne norone cy sor
cnpemnocrn a ce nanycre no norpen, a ce nanycrn nopyuje na xom cy onranann.
V opama ce cnyxe xonnma n mrnronnma n ne noce rpuxo-pnmcxe xnrone n
onacane orpraue, nero nanranone (oi) mro my nsrnea neoma neyrneno, ne
nponymrajyhn nexonnxo nyra npnnnxy a nx nasone napnapnma, na my uax n rnaconn
xoje uyje snyue neyrnaheno napnapcxn (rr g oJ o). (Proc.
Hist. de bell. Got. VI, 15)
On je oanemren a Cnonenn o xojnma nnme nomryjy jenor ora xojn je
rnopan n rocnoap cner ypehenor cnera, xprnyjy ys nnxy n cnaxaxne cnernne. Vcy ne
ocnaxyjy, nero y nenon nnn npnnnxom cmprn nnn onecrn nnn rnnena y pary,
npnnoce xprne nenannne ory, rpaxehn cnacene. Onn ncxasyjy nomronane npema
pexama n nnm]ama n pyrnm oxancrnnma (i), n cnnma nnma npnnoce
xprne, rarajyhn npema nnma. (Hpoxonnje, Hcm. o pamoeu+a Ioma, VI, 15; n De
aedificiis III noarax a cy Cnonenn naceenn cne o Apnjanonoa).
Teo]nnaxr Cnmoxara nononnnom cemor nexa onncyje Cnonene y cnojnm
xponnxama (VI, 2) xao ye xojn espnxno xnne. Onn onaxy opyxje n ysnmajy
nnpe a samene parne rpye, mro cneoun y npnnor resn o mnpoynnom n
oponamepnom napoy, nonyr uynennx orpuxnx crapnnana na ynany, Anja (nnn
Henacnnnnxa), xaxo nam o nnma neno nena necnnx yann n cmprn, Xomep:

Homro Tpojanne npnmaxne n Xexropa x nahama or 3enc
On y uemepy n rpyy nenpecranom ocrann opne,
A cam nonyue nasa nncrane oun n morpnrn
Crane semy, y noj mro xonorojnn Tpauann xnne,
Mnmann, opnn nsnnsa. Xnnemonsn nonocnn jom
Kojn ce mnexom xpane, n Anjn npanenn npno
(Xomep, H..13,1-6)

Hoxannja re 3enc rnea, naxon mro onparn norne o Tpojancxor para, jecre
Fanxan n nerono Hoynane. Hope Tpauana, Mnmana n Xnnemonra, cnomnne n
Anje xao 'najnpanennje mehy ynma'. Xomep ounrneno npn onncy yre ope
oxo axejcxnx naha namepno ncrnue one noynancxe nomae, xojn ce xpane n mnexom n
xojn cy najnehn uynapn npane. 3a nnx Mnnan Fynmnp xaxe: Ho Ecxnnonom onncy
146
nnxone seme, onn najnpanennjn n najcpehnnjn yn nnrn opy nnrn cejy, a nmajy
cnera ocra. Xnne xao naxenn Xnnepopejnn nnn xao yn ns snarno nexa, xaa je
npnpoa anana cne cama o cee. ('Hojane acxernsma y anrnuxom Hoynany', H.
Ca, IH, 1940., xn. XIII, cn. 41-42, c. 261)
One Xomepone noynancxe Anxe xojn cy ce cyspxann o Tpojancxor para,
maa cy na crpann Tpojanana yuecrnonann Henasrn, on nsnon ns nenamxe peun xojy
nanasn xo ernmonora Xecnxnja aoc, 'xona', na n Anjn nnn onn xojn ce nose na
xonnma. Bnxono nonamane noceha y cnaxom cnyuajy na naneenn onnc Cnonena xo
Teo]nnaxra Cnmoxare.
Mehy nocnennma xojn nnme o Cnonennma, xao n o Cpnma n Xpnarnma
nonmenne y X nexy, jecre Koncranrnn Hop]nporennr. Ha ocnony neronnx onnca
nnxonor pasmemraja, yrnannom ce na Cpe rnea xao na nexe ''ohome'' na Fanxany
xojn nncy camo napnapcxnx onuaja xaxo ro nponenyje Hpoxonnje, nero n neyrnenor
n poncxor nmena. Temxo a ce y ncropnjn moxe nahn neha cpompsnja o one xojy je
Hop]nporennr ncnono y cnom cnncy De administrando imperio (c. XXXII): Cpn ce
no pnmcxom njanexry poonnma nasnnajy (\), xao mro je cepyna sajennuxa
nomna o poona nasnana oyha (onannn?), n cepynnjann xaxo ce opo xaxe n sa
one xojn noce nsepany oyhy. Cpn he a nmajy raxan nasnn n no rome mro cy
nocrann poonn Pomejcxor xpaa.
He camo a cy rpuxn n xacnnjn nnsanrnjcxn ncropnuapn n xponnuapn
cncremarcxn nseranann nmenonane Cpa na Hoynany n 3axanxasjy, n a cy
ymecro rora ynonnn pasnnxonana ''xpaencxnx Cxnra'', ''Cxnra-opaua'' nnn Capmara,
noxymanajyhn na raj naunn a nspnmy n nme Cnonena ns ncropnje yonmre, neh cy
cnojom cnaom oanemrenomhy n nesannrepeconanomhy yrnnann a ce ro nojenaxo
onocn n na Hnnpe na Fanxany. 3ancra je moryhe a ce nomncnn xaxo cy raxnn napon
enomnnonann jom y crapo oa n a cy nnnpcxn napon n Cxnrn sanpano nocrojann
camo y ncropnjama noromaxa nnnx Axejana n opana nnn ecnnx Axanann npema
meconoramcxnm sanncnma. V raxo pasnnjanoj ncropnjn cnonencxn napon ocrann cy
rorono es nenrnrera, a n npxynan enomnnannje ycneno no naneenom
Hop]nropennronom nnrary, re cy Cpn 'no nnsanrnjcxom njanexry' nmenonann -
POFOBHMA.
60
3ancra, remxo a moxe a ce nahe cnnuan npnmep, a naxon ronnxo

60
pxnmo cacnnm ymecnnm xomenrap Mnnoma C. Mnnojennha, xojn nonoom onaxnnx resa xoncraryje:
''Crapn Ipnn nncy nnmra pyro o ocrann nojennx uaopa acnpcxnx, xojn cy ce, xao n Pamsecn y
Hrannjn, cmemann ca cpncxnm nnemennma xnnehnm ry, a raxo ncro n ocrann nojennx rpyna
Pamseconnx, nnn Cesocrpnca II, ernnarcxor napa (Oo.o+u ucmopufe Cpoa, I, Feorpa, 1872, crp. 180)
Fes norpee a ce ynymramo y nexy ncropnjcxn paspahnnany anrponoreorpa]cxy renesy nopexna
rpuxor xnna, jep onn nac sannmajy camo y mepn y xojoj ce rnuy nenocpenor ornnaja n yrnnaja na
naneonornuxy cnryannjy crapocpa n cnonencxnx napoa, cmarpamo a raxohe rpea oparnrn naxny
na jeny canpmeny njarnosy n ecxpajno nynnny nponeny cnryannje npemena y xojy ryrannn nap
Pomejcxor noramnenor nmnepnja cmemra Cpe xaxo nx on nnn xao poe Taxo ncro nnnmo a ca
Xaxanom anapcxnm y rpehem (oxo 676.) n uernprom (678.r.) noxoy paronaxy n Cpn na Conyn... Xaxan
onee npexo 270 000 rnana mymxnx n xencxnx poa rpuxor, ne pauynajyhn y ono eny n ocrano;
saysnma jenom peujy cne seme rpuxe nan Hapnrpaa.- Cnaxo he ce ynepnrn a Cpn nncy ncxann
seme o onnx, xojn nx nemaxy, nnrn cy nnn ronnxo rnynn, a ce ynymrajy y opy ca najnehom
cnnom n mnoxnnom anapcxom, camo saro, a nocrany rpuxe cnyre, a npornajy one ns nexaamne
pnmcxe napennne, na a camn paronono nonecy Ipnnma re seme sannnene cnojom xpny xao nexy
yxnocr cnojy cnoje mnje cnojenono nprny y uennunn japam rpuxn! Cnaxo he snarn a Cpn nncy
147
nexona nexcnuxo-ernmonomxor paa peu Cpnn o npnonrnor canesnnxa n
capannxa ye nporymauena n xao po. Cmemno nesnnane re ernmonornje sa onanxe
''cpane'' nornphyje ce n unnennnom a cy nocrann nnsanrnjcxn poonn. Fnnmn
napcxn o]nnnp n ynopnn ncrpaxnnau F. Pajxnnep, y cnojoj crynjn Xpuuhaucmeo
u B.ecoea rnuea, one xaracrpo]anne mornne enomnnannje youno je n y onacrn
pennrnje, nojenaxo xao n y onacrn ncropnje: Tpeano je nonnsnrn noehenn
napo a n ce ymannno nerono ocrojancrno, a raxo n pasno neron ornop. Ipnn cy,
y xen a ynnmre nenpnjarecxe orone unnnnn cne a y cehannma noehenor ne
ocrane nn ycnomena na re orone, na cy saro noxymanann a nopoennm naponma
namerny cnoje orone, nnn cy oronnma nopoennx napoa anann nmena rpuxnx
orona.
Hs Bnecone xnnre casnajemo a cy Ipnn nnn ne camo oe naopyxann o
Cnonena neh n a cy, xa ro cy ro mornn, unnnnn cne a nonnse noehene, a ynnmre
nnxone orone, onocno a pasope cnany nnxone npomnocrn. Ipnn cy uax noxymann
a nspnmy nme Cnonena ns ncropnje: onn cy y ncropnjn pasnnnn rsn. xnre a xacnnje,
na cnnuan naunn, n ncropnjy Capmara. H moxe ce pehn a cy y rome cxopo ycnenn.
Ipnn cy nmann npnmerno ncre onoce n ca Hnnpnma, xojn cy xnnenn na Fanxany n
oxo Japancxor mopa. Texcryanna rpannnja nac ynepana a cy Hnnpn ronopnnn
jesnxom xojn je necrao. Ja cam ynepen a cy nnnpcxn napon, xao n Cxnrn, nocrojann
camo y ncropnjn xojy cy pasnnjann ynpano Ipnn, jep cy Ipnn n ycnenn a nspnmy
nnxon npann nenrnrer, naxo nema cymne a cy nnnpcxn napon ronopnnn
cnonencxnm jesnnnma. (F. Pajxnnep, Xpnmhancrno n Benecona xnnra, y
sopnnxy Catena mundi, Fr., 1991. crp. 100).
Haneenn nnrar sanpano je yjeno n ojamnene cranona xoje je sacrynao
Koncranrnn Hop]nporennr, sa pasnnxy o anonnmnor anapcxor reorpa]a ns IX
nexa, axne neronor canpemennxa. Jep, nnramo nn ce, xaxo o jenom ncrom napoy y
nepnoy o 50. ronna mory a ce ajy ronnxo cymrnncxn onpeune xnann]nxannje,
ono mro nam ocraje sa ojamnene nnax cy mornnannonn ]axropn xojn croje y ocnonn
xee sa omnnannjom n noemanane unnennna npema saxrennma nenrapa mohn.
Hcrn ]enomen ncnonhe ce n y XX nexy y rsn. ''nopnjcxnm reopnjama'' xoje cy
sannaane y enponcxoj apxeorpa]njn, raxo a pennmo E. Hopen cmarpa Henasre n
nporocnonene crapoceeonnma na anxancxom rny, ann ra nasnna Crapa Enpona ns
cacnnm pyror mornna carneanana, nero uynenn apxeonor Mapnja Inmyrac.
Hopenon 'Alteuropeisch', onocno 'Pelasgisch' jecre npennoenponcxn n rnme
nennoenponcxn apean, raxo a nenacro-cnanncrnuxy aprymenrannjy npocro ynanpe
oanyje. Taxo ocraje conynnja jenno sa Alt-Germanien.
61
To cnaxaxo ne moxe a

nnn cojysnnnn ca Ipnnma...(unja nnacr) nae y pyxe Anapnma...A ono mro cy onn pxann, ne eme
rpuxo, nnrn je morno nrn nnxono. (ucmo, T. II, crp. 38-39)

61
Hpornamananem Henacra nnn Henasra rpynom nennoenponcxnx napoa xojn nanono nncy nnn y
crany a ''noce nnnnnnsannjy'', jean je o naunna a ce y crapoenponcxom apeany rnea nanona
npnmnrnnnocr xpos neocrarxe rexnnuxe xynrype n nncrnrynnonannsonana, xoje moepnn nayunnnn
no napxornunnm ejcrnom nncrpymenrannsannje yma uecro none a cnounranajy. Parnnuxo-ocnajauxn
menrannrer remxo n, raxohe, morao a ce yxnonn y cnnxy o 'xynrypnnm samennma', ann ry npcry
nnauxnx mornnannja raxnn nayunnnn pao xopncre a n yxasann na nexn nanonn 'nnoenponcxn
xynrypnn pasnoj'. Osnauanane ca 'nenamxn' nnn 'crapoenponcxn' y onom pcxom xpnnornopeny
xynrypnor xopnsonra o xojem oxymenrn cneoue cacnnm cynporno, yxasyje na cnaocr nayunor crana,
148
ye nenpocrpacna nonecnnna xoja nyrem peun onymra ocnexanane cehana na
orahaje nnn nnxono ocanpemennnane. Ocnpemnnnn cmncao crnapn saonja ce rex
xpos ycanpmanane nxa. Vcanpmanane yxa onocn ce npe cnera na ro a cy npeme n
orahajn ncnpnnoneann y nemy nemro mro on pasymena, raxo a ce rnme o npemena
ocnoaha n saonja nerony nmensnjy cnare. Ono mro ce y rome nonma nnje npasnn
onaxaj npemena, nero nonmajyhe onaxane xao xonrpanosnrnnnrer nonomxoj
nnxnnunocrn, ann ncronpemeno n cnooa sa ono mro jecre n nna. Ounro je a cam
cmncao npemena nocn n cnoje ynncxe npernocranxe, yyhn a crnapno n
nonmajyhe pasmarpane ca rnm npernocranxama nma nenonycrnny norpey a ce
cyoun, na a nx n paspemn xaxo je ro yunnno n Xeren: V nosnrnnnom cmncny
npemena moxe ce crora pehn: camo caamnocr jecre, ono npe n nocne nnje; ann
xonxperna caamnocr je pesynrar npomnocrn, a ona je pemennra yyhnomhy. Taxo
je ncrnncxa caamnocr neunocr. (Hegel, Enzykl. der Phil. Wissen., sqq, 259). Ta
Xerenona neunocr xao mncaonn napamerap nnn mnmennna xoja je nnrepnperarnnno
srono npeysera ns nnarononcxe rpannnje, nnje nere npe nnn nocne camor npemena,
nero je y nemy, raxo a anannrnuxn enemenrn xao excrase npemenonana unne cacnnm
oesrnanene xomnonenre es rpajne nenonnrocrn xoja n nx pxana sajeno,
nonesnnana, n rnme xao ono mro nx nymra a yy yjeno nernrnmncana n
xapaxrepncana. Ipannunnx xojn je ncronpemeno n npenas nsmehy npemena n neunocrn
jecre yx, a nerono ycrpojcrno nnn nocmarpano ns cyjexrnnnocrn cyjexra -
nnacrnra cnecr xao camoopehene nncrnonana ro je moh a ce ncrnnn npyxa ono
mro joj n npnnaa, raxo mro he came nojane a yy npnnymrene onome mro nx n
omoryhana xao npnnannm cymracrnennm nouennma. Ham meroonomxn saxren nhe
nonrnyr na ynncxnm sacaama one cjajne rpannnje, a ro je ]enomenonomxn
npncryn rymauena nponema nsnopa, cmncna n nopexna ncropnje orahana, unje

o xoje, na xanocr, nnje nno anexo n o npaxrnxanrcxnx 'npaxrnunnx npnmena'. He rpea noceno
ncrnnarn xaxo je y nepnoy o onacxa na nnacr Hannonanconnjanncrnuxe pannuxe naprnje Hemauxe,
nope xnrocana Jenpeja n cnonencxn xnna no nonprnyr napounroj npcrn cymnnuena y norney
'apnjencxor' nopexna ca rsn. 'nennoenponcxnm xapaxrepncrnxama'. Fes osnpa na esyme
pacncrnuxor crana xao raxnor, nnenn cmo a uax n no ]nsnxycy ecxpnnnnja cnerne xomnnexcnje
Cnonena romc nnme oronapa nero cam repmancxn xnna. Vocranom, npomorep npaxrnxancrna raxnnx
o esosnpnocrn cynynx neja, Aon] Xnrnep, saro je n pxao a cy npann ysop apnjencrna
Enrnesn, a ne neronn cynaponann Hemnn. Ona nnunm norxpenena namenocr maa je anno nnhena
n npexnnena, nsrnea a orxaunne mexannsam nnxonor cranana y noron, xa ro nexoj
rorannrapnsmy cxnonoj nnacrn ro ycrpea. Vronnxo je rporecxna cnnxa xaa ns npomnocrn nsnahenn n
perymnpann apxansmn nocrajy nennxopxanne ]nocxyne, na uecro n es nxaxnor ocnonna y neuem mro
n ro morno a nopxn jep ce ra nema npemena sa reopnjy nero ce cne pemana 'npaxrnunomhy
nnrynnnje', nema nn apem ononnxo crpnena sa crnapanem oxnnpne cnnxe xoja n npyxnna yrncax
nepoocrojnocrn oxo xoje ce nsyserno norpynna rsn. 'nopnjcxa mxona', nero ce neonapnapcxn n
xpajne xonsepnarnnncrnuxnm emaromxnm cpecrnnma nponsnoe cnryannje pacnamehnnana napoa,
ne n nn oesennn sa cee n cnoje rpyne ynon y rom nponsneenom myrary. Ono mro je ry
nmenonano 'nnnnnnsonannm' npornnpeun cnnm npernocranxama nacranxa n nsrpane ycxe
nnnnnnsannje, a ro nac ne ynosopana camo na samennnane resa nnn unnene rpemxn npornn cmncna,
nero n na onacno cycecrno oncecnnnnm nejama nomyxnnx xrena, a ce remxo nocrnsanana n
myxorpnna nocrnrnyha ycxnx casnana n camocnecrn oncranxa y xocmocy, sarpy ennm
mnmnxpnjama cyponnx n arpecnnnnx nnacroyana n nnxonnx ayropnrapnnx nporpama 'npeypehnnana'
connjerera.


149
ocnonne npernocranxe sa namy namepy mory a ce cney na rpn nsnopna nojma -
npemena, orahana n came nonecrn.
Bpeme je xopnsonr nemy cnojcrnennx orahana, rj. onnx orahana xoja ce
onoce npe cnera na ono mro ry n one jecre n nna (ry-nncrnonane), a ns nera
nncrnyje xoncrnryncana cnecr xoja sanncyje noarxe concrnenor npncycrna. Taxo ce
npocrop xao nerona nynxryanna nerannja (nnn, xao npemenonane oncranxa
nocmarpano xao menypene), nonma xao cnojenpcno ncnynanane npernocranxn
npemennrocrn (xaxo xao snauajna mepna ]nsnuxa xareropnja, raxo n xao
xonrnnynpana marepnjanna mera]nsnuxa unnennna). Taxo ncnynanane
npernocranxn npemena y nmensnjn npocropnocrn (neje y nnany), snaun
ersncrennnjy xao nosnnnjy ecennnje, rj. nocmarpa npocrop xao xonxpernsonany
crpyxrypy npemenonana nncrnonana cnojcrneny camomxopnsonry nncrnonana.
Taxo nncrnonane ynpano npexo npemena cee omoryhana sa name nonmane xao
npocrop, y uemy ce paspemana nnrane xonaunocrn, xao n mop]onornja camor
npnxasa.
3nnane xoje npernocrana ocyhenocr rpajana, xao nonpcre cmncna
npemenonana, ns cee nsnncrana nepamrpxane cnnxe npocropa n npemena, xao
npnrohen rnnonomxn moyc cnecrn y onrnnn nene cnnxonnrocrn, mro nna nonora
nnn oxymenrapnn momenar rsn. rpancnenenrannom acnexry (]enomenonomxn
nnrepcyjexrnnno yremeenom xopnsonry) nnrepnperarnnno nannnnx casnana, rj.
onnm mecrom re ce oraha ornapane noa y xome cy casnana necycrernyra, rno na
xojem ce canpe moryha nennna. oxymenrapnocr snnana rnme je nasa
nnrepnperarnnno xonpann moyc saxnarana cnecrn y meroonomxoj
rpancnapenrnocrn, rj. y cnojoj ocnonn cymrnncxn nen cyjexrnnnn nn onohen o
noxnanana ca onaxo nnn onaxo nnhenom npemernomhy. Hayuna ojexrnnnocr je
camnm rnm npenosnara xao ormarcxn ojexrnnnsam, sanpano nns cyxnecnnnnx
ojexnnja xao nonpcra mnmena npemena, sanncno o remnopanne crpyxrype xpos
xojy je npmena ojexrnnannja rnnonornja casnana, xao mnmena oncranxa yonmre, n
onaxnor xaxan on jecre y xoncrenannjama nnana n neronnx cxnonona. Fnnane nnax
npernocrana nncrnonane (jecrane) xao orahane y xojem ce npeme ornapa no
ynnn n xasyje anexo nnme o saysernm onnnnma cnecrn xojn ce pacnnajy y excrase
(caa-npomno, caa-yyhe), canpyhn ce na ono mro onasn ns yyhnocrn y sancra
moryhy npncyrnocr (ne xao yronnjcxo, nero nsnopno mera]nsnuxo npeme).
a nn ro snaun a onnnja `npnmnrnnnnx n nnnnnnsonannx` mopa a ye n
jenna conynnja? 3a nac cnaxaxo ro ne snaun a mopa. Vnopnmre sa pyraunjn
npncryn n rneane ne moxe a ce nahe pyre nero y nononnom remenrom aneny
ocrynnom oxymenrannjom, c rnme mro he na ny a ce oparn neha naxna n
xoncrnrynme ]nnoco]nja ncropnje, xoja he coom a ocrnapn aprnxynannjy
npennhennx nnn neyouennx enemenara, mro ronope cacnnm pyraunje. Crora apem
ocnonny oxymenrannjy, maxap cenexronano, naa nonono ncnocrannrn y ocnonnnm
nprama.





150
2. Hsnon ns xponnxa xoje nounny Cnonene o XII nexa snauajnn sa
cpncxy nc1opnjy

1opanec

De origine actibusque Getarum (Berolini, 1882; Mommsen Th.)

O nsnopa pexe Bncryne npexo nemepnnnx npocropa cranyje mnoropojnn
napo Benera, unja ce nmena menajy npema pasnnunrnm noponnama n mecrnma,
nauenno ce nasnnajyhn Cxnanennma n Anrnma. Cxnanenn npennajy xo rpaa
Honnjerynena n jesepa xoje ce sone Mypcnjcxo, cne o anacrpa n na cenep cne o
Bncxne: sa nacea nmajy mounape n myme. Anrn oner, o onnx xojn cy najjaun, ramo
re ce cyxana Honrcxo mope, nporexy ce o anacrpa cne o ananpa, a re pexe
yaene cy jena o pyre mnoro xonaxa (Gotica, V, 34-35)
Hocne nopasa Xepyna nonxe npornn Benera Xepmanapnx opyxje nonono a
onn (Benern), npema nnxaxnn y jynamrny, ann pojem jaxn, ns nouerxa noxymame a
ce oynpy. Ann nnmra ne npen neparnnuxa nennunna, napounro ramo re n or (ro)
onymra n onasn mnomrno naopyxannx. A onn, xao mro cmo nouenn a xasyjemo na
nouerxy nsnarana nnn y xaranory napoa, o jenor xonena norexanmn, rpn nmena
ca nsneme, ro jecr Benern, Anrn, Cxnanenn; na npema. caa ycne namnx rpexona
nocnya ecne, raa cy nnax cnn cnyxnnn nnacrnma Xepmanapnxonnm. (Gotica,
XXIII,119)

Hpoxonnje Hesapnjcxn

De bello Gothico libri IV, (Bonna 1833-1838; Dindorfii)

Onnm naponma, Cxnanennma n Anrnma ne nnaa jean uonex, neh o crapnne
xnne y emoxparnjn n ycne rora ynex sajennuxn oanajy nocnone n nonone n
one nenonone. Hcro nm je raxo n ocrano (xaxo je peueno) sajennuxo cnnma, a ro o
pannje nmajy cnnuno onn napnapn. Bepyjy a nocrojn camo jean or, rnopan myne, n
a je on jennn rocnoap cnera, re my xprnyjy ronea n cne xprne. He nosnajy ycy,
nnrn nnaue npnsnajy a nma nno xaxnor yrnnaja na ye, ann xa nm je cmpr neh na
omaxy, nnn nx cnnaa onecr, nnn cy y pary, sneryjy ce yxonnxo nserny, a he
omax a xprnyjy ory sa ymy, n, cnacnnmn ce xprnyjy xaxo cy oehann, re mncne
a cy rom xprnom orxynnnn cnoj cnac. Vs ro nomryjy n pexe n nnm]e n pyra nexa
oxancrna, re nm cnnma xprnyjy n no rnm xprnama npauajy.
Cranyjy y cxpomnnm xonnama snarno yaenn jenn o pyrnx, uecro cnn
menajyhn mecro naceena. Kpenynmn y oj na nenpnjarea ny nemnne y nennxom
pojy, nocehn y pyxama mane mrnrone n xona, a oxnone nnxa ne onaue. Hexn
nemajy nn xomyy nn orprau, neh nannaue camo rahe o ncno nojaca n raxo ny
npornn nenpnjarea. H jenn n pyrn nmajy jean jesnx, cacnnm napnapcxn. A nn no
cnoamnocrn ce ne pasnnxyjy jenn o pyrnx, jep cy cnn nncoxn n neonuno jaxn a
rena n xoce nnrn cy onnme ene, nnrn nnane, nnrn nm ce cacnnm npennna y npno,
nero cy cnn pnhn. Xnne remxo n yoro xao Macarern, n xao n onn ynex cy nynn
neuncrohe. Hncy nn phann nn snnxonnn nn najmane, neh no jenocrannocrn cnnune
151
Xynnma. Ha n nme eme nexa Cxnannnnma n Anrnma sajennuxo. Pannje cy nx
sajeno nasnnann Cnopnma saro, mro cmarpam a mecrnmnuno cranyjy no semn.
Pan rora nmajy n npocrpany semy. Onn naceanajy najnehn eo onocrpane oane
Hcrepa (ynana). Tonnxo axne o rnm naponma n raxo ce pxn. (Gotica, 38. 8. III)


Manpnxnje

(ili Pseudo-Mavrikije), Artes militares (Upsaliae, 1664, Scheffer)

Kaxo rpea nocrynarn ca Cxnannma n Anrnma n cnnunnma. Hnemena Cxnana n
Anra nmajy ncrn naunn xnnora n onuaje n cnoona cy, re ce nnxaxo ne ajy
noponrn n yunnnrn noannnnma, napounro y cnojoj semn. Mnoropojnn cy n
nspxnnn, naxo nonoce n npyhnny n cryen n nnary n onaxenocr rena n
ocxynny y namnpnnnama. Hpema crpannnma cy yasnn n oponamepnn, re nx
uynajyhn nponoe ns mecra y mecro re nm ycrpea. Axo ce nepnrom omahnna
oron a crpanan nacrpaa, na nera nanane onaj mro my ra je npeao, a no
yxnom onuajy ocnern crpanna.
One xojn cy xo nnx sapoenn ne sapxanajy cne npeme y poncrny xao pyrn
napon, nero opehyjyhn nm nsnecno npeme ocranajy nm a onyue xohe nn a ce
npare y cnojy semy ys nexn orxyn, nnn a one ocrany cnoonn n xao npnjaren.
Hmajy mnomrno pasnonpcnnx xona n y amapnma cnaxonpcnnx nnoona, re najnnme
xnra n npoca. H xene cy nm npexo cnaxe ycxe mepe uecrnre, raxo a mnornma o
nnx cmpr nnxonnx myxena onocn cmpr n nnma camnma, jep ce came paronono
ane, ne xenehn a nponoe xnnor xao yonnne. Cranyjy no mymama, oxo pexa, no
mounapama n npn jesepnma, re ce remxo npncryna; a uecro nsnase ns nacea sor
pasymnnnx nenpnnnxa xoje nx ry cnanase. Hyxne crnapn norajno saxonanajy, ne
noceyjyhn npexo mepe janno nnuer, na xnne xao xpannnn. Ca cnojnm
nenpnjarenma none a ce cyxoanajy y rpmy, xnannnma n crpmnm mecrnma.
Bemro ce cnyxe saceama, npenanma n nyxancrnom, n nohy n any noemanajyhn
mnore naunne. H y npenaxeny pexa nemrnjn cy o cnnx yn.
Onnuno nspxanajy y non, na uecro nexn o nnx, nsnenahen xaxnom
onacnomhy y cnojnm nacenma, sarnypn y ynny n pxn y ycrnma rpcxe yemene sa
raxny npnnnxy, yre n cacnnm nsyene a onnpy o nonpmnne noe, na naysnax
nexehn y ynnn, nmy xpos nnx n yro npemena nspxanajy raxo a necrane cnaxor
noospenana npema nnma. A xa ce oron a ce nne rpcxe nan noe, nencxycnn
mncne a cy nspacne ns noe. 3aro onn xojn ono snajy, npenosnanajyhn rpcxy no pesy
n no nonoxajy, nnn nm nomohy nnx npooy ycra, nnn nx ncrprnynmn nsnaue ns
noe, nomro ramo nnme ne mory a ocrany.
Cnaxn ce uonex naopyxa ca no na mana xona, a nonexn o nnx n ca
mrnronnma, opnm, ann remxnm. Cnyxe ce n pnennm nyxonnma n mannm
crpennnama naronennm orponom, xojn neoma cnaxno enyje yxonnxo ce raxan
panennx ne nocnyxn nexonnrnm nannrxom nnn pyrnm nemrnnama nosnarnm
ncxycnnm nexapnma, nnn, axo omax ne opexy pany a ne saxnarn n ocrano reno. Fes
nnacrn xnne n y mehyconoj mpxnn, re ne nosnajy pe. He nacroje nn a ce y ojy
opo ycxnae, nn a ce yxasyjy na ronnm n pannnm mecrnma. A xaa ce oron a ce
152
ycye y ynymrane y npany nrxy, xpeny ce mano nanpe yrnac nnuyhn, na axo ce
npornnnnnn o re nnxe sanname nanaajy cnom xecrnnom. Vxonnxo ne, exe nasa
ne xypehn a nmajy onpa ca cnarama nenpnjarea. Texe mymama nmajyhn ramo
jaxy nopmxy, snajyhn a ce nemro ope y recnannma. uecro nsnaxy nnen xao ycne
nexe npane cmyrne, re ra rooxe npesnpyhn ocranajy y mymama, na xa ohy pyrn
n nonjy ce oxo nnena, onn cnoxno nacpny n nonjy nx. Taxo none pao a nsnoce
maman sa cnoje npornnnnxe na pasne naunne. Cacnnm cy nenoysann n xpme yronope,
namamenn nnme o crpaxa nero o apona. Kaxo xo nnx nnaa pasnnxa y
mnmennma, nnn axo ce ne cnoxe nnn ce nax cnoxe na nnax pyrn pso npenase
npexo onor mro ce open, xaxo cy cnn crpacno jenn npornn pyrnx n nomro nnxo
nnje noan a ycrynn (nonycrn) pyrom.
Tpea a openn noyxnarn npornn nnx nnajy nnme y snmcxo oa, xaa ne
camo a pnehe oronn na ne mory srono a ce caxpnjy, nero n xa cner noxasyje
rparone erynana, n xaa nm noponna, yyhn ocxyna, rorono oronn, na yocranom,
n pexe sor nea nocrany nonone sa npenas.
Tpea ce uynarn, xonnxo je moryhe, a ce necmorpeno ne ynasn y nenpoxona n
rycra mecra sa npeme nera nn y xom cnyuajy, xa cy nenpnjaren najnnme na oxyny,
npe nero mro nx nsarnajy nemann nnn xonannnn.
Kaxo je mehy nnma mnoro nornanapa na cy mehycono necnoxnn, nnje
neymecno nexe o nnx npnmamnrn nnn peunma nnn noxnonnma, a napounro one
nnxe rpannnn; re nanaarn pyre a nx nenpnjarecrno ne n cne cnoxnno n
yjennnno no jeny ynpany. Ha one rsn. npeere nnn ycxoxe, xojn ce nye a
noxasyjy nyrene nnn a nsnemranajy, rpea opo nasnrn. Hma uax n Bnsanrnnana
xojn roxom npemena n saopannnmn na cnoje, panje yxasyjy yan nenpnjarenma.
Bnx rpea narpanrn xaa unne opo, xao xa unne sno xasnnrn. Hamnpnnne nahene
y onnxnoj semn ne naa nepasymno ynnmranarn, neh ce norpynrn a ce npenecy
y cnojy semy, na cronn nnn na nahama.
Kaxo ce nnxone pexe cnnnajy y ynan, naxo ce oana npenomene nomohy
naha.
Kaxo nacea Cxnana n Anra nexe jeno sa pyrnm ys pexe, re raxo mehy nnma nema
pacrojana ocrojnor cnomnnana, a yonuajeno cy oxo nnx ncnocpeno myma nnn
ape nnn pnronn, ro ona y noxonma npornn nnx omax rpea cny nojcxy xpenyrn c
yapom na npno ceno, jep he ocrana cena, nomro cy cycena n nnsy myme, nnxono
npennpane ocernnmn, naxo ca cnojnma a oerny. Hsnenahenn n necnpemnn, xaxo ce
sarexny, nnxonn mnanhn nanaajy nojnnxe, a crora ne mory nnxaxny nennxy mrery
a naunne npornn nenpnjarea xojn nx nanaa. (VIII, 272-290)

Teoqnnax1 Cnuoxa1a

Historia (Lipsiae, 1887, Boor)

Cyrpa an xpaencxe mrnronome yxnarnme rpn uonexa ns nnemena Cxnannna
xojn ca coom nncy nmann nnmra o xenesa nnn parne onpeme. Hmann cy xnrape n
nnmra pyro nncy nocnnn. Kpa nx crora ynnra ns xor cy napoa n re cy nm
opannmra, re pasnor anena oxo pomejcxnx mecra. Onn xasame a cy ns napoa
Cxnannna n a cy nacranenn na xpajy sananor Oxeana, re a je Xaran uax ramo o
153
nnx nocnao nocnannxe a oxynajy ojny cnny n a uacre nornannne nennxnm
noxnonnma, re a cy onn, npnmnnmn apone, onnn canesnnmrno, nanoehn a nm je
remxa yxnna nyra, n a cy am nnx, sapoennxe, nocnann Xarany a xaxy pasnor
sa ro. Hernaecr cy mecenn na nyry, a Xaran, npenepernynmn saxon o nocnannnnma,
cnpeuno nm je nonparax. Onn cy uynn sa napo Pomeja a je orar n napounro
uonexoynn, raxo pehn najcnannnjn, na cy ynyunnn opy npnnnxy n oxonann ce
Tpaxnje. Knrape noce jep nncy ynexann a noce opyxje na reny, a nnxona sema ne
nosnaje xeneso, re crora nponoe xnnor mnpan n nenomyhen, na cnnpajy na nnpe n ne
ymejy a ynajy y ojne rpye. Bnma je par no nenosnar, a ronopame a cy nm no
npnpon mnnnja nexana y mysnnn. A xpa na re peun, nnehn ce onom nnemeny,
napnape yocrojn rocronpnmcrna, (npema) ce cnyuajno c nnma namao, uyehn ce
nennunnn nnxonnx reneca n pasnnjenocrn yona, na nx nomae y Xepaxnejy. (VI, 2.
223-224)
H napen Xaran Cxnannnnma a nanpane mnoro mannx naha, a n nmao
cannaan Hcrap (ynan) sa npenasax. uecrnm nananma cranonnnnn Cnnrnona
xnapnnn cy nocnone nexnm o Cxnannna n nannnn nnxony rpahy sa npennonanane.
Vcne rora napnapn onceny Cnnrnon. omanmn o najrope ee, rpa je nmao
cnay nay na cnac, xa cemor ana Xaran sanonen napnapnma a nanycre onceane
n ohy nemy. Homro cy ro uynn napnapn ocrane npnmnnmn ne xnae aponnnx
snarnnxa, snarom nesen cronnax n onrouen cro. Ona npemanmn ner napacanrn
Xaran npemecrn raop y Cnpmnon, a mnoxnny Cxnannna cnpemn a majcropnmy, e a
nahama npehe pexy snany Cana. On je xypno y par, a onn npema napen npnnpemame
nahe, re ro pso onpmnme ns crpaxa o nexnx sanonennxa. Kaa cy neh nahe nexane
rorone npe napnapnnom, napnapcxa nojcxa npehe cyceny pexy. A Xaran, oapanmn
jean eo nojcxe sanonen a ne nanpe n Pomejnma saaje crpax o neronor
nanpeonana. Heror ana crnxe y Fononnjy. (VI, 3-4)

mpeerap

Chronica, Hannoverae (1888, Krusch)

uerpecere ronne Xnorapene nnacrn, uonex nmenom Camo, no nannonannocrn
upanax ns onacrn Cenoar, nosnao je mnore rpronne ca coom n ornmao mehy Cxnane
xojn ce sony n Bnnen (Winedos) a rpryjy. Cxnann cy neh nouenn a ce yne npornn
Anapa snannx Xyna n nnxonor xpaa rarana. Jom o crapnne Bnnnn cy Xynnma
nnn anrepnarnnna nopmxa (bifulci), na xa cy Xynn nmnn y oj npornn xor napoa
nocranann cy cnojy caxyneny nojcxy npe raope, a y crnapn cy paronann Bnnnn.
Kaa je noea nna cnrypna onasnnn n Xynn a yrpae nnen, a xaa cy Bnnnn
nnn cannaanann, oner n onanann nanae norxpenenn xyncxom nopmxom.
Crora nx Xynn nosname n]ynnnma, jep cy nmnn npe Xynnma y ojnom cyxoy
cnpemajyhn nocrpyxa opena oeena.
Hpexo ronne Xynn cy Cxnannnnma onasnnn na snmonane, na cy
oynnann (strato amuebant) cxnannncxe xene n xhepn; a nope pyrnx namera
Cxnann cy nnahann Xynnma n anax. Cnnonn xyncxn mro cy nx ca xenama n xhepnma
nnnncxnm nsponnn nncy nnme mornn a nonoce onaxocrn n npnrncax, na cy
oannnn xyncxy nnacr, xaxo cam npe cnomenyo, n noueme ce ynnrn. Ka cy Bnnnn
154
c nojcxom nomnn npornn Xyna, nanpe nomenyrn rpronan Camo nohe c nnma y opy
n ronnxo je xopncrno npornn Xyna, a je nno sa nnene xaxo nx je orpoman poj
(mnpnjae) no caceuen o nnnncxor maua. Bnehn ry naxnocr Camony, Bnnnn ra
nsaepy sa cnor xpaa, na je ry cpehno nnaao 35 ronna. 3a nerone nnae Bnnnn cy
nmann nnme cyxoa c Xynnma, ann neronnm canerom n naanomhy Bnnnn cy Xyne
ynex cannaann. Camo je nmao nanaecr xena nnnncxor nopexna, o xojnx je ono
22 cnna n 15 xhepn. (IV, 48)

O pokrtavanju Karantanaca

Monumenta Germaniae historica, Scriptorum T. XI, Hannoverae (1854, Pertz)

3a npeme cnannor ]panauxor xpaa aroepra nexn Camo no nmeny Cxnanen,
onranajyhn mehy Kapanrannnma, nocrao je noha ror napoa. On je sanoneno a ce
nonjy rpronauxn nyrnnnn xpaa aroepra n onnenn xpaencxn nonan. Ka je ro
casnao xpa aroepr, nocnao je cnojy nojcxy n sanoneno a ce naoxnan mrera
xojy my je raj Camo naneo. Taxo onn mro nx je nocnao n yunnnme, re one nonprome
xpaenoj cnyxn. Haxon mano npemena re Kapanranne remxo cy nouenn a
ysnemnpanajy Xynn nenpnjarecxnm merexom. A raa je no nnxon noha no nmeny
Fopyr, xojn je Foroapnma janno a he xyncxa nojcxa a xpene npornn nnx, re a nx
samonn a my ohy y nomoh. Onn noxypnnmn sancra nomorny Kapanranne n nsrname
Xyne, na nx nonprome xpaencxoj cnyxn ncro xao n nnxone cycee. Oarne cy
onenn n raone y Faroapcxy. Mehy nnma je no Fopyron cnn no nmeny Kaxannje, sa
xor je neron oran samonno a ce nacnnra no xpnmhancxom naunny n noxpcrn, xao
mro je n yunneno. Hcro je raxo monno n sa Xenrmapa, cnor cnnonna. A xa je ympo
Fopyr, no napen upanaxa, Kaxannja xojn je neh noxpmren, Faroapn nocname rnm
ncrnm Cxnannma xojn cy ra rpaxnnn, re ra onn yunnnme cnojnm nornanapem.
(T.XI,c.7)

Hanne Taxon

De gestis Langobardorum Libri VI, (Amsterdam, 1655, Grotius)

V rnm mecrnma cranonann cy Cxnann. Ka onor (erynna) onasn jena xena,
neh crapnna, omax npnmern a je erynan n a narn o rnan. H caxannnmn ce na
nnm caxpn ra y cnojoj xyhn n norajno my je anana xpane mano no mano, a ne n,
xaa n my ana xpane a ce sacnrn, na mecry ympo. A nnax my je nynna a jee
ronnxo, a n onopanen morao a npnxynn cnary. Ka je nnena a je neh ronnxo
xpenax, a moxe a nyryje, ajyhn my xpane, ynyrn ra na xojy crpany rpea a ne. (I,
165-166)
Ka je ympo Ipnsyn], ]opjynnjcxn nojnoa, neronn cnnonn Taco n Kaxo,
yseme a nnaajy na ncrnm nojnocrnom. Onn cy y cnoje npeme
noceonann cxnannjcxy onacr, xoja ce sone 3ea, cne o mecra xome je nme
Meapnja. Tn cy Cxnann ory cne o npemena nojnoe Parxnca nnahann anax
nojnoama ]opojynnjcxnm. (I, 166-167)

155
Menanep Hpo1nx1op

Historici graeci minores (Lipsiae, 1871; L. Dndorf)


uernpre ronne xpaenana Kajcapa Tnepnja Koncranrnna y Tpaxnjy narpny
nneme Cxnannna, nnx oxo crornny xnaa, a onnene Tpaxnjy n mnora pyra.
Kaxo cy Cxnannnn nauxann Xenay n xaxo cy joj ca cnnx crpana npernne
onacnocrn, nemajyhn cnare onone sa opy nn npornn jenor ena npornnnnxa a nn
npornn nennne, n ne moranmn nn parom a nx cnpeun, crora mro cy pomejcxe cnare
nne saysere y opama na Hcroxy, Tnepnje cnpemn nocnancrno Fajany, nornannnn
Anapa, xojn raa nnje no nenpnjarecxn pacnonoxen npema Pomejnma, a nnaue je
no rooxe noan o nouerxa nnaana Tnepnjenor a npnjarecxn xnnn c namom
pxanom. Taxo ra n naronopn a saparn ca Cxnannnnma. Oane oner npomanmn xpos
semy Hnnpa, sarnm omanmn o cxnrcxe, npnnpemn ce a npehe na pyry crpany
npexo Hcrpa (ynana) y raxosnannm noxpmnnm nahama. 3arnm, npemanmn na pyry
crpany pexe, omax nonann cxnannncxa cena n onauxa noa, re onee n onece cne,
a a ce nnre nnxo o ramomnnx napnapa nnje ycyno a ce ynycrn y opy, neh ce
ejaxy pasernn no mnnpaxjy n y rycrnne myme.
Ann onaj noxper Anapa npornn Cxnannna nnje no camo pan napena
nocnancrna n ns xee a ce Fajan noxaxe sor rora Pomejnma saxnanan, mro ra je cam
Kajcap najnnme onnxonao, nero mro cy my n camom nnn (Cnonenn) najmpxn sor
nnacrnre nenannn (mpxne). Boha Anapa nocnao je onom anpenrnjy n naponnm
ynpanaunma (nopyxy), napehyjyhn nm a cnymajy Anape n a ce oanexy na
nnahane anxa. A anpnrac n one nohe c nnm ''raxo axne'' pexome: ''Kaxan je ro
uonex n a ra rpejy cynuann spann, xojn he yunnnrn a ce noxopnmo? Jep onxnynn
cmo a nnaamo semom pyrnx, a ne pyrn namom. H ro je sa nac nornpheno, ox ro
ye parona n mauena.'' Ka cy Cxnannnn oronopnnn onaxo pcxo, nncy pyraunje
nocrynnnn nn Anapn cnyxehn ce xnanncanem. 3arnm ns ror nacrame nconxe n
ynpee, na ona samernyme mehycony cnahy, yyhn xao napnapn yxonnx rnana n
nnn. He moryhn oysarn cpuy, Cxnannnn ynjy nocnannxe mro cy ry omnn, a c
pyre crpane nncy ce ycresann a ro jane Fajany. Ero, crora Fajan oanno
oxpnnaname Cxnannne, norajno nx mpsehn, n nnaue yrnr, mro my ce nncy
noxopnnn... (crp. 98-100)

Ajnxap

Annales regni Francorum (Monumenta Germaniae historica, T. 1. Hannoverae, 1826,
Pertz)

Hs Hrannje y Hanonnjy nocnana je nojcxa a onpmn yennron par, ann
yennr na nen onasax nanycrnnmn Cncnnjy noexe Copanma; sa xojn ce napo
xasyje a saysnma nennx eo anmannje, re ynnmn na npenapy jenor o nnxonnx
noha xojn ra je npnmno, nerony pxany npxe no cnojy nnacr. Hnax nocna cnoje
nsacnannxe napenoj nojcnn, n oeha a xenn a ohe npe napa. Ka je npomao
jecenn non, oe nap npexo Pena na snmonane y mecro xoje ce sone upanxono]yp, re
156
ry caxynnnmn onmrn caop, pacnpaname nexe nyxne crnapn sa nanpeax ncrounnx
enona cnor napcrna, no cneuanom onuajy, ca najonma xoje je sanoneno a sa ro
nosony. Ha rom caopy cacnyma nemy ynyhena nocnancrna c aponnma cnnx
ncrounnx Cxnana, ro jecr Aopnra, Copaa, Bnnrnopa, Foxemana, Mapnanana,
Heenenenra n Anapa, xojn cy cranonann y Hanonnjn. (c. 209)

Kpan Anqpe

Schriften der skandinavischen Gesellschaft (1815, Dahlmann)

Ceneponcrouno o (Fanrnuxor) Mopa nocroje anemnnnepn (anamecann), n
ncrouno o anemnnnepa Xopnrn, a cenepno o anemnnnepa Copn (Cypne).
Fonxonmepn cy nmann cnojy nomopcxy nojcxy, n Bnehann (Cnen) cy na cenepy,
ncrouno cy nnn Capmarn (Cepmene), re jyxno Copn (Cypn nnn Cyp]n). (crp. 75-
85)

Banapcxn reorpaq

Reg. historia (Berlin, 1836, Raumer)

3epnyann (Cpann), unje je xpaencrno ronnxo, a cy o nnx norexnn cnn
cnonencxn napon n, xaxo rnpe, o nnx noe nopexno. (n. 100)

Konc1an1nn Hopqnporenn1

De administranclo imperio (Paris, 1711,Banduri)

32. O Cpnma n semn xojy caa nacranyjy

Tpea snarn a Cpn noe nopexno o nexpmrennx Cpa, nasnannx n Fenn,
naceennx c one crpane Typcxe (r.j. Mahapcxe), y xpajy xojn ce xo nnx nasnna
Fojxn. Bnma je y cycecrny n upanauxa, ncro xao n nennxa Xpnarcxa, ona nexpmrena,
xoja ce sone n Fena.
Tamo cy, axne, n onn Cpn o annnne nacranenn. Homro cy na para
nacnenna o ona nnacr na Cpnjom, jean o nnx, npeysenmn nononnny napoa,
npeerne Hpaxnnjy (Xepaxnnjy), napy Pomeja. Hap Hpaxnnje ra npnmn n xao mecro
naceanana a my y conyncxoj remn Cepnnjy (Cepnnnjy), xoja raj nasnn nocn o
raa. Cpn na jesnxy Pomeja snaun poonn, na ce crora n poncxa oyha onuno nasnn
cepyna, a nepynnjann onn xojn noce je]rnny n cnpomamxy oyhy. Ono nme onnn
cy Cpn xaa cy nocrann poonn napa Pomeja.
Hocne nexor npemena ncrn Cpn onyue a ce npare y cnoje seme n nap nx
ornycrn. Kaa cy npemnn pexy ynan (anynon), noxajy ce n npexo crparera xojn je
raa ynpanao Feorpaom, jane napy Hpaxnnjy a nm oenn pyry semy sa
naceanane. H nomro caamna Cpnja n Harannja, n sema 3axymana n Tpanynnja,
n sema Konanana exy no nnamhy napa Pomeja, a re seme o Anapa onycreme
(jep ns ramomnnx semaa onn nsrname Pomane xojn caa cranyjy y anmannjn n
157
pauy), ro nap y onnm semama nacenn ncre Cpe n onn cy nnn norunnenn napy
Pomeja. Hap nx noxpcrn onohenem cnemrennxa ns Pnma, n nayun nx a npannnno
nsnpmanajy ena nooxnocrn, nsnoxnnmn nm xpnmhancxo nepoyuene.
Kaa Fyrapcxa eme no nnamhy Pomeja (...), nomro je ympo onaj ynpannnx
Cpnn xojn je npeerao napy Hpaxnnjy, no nacnecrny sannaa neron cnn, a norom
ynyx, n raxo peom ynpannnnn ns nerona poa. Hocne nsnecnor poja ronna pon ce
o nnx Bnmecnan n o nera Paocnan, a o nera Hpocnroj, o onor Bnacrnmnp, re o
onor Bnacrnmnpa Fyrapn cy xnnenn mnpno ca Cpnma xao nncxn cycen, nonehn
jenn pyre, nanasehn ce y cnyxn n norunnenocrn npema napennma Pomeja n
npnmajyhn o nnx opounncrna.
3a nnae ncror Bnacrnmnpa saparn npornn Cpa Hepcnjam ynpannnx Fyrapcxe,
xenehn a nx norunnn, ann rpn ronne paryjyhn, ne camo a nnmra nnje nocrnrao,
neh je nsryno n nehnny cnoje nojcxe. Hocne cmprn ynpannnxa Bnacrnmnpa nnacr y
Cpnjn nacnenme nerona rpn cnna:
Myrnmnp, Crpojnmnp n Iojnnx, noennnmn semy. 3a nnxono npeme nojann ce
ynpannnx Fyrapa Mnxanno Fopnc, xenehn a ocnern nopas cnora ona Hpecnjama, nax
ornoune par. Cpn ra raxo noryxy n sapoe neronor cnna Bnanmnpa, ca nanaccr
nennxnx oapa. 3or cnnonennx myxa, raa Fopnc, npema npexo noe, cxnonn
mnp ca Cpnma... (T. I., ra. 32)

Xepop

Monumenta Germaniae historica, T. XX (1854,Pertz)

Hpe xpnmhannma cy (Cnonenn) ecnn, nenaxnonenn, rpynxajy norama,
cxnanajy oun ys can po nenpncrojnocrn n rpexona n xpnmhane repajy y xpnmhancxo.
Hex je o nac anexo raxna pennrnja! (II, 26)

Xenuon

Chronica Slavorum, - Mon. Germ. hist., T. XXI (1868,Pertz)

C jyxne crpane naceenn cy cnonencxn napon, o xojnx cy ca ncroxa npnn
Pycn (Ruzi), sarnm Hoann (Poloni), nmajyhn ca cenepa Hpyce (Pruzos), a ca jyra uexe
(Fojemoc), re one xojn ce sony Mopa(nn)n (Morahi) nnn Kapnnrn (Carinthi), a raxohe n
Cpn (Sorabi). (I, c, 1)
Axo, axne na xpajy ronopnmo o Hocxoj, ona je npernopena y
najmnomrnennjy nponnnnnjy Cnonena, o onnx mro cy o crapnne Banann, a caa ce
Bnnnrn (Winithi) nnn Bnnynn (Winuli) sony. O nnx cy npnn Homepannn (Pomeranii),
unja cy ce nacea nporerna cne o Ope. Opa je najorarnja pexa cnonencxnx
onacrn, n ynasn y najye ropcxe myme Mopanana mro nornuy ns ncroune uemxe,
a noj je Haa (Albis) nauenno nocecrpnma. Hnje no necpehn a je (mehy nnma) yro
npocropno pacrojane, neh rexy pasnnunrnm nyrennma. Haa, oner, ennmnuno reue
npno cnaxno y uemxoj n raxohe xo Copaa, a y cpenem roxy enn Cnonene o
Caxconana, enehn n najnonnjy xamypmxy napoxnjy o pemencxe, ynasehn y cnannn
pnrancxn Oxean. pyra pexa, ro jecr Opa, cnymrajyhn ce ns Fopeja, nponasn
158
cpennom napoa Bnnyna (Vinulorum), enehn Homepane o Bnnnnja (Wilzis;
yrnha), xo xojnx cy npara mro nx npnmopnn sony Fanrnuxnm.
Hexaa je ry nna najrocnocrnennja pxana Benera, xoja ce cacrojana o
najcnannnjnx nacea Bapnapa n Ipxa, mro cy nnn y nesn. O nnxonnm uynennm
rpaonnma, unja ce nennunna nexaa ncrnnana ca noysanom cnarom, xonnxo je
moryhno nocernrn ce, ysnnmenor je craryca. Hajnnme o cnnx spannx rpaona o
xojnx je caunnena Enpona, ejaxy onn xoje cy naceanann Cnonenn ca ocrannm
memannm naponma, Ipuxnm n Bapnapcxnm. (I, c. 2)
yme Cnonena npnpono cy nenonepnne n raxohe nonoxne hanocrnma
napo onax n nsnnronepen, sema crpaxona n npasnnx camoha (I, 27)
Mehy mnoropojnnm cnonencxnm oronnma rocnoapn Cneronn (Zvantevith)
or seme Pyjana. To je onaj or, unja cy npopnnana najnsnecnnja. pyrn oronn cy
nope nera rex nonyoronn. a n my yxasann n napounry nouacr, npnnoce my, no
onuajy, cnaxe ronne na xprny no jenor xpnmhannna, xora opehyjy xonxom. Cem
rora, cnann cy my ns cnnx cnonencxnx xpajena cnaxe ronne pasne apone sa xprny.
Hapounro ooxanajy n nomryjy xpam onor ora, ne onymrajy a ce y nera onaxo
saxnnny, nnrn a ce npncryn o nera ympa ma unm n y camom pary. Ca cnnx crpana
onase ry Cnonenn a nm ce npopnue, n may nonemro sa xprny. Tpronnn xojn
onase y ony scmy ne mory nnmra nn a npoajy nn a xyne, yxonnxo na xprny nncy
npnnenn nemro cxynonennje o cnoje poe. (I, 52)
Mn oocmo y onocrpany Cxnannjy n yhocmo y jeny mymy. Ty nsmehy npno
crapnx pnera nnecmo xpacrone nocnehene Hponeny (Hepyny), ory one seme.
Orpahenn cy nnn mymcxom orpaom, xpos xojy ce na noja npara ynasnno. V cnnm
cennma one seme nma mnomrno xyhnnx orona (penates) n nona; ann ono je mecro
rnanno cnernnnmre sa neo onaj npeeo. Hapo, xpa, cnemrennnn, cnn ry onase pan
cyhena cnopona. Hpncryn y cnernnnmre onymren je camo cnemrennnnma n onnma
xojn xohe a npnnecy xprny, nnn onnma xojnma npern onacnocr o cmprn, a nnje nm
orxasano npano samrnre. Jep, Cnonenn ronnxo nomryjy one cnoje cnernne, a ne
onymrajy a ce nenpnjarecxom xpny oxaa nn xonnx nnxonor xpama. (I, 83)

Tn1uap (n1uap)

Chronicon, Hannovre (1889, Kurze)

V ynyrpamnocrn xpama nonxy ce pyxom carpahenn oronn, nocehn cnaxn
cnoje ypesano nme, oyuenn y nexn crpaman oxnon ca mnemom na rnann. Hpnn mehy
nnma sone ce 3yapncnn (Cnapoxnh). Bera cnn nesnaomnn ooxanajy nnme nero cne
ocrane. Hsa onnx orona nanase ce nnxone sacrane xoje ce nsnoce ns xpamona camo
npn nonacxy y par. Konnxo o ncrnm y nexnm nnxonnm onacrnma xasyjem, parn
unraoue, raxo mnnm a nnxona npasna cyjenepja rpea ns ror necxnarnnor napoa
ocrpannrn, yyhn a cy nx (orone Hyxnne) ooxanann cnaxnnm nennuanem. (IV,
23)
Ono mro cy pernonn y cnojnm enonnma, ro cy raxne xpamone (Cnonenn)
nmann n cnnxe-crarye nojennnx emona, a nx nesnaoxauxn
cnyxe. (IV, 24)

159
Caxc Ipaua1nx

Historia Danorum, Strassbourg (1886, Holder)

Ko Cnonena y Apxonn na (ocrpny) Pyjny no je jean non xojn cy ypohennnn
napounro ooxanann, xao n napo ns oxonnne, ann je naxno nposnan Cnern Bn
(Sanctus Vitus).
V srpan (xpama) ehe rpan non, mnoro nehn nero y npnpon; nmao je uernpn npara
n uernpn rnane, ne cnpea, a ne ca neha; n cnpea n nosan jena nsrnea a rnea
na ecny, a pyra na neny crpany. Fpaa je opnjana, xoca omnmana, xao mro noce
Pyjann; a y ecnoj pynn pxao je jean por cnpanen o pasnnx merana n cnemrennx
ra cnaxe ronne nynn nnnom. Ho crany onor nnha on je npercxasnnao xerny sa ry
ronny. Hena (my) pyxa pxn jean nyx cnymren nns reno. Jena xanna noxpnna
nonono reno n cnymra ce o nory. Hon ejame carpahen o pasnnx pnera, n raxo
nemro cacranennx, a ce nnnna morna npnmernrn rex nocne najrexer ncnnrnnana.
Hore ce onnpaxy o semy, ann ce ne nnn xaxo je sa ny no npnunpmhen. Hope
nona nne ce ysa, ceno, n pasnn pyrn snann oxancrna. Hapounro cy ce nnnnn
jenom xonocannom mauy, unje xopnne n anuax exy o cpepa napounro nspesanor.
(XIV, 444)
Ocrarax ana nocnehen je rosn, jey meco na xprny npnnecennx xnnornna. One
nx raa naney n na neymepenocr. Ann, na onaxnnm cnerxonnnama nonpenrn
ymepenocr n rpesnenocr (npejecrn ce n nannrn ce), snaun nsnpmnrn unn nooxnocrn.
Cnn yn n xene, cnaxe ronne, ajy no jean nonunh sa xynr ory. Cnemrennxy
oeyjy rpehnny nnena, xao a je on onpnneo noen. 3a cnojy cnyxy on nma 300
xona n ronnxo xonannxa. Cne mro ce opyxjem nnn nauxom saonje, nonepana ce na
uynane cnemrennxy. On npann sacrane n yxpace. Hnen cy uynann y canynnma y
xojnma je nno ocra cpepa n ynorpennx npemera. Ty cy ce romnnann n cnn
pxannn n npnnarnn noxnonn, xoje cy xynnnn pennocnn npocnonn. Onaj xnn, xojn je
onjao apone ns nene Cnannje, ncro raxo nx je onjao o norpannunnx xpaena.
Taxo je ancxn xpa Cneno, a n ra npnono sa cee npnnoxno jean cxynonen
cy, npernocranajyhn na raj naunn ryhy nepy cnojoj. Ann xacnnje, sa ro oecnehene
cnoje nepe, on n xaxnen rparnunom cmphy. (XIV, 565)













160
3.Cpu u quuocoquja ucmopuje upos pyeauuju npucmyn
uueuuusauuju


Cneehn nsnopna oxymenra xoja nam xasyjy o cpncxnm n cnonencxnm
crapnnama, noxymann cmo a npexo rsn. ''nsnopa'' onpemo o ncrounnxa, xojn n nam
ornopnnn norne sa, xonnxo je ro moryhe, nsnopnnjn n unmhn nperne nojana y
ncropnjcxnm cxnononnma. Kaa cy y XIX nexy Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn nrnn cnoj
rnac npornn jenocrpanor n renennnosnor rymauena cnonencxnx crapnna, moxe ce
cnoono pehn a cy nnn nonpnnnuno ycamenn. Fes osnpa na nnxone ymecne
npnmee, 'nopnjcxa mxona' jom je nnme noomrpnna cnoje ncropnjcxe nponene, raxo
a je onasnno n o ]enomena ''nop]nporennrnsma'', xo nnaue npncrojno
cxpynynosnnx n nayunoj nenpncrpacnocrn npnxnonennx ayropa.
Axo nmamo y nny raxny xapaxrepnsannjy xoja npxynn xo Gibbon-a n
Falmereyer-a y resn a cy: ''Cnonenn rpoapn anrnuxe xynrype'', a a ce npn rome
yonmre nncy sannrann a nn je crnap n opnyra (sa mra mn nanasnmo anac anexo
nnme nornpa), ona he nam nrn jacnn n neoma xyunn rononn Ba]apnxa n
Cyponjenxor, xojn cy sa rpxo-pnmcxe n xacnnje nnsanrnjcxe ncropnuape, xoje
'nopnjnn' npnxnarajy o nynor n sacnenenor nonepena, nsnenn npnnnuno nopasan
saxyuax. V eny Cyponjenxor, xoje je Ba]apnx naxon nerone cmprn ca orarnm
xomenrapnma npnpeno sa mramny (ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Paul Joseph
Schaffarik nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828), nmamo n neh ncrnnano mnmene a
je nennxa crnap camo ro mro yonmre nmamo nxaxne noarxe xojn nam omoryhanajy
pexoncrpyxnnjy nmena, n nonoxaja napoa y crapnnn, na xpajy n cacnnm
npnxnarnny npncrpacnocr noromaxa Axejana (Axanann) n opana (opann), ca
cnnno nspaxennm aronnsmom n cnenn]nunom rexnnom rsn. 'rpnjym]annor
menrannrera'. Hpnpono je a y nnrannma nenrnrera reopnja ye emornnno
oojena ca noj canpemennm onocom cnara.
Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn namnn cy ce no nencraxnyrnm cyxoom ca
nopnjcxnm yuennma, xojnma je nonerao nennxn poj cnonencxnx nayunnxa, npornn
nnrepeca concrnennx napoa. 3aro je meronuxa cymna xojy je xao yoxn
nosnananan ]nnoco]cxnx meroa cnponeo xao enoxanny mncao Ba]apnx, nna nnme
nero opoomna, jep je omoryhanana npoyanane nnrana n anane nonor cnerna
na camo nansrne camopasymnne unnennne: 3ancra je uyno, a mn rnm crapnm
nncnnma npnnncyjemo cnesnane n nenorpemnnocr, o uemy uax nn onn camn nncy
canann! Crpaon npnsnaje na nnme mecra, a nnrn on, a nnrn onn npe nera nncy y
rom cmncny nemro nnme n nemro cnrypno snann. Hronomej je, ncrnna, capao ns
pasnnx crapnjnx n canpemennx nsnopa romnny nmena, onnmn nasnn ''oxancxor
reorpa]a'', ox oner, on n ce n cam namao y neopanom rpoxhy, xaa n nexo
sarpaxno, a nanpann xnacn]nxannjy rnx neronnx nmena no jesnuxoj, nnn nax xpnnoj
cponocrn napoa na xoje ce ra nmena onoce. Tannr, nosnar xao rnannn nsnop o
Iepmannjn, xojn yocranom, onasn cam ca coom y npornnpeunocr, ca pyrnm
nncnnma na uax n ca unnennnama n npnpoom crnapn, npnsnaje, a nnmra ne sna
jacno o onocy n cpocrny Iepmana, Benea n Capmara, npema je no y Iepmannjn.
A Hpoxonnjeno naxnanane o Cxnro-Iornma n Capmaro-Iepmannma rpea a ye sa
nac xanon reneanornje napoa?! He! Cneouancrna nn jenor nn pyror, nnrn nnme
161
raxnnx cneoxa, one ne moxe a onyun; xpos raxan jean nannpnnr moxe a nac
non jenno cneyxynno ncrpaxnnauxn, ncrnncxn n cneoyxnaran pa. (ma+o, crp.
79/80) Hs anamne nepcnexrnne rneano, nnrane mopa a ce npomnpn n y pyrom
npanny, nanme na cnonencxy, re npe cnera cpncxocnonencxy crpany. Cem mrypnx
noaraxa neronncna Hecropa ns Knjena, (Hemannhn cy neh raa nmann n cnojy
pxany ca cnnm pacnonoxnnnm amnnncrparnnnnm anaparom xojn je morao a
nopasymena n ncropnorpa]njy napoa nnn apem osnnnje xponnxe), xao n
Hseuoeroeux oau:ua aronannx na IX nex, xoje xasyjy a cy ocrann uynennx 'nnna-
pyna' n sannca na nnma, nnn nax rpea nohn n o osnnnjnx noxymaja
emn]ponana sannca na apre]axrnma ns Bnnue nnn Henencxor nnpa.
Ocnm nnmnx Jyrocnonena xojn cy ce na cenepy re necpehne seme
sannmann rnpceno-cnanncrnxom n y rom xoy noxymann a oronerny rsn. Hnep
nnnreyc nnn nanene nonoje ca sanncnma, cxnnyre ca 3arpeauxe mymnje
(nmunranajyhn y nnma cnonennsme: Cnenann, ypmnu Kapnon) npe Capnon), nnn
snarnnx ('zamtic'), mn camn phano crojnmo ca rnm rnnom oxymenrannje, sa mra nam
nnxo pyrn nnje xpnn. H Tpyauon, xojn y cnom nnnrnncrnuxom ncrpaxnnany
ernorenese Cnonena yseo npanan neronncna Hecropa o npanocrojnnn cnnx Cnonena
na Hoynany, nnje ce ocnprao na ncrpaxnnana Ba]apnxa n Cyponjenxor nonoom
Hpoxonnjenor nmenonana Cnopn (nnje xoncynronao nn Mnnana Fynmnpa, a morao
je), nonoom rpennsannja Parocra n Paomnpa y Anparacroca n Apramepoca, xao n
Cpa y Cnope, o uemy cy ona nojnna anno naronecrnnn: ''Kaxo cy Cnonenn mornn a
naeny cen rpuxo nme? Hme, xoje n npno yaenn Cnonenn mehycono jom ynex
noce, xao na np. Hyxnuxn Cpn, anxancxn Cpn, pycxn Cpn, a xoje je nexaa nno
omahe n onmrenapono nme, o uemy he ncropnuapn moparn a noe pauyna.'' (ber
die Abkunft der Slawen, c. 80) H. O. Tpyauon ne ocnphe ce nn na xoncrarannjy:
...dass der Name Serb als gesamtname fr alle Stamme derselben windischen
(indischen) Abkunft lter sei, als Slawen (a je nme Cep xao onmre nme sa cna
nnemena nnncxor (nncxor) nopexna crapnje, nero Cnonenn) (ncro, crp. 66); a raxohe
nn ananornjy nmena rpaa 'Fynn' ca (ernonnmom Xepooronnx Fynna, nnn
noeronomxn ronoc ns Byxone snpxe npnxynennx naponnx necama ''pyce xoce'' ca
Xepooronnm onncom 'nnamennx' nnn Hpoxonnjennm pnhnm, npnenxacrnm -
'xnnepnrnnm xocama'.
Houenmn o onaxnnx nesnarnnx eraa, na cne o onnx apxeorpa]cxn
xpynnnjnx, rpacnpan je nyr o onohena y nnrane neonomxn najpacnpocrpanennjer
neponana y ceoy Cpa na Fanxan y cemom cronehy name epe, na nosnn napa
Hpaxnnja. Ba]apnx je ca cnojnm mnmenem, xoje cmo n pannje ncraxnn, neoma jacan:
Ja nnuno, nepyjem camo y ennmnuny cpncxy ceoy, n ro xpajem mecror n nouerxom
cemor nexa, y Hnnpnjy. Hanpornn, ono mro je Koncranrnn (Hop]nporennr) npnuao o
ceon Cpa sa npeme Xepaxnnjeno, nonpranam najnehoj cymnn. (ucmo, c. 139) On ra
norxpenyje mnmenem a Hop]nporennrono xasnnane npornnpeun pyrnm, na uax
n neronnm concrnennm cneouancrnnma, a yxasyje n na rparone cynnme jacnnx
nonnrnuxnx namepa. Hnrepnperannje xoje cmarpajy a je Koncranrnn mncnno na
npnonrny oraunny Cpa y sananoj uemxoj, y Majceny n y Hyxnuxoj Cpnjn, re a
je mncnno na cenepnoxapnarcxy Cpnjy y Iannnnjn n Bonnnnjn, ann a ce nnje opo
cnanasno y reorpa]njn, sa Ba]apnxa cy neopxnne. Cpn onase ns cenepne Bennxe
Cpnje na nosnn Xepaxnnja (nnn Hpaxnnja) a n cnoje napcrno oesennn o
162
anapcxe onacnocrn, na: onymram, a nap nnje nmao euxe, nnn napncxe xapre
rnannnx mraona ann raxno ecmncneno reorpa]cxo nesnane ne mory a npnxnarnm.
Jep, no nemy, npenn nnsanrnncxnx mrnhennxa, xojn cy nanycrnnn pycxy Cpnjy,
rpeano je, a cy xenenn a ce npare y xpaj, xojn je no nacneno nonoxan
upanauxoj, a n ramo nacrannnn a xnne y poncrny. (ucmo, c. 137; 138), re je
Hop]nporennr ro, xao n njanexarcxe pasnnxe nnnpcxnx n nyxnuxnx Cpa, xojn ce
cacnnm nponsnono nanono nounny pasnnxonarn o cemor nexa naxon Xpncroca 'in
einen politischen Apologie kunstvoll umgesponnen.'
To xaxna je nemrnna mpmena xonana y onoj nonnrnuxoj anonornjn rexnnxe
nnaana pomejcxor nesaponannsma npncyrna, Ba]apnx n Cyponjenxn onaxo
opasnaxy: Jep nncmenn, nnn ycmenn nsnopn nncy mornn a npecranajy nemro
mro je nemoryhe, xao a ce ono crnapno oronno. Hmajyhn ro y nny, mane hemo a
yemo sauyhenn unnennnom a je Koncranrnn npnnncao napy Hpaxnnjy anane
seme Cpnma na noxnon, xojy onaj nocnenn, ne camo mro nnje noceonao, nero,
jom nnme o rora, no neronom concrnenom cneouancrny, ry semy cy o 449. r., nnn
npema nexnma, o 549. r. noceonann Xyno-Cnonenn (Koncranrnn crana Anape
ymecro Xyna!); no Hayny Bnn]pny, onn cy nax ry semy noceonann nouen o 569.
r., a no nnsanrnncxnm nncnnma o 598. r. H caa Cpn rpea a nx nsane (Xyno-
Cnonene) noehn xpnan par, camo saro, a n sacnyxnnn cpehy, a y semn, xojy cy
saonnn cnojom cnarom, nocrany norunnenn rpuxnm nnaapnma. Hap Koncranrnn je
oneh opo nosnanao ]nsnuxy cnary, nonnrnuxy spenocr n crnapny nesanncnocr
Cpa. Xanocr sa rnm nsryennm onacrnma y neronnm cnncnma nsnja cnya;on
nonana crape onoce (rnx semaa) npema rpuxom napcrny n sanncnocr Cpa sor
Hpaxnnjenor noxnona o onparnocrn (bis zum Ekel). (ber die Ab. der Sl. c. 139)
Onnme je sancra remeno pasnoxen rnannn oxymenar omnen cnnm
cpompcnnma c osnpom na mornnannjy, a ro cy nonynrapnsonane ojexrne marpnne
]pycrpannja. oxymenrannja xojom ce pacnonaxe y onom npanny jecre ona xoja
nornue o Jepmennna Mojceja Xopencxor (487/492), unjn cy rexcr Ba]apnx n
Cyponjenxn npenenn na nemauxn jesnx ajyhn n narnnnunn rpancxnpnnr opnrnnana,
onaxo: Das Land der Thraken liegt stlich von Dalmatien bei Sarmatien; und es hat
Thrakien fnf kleinere Provinzen und eine Grosse, in welcher fnf slawische
Geschlechter sind, in deren Sitze die Gothen einwanderten; auch hat es Berge, Flsse,
Seen, und Inseln, und zur Hauptstadt das glchliche Constan-tinopel. (3ema Tpauana
nexn ncrouno o anmannje xo Capmarnje, n Tpaxnja nma ner mannx n jeny nennxy
nponnnnnjy y xojoj xnnn ner cnonencxnx nnemena ca xojnma cy cmemrenn n Iorn
nmajyhn rpaone, pexe, mope n ocrpna, npema rnannom rpay cpehnom
Koncranrnnonoy; (nnn npema nar. npenoy xojn je namao Kasnmnp Bynn y xnnsn
O noper.v u ceouumu+a cmapux H.upa).
Ha crp. 143. cnnca o nopexny Cnonena, Ba]apnx nanon nmena rnx
nponnnnnja - Enpona, Tpaxnja, Xemnmonr, Poonn, Mesnja n Cxnrnja, xojy cy neh no
sny uyneny onacr nenrn]nxannje ca cpncxom - Capmarnjy, npocro npernocranane.
Bro ce rnue rese, xoja je raxohe osnornamena, a cy crapn Hnnpn ncro raxo nexn
nporocpncxn ernnx, o rome Ba]apnx, xaxe cneehe: Jep a cy crapn Hnnpn nnn
crnapno ncrpeenn, re a Cnonenn nemajy nnmra pyro o ''pasponane rpaone no
nenoj Hnnpnjn'', nnn a cy namnn nycrnny es yn, xaxo n ona omno o rora, a
jom n anac nocroje cna nmena, xoja cy cnomenynn crapn reorpa]n n ncropnuapn y
163
Hnnpnjn n Tpaxnjn, ys nesnarne nsmene? Fes nenocpenor jesnuxor nacneha mehy
ynma, ro n ce morno ojacnnrn jom jenno oxancxnm orxpnhem (durch eine
gttliche Revelation erklrbar). (ucmo, c. 151)
V cnojnm C.aefaucru+ cmaporumuocmu+a (I, 98), naxon nsnohena
cneouancrana o pacnpocrpanenocrn cpncxor nmena n neronnx nsneennna, on xaxe:
Ein so uralter, in der Heimat tief eingewurzetel, bei den Fremden ungewhnlicher Name
kann seinen Ursprung und seine Bedeutung am natrlichsten nur in seiner Heimat
gefnden haben. (Jeno raxo npacrapo n y sannuajy yoxo yxopeneno nme, a sa
crpanne neonuno, morno je a non cnoje nopexno n a nma najnpnponnje snauene
camo na cnom sannuajnom rny) P. J. Schaffarik, Slawische Alterthm, Band I, Leipzig,
1843, c. 98)
Hcrnna, y cnom eny Geschichte der Slawischen Sprache und Literatur,
Ba]apnx xaxe n ono: Cacnnm je moryhe, a cy Cnonenn onenn cnonno nncmo
(Buchstabenschrift) ns Hnnje, ann snane nncana (Schriftskunde), xoje cy npnpono,
noceonann camo manopojnn, mopano ce nsrynrn sor neunror nyrana ronnxnx
nnemena; nensnecno je, a nn je o ror npacrapor nncma (Uralphabet) nemro npemno
y hnpnnnny nnn ne. Hpacrape necme, xoje cy rex y najnonnje npeme cpehom orxpnnene
xo uexa n xo Pyca, ox cy xo Cpa capane, yxasyjy na nnxony opnrnnannocr n
uncrory na mnoro pannje yxonno ]opmnpane napoa, nero mro ce ro onuno ysnma,
na cnaxome ynaa y oun, a mnore no nnxonom npnnaany cexy y yoxe nepnoe (in
die heidnische Periode gehren)" (ma+o, crp. 18) Hpema rom crapom npeany, y xoje
Ba]apnx na xanocr ne sanasn ye, crapn cnonencxn or Cnapor nnn 'namxn'
Cnapyn, xao or orona crapor nanreona ca najnnmer nea, xperao ce y ra oa mehy
cmprnnnnma, nyryjyhn o mecra o mecra n npoyuanajyhn xnnor yn. unnehn ro,
ocranao je ynma nopyxe n noyxe, ypesyjyhn nncmena y xopy o pnera, re je na
raj naunn nacrano nncmo, xoje cy mornn a unrajy camo yuenn rarapn n npauenn,
npoponn n cnemrennnn. On je xacnnje y rome noyuno n cnna Hepyna nnn
Ipomonnnxa, na je neponarno a cy n npxonna cpncxa oxancrna, npema B.
uajxanonnhy n M. Fynmnpy a(j)or n a(j)ae, raxohe nna mohna y nncmenocrn.
Taxo nmamo n crnxone naponnx necama ns Iopne Kpajnne, re ce xaxe:
Knnry nnme cam or ns neeca, / Ha je mae Mapxy npnxo mopa. Maa he nam ona
]onxnopna npeana nasa osnnarn y cehane memo]on najcrapnjnx xanannrera
nncmenocrn, ona cy cacnnm opa nonora sa saxyuax a xnnra xoja naa ns
neeca nnn onasn npexo mopa, npnnaa nansemacxnm nnnnnnsannjama, xoje cy y
crapnnn nocehnnane 3emy n npenocnne cnoja snana n nemrnne na nene cranonnnxe.
Pennmo a je nocrojana moryhnocr cnanjer yuena nnn cnoamner npnmana ca
crpaxonnrnm xomnynsnjama y ynorpen, xoja je onjeny nncmenocr nparmarnsonana
o neoma cneennx ]opmn, nnn o 'nspasa xee' y sanncy oojenor ocehajem najneher
rajancrnenor mornna onmrena (rsn. 'nornnnn sanncn' ns Bnnue).
Orya 9000. r. cr. e. crapo nncmo naheno na Henencxom Bnpy, ca cnojnm
nornnnnm sanncnma o nony jenena nnn neponarno xeama sa naroahy na onynnma
oxo nexponona, ne moxe a ce nopen ca pasnnjenom xnnxennomhy crapnx cymepcxo-
axacxnx cnenona Euv+a E.uu nnn En o Iu.ea+euv, xao nn ca Eeunamcro+ rnueo+
+pmeux, maxap nx ra nncmenocr n npeopehnnana. Mehyrnm, Hcmopufcra
ouo.uomera noopa ca Cnnnnnje y xn. III, rn. 67., ronopn o nocrojany encxnx
necnnxa xojn cy nncann cnoje necme na nenamxom jesnxy ys nomoh crapor nncma, a
164
jean je o nnx Op]ej. Moepnn cancxpronosn y rome pao nne yrnnaj
crapocancxprcxor, necxor jesnxa, cmarpajyhn a je najcrapnja anxancxa rpannnja
ca neuarom necxnx yrnnaja, ox n anexo nopmannnja nna npernocranxa nexnx
nnxnx anecrnuxnx nnn cymepcxo-nannnoncxnx. Hpema noopy Cnnnncxom
nenamxnm ce nncmom cnyxno n pyrn nerenapnn nenau, Hnn, xojn cnonn sa
Op]ejenor yunrea. On je nosnar no xaxn O npeo+ uouucv: Ho npeany, Hnn je,
nnmyhn cnonnma Henacra ocranno mnroc o ennma npnor nonnca, xao n pyre
npnue. Taxohe ce cnyxno rnm cnonnma Henacra Op]ej n Hponann, Xomepon
yunre. (III, 67) On cnomnne n Tnmoreja, Haomeononor, xojn je nanncao cnen
4pueufa o nonnconom xnnory: Cnyxehn ce snannma npnnx Henacra n nenamxnm
ronopom (III, 67). V A.recmu Enpnnnonoj (cr. 966-969), xasyje xaxo ce o cynne
ne moxe noehn: nema nexa nn y rpauxnm rannnama, na xojnma je ncnncana
Op]ejena peu. Fanxancxo-nenamxa nncmenocr rnme onja onono camocrannnx
nornpa, es osnpa na onmrn xapaxrep npnxpnnana rpannnja. Jena o nornpa a
je nncmenocr nnax crajana pyraunje o yonuajenor mnmena, xaxo cy je nsymenn n
npenenn uennuann, nanasn ce n xo Ernjen Knannjea, Hcmopufa uafcmapufee oooa
Ip:re (I, 2, 1809), re nnme: nonncnje Tpauxn - Cxonnje xoje npare cnnc onor
nonncnja, capxe jean snauajan onomax, npener xo uapnnnja n ro onaj: 'Hma nx
xojn rnpe a cy ce cnona, xojnma ce mn cnyxnmo, nprana c nnmhem ]ennxca, nnn
nanme, npomnpnna mehy ynma n a cy ona saro nposnana ]ennuancxnm. Ho onoj
nepsnjn, axne, panno n ce o jenoj nrpn peun, xoja nponsnasn ns unnennne a
Ipnn nmajy ncro nme sa nanmy n sa uennuane, na ocnony uera je crnopeno onmre
onymreno mnmene, no xome n rpuxa cnona nna ]ennuancxor nopexna.' (ucmo,
crp. 16., r. I) H y crapoj naponoj necmn ns Byxone snpxe, euuooa Marcu+a
Hpuofeeuha, nanase ce xapaxrpncrnunn crnxonn: Ha hy xnarar nncrax ecxonnne / A
moje hy nnne narpnrn, / ox npoxane xpnna ns opasa, / Ho nncry hy nncarn
jasnjy, mro ne y npnnor onanany cauynanor memo]ona o nncany na nnmhy
(Plin., Hist. nat., XB, 69 - in palmarum folii). Hma n mano naxocrn y rome, xaa
Ba]apnx, onnuan ]nnoco] ncropnje xojn je cmarpao a ncropnjcxa snrnja
ocneranajy nyr ]nnonomxe mnxpo]nnnje, jenaxo xao n Mnnan Fynmnp, nnme:
Cnonenn cy nmann cnojy asyxy, xoja ce snana yxnnna, nnn ornnenna, necymnnno
saro, mro cy nennm nocpecrnom ojannnane oxancxe sapane n casnana sa npeme
nepcxnx opea.
A a cy o npaannnx npemena nncann cnoje saxone na ranama, sa ro nocroje
nnmecrpyxn n necymnnnn oxasn! Hsmehy ocranor, y cenepnnm npnuama '3arama',
naxnnn cy jom y anno oa Cnonenn yonmre ysen xao npocnehenn. Taxo cy na np.
Hopmann cnann y 'semy Bana', rj. cenepnnx Cpa, unjn cy ocrann anamnn Hyxnuxn
Cpn, xoje Hemnn nasnnajy jom ynex Bennma, cnoje orone n cnoje cnanne ye a
xo nnx crexny snana n mypocrn. Taxo je omno o rora a cy onn o 'Bana' ysenn
ne camo mnomrno peun, neh n nnme oxancrana, unja nmena cy pannje ynorpeanann
xao cnnonnme ynopeo ca cnojnm (Schaff., ber die Abkunft der Slawen, nach L.
Surowiecki, c. 45). C pyre crpane, y Hnarononoj ']nnoco]njn jesnxa' xojy je on
nsnoxno y njanory o nopexny peun - Kpamu., nannasnmo na onaxne ncxase:
Mncnnm a cy Ipnn, a napounro onn xojn cy ca napnapnma caxnnenn, mnora nmena
o napnapa n ysenn. (421 c). Coxpar he ry ae pehn a ce onome mro ne snamo
npnnncyje napnapcxn xapaxrep. Fyyhn a cy peun nne cnaxojaxo npeoxperane, ne n
165
nno nnxaxno uyo a ce crapn rpuxn jesnx, ynopehen ca caamnnm napnapcxnm o
nera nnmano nnje pasnnxonao. Bpxynan one cymnnuanocrn nponja y cneehem
Coxparonom xasnnany: O rora nemamo nnmra oe, na ocnony uera ncmo
ycranonnnn ncrnny o npnnm nmennma nnn, rpea nn a xao necnnnn rparenja, xaa
cy y nexoj remxohn, a npnernemo neouexnnanocrn (mamnnn) xoja nsnxe orone?
Tpea nn n mn a ce raxo nsnyuemo (n a xaxemo) a cy npne peun ycranonnnn
oronn, re a cy saro raune? nnn, a cmo nx npeysenn o napnapa, re a cy napnapn o
nac crapnjn? (Hn., Kpam. 425 e) V crynjn Ipu rao n.e+eucru u fesu:ru cpoouuu
C.oeeua, npnxasano ncropnjcxn n ]nnonomxn, (Pressburg, 1828), Iperop anxoncxn
sa one Hnaronone neoymnne xaxe: Tpauxo (slawische) crano mnoro npe nero rpuxo
namno ce na nyry snana; jep Op]ej, cnannn npeax Cnonena (xojn je xnneo 1000 nnn
2000 ronne npe Hnarona; npeme Op]ejenor xnnora ne raxo anexo y npomnocr a
nn cam Hnaron nnme nnje morao a ra open) Op]ej je, axne, no npnn nepcxn
yunre y Ipuxoj, a neronn yuennnn nnn cy nponanasaun ]nnoco]cxor jesnxa.
Hnaron, xora cy sor nerone mypocrn nasnann oxancxnm, xaxe, a y rpuxom jesnxy
nma mnoro peun, xoje ncronpemeno npnnaajy ronopnoj nemrnnn napnapa; on nanon
na np. peu \op (noa), n xojom ce cnyxe raxohe n upnxann (ma+o, c. 22)
Cmarpajyhn a samena rnacona onasnna y osnp, on ce nosnna n na Hnaronony nsjany
xaxo je Zuyov nno npnonrno yoron nnn ''noron'' ''sor ne ynpernyre xnnornne
sa nohene'' (Hn. Kpam .418, e).
anxoncxn ce ocmenno a nannme n Homerus Slavicis cognata lingua scripsit,
ex ipsius Homeri carmine ostendit, Vindobonae-Posonii, 1829. Ojamnene onor
noyxnara rnacn: Hpna xnnra Hnnjae, crnxonn 1. o 50., xojn na cnonencxom n na
rpuxom ncro snyue, ys oarax nonor narnncxor npenoa c rpuxocnonencxnm
xomenrapom. Vcnenocr onor noyxnara nnax nnje raxna a onpnnocn cynncnocrn.
Kao mro ro ne onpnnocn nn nponsnono mnmene Maprnna Xynxonnua y xnnsn
Die Slaven Ein Urvolk Europas, Kremsier, 1910., xojn ce saao y marepnjy oxasyjyhn
a je pyncxo nncmo cnonencxor nopexna, na ocnony xomeonarnuxe nepsnje snana xao
cnojenpcnor pyncxor nspasa cnecrn y cnnnn. To snane on onenyje xao cnemreno
npeane xoje je saenexeno y nopnjcxom (on cmarpa nporocnonencxom) cneny Ea
Wodan's Runenkunde dartun, denn Edda, - richtig Ueda, Veda - dentet an, da dies
ursprunglich ein Lehrbuch (-'Das Wien') war und nich - 'die Gromutter', wie die
Germanisten den Buchtitel etymologisieren (ramo, crp. 204) V xnnsn Zr Geschichte
der Slaven von der Urzeit bis zur Vlkenwanderung, Kromeri, 1929., anopnn
Xynxonnu ynon n noeny na ''pynnny'' xao cenepnocnonencxo, nencxo nncmo,
'upxonnnny' xao xnnxno nncmo, 'rnaronny' xao snyuno nncmo n 'nanrnnnny' xao
ornamanajyhe, oyme, ne am yenno norxpeneno n nonpnnnuno neoanesno.
3annmnn je n neron nanas na jenom crapom rpoy na unjoj sanoj crpann
crojn sannc: Bozo vraet runa i vlie a vsjal jo.; Boo ritzte die Runen go (die Spange)
und setzte sie ein (die Sicherheitsnadel) /crp. 118/, ann cnaxaxo nperepyje onasehn o
rora a je nnnjcxo neroxnnxje nncano na crapo-cnonencxom die fnf Bucher
Moses ursprnglich altslovenisch verfaht waren, denn die erste bersetzung erfolgte
bekanntlich erst um das Jahr 283-247 vor Chr., u. z. ins Hellenische; ins Lateinische aber
noch etliche Jahrhunderte spoter. (ucmo, crp. 119)
Cnaxaxo a nn onaxne nponene ne onpnnoce mnoro cynncnocrn. To crora, jep
ce nonamajy xao moepna cpecrna nn]opmncana na xojnma nomno ejy rocnoapn
166
na pacnonoxnnom nn]opmarnnnomhy, yyhn a je y onaxnom crany nperexan yeo
nepcxe ropnnocrn n `nonnsanana`, xojn onasn o cnennna sa pasnnxe, nocrnxyhn
cnoamne, rsn. 'onenene' ynnnepsannsme. Horneajmo na rpenyrax npannnnocr
paa ror mexannsma. Crnapn ce oprannsyjy oxo menja xojn nsmnmajy 'npenocrn'
nnn npajy mehy nnma najcnoconnje sa onexoneuene nexe nnaajyhe neonornje.
Konua je saxonuana: menjn n nopyxe ce noyapajy am no noxenoj cxemn, xoja
npenocn nopyxy, na renennsnja n nenn cyporarn cnyxe ncrom nny, jep yunpmhyjy n
pamarnsyjy cxnarana xoja crnapajy oxnnp nonamana pymrna.
Inanna nopyxa je nna yuenocr, ca rexnnuxnm npnmenama xoje nornuy o ne,
n xoje napounro cnyxe xao rapannnja, ycnyr y ymonnma xao n censnnnnrernma
]nnoco]cxnx n pymrnennx reopnja, a naa y oun ananornja ca pennrnjom ns npemena
xa je npxna nna jaxa. Janno mnene moxe a ce nonocn mro je no e]nnnnnjn ono
jenno npeno n npnxnarnno o onor mro ce uyje, jep cne mro nspaxana nemro
pyro jecre 'nnuno mnmene', mro je y rom xonrexcry rpernpano xao npepacya. To
ne ynasn y marnunn xpyr xoncensyca, yronnxo esycnonnnje, yxonnxo ne nocrojn nn
jean cncrem pe]epennn ocnm nera. Heonornja nnje nnme ocnopanana ocnm
cnopanuno, ojaxnno, xpos ncrannny na maprnnn pymrna, onor xoje je nocrano:
norpomauxo pymrno, nncxa n npocrauxa xynrypa, pymnnauxn n xnanncann
xeonnsam, snoynorpea menja; a cpecrna xoja cy my na pacnonarany ananorna cy
ca onnm mro xapaxrepnme pennrnjy y npe-moepnnm nnnnnnsannjama: jean
nnrenexryannn n nsnemrauenn cner xojn je nonnmranao pyra jesrpa, nepe n
cxnarana, xao pannonanno nporpamnpana nnaannna pesona n narocrana.
Hnnrnncrnuxa mnxporpa]nja ca nornpama xoje nponanasn y oxymenrnma
crapnnapnnna moxe a saxyun xaxo je jean eo Tpaxo-nnnpcxnx napoa, sanpano
cpncxn, xojn ce nanasn y annnnn y xopnycy nenamxnx napoa. Hnnpcxn Cpn, rj.
noynancxn n anxancxn Cpn nporexy ce o Hcrepa o Hpononrna y raxo yoxy
npomnocr, a ona nocraje nenposnpna n y ernmonomxnm ncrpaxnnannma. yx ce ne
cenn rex raxo n ne npeaje cnojy axy pyrnm naponma, a onn neryjy, ynanpehyjy
n noce nnxony cnernocr, nero ce camo ra cnernocr cmanyje nnn ynehana, yrnuyhn n
na pyre a je nane n ysrajajy xonnxo nm je y cnasn. V rom cmncny n Hpanocnane
nma cnoje ocrojno mecro y xonnxo nnunom, ronnxo n onuajnom yxy, jep For je ory
ecxpajnn n ecnouernn ncxon xojn ce cnmonnuxn mann]ecryje y cnojnm eneprnjama
n nmennma, unnehn ocnon npxnenom npeany ycnajanom y jyroncrounoj Enponn. Jom
y uerpnaecrom nexy cnop nneen na reonomxoj pannn nmao je npnnnnnnjenan
xapaxrep, jep je sa napnaamcxe xymanncre n nopone pannonanne reonore penecanca
npnnnnnnjenan ocrao camo ancrpaxrnn nojam Fora, a nerone mann]ecrannje y
rnopennnn n camo nme Foxnje, nnme nncy nne For, neh pannonannsam xoncrpyxnnje
rnapnor nauena: To ce n oronno xo Bapnaama, a je For xao camocranan npemer
n cymracrno ocrao cam no cen y nny anconyrne necasnarnnocrn, a eneprnje y
nny nnxonor nosnanana n pamunanenocrn, ocnene cy o nornyne onojenocrn o
Fora n cmarpane cy rnapnnm. Tnme je ojenom noxonana n xpnmhancxa
rpancneenrnocr Fora, rj. Berona nernapnocr, n nnaroncxo nepasnnxonane rnapnor n
nernapnor y mncrnuxom ncxycrny. Crora je nno cacnnm pasymnno n ocnonano
pasjapnnane napnaamnra npornn cnnx npaxrnxa cnemrene ncnxnje ca nennm
anconyrno pasronernnm pasnnxonanem uonexa n orouonexa, opea n rajne, c nemom
mncrnunom rexnnxom camoncnnrnnana, camonocrnana, ncnonen, ncajnnx n
167
cpaunnx ocehana...Bapnaamcxn yannsam c jauanem pannonannsma, nocraje
rapmesufaucmeo n orasuoua.usa+, npn jauany cyjexrnnnsma (xojn ne moxe a ne
jaua, jep For je - necasnarnna crnap-y-cen, a ono mro ce a casnarn crnapa
cyjexr) - raumufaucmeo, a npn cnaeny ocehaja sa rpancnenenrno (a nera ne
moxe a ne ye jep je o camor nouerxa ono najnaxnnje npornameno
necasnarnnnm) nosumueusa+; nr. nr. Peujy, axo je Tanopcxo Cnerno neoenno
o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome cam For (maa For Cam nnje cnernocr) raa je
npanocnane cnaceno, nnn axo je Cnerno oenno o cymracrna Foxnjer n no rome je
rnap - raa nounny anoxannnrnuxn rpuenn penecancnor 3anaa (Anexce
ueooponnu Hocen, O:epru aumu:uoeo cu+eo.us+a u +uqo.oeuu, Mocxna, 1993.,
crp. 872-873.) Ounrnene npornnpeunocrn xoje nanon one Hocen, nncy pesepnncane
camo sa sanane reopernuape n nncne. Taxo je y nnsanrnjcxom nomnnannsmy
Hnhn]op Ipnropa sacrynao ynepene a cy neje camo nmena xoja ce crnapajy y ymy, n
nnmra nnme, a Ipnropnje Hanama my je oronopno nponnuno a o rome raxo mncne
camo ]nnoco]n, yyhn a cy sa orocnone orxpnnena n janana Foxnjnx
eneprnja naxnn anonxrnuxn, a ne njanexrnuxn cnnornsmn. Cnaxaxo, xaa ce nonyue
xoncexnenrna nnnnja, cnop je nauenan: Bapnaamonnn cy sanpano yn none enoxe,
npnn yn penecance. Cacnnm je pasymnno ro mro je Bapnaam sacnyxan sa
pacnpocrpannnane rpuxor jesnxa n rpuxe xnnxennocrn y Hrannjn, mro je npenono
rpuxe ayrope na narnncxn n narnncxe na rpuxn jesnx n mro je am on no yunre
Herpapxe n Foxaua ca xojnma nounne noxper xymannsma y XIV cronehy. axne,
ynpano penecanca, a norom n nporecranrnsam (cnaxo na cnoj naunn) nacroje a cnoje
xpnmhancrno n narancrno; ann, ro nma sa nocnenny a penecanca naa y yannsam n
arnocrnnnsam y xome ce namao n Bapnaam, y narypannsam n pannonannsam y xojnma
he ce nahn neronn yuennnn; anaremnmyhn Bapnaama n Axnnna Hpanocnanna Hpxna
je 1351. na caopy y Koncranrnnonoy anaremncana n naonasehy penecancy, xoja he
openrn ae nocrojane cner sananor cnera, jep opnnanem o npnnnnna
penecance, uonex npecraje nrn sananaxom. /Mnnan Vsenan, Hcmopufa qu.osoqufe,
Honn Ca, 2004., crp. 235/
Cnecr xpos xojy ce pasnnja cnoona n ne]onuna xonexrnnna cnecr xao nspas
connjererno-nonnrnuxnx nnn npaxrnuxnx npnnna, o xojnx cy najnaxnnje
pasopnrocr n connapnocr mro noe nanpeonannma y pasymenany n camnm rnme
noomanajyhem menany nnxa crnapnocrn, jecre ono mro je sancra norpeno. Tese o
'sananom ycrny' xao 'nonecnom napoy' sa pasnnxy o pyrnx xojn ne noceyjy
cymrnny n rnme ce cnoono sanemapyjy, nnje camo ]nnonomxa resa xopnsma, re
onn ns 'Crape Enpone' - 'pelasgische' (nnxepaspeno-npnmnrnnnn nnn nouernn),
cnyxe a ce onje rex nexa nosa ymnmennx nnrenexryanana, nero je ona nrexaxo
npaxrnxonana y nponaranne cnxe y oa cnercxa para xao npnmar 'nnnnnnsonanocrn'
xojy 'npnmnrnnnn' mopajy a cnymajy, maxap rononnma. Tn 'sanann napon' xao
'nonecno ycrno' noxasyjy nennxy renroncxo-aronanny arpecnnnocr, ann ox ro je
ro raxo, remxo a he mohn nemro a yunne y norney ncrnncxe xynrype n pasnnjene
emoxparnje. Vxonnxo ce ne ncnpnemo na norpemne norpee, sacnrypno he ce xo nac
nahn jom mnoro mra, mro he cnojnm npenopyxama a npyxn narornopny nomoh nama
camnma, a sarnm n cnnma onnma xojn je ocere xao opoomny n norpeny.


168

CRXET:
HOHHHHIE OKVMEHTI O CEPFCKOH CTAPHHE H 3HAuEHHE
HOHTH CHOBO V CHOBHCKHX HAPOOB

Hanonee pennne oxymenrantnte annte o +rnonnme cepoi mt
onapyxnnaem camoe nosnee n 69 nnn 75 rr. name +pt, n nsnecrno xnnre Hnnnnx
Hennnnx Broporo Hosuauue npupooi (cm.: Plinii Caecilii Secundi Historia naturalis,
VI, c.7, 19/ Leipzig, 1875). 3ect mt ncrpeuaem annt +rnonnm n
narnnnsnponanno ]opme - Serbi. Anrnunt anrop ocnonno nnmer: "A Cimmerio
accolunt Maeotici, Vali, Serbi, Zingi, Psesii" (Kpome xnmmepan npoxnnamr meornnt,
nant, cept, snnrn, ncecn). Mecrnocrt, re nnepnte uerxo sa]nxcnponan cepcxn
+rnonnm, nexnr cenepo-nocrounee Foc]opa y Knmmepana, Capmara n Mexana
62
.
Cnycrx nent nex nocne +roro yxasannx Hnnnnx (camoe nosnee, n 175 r. n.+.)
ynomnnanne nmenn cepon ncrpeuaercx n nponsneennn Ieoepaqu nennxoro
ernnercxoro yuenoro Knannx Hronomex, cosananmero cnon nponsneennx na
pennerpeuecxom xstxe: "Mctuu oc tev Kcpuuvioe opcev kui tou Pu aotuou
Opivuioi kui Ouuoi kui Lcpoi (Lipoi)" (Merov Kepavucru+u eopa+u u pero Pa
/noce.u.uci/ opuueu u ea.i u cepoi). Kpome +rnx anrponoreorpa]nuecxnx cneenn,
cornacno xoroptm nnemx cepon onrano n paone 3axanxastx n nonrcxom rtny, on
ocrannn nam eme onee nennte cneennx o rom, uro n Hannonnn cymecrnyer ropo-
nocenenne, xoropoe nastnaercx Lcpivo-(Serbinum). 3ror Cepcxn ropo nnn
Cpnna ormeuen na ero xapre Hnxne Hannonnn, nnn Hoynacxoro pernona, re-
ro n Cancxom nopeute, na mecre ceronxmne Ipanmxn, nnn, nosmoxno, peut ner
axe o mecrnocrn, nexame cenepo-sananee, nnxe x Cncaxy n 3arpey.
Hponcxoxenne annoro rononnma cnxsano, ouennno, c nmenem xnnmero sect
napoa +ro nn ne nyumee oxasarentcrno roro, uro on nosnnx ne no none nexnx
cnyuano oxasanmnxcx n Hannonnn nnemen nnn pyrnx espontx npnmentnen,
nnmenntx xyntrypno camonenrn]nxannn, xoropax ntpaxaercx, npexe ncero, n
cosnarentnom nontsonannn cocrnenntm nmenem. B nontsy cepcxo +rnmonornn
+roro nanmenonannx cnnerentcrnyer n rononnm Kcanr (nasnanne pexn), uacro
ynomnnaemt eme co npemen Iomepa; anrnunt reorpa] Crpaon (63 19 rr. o
n.+.) ronopnr o nem: "ri0 o 5ov0o o:oo ov lip3rv rxo\v oi po:rpov" /Kar
perv Kcaum Cpoua uasiea.u pauee/ (Strabonis rerum geographicarum libri

62
Kommenrnpyx resnc (xoropt nexoropte pesxo orpnnamr) o rom, uro pennne nnnnpnnt - +ro raxxe nexn
nporocepcxn +rnonnm, Ba]apnx nnmer cneymmee: Hocxontxy pennne nnnnpnnt tnn ecrnnrentno
ncrpenent, ro y cnanxn npoe t ne ocranoct nnuero, xpome pacxonanntx ropoon no nce Hnnnpnn, n na
mecre nx onrannx tna xxot onapyxena esnmnax nycrtnx; no xax rora morno cnyunrtcx, uro n no ce
ent, c nesnaunrentntmn nsmenennxmn, coxpannnnct nce nasnannx, xoropte ynomnnann pennne reorpa]t n
ncropnxn n Hnnnpnn n Tpaxnn? Orpnnax nenocpecrnennoe xstxonoe nacnene, +ro moxno oxcnnrt rontxo
oxecrnentm nponnennem". (ber die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki, Ofen, 1828., c. 151) A n
pyro cnoe paore C.aefaucru cmaporumuocmu (I, 98), npnnex cnnerentcrno o pacnpocrpanennocrn
+rnonnma cepoi n ero nponsnontx, Ba]apnx nnmer: "Ein so uralter, in der Heimat tief eingewurzetel, bei den
Fremden ungewohnlicher Name kann seinen Ursprung und seine Bedeutung am natrlichsten nur in seiner Heimat
gefunden haben."(Cront pennee n cront rnyoxo yxopenennoe na ponne nmx, ne npnntunoe nx nnocrpannen,
moxer necrn cnoe nponcxoxenne n opecrn nanonee ecrecrnennt cmtcn rontxo na cnoe pono
marepnncxo noune) /P. J. Schaffarik, Slawische Alterthmer, Band I, Leipzig, 1843, c. 98/.
169
septemdecim, Basileae, 1571., c. 763/
63
. pyrnm oxymenrantntm ncrounnxom mt
oxsant apmxnnny Moncem Xopencxomy (370-487/492.)
64
, rexcr xoroporo Ba]apnx
n Cyponenxn nepenenn na nemenxn xstx (conpononn ero n narnncxnm
rpancxpnnrom opnrnnana). Hnrnpyem: "Das Land der Thraken liegt ostlich von
Dalmatien bei Sarmatien; und es hat Thrakien fnf kleinere Provinzen und eine Grosse,
in welcher fnf slawische Geschlechter sind, in deren Sitze die Gothen einwanderten;
auch hat es Berge, Fsse, Seen, und Inseln, und zur Hauptstadt das glkchliche
Constantinopel." (Cmpaua mpa:au .erum eocmo:uee a.+auu v Cap+amuu, u
Tparu u+eem nmi +a.ix u oouv oo.iuvm npoeuuum, eoe ruevm nmi c.aeucrux
n.e+eu u eoe oope.u npumm u eomi, u+emuue eopooa, peru, +op u ocmpoea, no
pasuie cmopoui om e.aeuoeo eopooa c:acm.ueoeo Koucmaumuuono.). Ha crpannne
143 nnrnpyemoro counnennx (O npoucxoroeuuu c.aeu), Ba]apnx npnnonr nmena
rex nponnnnn Enpona, Tpaxnx, Xemnmonr, Poont, Mesnx n Cxn]nx, a raxxe
Capmarnx. uro xacaercx cnopnoro resnca o rom, uro cept n cnanxne rontxo nocne VI
nexa name +pt nocennnnct na reppnropnn Fanxan, ro Ba]apnx na ce cuer

63
3rn uertpe nonnnntx cnnerentcrna, x xoroptm cept ne nmemr nnxaxoro ornomennx n xoropte ne
nouepnnyrt ns, nosmoxno, npncrpacrntx cnanxncxnx ncrounnxon, xnnxmr coo nyumee oxasarentcrno
]nsnuecxoro npncyrcrnnx cepon n 3axanxaste n Hnxne Hannonnn n nauane name +pt. Hentsx cxasart, uro
mt ne nmeem cnanxncxnx oxymenron, nocnxmenntx romy nepnoy, no onn arnponant XI nexom
(xonramnnnponant xpncrnancxnmn nsrnxamn na mnp). Hs cxasannoro ne cneyer, uro namn nnxer rontxo
xenanne crart aenrom pnmcxoro repmnnonornuecxoro xopnyca rononnmon. Cxaxem, H.upur xax Hnmpnx,
Hnopnx nmeer n nexym cnxst c Hnnocom (pennemnm rpoxncxnm orpeuecxnm mnnn-rocyapcrnom),
ynomnnaemtm n Hoeecmu epe+euuix .em Hecropa; n rom xe yxe ntepxano n yrnepxenne, uro cnanxne neyr
cnoe nponcxoxenne ns Hoynantx. Kpome +ro neocnopnmo oxymenrannn, cymecrnyer n nent px
+rnonnmon, cnnonnmnuntx +rnonnmy cepoi, anntx +romy napoy rpexo-pnmcxnmn ncropnxamn, uevpi,
ovouui, ru++epi, cap+ami (Iepoor), eeueoi (Tannr, Hronome, Hopanec), aumi, cnopi, na.i (Hpoxonn) n
r.. B cnoe xnnre o nponcxoxennn cepon, onynnxonanno eme n nauane npomnoro nexa, o rom nncan
xpynnemn cepcxn cnanncr c mnpontm nmenem Hanen Hocn] Ba]apnx; npn +rom on ne onycxan n mtcnn
o rom, urot nacrt yxom nepe nnnom yxonno oxxynannn xax rposno-nnsanrncxoro nesape-nanncrcxoro
anropnrera, rax n nocneymmnx nanrepmancxnx ncropnuecxnx xonnsmon, cxonnenrpnponanntx n r.n.
nopnuecxo mxone. Cno ntno on oomnn n cneymmnx cnonax: B camom ene, ynnnrentno, uro mt
npnnnctnaem +rnm pennnm anropam ncesnanne n nenorpemnmocrt, o uem camn onn axe ne meurann! Bo
mnornx mecrax Crpaon npnsnaer, uro nn on, nn ero npemecrnennnxn o annom npemere nnuero onee
erantnoro n onpeenennoro ne neann. Hpana, Hronome copan n pasntx pennnx n conpemenntx
ncrounnxax maccy reorpa]nuecxnx nasnann, sacnyxnn nposnnme oxecrnennoro reorpa]a, no nce-raxn n on
nonan t nnpocax, ecnn t nonyunn npenoxenne nponsnecrn nx xnaccn]nxannm, ncxox ns xstxonoro nnn
axe xponnoro pocrna napoon, x xoroptm ornocxrcx +rn nasnannx.
64
Tannr, nsnecrnt xax rnannt ncrounnx cneenn o Iepmannn, xoropt, nnpouem, cxnonen ncrynart n
npornnopeune cam c coo, c pyrnmn anropamn n axe c ncropnuecxnmn ]axramn n npnpoo neme,
npnsnaercx, uro nnuero rouno ne snaer o nsanmoornomennxx n pocrne repmannen, neneon n capmaron, xorx n
tnan n Iepmannn. A nycrocnonne Hpoxonnx o cxn]o-rorax n capmaro-repmannax onxno (nomnmo npouero)
xnnxrt nam xanonnuecxoe nstcxanne o reneanornn napoon! Her yx! Cnnerentcrna n roro, n pyroro, n mnornx
pyrnx noontx cnnerene n annom cnyuae ne moryr trt pemammnmn; nyrenono nnrtm n xoxennxx
no raxomy nanpnnry nam moxer nocnyxnrt rontxo n nonnom cmtcne nccneonarentcxn, npannnt n
nceoxnarnt rpy. /Paul Joseph Schaffarik nach Lorenz Surowiecki, ber die Abkunft der Slawen, Ofen, 1828, c.
80/. Hmenno raxnm rpyom meroonornuecxn n coepxarentno npecraer ero nyxromnoe nponsneenne
C.aeucrue opeeuocmu (Hpara, 1836; 1837); sect n nourn ncuepntnammem nne n n conepmenno nayuno
]opme npecrannen nect penenanrnt ncropnuecxn marepnan, nnaue ronopx, cnx xnnra yxe coepxnr
npenoctnxn n nmnyntct, neoxonmte nx yrnynenno remarnuecxo paspaorxn raxo nponemt, xax
mnpora ncropnuecxnx xnnenn n xonrexcre namero paccmorpennx. Honnnnt ]enomen raxo apxeorpa]nn,
xnnxmmn coo ne rontxo uncrt +nn]enomen ncropnn nnn +]emepnt npnspax nexoero esnnunoro poxa
cytt, ecrt n ]enomen cepcxoro nmenn, xoropt naroapx raxo cnoe nnocracn nponnaercx x nam cxnost
ncm oxymenrannm n samn]ponannte nocnannx, orpaxaxct n cxyntx neonepmenntx xaprnnax +noxantntx
cnepmenn. Hama saaua nonxrt +ror ]enomen, no +roro nentsx cenart es ero pexoncrpyxnnn n
npannntnoro ncronxonannx.

170
ntcxasancx ncxnmunrentno xpnrnuno: Touno rax xe ner neocrarxa n
ncropnuecxnx macrepax, xoropte xorenn t npensorn napx Koncranrnna, no-
cnoemy rpaxryx ouennnte reorpa]nuecxne cneennx. Haunem c roro, uro na ocnone
xopomo nsnecrnoro ns rpyon Ba]apnxa rononnma Baribaria nnn Bagivaria cnonno
no manonennm nonmeno nanouxn nosnnxnn Babigoria, Babje gorz - nasnanne ono
ns nepmnn Kapnar, ena nsnecrnoe mecrntm xnrenxm, a yuenomy mnpy - rontxo ns
paor nyroma, xorx, c pyro cropont, ono c nourn yxnantno rounocrtm
coornercrnyer narnncxo-]panxncxnm rononnmam Fajoapna, Fajynapna, Fajoapna,
Fojoapna; no snyuannm +ro nasnanne ecrnnrentno noxoxe na xapnarcxn ropnt
rononnm, onaxo, n nmom cnyuae ero nnxora ne cntmano yxo Koncranrnna.
Orcma nanpamnnaercx ntno, uro naponax monna exana or ono ropt o
pyro, nornepxenne uemy nmyr n rom oxcnennn, uro cept epxann
oparnt nyrt uepes Fenrpa (rax xe, xax ecnn t xouymmne ronnt nnrannct ns
Maxeonnn n uexnm n Bnesnm no reomerpnuecxn npxmo nnnnn, nepecexamme
ropnte xpert Bapt n Benenra). Kpome roro, ntxonr, uro, no mnennm
Koncranrnna, cenepno-xapnarcxax Xopnarnx (Chrowatine) n Cepnx naxoxrcx n
Iannnnn n na Bontnn, no sa nenmennem xaprt n ns-sa nesnannx reorpa]nn on ncero
nnmt omnouno ntpasnn cnom mtcnt. Oxorno npnsnam, uro nmneparop ne
pacnonaran nencxo nnn napnxcxo xapro Bennxo Kpoarnn n Cepnn,
cocrannenno n renepantnom mrae; onaxo, ne mory npnnncart emy cront o
nenepoxrnocrn acypnoe nesnanne reorpa]nn, no npnunne uero npexn ero
noanntx oxasannct npyr n pyccxo Cepnn; rem onee, n pyrom mecre o
nonoxennn nocnennx on ntpasnncx c yonnernopennem, ormernn, uro onn
nounnent ]panxncxomy xoponm Ory, ns nnaenn xoroporo nx ctnontx
nanpannnnct n Hnnpnxym, nonyunn no nacnecrny yst ]panxncxoro pacrna. Ho
ror ]axr, uro Koncranrnn c necomnenno onpeenennocrtm nosnonnn nepecennrt
ero Horwati ns uemcxo-mnescxo Xopnarnn n ero cepon ns uemcxo-macencxo-
nyxnnxo Cepnn, onxen tn t y ncex npocnemenntx n nspocntx nme ntsnart
comnennx n ocronepnocrn +roro ntcxastnannx. Ho c raxnm noxoom nnxora ne
cornacnrcx ror, xro na ocnone snannx ncropnn n cnanxncxnx xstxon npnopen
rnepoe yexenne n rom, uro, no-nepntx, conpemennte cnanxncxne nanexrt n
nenom nnn nx mante ornernnennx cymecrnonann yxe n VII nexe, a, no-nroptx,
nnnnpncxne cept n xopnart rontxo n cepenne VII nexa ooconnnct or
nyxnnxnx n mnesncxnx nnemen. Cepcxoe nnemx na 3nte n nnemx na Cane n
xstxonom ornomennn anexo orcroxnn pyr or pyra, a noromy n VII nexe ne mornn
ronopnrt na onom nanexre, xax ne mornn npnnanexart x onomy n romy xe
nnemenn. Ecnn t Koncranrnn uepnan cnon snannx cyryo ns nnctmenntx nnn
ycrntx ncrounnxon n oomencx t es ntymox o cepcxom nocenennn no
Xepaxnnycom na Haliakomon-y, noxnnnmnxcx cnycrx rpn cronernx n onom
nonnrnuecxom anonore, ro on nsexan t raxo rpyo omnxn Fnaroapx
nmesnocrn P.Arsenius Anthimosian, unena Mexnrapncxoro omecrna n Benennn,
sacnyxennoro nponaranncra pennrnosno n nnreparypno xyntrypt apmxn, mt
nmeem nosmoxnocrt nocnponsnecrn xonnm rexcra na xstxe opnrnnana, nonyuennym
nocne rmarentno cnepxn c nanonee nenntmn n pennnmn pyxonncxmn
ntmeyxasannoro ncropnxa, no, ynt, ne na ocnone camo pyxonncn. Texcr rnacnr
(c.140 opnrnnana, nnrara narnnnne): Tragatzotz aschcharhn harewelitz galow
171
Dahmadioh, ar jeri Sarmadioh. Jew uni Tragia pokr aschcharhs hing, jew mi mjetz,
horum jen Sglawajin askk jota. Orotz pochanag mdin Kutk. Uni qerins jew kjeds jew
kahaks jew lidschs ghzis jew zertschanig mairakahaku Gonsdandinubaulis". ocnonnt
nepeno: Crpana rpauan nexnr nocrounee anmannn y Capmarnn, n Tpaxnx nmeer
nxrt mantx n ony ontmym nponnnnnm, re /xnnyr/ nxrt cnanxncxnx nnemen, n
utnx ouarax nocennnnct rort; re nmemrcx n ropt, pexn, ropoa, mopx n ocrpona, a n
xauecrne rnannoro ropoa - cuacrnnnt Koncranrnnonont. Cnepnn +ry nnrary c
Bncroncxnm nsannem (Whistonische Ausgabe), naxonm, uro conepmenno
ynymennax ns nny Capmarnx npnneena n +ro nnrare ns ncex pyxonnce n uro
uncno nnemen (cemt), yxasannoe n nyumnx pyxonncxx, npenpameno, x necuacrtm, n
25, uro moxno oxcnnrt rem, uro n apmxncxo nnctmennocrn ouent cxoxn snaxn,
osnauammne nn]pt 7 n 5. Pasnnune raxxe n rom, uro cnono S g l a w a j i n
(enncrnennoe uncno nmenn npnnararentnoro), xoropoe nmeercx n pyxonncxx,
noxnnxercx n oonx roramnnx nsannxx xax Sglawatzotz (mnoxecrnennoe uncno
nmenn cymecrnnrentnoro). Hsnecrno, uro nnreparypnax exrentnocrt Moncex ns
Xopena, ncropnxa n no+ra, nsnecrnoro npemecrnennnxa apmxncxo nnreparypt,
ornocnrcx x nepno nononnne V nexa. Cornacno oxymenram or Arzerun-a, on
ponncx no nropo nononnne V nexa, opasonanne nonyunn n Anexcanpnn, Pnme n
Ipennn n ymep n nospacre ne menee 120 ner. Hsnecrno n ro, uro on tn peantntm
ouennnem nennxnx cotrn, xoropte nponcxonnn nonnsocrn or ero
mecronpetnannx, na nocroxe Enpont n na sanae Asnn. Ornocnrentno npannnocrn
n uacrort ncnontsonannx ero, n omem-ro, xparxo, no or roro ne menee
paronenno apmxncxo xponnxn, cneennx nx xoropo on uacrnuno nouepnnyn ns
sanantx counnenn, cymecrnyer cornacne ncex snaxomtx c ne cnennanncron;
onaxo, onn npnepxnnamrcx pasnnuntx mnenn no nonoy xparxoro saxnmuennx o
nosnannn mnpa, xoroptm on conponoxan nce pyxonncn cnoe xponnxn. Apmxne na
nporxxennn nexon npnsnanann +ry xponnxy ero cocrnenntm nponsneennem;
nmenno n ne ecrt ynomxnyroe mecro o cnanxnax (Ba]apnx, ma+ re, c.143).
Hpnsnanne +rnx anntx cnopntmn (npnuem nx otuno npnnnmamr sa omnxy n
pyxonncn nnn nopasymenamr cnyuanoe connaenne c xaxnm-ro neonpeenenntm
+rnonnmom, xoropt nmencx n nny), uro nomno n onxo nocne ncuesnonennx
npecrannrene r.n. pomanrnuno ncropnn n ynopnoro ntrecnennx ns nayxn ncex,
xro nccneyer n mtcnnr anroxronno, - xnnenne onee uem ynnnrentnoe.
Hosnemee ocyxenne, xoropoe uacro rpannunno c nourn orxptrtm npespennem,
ouennno, cnxsano co nsrnxamn, rnyoxo yxopenenntmn n xoncepnarnnntx
nnsanrncxo-xpncrnancxnx nnrepnperannonntx moenxx, uemy n nenxx nenerpannn
nnacrnoro reremonnsma cnococrnonana npaxrnxa uyonnmnoro ncxaxennx ncex
(npounx) ouennntx ]axron, a raxxe nocneymmne nopnuecxne reopnn, xoropte
nxyne c yxe yxopenenntmn nnsanrncxnmn ormamn nnmt yxpennxnn reopernuecxne
oocnonannx yxonnoro n ]nsnuecxoro nopaomennx xopenntx napoon, pan
rpxymero Drang nach Osten; ouennno, nmenno +rn nenn n npecneonann
nnnnnaropt oenx mnpontx non XX nexa. Henax nnexa nnsanrncxnx
ncropnorpa]on, sa ncxnmuennem ropcrxn uecrntx npecrannrene, yrnepxana cnoe
npeycnexnne, nontsyxct onee uem nenaronpnxrntmn n necuacrntmn
ocroxrentcrnamn, n xoroptx oxasanoct cepcxoe (n n nenom cnanxncxoe) nacenenne,
a npaxrnuecxoe neenne nonnrnxn pyrnmn cpecrnamn neno x yrnynennm
172
omymennx neopasnnrocrn n nropocoprnocrn, x paonencrny nepe yxonno
oxxynanne, npn +rom xomnnexc yrpart xopne ouent yauno nnnctnancx n
orxptrym nporpammy xonneprnrcrna n neo]nrnsannn. 3rnonnm ovouui npx nn mor
nponsorn or uero-ro pyroro, xpome xax or cnanxncxoro annenxrnna nrn yan -
trt nrentntm, uro nenycmtcnenno nornepxaer n Ba]apnx: "prinalaegj
dle wij podobnosti ku kmenu windickemu cili srbskemu" (Slov. staro., II, 157; /-
Bvouuu/)
65
, mornnnpyx raxoe nonnmanne onncannem, ncrpeuammemcx y Iepoora. On
coomaer nam o ontmom nnemenn, nmemmem cnerno-ronyte rnasa youxov :r ov
uoup, ptxne nonoct n crpoxmem oma n xpamt ns epena. 3ro crapoxnnt
(uutotovq) n cxoronot (vouoc), xoropte sannmamrcx caonocrnom n nnramrcx
xneom /Iep. Hcm., IV, 108;109/. Cctnaxct na yxasannoe coomenne o cnerno
xomnnexnnn n o xcnnorexroncxo apxnrexrype, ynomnnax o rocrenpnnmcrne
nnemenn, xoropoe nosnonxer npnmentnam cnannrt ora nonnca, Ba]apnx cunraer,
uro +rn nmn, rax xe, xax n neypt, cnanxncxoro nponcxoxennx, rounee, nnncxoro
nnn cepcxoro. 3ro cornacyercx n c rexcrom Ieoepaquu Hronomex (1, 3, c.5): Cuoea,
+erov Hevruuo+ u Bacmpauo+, ranpuuu, eiue romopix eeouui u.u oooeui
(ooouui). Hx ynomnnaer n Homnonn Mena, yxastnax, uro ynnt n renonnt
nacenxmr epenxnnte ropoa; o rom xe nnmer n Hnnnn: "A Taphris per contineutem
introrsus tenent Auchretae apud quos Hypanis oritur: Neuri apud quos Borysthenes,
Geloni, Thussagetae, Budini, Basilidae et caeruleo capillo Agathyrsi" (Om Taqpuca
pacmuv.uci onupamuuec ua avxemoe, romopie cmaue Xunau: uevpi, romopie v
Bopucmeua /uenpa/, ee.oui, mvcaeemi, ovouui, oacu.uoi u aeamupci co
ceem.oeami+u eo.oca+u) /Plinius, Nat. hist., IV, 12., 88/. 3rn rpeuecxne,
ernnercxne n pnmcxne coomennx ononnxmr n counnennx Amnxna Mapnennna,
nennxoro nonxonona, cnyxnnmero y oxstuecxoro nmneparopa Rnnana Anocrara
rnannoxomanymmnm nocrountm nanpannennem co mraom n Cpemcxo Mnrponnne
(ponncx oxono 330 r. n.+., na noenno cnyxe, naunnax c 20 ner, ncxope cran
o]nnepom rnapnn, n 363 r. conponoxan napx Rnnana Anocrary n noxoe na
Bocrox n, naxonen, n 395 r. nanncan cnoe Res gestae). Hnrnpyem: "Inter hos Neuri
mediterranea incolunt loca, vicini verticibus celsis, quos praeruptos geluque torpentes
aquilones adstringunt. Post quos Budini sunt et Geloni perquam feri, qui debractis
peremptorum hostium cultibus indumenta sibi equisque tegmina conficiunt, bellatrix
gens."(Merov me+ uevpi uace.mm cpeouse+uie +ecma, oopaueuuie r coceo+,
:iu rpv:u cesieamm croeauuie .ioo+ ceeepuie cmpaui. Hoc.e marux eeci+a
cepoumie (s.ie) ovouui u ee.oui, romopie omuu+amm v onvcmouume.e-
uenpume.e rorauvm (rv.imoevm) ooerov u oe.amm ceoe marue re ooeuu;

65
B xpaxx mexy nenpom n cenepo-nocrountmn Kapnaramn onramr cept n cnoe crpane Foxe, cornacno
anntm Hop]nporennra or X nexa n.+. Ho n nomnmo +roro cnnerentcrna, cymecrnyer nornepxenne ]axra nx
onrannx n roramne onacrn r.n. Tpnnontcxo nnnnnnsannn, xoropax cnonmn pennnmn xopnxmn yxonr
no nropoe rtcxuenerne o n.+. Vuent Hyop Hnepne n cnoem rpye Slovanske staroitnosti, Puvod a pocatky
Slovani jinich, V Prage, 1906 /I, 1741/ yxastnaer, uro napo, xoropt Iepoor nastnan uevpa+u, nmen
cymecrnennte npnsnaxn cnanxncxoro +rnoca; ro xe camoe eme panee Ba]apnx xoncrarnponan ornocnrentno
ovouu. Iepoor o rom ronopnn rax: A neypt nmemr cxn]cxne otuan. 3a cpox xnsnn onoro noxonennx o
apnx onn ntnyxent tnn ocrannrt cnom semnm ns-sa onnnx sme. Mnorne smen noxnnxnnct ns nx semnn, a
eme ontme nponnxano nsnne, ns nycrtnn, noxa onn /neypt/ ne tnn ntnyxent ocrannrt semnm n nocennrtcx
cpen ynn. Hoxoxe, uro nce +rn nmn nonmennxn, nocxontxy cxn]t a n renent, nocennnmnecx n Cxn]nn,
ronopxr, uro xaxt neyp pas n ro npenpamaercx n nonxa, a sarem cnona npnoperaer cno nepnotrnt
onnx. Menx onn ne cmornn n +rom ynepnrt, no onn ynopno yrnepxamr, uro +ro npana n axe xnxnyrcx n rom
(Iepoor, Hcmopu, 4, 105).
173
eouucmeeuui uapoo./) /Ammianus Marcellinus, Res gestae, XXXI, c. 2, 14/. 3ro
nnmnn pas nornepxaer xax onpeenennt menrannrer cnanxncxoro nacenennx,
coxpannnmncx n o cero nx (necxontxo nosnee cxoxne nanmennx sanncan n
Manpnxn n cnonx Cmpameee+amax), rax n coomennx Iepoora, yxastnanmero, uro
n Hoynante n n ceronxmne Fauxe naxonnact nsnecrnax "Villa pistrensis", n
xoropo xnnn napnapt, uro ntstnaer neoonnmym acconnannm c ntne
cymecrnymmnm nosmoxno, n na cpemcxo cropone ynax, rononnmom Pnnxx
66
.
Hoonoro poa neotunte cneennx mt moxem ncrpernrt n n anno nsnecrntx n
npnsnanntx counnennxx. Taxona n paora xepxa ueepa o nponcxoxennn n
nepnom noxnnennn na cner nenrpon, a raxxe pyrnx napoon Hpnuepnomoptx -
Aborigines et incunabula Magyarorum ac gentium cognatarum populi pontici, Pontus;
disquisivit Georgius Fejer. - Budae: Typis Regiae Universitatis Hungaricae, 1840. (R 19
Lat III 1). 3ra naneoncropnuecxax n reorpa]nuecxax (nyume cxasart,
anrponoreorpa]nuecxax) paora, xoropym npenocxont nnno]nn n snarox
ncrounnxon ueep ntepxan n cepxanno-npo]eccnonantnom yxe, coepxnr
reorpa]nuecxym xapry, arnponannym 1449 room n nnnmcrpnpymmym pacmnpenne
reppnropnn Poccnn; na ne Alba Serblia" sannmaer reppnropnm nce Hocannnt,
nnxe Antn, a mexy anne n Hontme nexnr Cnanonnx. 3ra xapra nornepxaer
onncanne nsnecrnoro ncropnxa Xentmonta, yxe anno nsnecrnoe ns ero Hemonucu
c.aeu: Haa onxrt cnauana mecramn nmeer momnoe reuenne n uexnn n raxxe y
Copaa, a n cpenem reuennn orenxer cnanxn or caxconnen, pasenxx n nonemn
ramyprcxn nepxonnt npnxo n pemencxn, nnnnaxct n cnannt pnrancxn
oxean. pyrax pexa, ro ecrt Opa, cnycxaxct ns Fopex, nporexaer n cepenne napoa

66
H rocnonn Panno Hemnu ncntran +ro ynnnrentnoe neoymenne: O camom npncyrcrnnn cnanxn na
Fanxanax n annanax xax cnanxncxo, rax n necnanxncxo ncropnorpa]nn coxpannnact oxymenrannx, xoropym
ocrannn Koncranrnn Hop]nporennr; cornacno e, xax nsnecrno, mt ne onapyxnnaem npncyrcrnnx cnanxn na
Fanxanax pantme VI nexa n.+. Ho Hop]nporennr ne xacaercx erane. On ne yxastnaer, xro raxne cnanxne. uro
+ro: nnmt nonax nonna nepecenenn n ocnoennx reppnropn nnn nx nepnax nacrouxa? He conepmann nn re
cnanxne nnmt ouepeno npoptn x cnonm craptm ouaram? Apmxncxn xponorpa] Monce Xopencxn (Moses
Von Chorene), xoropt xnn pantme Hop]nporennra na nentx nxrt cronern, yxastnaer, uro n Tpaxnn eme n ry
+noxy, a, cornacno ero ncrounnxam, n n onee rnyoxom npomnom, n nxrn onacrxx xnnn cemt cnanxncxnx
nnemen. H anee on npoonxaer: Tpaxnx, xax mt snaem, na Fanxancxom nonyocrpone, no na xaxom ocnonannn
conpemennte ncropnorpa]t npenepernn n n nrore orneprnn onot apmxncxoro anropa, nensnecrno, xax
nensnecrno n ro, no xaxnm npnunnam ncropnorpa]t nonemero npemenn nponrnopnponann n orneprnn onot
rorcxoro nncarenx Hopaneca, xoropt raxxe na nentx nxrt cronern xnn panee Hop]nporennra, a mexy rem
on nnmer, uro anrt n nenert na xpynnemnx cnanxncxnx nnemenn. 3ro ne rontxo re nenert, xoroptx mt
ncrpeuaem n Ha]naronnn n na cenepe conpemenno Hrannn, Ancrpnn, Bnenapnn, nnnort o Fanrnxn, no n re
enert, xoropte o Tpoxncxo nont n nocne nee nocennnnct n onacrn cpenero Hoynantx, nont Tnmoxa n
Mopant, nnnort o ncroxa Bapapa, a orrya uepes ceronxmnmm uepnoropnm nepexouenann n na cenepnym
uacrt nocrounoro epera Apnarnuecxoro npnmoptx. (Panno Hemnu, 3aeoeop ompuauu, Fenrpa, 1996,
c.42). Hpo]eccop Hemnu sameuaer, uro nmecro roro, urot nponnrt cner na neocrarouno nsyuennte
ncropnuecxne nepnot, npenaraemte esoxasarentnte ncropnuecxne xonnennnn n norone sa
neonornuecxnmn n nonnrnuecxnmn nnnenamn nx eme onee saremnxmr: Hs +roro nponsomnn na
ocnonntx nanpannennx n ncropnorpa]nn: rax nastnaemoe ormarnuecxoe, xoropoe naxonnoct ncxnmunrentno
na cnyxe napx n npannrenx, n rax nastnaemoe epernuecxoe, xoropoe rxroreno x ncrnne, nomnmo nonn napx n
npannrenx. Hepnt nncan esrononym ncropnm, a nropo repxn ronony noromy, uro nncan ncropnm. Epernxn
nccneonann ynnnepcantnym nem mnpa, ormarnxn ponnn ynnnepcantnocrt +ro nen, nnexomte
renennne oruyxennx n nsanmnoro npornnonocrannennx, no no nmx ynnnepcantnoro. V epernxon orcexnn
ronont, a ormarnxn npoxnnn onrym xnsnt, n ne nmex ronont (ma+ re, c.43).

174
Bnnyna, orenxx nomepan or nnnnn (nmrnue), y xoroptx ecrt npara, sa uro
nomopnt nastnamr nx anrncxnmn. Hexora ryr na ncemn rocnocrnonana
epxana neneron, xoropax cocroxna ns cnannemnx nocenenn napnapon n rpexon,
nmenmnx nsanmnte cnxsn. O nx nsnecrntx ropoax, nennune xoroptx nexora
nouepxnnanoct co nneuarnxmme cnno, moxno nanomnnrt, nosntmennoro craryca.
Btme ncex spantx ropoon, ns xoroptx cocronr Enpona, re, xoropte nacenxnn
cnanxne c npounmn cmemanntmn napoamn, rpeuecxnm n napnapcxnm. /Helmold,
Chronica Slavorum, - Mon. Germ. hist., T. XXI (1868, Pertz). Vexennx raxnx
neyromnmtx n ncntranntx nccneonarene, xax p Panno Hemnu, axaemnx p
Mnnan Fynmnpa, a raxxe mnornx pyrnx cnennanncron no penne ncropnn, moxno
tno t pesmmnponart cneymmnm opasom: pennemne cpen nnx (pennnx
napoon) nenacrt, ncropnuecxoe npncyrcrnne xoroptx oorv+eumupoeauo n
paonax ceronxmnnx Fanxan, Mano Asnn n Anennnncxoro nonyocrpona. Ha rex
npocrpancrnax onramr raxxe rpauane n nnnnpnnt, mesant n mnsnnt, xnot,
xnnrn, nenaronnt n neonnt, apannt n pnrn, nnaue ronopx, ]pnrn (]pnxane),
+neron, nent, nnaue ronopx, nenert, sona onrannx xoroptx npocrnpaercx or
Ha]naronnn n Mano Asnn, oxnartnaer ceronxmnne Fanxant n paone cpenero
Hoynantx, semnn nont Tnmoxa n Mopant o Bapapa, n anee uepes cenepnym
Hrannm, ceronxmnmm Bnenapnm, Ancrpnm n Iepmannm ocrnraer Fanrnxn, a
nayxa oxymenrantno onpeennna nx xax c.aeu /ma+ re, crp. 49/.
Cxn]t +ro, ouennno, mxnocnanxncxne nnemena n Hnxnem Hoynante n
Honecrponte, a re, xoropte nastnamrcx rnpenxnamn, rnpcenamn (cornacno pyrnm
oxymenram, nenacrn, pact n pamane /pennecepcxne nnemena/), ne xro nno, xax
anroxronnte npemecrnennnxn, re npexn renen, xoropte n annem npomnom
tnn sanoenant n accnmnnnponant nmn. Bo ncxxom cnyuae, ryr mt ncrpeuaemcx c
onpeenenntm pasnomom, xoropt yer snxrt nensnecrno o xaxnx nop, nocxontxy
no rem yrnom spennx, no xaxnm npnnxro cmorpert na ncropnm, raxoro pasnoma
npocro-nanpocro ne cymecrnyer. B cepenne IX nexa n cronnne Bnsanrnn
Koncranrnnonone npn noepxxe co cropont nesapx Bapt (nnsxoro pocrnennnxa
nmneparopa Mnxanna III) tna ocnonana snamennrax Bxona omero ntmero
opasonannx, pacnonaranmaxcx n Marnanpe - nepemonnantnom sane Bennxoro
nopna. B mxone ocnonarentno nsyuannct ]nnoco]cxne ncnnnnnnt n coornercrnnn
c rpannne npenoanannx n Hnxee Apncrorenx.
B uncne npenoanarene mxont tnn narpnapx uorn, xpynnemn yuent
cnoero npemenn, Koncranrnn unnoco] (nosnee cn. Knpnnn), noro]er Ape]a
(nosnee enncxon Kecapncxn), a raxxe pyrne, menee nsnecrnte nnunocrn.
Tpannnm npenoanannx n XI n. npoonxnn Mnxann Hcenn, sannmax onxnocrt
pexropa ynnnepcnrera n Marnanpe. Ho nacroxnnm narpnapxa uornx Koncranrnn
unnoco] n ero par Me]on nonyunnn ocooe saanne - pacnpocrpannrt
nnsanrncxym orouenoneuecxym opasonannocrt cpen napoon, neocrarouno
npocnemenntx, n npexe ncero, n cnanxncxom mnpe.
Kpynnt conpemennt snarox ncropnn nnsanrncxo n cnanxncxo xyntrypt
upencnc (upanrnmex) nopnnx (1893-1975), nsyuax coxpannnmnecx apxnnnte
oxymenrt, onapyxnn ocnonannx nx oxasarentcrna ncropnuecxoro snauennx
cosannx Vnnnepcnrera n Koncranrnnonone. Hmenno on, oomnn pesyntrart
nccneonannx xyntrypt Bnsanrnn roro npemenn, ntennn nepno IX-XI nn. xax
175
nepno nonoro xnaccnuecxoro nospoxennx
67
. Hax n nccneonannxx u.
nopnnxa noepxxy cnoe nayuno nosnnnn, conpemennt ]pannyscxn
nnsanrnnncr Hont Hemepnt nanncan ceuac yxe xopomo nsnecrnym paory Le
Premier humanism Byzatin (Hepnt rymannsm Bnsanrnn), n xoropo paccmorpen
IX-X nexa, neocrarouno nsyuennte, noxasan opnrnnantnte yxonnte ocrnxennx
roro nepnoa
68
. H. Hemepnt c nonntm ocnonannem yxasan xax na cnoconocrt
npeopasonannx n npeoonennx nnnxnnx apacxo (ncnamcxo) xyntrypt, rax n na
npoonxenne nnrentnoro n rnyoxoro pasnnrnx camocroxrentnoro xyntrypno-
ncropnuecxoro nponecca, naroapx uemy nnsanrncxax xyntrypa ocrnrna
ynnnrentntx pesyntraron. Bonpexn ocrarouno nerarnnnomy mnennm n ornomennn
opasonarentno nonnrnxn n Bnsanrnn (saxptrne xstuecxnx mxon n Ipennn no
npemena Rcrnnnana n VI nexe n ynpasnenne yuentx yupexenn n Bnsanrnn n VII
nexe n nepno npannennx necxnonnoro x opasonannm nmneparopa uoxn) Crnnen
Pancnm+n (1903-2000), rem ne menee, npnsnan nennocrt nonoro rocyapcrnennoro
ynnnepcnrera n Marnanpe
69
.
Ho namemy mnennm, onnm ns naxntx xyntrypntx ocrnxenn
Bnsanrncxo nnnnnnsannn xnnxnact rocyapcrnennax noepxxa nsyuennx
]nnoco]nn, cnecrnnem uero crano orxptrne ynnnepcnrera n nmneparopcxom nopne
n Koncranrnnonone. Bo rnane +ro ntcme ]nnoco]cxo mxont c 851 r. croxn Hen
Maremarnx (Hen unnoco]) (790-869rr.), xoropt n 863 r. tn nponosrnamen
ocnonarenem ynnnepcnrera Bapo ee nepntm Pexropom. B mxone nsyuannct
pasnnunte nayunte ncnnnnnnt, a npenoanarene nasnauano rocyapcrno.
Kora, n 851 r., na onxnocrt cexperapx tn nasnauen ueoxrncr, noxnnnact
ocnona nx amnnncrparnnnoro ycrpocrna mxont. Moxno cxasart, uro c 855 r.
ntcmax mxona crana yuentm saneennem nonoro rnna, cymecrnymmnm na cpecrna

67
Concem pyrnm tno nonoxenne neme na Bocroxe. Tam coxponnmnnnt xnaccnuecxo n
rpeuecxo nnreparypt coxpannnnct n nonnom oeme n tnn nerxo ocrynnt nmomy, xro xoren
oorarnrt cnon snannx. H xorx xpncrnane n nepnte rpn cronernx nerarnnno ornocnnnct x
xnaccnuecxomy nacnenm, n 4 nexe nonoxenne nsmennnoct: rax, nanpnmep, nponsneennx Iomepa n
rpeuecxnx pamarypron unrannct n mxonax; o yuennxx Hnarona n Apncrorenx mnn cnoonte
ncxyccnn, n xoroptx onn nnn nornepxannct, nnn ocnapnnannct; xpacnte ncropnxn nopaxann
Iepoory, uyxnny n Hnyrapxy. axe nontnte nponsneennx, cront mnorouncnennte n
+nnnnncrnuecxn nepno, ocoenno carnpt Hyxnana ns Camocart, nepennctnannct c nentm nx
coxpanennx. Honoe xnaccnuecxoe nospoxenne n Bnsanrnn 9 nexa, n xoropom omnnnponana
ntammaxcx nnunocrt narpnapxa uornx, nosnonnno cnanxncxnm napoam, ncrynanmnm n ro npemx n
c]epy nnsanrncxoro xpncrnancrna, npnomnrtcx x anrnuno mypocrn. nopnnx, u., C.oeeuu v
eeponcrof ucmopufu u ueu.usaufu, Feorpa: Clio, 2001., crp. 251.
68
Paul Lemerle: Le Premier humanism Byzatin, Paris: Press Univ. de France, 1971, p. 120-121: Le IX
e

sicle est l`me des poques les plus originals et novatrices de l`histoire de Byzance, ou plutt, il est
l`aboutissement d`une longue et profonde evolution, commence bien avant, au lendemain de la conqute
arabe, et par laquelle Byzance se transforma pour survivre. Le domaine de l`esprit ut, peut-tre, le dernier
attient par ce mouvment, mais c`est peut-tre aussi celui qui en garda l`empriente la plus durable.
69
Runciman, Steven: Byzantine civilization, New York, 1956., p. 180: Ecclestiastical control abetted the
misfortunes of the Empire in working against a wide education. Lay learning with its pagan past was
viewed with a certain suspicionBut by the Ninth Century affairs were more settled and the Church
authorities were less suspicious. Better relations with the Arabs induced the study of the lore of Islam.
There was a great revival of learning: though its pioneers, man like Photius and John the Grammarian, were
regarded by the populace as magicians. Michael III`s uncle and minister, the Caesar Bardas, founded a new
State University in the Magnaura. The Professor of Philosophy was the head the Oeconomicos
Didaskalos with the Professors of Grammar, Geometry and Astronomy under him.
176
rocyapcrna, nentm xoroporo tna nororonxa ntcoxoopasonanntx nme. Hntmn
cnonamn, mxona crana Vnnnepcnrerom - nanonee snaunrentntm xyntrypntm
yupexennem, oyuenne n xoropom npenonaraer ycnoenne ntcmero snannx
70
.
Btammnmncx yunrenxmn Vnnnepcnrera, es comnennx, tnn Hen Maremarnx,
uorn n Koncranrnn unnoco], xoropte oyuann ]nnoco]nn, a xpome nnx, ram
npenoanann Teoop (reomerpnm), Teoern (acrponomnm) n Komer (rpammarnxy)
71
.
Hsyuenne penne ]nnoco]nn naxonnoct na ntcoxom nayunom yponne n
mno napannentno c xoncepnarnnno axaemnuecxo reonorne, ne ncrynax c ne n
npornnopeune, a n o]nnnantntx nepxonntx xpyrax ]nnoco]nx nepexo tna
anropnrernee reonornn.
Pasymeercx, moxno ronopnrt o cnaocrn nornuecxoro nsnoxennx
]nnoco]cxnx yuenn n Koncranrnnonontcxom ynnnepcnrere no cpannennm c
sanantmn ynnnepcnreramn (noontx Fononcxomy nnn Hapnxcxomy) c nx
nnamnsmom, rax nx yxpamanmnm. Onaxo onn nosnnxnn na na nexa nosnee n
opasonanne n nnx asnponanoct na nno reopernuecxo noune. B +ro cnaocrn,
cxopee, orpaxanact xonnuecrnennax cropona nponemt.
Bnsanrncxax ]nnoco]nx tna cnxsana c rpeuecxo ]nnoco]ne xax co cnoe
penne ocnono. Moxno cxasart, uro rpeuecxax ]nnoco]nx nonyunna n
nnsanrncxo cnoe ecrecrnennoe npoonxenne, cnom nonym xnsnt; onaxo n n +rom
cnyuae cronr saymartcx na npanomepntm nonpocom, xoropt crannr H. Hemepnt:
na camom nn ene cymecrnyer npoonxenne rpannnn xstuecxo rpeuecxo
xyntrypt nnn +ro rontxo ]enomen ntxnnannx, xoropt co npemenem, no nnnxnnem
nonncrnymmero n noexammero xpncrnancrna, moxer ncuesnyrt?
72
anee cam H.
Hemepnt sameuaer, uro coxpannnmnecx nnreparypnte n ]nnoco]cxne nponsneennx
anrnuno Ipennn ne nepecrann trt ocnono nponecca oyuennx, a n camo
nonncrnymmee xpncrnancrno tno ne rontxo npnunno pasptna xonrnnynrera
rpannnn, no n +nemenrom +roro xonrnnynrera
73
.
To npoonxenne rpannnn, n cymnocrn, coepxnrcx n xpncrnancxo ]opme
rpeuecxo mtcnn, coxpanxx merot noncxa ncrnnt n ecxoptcrno
cnexynxrnnnocrn uepes nmont x yxonno axrnnnocrn n acrpaxnnn, no ne xax
saapxnnnponannoe npnnoxenne, a yyun ee xnntm n axrnnntm npeopaxennem.
O +rom cnnerentcrnyer nonnnnax nocnxmennocrt eny nsyuennx
opnrnnantntx rpeuecxnx ncrounnxon nnsanrncxnx yuentx or H. unnonona o
Ape]t Kecapncxoro, a raxxe cnona Koncranrnna unnoco]a, nposnyuanmne n
ornere na nonpoc, uro ecrt ]nnoco]nx: Foxecrnenntx n uenoneuecxnx en
nonnmanne, nacxontxo moxer uenonex npnnnsnrtcx x Fory, n xax enamn yunrt
uenonexa trt no opasy n noonm cosanmero ero
74
. B +ro cnxsn cranonnrcx
ecnounenntm yrnepxenne pasnnuntx anropon o rom, uro mnoronexonoe nsyuenne
anrnuno ]nnoco]nn n Bnsanrnn xnnxercx npocrtm nonropennem n coxpanennem

70
Hoponee cm.: Paul Lemerle: Le Premier humanism Byzatin, Paris: Press Univ. de France, 1971, Chap.
VI, p. 158-160.
71
Paul Lemerle: Le Premier humanism Byzatin, Paris: Press Univ. de France, 1971, Chap. VI, p.165.
72
P. Lemerle, Le Premier humanism Byzantine, p. 43.
73
Ibid., crp. 49.
74
Cm.: Xnrne Koncranrnna-Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx.
Hcropnxo-xyntrypnt car: Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/).

177
ocxonxon rpeuecxo rpannnn (I. Ierent, 3. Hennep, u. ueepax). Bnsanrncxax
]nnoco]nx +ro npxmoe npoonxenne rpeuecxo rpannnn n ncxypcnnntx cnnax
uenoneuecxoro pasyma c axrnnntmn rpanc]opmannxmn, xoropte npnoperamr
cnoconocrt x nosnannm ncrnnt n ee nornuecxomy nccneonannm c pyrnx nosnnn.
Haxoxct no noxponnrentcrnom nesapx Bapt, xn nmneparopa Mnxanna
III n ero mnnncrpa, nont rocyapcrnennt ynnnepcnrer n napcxom nopne
(Marnanpe) no rnane c Htnom Maremarnxom (unnoco]om) nosnee npnopen
nsnecrnocrt naroapx nexnnxm no ]nnoco]nn, xoropte unrann yymn narpnapx
uorn, nepenounx n npononennx Ape]a, cranmn n nocnecrnnn enncxonom, a
raxxe naroapx ncxnmunrentntm reopernuecxnm n npaxrnuecxnm pesyntraram
rpya yunrenx n noopnnxa xpncrnancxo mtcnn Koncranrnna unnoco]a
(pannoanocrontnoro cn. Knpnnna). Cnana ynnnepcnrera n Koncranrnnonone nmena
onrym nocneymmym ncropnm. Hpnmepom romy moxer cnyxnrt n exrentnocrt
yuenoro Mnxanna Hcenna. Vnnnepcnrer n Koncranrnnonone xpxn npnmep
paronennoro nxnaa n coxponnmnnny mnpono yxonno xyntrypt,
cnnerentcrnymmn o nponecce nospoxennx n nnsanrncxo xyntrype, xoropax
rxrorena x ynnnepcantno opasonannocrn na nyrxx nosnannx ncrnnt.
3ro xyntrypnoe xnnenne namno orpaxenne n Xnrnn cn. Knpnnna: H n rpn
mecxna ntyunncx rpammarnxe n sa pyrne nayxn npnnxncx. Oyunncx xe Iomepy n
reomerpnn, n y Htna n y uornx nanexrnxe n ncem ]nnoco]cxnm nayxam noanox: n
pnropnxe, n apn]mernxe, n acrponomnn, n mystxe, n ncem npounm +nnnncxnm
ncxyccrnam. Tax nayunncx ncemy, xax xro-nnyt mor t nayunrtcx onomy nnmt ns
nnx. Coennnnnct n nem tcrpora c npnnexannem, nomorax pyr pyry: c nnmn
nocrnramrcx nayxn n ncxyccrna
75
. Beyme nee roro npemenn tno coueranne
snann n ocrnxenne nx enncrna.
nx yxonno xnsnn, nporexanme n ynnnepcnrercxo cpee
Koncranrnnononx, xpane naxntm tno onaanne naxnemnmn pyxonncxmn,
cnyxnnmnmn ncxontm marepnanom nx nororonxn ncxyccn n nexnn no
ncnnnnnnam, xoropte nsyuannct n ynnnepcnrere. Vnennuenne uncna pennnx
pyxonnce nyrem nepennctnannx, cocrannenne cnncxon pyxonnce tno ne rontxo
onnm ns onnxon nonnxnnuecxo xnsnn monaxon n monacrtpxx, no n uacrtm
exrentnocrn Koncranrnnonontcxo ntcme mxont (rocyapcrnennoro
ynnnepcnrera). 3ra ntcoxax nayunax xeprnennocrt ne tna nanpacno:
snaunrentnax uacrt namnx snann o rpeuecxo pennocrn, xoroptmn mt
pacnonaraem, ne rontxo coxpannnact, no n ynennunnact nmenno naroapx +ro
paore. Ipannosntm nx roro npemenn tno +nnnxnonenuecxoe counnenne
narpnapxa uornx Mnpnonnnon (Muorecmeo ruue, u.u ouo.uomera
(+upuoouo.uou). Onucauue u nepecras npo:umauuix ua+u ruue, rpamroe
cooeprauue romopix nore.a. vsuami eos.mo.euui uau opam Tapacu. Bceeo
ruue mpucma oes oeaoamu oouo), n xoropom oruernnno npocnexnnaercx nnrepec n
xcnoe npenourenne ]nnoco]nn Apncrorenx n cnercxnx nayx n pexoe uyncrno
ncropnn n rpannnn. B ro xe mepe tnn naxnt n counnennx Mnxanna Hcenna co
cnocrnenno nm onronornuecxo nornunocrtm n crpemnennn ocrnut

75
Cm.:

Xnrne Koncranrnna-Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx.
Hcropnxo-xyntrypnt car: Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/).

178
npnnnnnnantnoro enncrna ycnannaemtx reopn n cymecrnymmero snannx. Bce +ro
ronopnr o opnrnnantnocrn n rnopuecxom cnnrese, r.e. o xauecrnenno ntcoxo
paore n c]epe ]nnoco]nn n ee rnopuecxo ncrpeue c reonornuecxnmn yuennxmn
76
.
Vnnnepcnrercxne npo]eccopa, tnn npepacnonoxent x apncrorenencxomy
cnocoy mtmnennx, r.e. nornxe n nanexrnxe (y Apncrorenx pasenenne snannx na
ncnnnnnnt ne cosanano npenxrcrnnx nx ocrnxennx nnyrpennero enncrna
nepno ]nnoco]nn). Hpn +rom n onacrn orocnonnx tnn nepnt nosnnnxm n
nponemarnxe pannnx Coopon (nx yuenne o Fore n cnxsn c rnopennem tno nnsxo
xonnennnn actus purus sanantx cxonacron, a raxxe npnnnnny oikonomia,
nponcxoexmmy ns nx npnnepxennocrn cnercxomy snannm).
77

Taxax yxonnax armoc]epa nosnonxer nonxrt cmtcn ornera Koncranrnna
unnoco]a uornm na ero npenoxenne sanxrt ntcoxoe nonoxenne n omecrne: ap
orart nycrt yer rem, xro ero rpeyer. A nx menx ner nnuero nyume yuennx,
xoroptm, mypocrt cnncxan, xouy ncxart npaeono nouecrn n orarcrna
78
.
B cepenne enxroro nexa crporn mopanncr narpnapx Hrnarn ntnyxen
tn noxnnyrt Koncranrnnonontcxym xa]epy, a nepnocnxrnrentcxn npecron,
npox sa mecrt ne (c 20 no 25 exapx 857 roa) nocneonarentno uepes nce
nnsmne crenenn cnxmencrna or urena o enncxona, sanxn +nnnxnonenuecxn
opasonannt uorn, uro nnocnecrnnn ntsnano nemano nponem n npnneno x
nonnennxm. Hepxonnte peanncrt tnn roront x npoxnnennm repnnmocrn xax no
ornomennm x tnmnm nxonoopnam, rax n x rem, xro ncrynan n nensexnte
nente n nonnrnuecxne xomnpomncct c narnncxnm 3anaom, na ute cropone tno
n rocyapcrno. Tax, n mae 861 roa Hana Hnxona I nocnan cnonx neraron na Coop n
Koncranrnnonont, re n npncyrcrnnn nesapx Bapt 318 cnxmennnxon ocynnn n
nnsneprnn narpnapxa Hrnarnx, nornepnn saxonnocrt nspannx uornx. B cnoe
omnpno yuenocrn uorn noxasan cnoconocrt ne rontxo x nonnmannm ncropnn,
ee pasnnrnx, no n coxpanennm rpannn. Vnaxenne co cropont ero yuennxon n
nocneonarene, a raxxe noepxxa co cropont nmneparopa nosnonnnn uornm
pacmnpnrt nepxonnte n rocyapcrnennte c]ept nennx n onee snaunrentno
mepe, uem +ro tno n o, n nocne ero narpnapmecrna
79
.
Kax, nepoxrno, camt snaunrentnt nocneonarent uornx n ero coparnnx no
xa]epe ynnnepcnrera n Haperpae, Koncranrnn unnoco] (ponncx n 827 roy, n
ropoe Conynn n Maxeonnn n cemte Htna pynrapnx, onoro ns nomomnnxon npn
Conyncxom crparnre; n 14 ner, nocne cmeprn orna, tn nocnan n Haperpa x uornm
xax x ero nnsxomy npnxrenm) n ero par Me]on tnn ntpant nx
npononennuecxo mnccnn c nentm nepenoa xnnr na cnanxncxoro xstxa n neennx
orocnyxennx na cnanxncxom xstxe. Hocxontxy partx xnnn n oxpecrnocrxx Conynn
(conp. Cononnxn), cnanxncxn xstx tn nm snaxom; nm tno nerue, uem xomy t

76
Meenop] Hoann (nporonepe). Bnsanrncxoe orocnonne. Hcropnuecxne renennnn n
oxrpnnantnte remt. /Hep. c anrn. B.Mapyrnxa. - Mn.: Hyun Co]nn, 2001. - 336 c. // 3nexrponnt
pecypc : Fnnnorexa uponrncreca (http://ksana-k.narod.ru/Book/mejweb/).
77
Ibid.
78
Cm.: Xnrne Koncranrnna-Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx.
Hcropnxo-xyntrypnt car: Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/).

79
Cm.: Vcnencxn u.H. Hcropnx Bnsanrncxo nmnepnn. Hepno Maxeoncxo nnacrnn (867
1057). M.: Mtcnt, 1997, crp. 24 26.
179
ro nn tno pyromy nponecrn orop n cncremarnsannm cymecrnymmnx n
cnanxncxom xstxe npannn n cnocoon nanncannx; c peannsanne +ro saaun crano
nosmoxntm ocymecrnnenne nnanon npocnernrene - opamenne n nonnnnym
xpncrnancxym nepy, xpemenne n opasonanne ymon cnanxncxnx napoon mopanon,
onrap, pyccon, cepon.
Hpocnernrentcxax nosnnnx ntsnana neonontcrno cpen npecrannrene
pnmcxo-xaronnuecxo nepxnn (npexe ncero ns-sa c]ept nnnxnnx), onaxo
oocrpenne ornomenn mexy nocrouno n sanano nepxnxmn nonnexno sa coo
nontmenne nnrepeca x exrentnocrn Conyncxnx parten n pocr nx anropnrera o
raxo crenenn, uro snauenne nx exrentnocrn nosntcnnoct o yponnx cnanxncxoro
nannonantnoro camocosnannx n nonnrnuecxo camotrnocrn.
Heocnopnmtm xnnxercx ror ]axr, uro cnanxncxne napot nneent n xpyr
enponecxnx napoon uepes xpncrnancrno, nonyunn rem camtm nosmoxnocrt
ncnontsonannx snannx, xoropym nm npeocrannna ecxoptcrnocrt rymannsma
nnsanrncxo yxonnocrn
80
.
B Benennn narnncxoe yxonencrno onnnnno Koncranrnna unnoco]a n rax
nastnaemo rpexxstuno epecn, nocxontxy on ocmennncx npononeonart cnxroe
yuenne n na cnanxncxom xstxe, napxy c paspemenntmn nepxontm enpecxnm,
rpeuecxnm n narnncxnm xstxamn. Orneuax na nanaxn, npocnernrent tn xcen: He

80
B Hcropnn Bnsanrncxo nmnepnn u. Vcnencxn nouepxnnaer: Hnepantnoe n rymannoe
ornomenne uornx x nonpocy o nannonantnom xstxe moxno cpannnrt nnmt c ornomennem x nemy
Hoanna 3naroycra. uorn ne nontsyercx ynaxennem co cropont npnnepxennen pnmcxo-xaronnuecxo
Hepxnn (Cm.: Vcnencxn u.H. Hcropnx Bnsanrncxo nmnepnn. Hepno Maxeoncxo nnacrnn
(867 1057). M.: Mtcnt, 1997. c. 25). Ho no mepe ycnnennx oocrpennx ornomenn mexy
Bocroxom n 3anaom n noxnnennx nce ontmnx pasnornacn n nepoyuennn n npaxrnxe orocnyxennx
Pnma n Koncranrnnononx anropnrer Cnxrtx parten rontxo poc, n nx exrentnocrt nonnmanact na
yponent nonpoca cnanxncxoro nannonantnoro camocosnannx n nonnrnuecxo camotrnocrn.
Henecoopasno ononnnrt +ry mtcnt nnraro ns Xnrnx cn. Knpnnna, cnnerentcrnymme o
nponcxoxennn nono nnctmennocrn: H namen unnoco] sect Enanrenne n Hcanrtpt, nanncannte
pyccxnmn nnctmenamn, n uenonexa namen, ronopxmero ro peutm. H eceonan c nnm n nonxn cmtcn
xstxa, coornocx ornnunx rnacntx n cornacntx yxn co cnonm xstxom. H nosnocx monnrny x Fory,
ncxope nauan unrart n ronopnrt. H mnorne nsymnxnnct romy, cnanx Fora. (Xnrne Koncranrnna-
Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx. Hcropnxo-xyntrypnt car:
Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/)). To, uro ontmnncrno yuentx cunraer, uro n +rnx
nnctmenntx ncrounnxax ynorpenent yxnt rornnt, eme ne snaunr, uro re yxnt ne tnn nmenno
pyccxnmn, xax o rom n nanncano n Xnrnn. Hapcxoe nocnanne mopancxomy xnxsm Pocrncnany,
cocrannennoe nesapem Bapo, xoropoe nxonr n cocran Xnrnx cn. Knpnnna, rax xe nornepxaer
+ro: For, xoropt nennr ncxxomy uenonexy npnrn x nonnmannm ncrnnt n rem opecrn cee
ontmee ocronncrno, ynnen rnon nepy n crpemnenne, cornopnn n name npemx ro, uero anno ne
tno, rontxo n nauantnte rot: xnnn nnctmena nx namero xstxa, urot n nt tnn npnuncnent x
nennxnm napoam, xoropte cnanxr Fora na cnoem xstxe. H rax nocnann x ree roro, xomy orxptn nx
For uenonexa ocronoro n naronepnoro, nectma cneymero n Hncannn n ]nnoco]a. Hpnmn xe
ap nyume n nennee ncxxoro sonora n cepepa, n paronenntx xamne, n orarcrna rnennoro.
Hocrapacx xe nmecre c nnm tcrpo ynpounrt eno n ncem cepnem nstcxart Fora. H ne orxaxnct or
omero cnacennx, no cnonnrnn nme cnonx ne nennrtcx, no ncrart na ncrnnnt nyrt. urot n rt,
ycepnem cnonm npnnex x oxecrnennomy pasymennm, nonyunn narpay cnom sa +ro n cem nexe n n
yymem sa nce re ymn, xoropte xorxr neponart n Xpncra Fora namero orntne n o cmeprn, n
namxrt o cee ocrannn pyrnm noxonennxm noono Koncranrnny, necapm nennxomy (Xnrne
Koncranrnna-Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx. Hcropnxo-
xyntrypnt car: Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/)).

180
ner nn oxt or Fora panno na ncex, n connne roxe ne cnxer nn ncem, n ne nce nn
mt panno tmnm nosyxom? Tax xax xe nt ne crtnrect, nonarax rontxo rpn xstxa,
a npounm ncem napoam n nnemenam nennre trt cnentmn n rnyxnmn, cxaxnre mne,
Fora nounrax nemomntm, ne morymnm art +ro, nnn sanncrnnntm, ne xorxmnm art?
A mt mnorne napot snaem, nmemmne nnctmena n nosammne Fory cnany xaxt
na cnoem xstxe. Hsnecrno, uro +ro: apmxne, nepct, axast, rpysnnt, cyrt, rort,
anapt, rypxn, xasapt, apat, ernnrxne, cnpnnt n mnorne pyrne. <>. Ho ecnn
neonpeenennt snyx rpya nsaer, xro nsroronnrcx x om? Tax n nt, ecnn uyxnm
xstxom nepasymnte cnona cxaxere, xax moxno nonxrt cxasannoe? Fyer n nosyx
ronopnrtcx. Crontxo net, nanpnmep, poon snyxon no ncem mnpe, n nn onn ns nnx
ne essnyuen. Ecnn x ne snam cmtcna snyuamero, ro yy ronopxmemy mne nnosemen,
n ronopxmn mne nnosemen
81
.
Hepeno nexcemt Horoc ns nepno ]past Enanrennx or Hoanna cnanxncxnm
C.oeo+ nannyumnm opasom orpasnn ro omee, npncymee napoam, uro camo no cee
moxer trt nonxro n mnpoxom cnexrpe snauenn. Hpn ocmtcnennn n ronopennn
nexcema C.oeo necer n cee ne rontxo saxont xstxa, cmtcn n nopxox nsnoxennx, no
n nonxrnnym onpeenennocrt, sanncnmym or snauennx, xoropoe +ro cnono nmeer y
onpeenennoro napoa.
Hpenasnauenne cnnrarmt B ua:a.e oi.o c.oeo raxono, uro ncxxoe
npenonoxenne moxer trt oneueno n peut (nspeuennoe cnono), ono onycxaer
nosmoxnocrt nponsnecennx n pamxax rountx n yrnepxenntx ncrnn, xoropte n
nepnonauantno onpeenennocrn Broporo Hnxa Foxtero, n Horoce xax Cnone ncera
yyr nmert cnom onopy. Cneyer nouepxnyrt, uro nce rpn ntpaxennx ua:a.o,
oimi, c.oeo o cnx nop coepxar ror xe nec n ry xe cmtcnonym nanonnennocrt,
uro n nepnte cocrnenno ]nnoco]cxne nonxrnx. Cemanrnuecxax rpancnosnnnx
nonxrnx noroc, nepenonmoro xax cnono, xoropoe moxer osnauart use.euue, pe:i,
pe:i e coopauuu, npuumue peueuu, a raxxe ooeoo, c.aea, ucmopu
(nenenanpannennoe nccneonanne) conepmenno onpanana. Mexy rem, nonxrne
cnono npnoperaer ncrnnnoe ntpaxenne n snauennxx oap pe:u, eipasume.iuocmi
+ic.u, cosev:uocmi, pasv+uocmi c.oea u pe:u, ruuea, uacmae.euue, nuci+o, coeem,
coooueuue, ceuoeme.icmeo, omeem, coe.acue, noomeeproeuue, ooeuauue,
npurasauue, sarou, uavra. Hapxy co snauennem C.oeo Borie cnono coepxnr n cee
snauennx nuci+eua, sanucu, nucauue, Cemoe nucauue, noeecmeoeauue,
pv:ame.icmeo, ceuoeme.icmeo, npopo:ecmeo (.oeuou). Cnom yuentx npnnanexar
re, xoropte ymemr oopamumic r ro+v-.uoo co c.oea+u, a ro, uro ocnontnaercx,
npnoperaer onnx rontxo rora, xora moxer trt npoeose.aueno nsnecrntm n
cmtcne omenpnsnannocrn. B +rom cnyuae cnono uoeo.oeu n ceronx morno t
snyuart xax noumuec.oeue, oumo.oeu xax cvmec.oeue, roc+o.oeu xax +upoc.oeue,
.oeura xax +ic.ec.oeue, oua.ermura xax v+oc.oeue, qu.ocoqu xax +vopoc.oeue,
meo.oeu xax ooeoc.oeue.
exrentnocrt cn. Knpnnna n Me]onx nosnonnna cosart mtcnnrentnoe
npocrpancrno, nnn nonxrnnoe ocnonanne, n xoropom snauennx ornneuenntx cnon
nonyunnn nosmoxnocrt ecrecrnennoro cymecrnonannx n naxonnennx. Peueno norox,

81
Cm.: Xnrne Koncranrnna-Knpnnna // 3nexrponnt pecypc: pennepyccxax nnreparypa. Anronornx.
Hcropnxo-xyntrypnt car: Hnreparypa XII nexa (http://old-rus.narod.ru/).

181
xoropt otuno coornercrnyer xonxpernomy npemernomy ntpaxennm peantnocrn,
nosntmennem o yponnx acrpaxrntx nonxrn nonyunn necranaprnte
mtcnnrentnte snauennx n cran ocrynen nx ]nnoco]cxoro ynorpenennx. Tax,
cnona ucmuua n npaeoa, otuno cnxsannte c cyeno npaxrnxo, y cnanxncxnx
nepoyunrene nosntment o acrpaxrnoro yponnx nnn nocne pacxptrnx
mnorosnaunocrn nonxrt o nonxrnno nepapxnunocrn, cnocrnenno ncropnn
rpeuecxo yxonnocrn. A cnono euo xax nepeno cnona +oc, nepeanax snauenne
cnoconocrn nnert, ononpemenno osnauaer n nn n ornnune or cnona po xax
nepenoa cnona renoc, osnauammero nponcxoxenne nnn nosnnxnonenne neme. C
nomomtm npe]nxcon opasonant cnona ocmorp / npocmorp n nnnmsnx /
nnnmocrt
82
. Cnono nemt (cepcxoe cmeap
83
), nnn rpeuecxoe nparma,
nepecrano oosnauart rontxo npemer cpen npemeron n cmtcne ncxnmunrentno
marepnantntx oexron, nauan ncnontsonartcx n snauennn coennennx nemn n
nemnocrn r.e. omero nonxrnx rax nastnaemo oexrnnno peantnocrn
(cmeap-uocmu); ono raxxe npnopeno onee ysxoe snauenne snannx (neennx) o
cnocoax opamennx c orentntmn nemamn, r.e. ymennx nnn noxasarenx
xauecrna ymennx (eeum-uue). H cnono nnunoe ontme ne ncnontsyercx rontxo n
snauennn uero-ro uacrnunoro nnn orentnoro, ne ornocxmerocx x omemy, uero-ro,
uro snaunno t nmenno nsnnmnocrt nnn nesnaunrentnocrt n cpannennn co
snaunrentntm ocnonannem nnn, oomenno, nonexamnm (substantia), xaxnm,
nanpnmep, xnnxercx trne napoa (rax nastnaemax, meracyexrnnnocrt). Tenept
nnunoe xax ocoennoe, xapaxrepnoe, cocrnennoe oosnauaer, xax n n
apncrorenencxo nepno ]nnoco]nn (mera]nsnxe), nepnocymnocrt n ee uacrt. Hnx
npnnanexnr rnapnomy n cornopennomy, a nnunocrt, ocnooxennax nepnonemn, -
rnopuecrny n yxonnocrn. Kax rontxo npexpamaercx rnopuecxax exrentnocrt
rnopna, rnapnoe pacnaaercx na cornopennoe, ncrynax n ornomennx rnnnunoro n
neoxnannoro. B rom cnyuae, ecnn nonxrne nnunocrt c]opmnponanoct ns
couerannx cmtcnon marepnan nx rnopennx n onnx / nn, ono operaer
cmtcnonym npounocrt n ne nonepxeno saxonomepnocrxm paspymennx nonxrnx
nnx, xoropoe yxastnaer na ntpaxenne nnno, cnnonnmnunoe nonxrnm yma
xax xapaxrepnomy enncrny yxonntx uepr. Hnno cymecrnyer xax neuro
onpeenennoe, nenoxonenmoe, noepxnnaemoe nepnocymnm; ono n ornnune or
+acru/.u:uui nnunocrt. B rom n ecrt pasnnna mexy nnnom n nnunno, uro
nepnoe xnnxercx nenocpecrnenntm nnom, rora xax nropax nonnx,
onocpeonannax nnnmocrt.
Peantnoe npncyrcrnne +roro onnxa/nna/nnxa oxastnaercx
nponsnecennem/ronopennem nmenn nemn n opamennem x nemn, ro ecrt pasymno
xnann]nxanne raxoro onnxa +xsncrennnn, xoropax aer oxasarentcrna
nepnotrnnoro +xsncrennnantnoro npncyrcrnnx. K noonomy nonnmannm nena
ncx nornxa pasmtmnenn na xa]epe n Marnanpe nnnort o Mnxanna Hcenna,
xoropt uepes nonropa nexa nocne cn. Knpnnna yrnynn n pacmnpnn ee n pamxax
oprooxcantno mncrnuecxo rpannnn. Hcenn yrnynncx n ]opmantnte ocnonannx
nanexrnxn Hnarona n onronornuecxo nornxn Apncrorenx. V Hcenna (1018-

82
B opnrnnane anrop ncnontsyer cnonoopasonarentnte nosmoxnocrn xopnx nn- n cepcxom xstxe:
y-nn, npn-nn. Hpnm. nep.
83
B rexcre npnmept na cepcxom xstxe ntenent nonyxnpntm xypcnnom. Hpnm. nep.
182
1078/96) tnn onee mnpoxne nosmoxnocrn n cnooa nx nsyuennx ncrounnxon
pennerpeuecxo ]nnoco]nn, uem y ero npemecrnennnxon. Cnoe ornomenne x
pennerpeuecxo ]nnoco]nn on ntpasnn conepmenno onpeenenno: urot
ponrtcx x snannm, x yonnernopen poontmn myxamn Hnarona n Apncrorenx: onn
amr mne poxenne n opasontnamr menx
84
.

C +rnx nosnnn on men x nonnmannm
meroonornuecxo paspaorxn mexncnnnnnnapnoro ornomennx ]nnoco]nn n
reonornn: Xouy, uro nt snann, - nnmer on, - uro +nnnncxax mypocrt, nycrt n ne
yanoct e nosart cnany Foxecrnennomy n ona ne esynpeuna n orocnonnn, neaer
npnpoy, xaxo ee cosan Tnopen
85
.
Inannt rpy Mnxanna Hcenna nocnr nasnanne Oospenne xax nneenne n
nornuecxym nayxy Apncrorenx. B camom nauane cnoero xommenrapnx x Opranony
Apncrorenx Mnxann Hcenn nnmer: nanexrnxa ecrt ncxyccrno ncxyccrn n nayxa
nayx, onaammax cnocoom npnneennx x npnnnnnam ornomenn (archas) ncex
meroon (methodon). H ncnecrnne +roro neoxonmo, urot nanexrnxa tna
nepnnuno nx npnoperennx nayx. Hasnanne xe cnoe nanexrnxa nonyuaer or
ecet (dialexeos), xoropax n cnom ouepet nonyuaer cnoe nasnanne or nsanmno
n ronopm, urot cocroxncx pasronop, no xpane mepe, mexy nymx, r. e.
cnpamnnammnm n orneuammnm. Hnn nanexrnxa nastnaercx or coeceonannx n
pasnnuennx. cno, uro ncnecrnne nanexrnxn coecennxn pasenxmrcx n
ornomennn cnonx mnenn na ne npornnnte cropont. Ho, nocxontxy pasronop ne
moxer nosnnxnyrt es nocpecrnymmero cnona, ro n cnono ne moxer nosnnxnyrt es
nocpecrnymmero snyxa, a r. x. ncxxn snyx ecrt nexoroporo poa mym, ro snaunr
nyxno naunnart c myma xax c uero-ro nepnoro
86
. Peut ner o rom, uro raxoe
snauenne cnona, o rom cmtcne, xoropt nxnatnan Koncranrnn unnoco] n CHOBO:
CHOBO xax oysiodeis, uro narnncxne nanexrnxn nepenonnn xax substantiva, n
epeisactoi (no-nartnn - attributiva), xya ornocnnn xax adjectiva, npnnararentnte,
rax n verba, rnaront. K +romy moxno tno t npnannrt, uro n cama cnxsxa
annoro npenoxennx "ecrt" roxe n ornnuna or cyexra n npenxara npenoxennx
n neornnuna or nnx, r. e. ona n nonnxna n nenonnxna. Taxoe nonoxenne ena
nosmoxno rontxo naroapx npnnnnny cynnosnnnn, noromy uro rontxo cynnosnnnx
onoro nonxrnx nmecro pyroro nonxrnx cnocona ononpemenno n cnnmart
nmennoe nonxrne n ocrannxrt ero n rom nonxrnn, xoropoe npnsnano samennrt
npexnee nonxrne. 3rn nonoxennx neoxonmo ononnnrt paccyxennem Hcenna o
poonom nenom, xax o uem-ro neennmom, poonom nenom, xax o uem-ro ennmom, n o
poonom nenom, xax o rom, uro cpasy n ononpemenno xax neennmo, rax n ennmo.
Innorernuecxax nornxa Hcenna xax xonnenryanncrnuecxax nanexrnxa, ne
norepxnmaxcx nepe onronornuecxnm xapaxrepom peantnocrn xax cnoem ocnonannn,
npecrannxer coo nauantnt orner rax nastnaemo nensexnocrn
nomnnannsma.


84
Michael Psellos, Address to His Negligent Disciples, ed. J. F. Boissonade (Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1964),
p.146.
85
Ibid., crp. 151.
86
Hnr. no: Hocen A.u. Cpenenexonax nanexrnxa. // 3nexrponnt pecypc: 3onorax ]nnoco]nx.
(http://philosophy.allru.net/)
183
Onaxo n onee nosnnx paorax no ncropnn ]nnoco]nn moxno narn
nenpnmnpnmoe npespente ne rontxo x ynaxennm pyro xyntrypt nonnmannx, no n
x rax nastnaemomy ]anarnuecxomy ncxypcy cnepxuyncrnennoro
87
. Ocyxenne
ymn, xoropax yxonr n cno nnyrpennn mnp, n cnom or mnpa cxptrym nepy, n
naccnnnocrt, xnnxercx neymecrntm, na uro cnpanennno na cronernx nasa yxasan
I. Ierent: urot nosart uecrt ncrnnnomy cmnpennm, cneyer ne ocranartcx
xanxnm uenonexom, a nonxrtcx ntme cnoero nnuroxnoro xapaxrepa, yxnarnnmnct
sa oxecrnennoe
88
.
Crepnntnt nparmarnsm sananoro mtmnennx n emente nontrxn ercrna n
neonornuecxym nerpantnocrt, xoropt onapyxnnaercx, nanpnmep, n
anannrnuecxo ]nnoco]nn, moxer trt npensoen rontxo rnynnno pe]nexcne o
ncemnpno orstnunnocrn uenoneuecxo ymn ns nsanmocnxst trnx ]nnoco]nn n
trnx cocrnenno xyntrypt. Moxer trt uro ]onunocrt or ncrouno-
enponecxoro annacra nmeer onee omecrnxantnoe nepexnnannte n yme Enpont
uem ecxoneunax saaua nonnmannx yxonnoro ncropnuecxoro nnxa n ero
nasnauennx. Ho yxe anno yxastnanno na +ro raxonoe orpaxennte ecrt nycroe
nonaannte n napnapcrno. Hao ycmorpnrt uro +ro crano concem nonxrntm rora,
xora ]nnoco] 3myn Iyccepnt xopomo onpeennn, uro no nasnannem Enpona
mtcnnrcx enncrno yxonno xnsnn, exrentnocrn n rnopuecrna. On +ro nonxn xax
ouennnoe rpaxancrno xyntrypntx onaannxx npoxenno +nrenexne, ue
ycranocrt sapoxena n oexrnnannxx n narypannsantxx, uro ycnnnnaer +nemenrt
rypynenrnocrn n npornnopeunntx nponeccax omecrnennoro pasnnrnx. Ho
nexoroptx nosnrnnntx nepemen n Enpone oxnauenno narypanncrnuecxo n
oexrnnnpymme renenntn n pannonannsannxm ncnxonornsnponanntx
peantnocrn ner n ontne. Ee cocroxnne ocraercx raxnm xe, xaxnm ono tno n
nauane XX n., n moxno cxasart uro xpnsnc Enpont, xax n xpnsnc enponecxoro
yxa, ne nmeer npeoonennx eme.
89
On rontxo nnmt samacxnponan n npnnxn onnx

87
Hmmanynn Kanr n paore O nentmoxnom rone, neanno nosnnxmem n ]nnoco]nn (1796) nncan:
Kro ne ysnaer n +rom mncrn]nxaropa, xoropt rpesnr ne rontxo cam nx cex, no xnnxercx
ononpemenno unenom xnya n, opamaxct x cnonm aenram, n npornnononoxnocrt napoy (no
xoroptm nonnmamrcx nce nenocnxmennte), xnunrcx cnoe mnnmo ]nnoco]ne!. Cm.: Kanr H.
Counnennx. B 8-mn r. T.8. M.: uopo, 1994, crp. 236.
88
Ierent I. Hexnnn no ncropnn ]nnoco]nn. Kn. 3. - CH.: Hayxa, 1999, crp. 497.
89
Husserl, E. Die Krisis des europischen Menschentums und die Philosophie // Husserl, E.: Die Krisis der
europischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phnemenologie, Hrsg. W. Biemel, Husserliana Bd.
VI, M. Nijhoff, Den Haag, 1962, S. 314348. B nepenoe na pyccxn xstx - Kpusuc eeponecroeo
:e.oee:ecmea u qu.ocoqu, /Bena, 7 n 10 max 1935 r/, on cxaxer: "yxonnt opas Enpont" - uro
+ro raxoe? Hmmanenrnax ncropnn Enpont (yxonno Enpont) - ]nnoco]cxax nex, nnn, uro ro xe
camoe, nmmanenrnax e reneonornx, xoropax c ynnnepcantno rouxn spennx uenoneuecrna noome
ocosnaercx xax npoptn n nauano pasnnrnx nono uenoneuecxo +noxn, +noxn uenoneuecrna, xoropoe
renept xouer npocro xnrt n moxer xnrt, cnoono crpox cnoe cymecrnonanne, cnom ncropnuecxym
xnsnt cornacno nexm pasyma, ecxoneuntm saauam... Ratio, o xoropom mt paccyxaem, ecrt ne uro
nnoe, xax ecrnnrentno ynnnepcantnoe n ecrnnrentno panxantnoe camonosnanne yxa n ]opme
ynnnepcantno ornercrnenno nayxn, pasnnnammecx n nonom moyce nayunocrn, re naxoxr cee
mecro nce mtcnnmte nonpoct - o trnn, o nopmax, o rax nastnaemo +xsncrennnn. /Bonpoci
qu.ocoquu: Mocxna, 1986, N3./ Enponecxn mnp poxen ns nen pasyma, r.e. ns yxa ]nnoco]nn.
Heycnex conpemenno pannonantno xyntrypt no +rom mtcnnrenm stnaercx nocnecrnne cnocoa,
xoroptm mann]ecrnponancx, rounee cxasart, peannsonancx ratio nocnecrnne ero nnepennx n
184
cxptrtx reuenn, no xoropo yrposo oxasanact nex ornercrnennocrn,
npnnnmammax na cex n nec mera]nsnuecxn mnp cmtcnontx ntnoax
uenoneuecrna.
3ananoenponecxym ]nnoco]nm or exapra o Ierenx n nocrmoepnt,
onpeenxer xareropnantnt annapar c]opmynnponannt n xon]nnxre nnrepnperannn
xoropte cactnamrcx na rpyax Apncrorenx n Hnarona. 3ect sapoxena nayunax
xyntrypa, xax eme Iyccepnt 1935.r. n paore 4u.ocoqu e rpusuce eeponecroeo
:e.oee:ecmea yexenno nncan: B orentntx nnunocrxx, raxnx, xax uanec n
pyrne, nosnnxaer nonoe uenoneuecrno - nmn, xoropte npo]eccnonantno cosnamr
]nnoco]cxym xnsnt, ]nnoco]nm xax nonym ]opmy xyntrypt. Honxrno, uro ncxope
nosnnxaer coornercrnymmn nont rnn oomecrnnennx. 3ro neantnoe
opasonanne - theoria - nesamennrentno nocnpnnnmaercx n nepennmaercx nyrem
oyuennx n nopaxannx. eno cxopo ner x conmecrno paore n nsanmonomomn
nocpecrnom xpnrnxn. axe nocroponnne, ne]nnoco]t opamamr nnnmanne na
neotunte ena n crpemnennx. B nontrxax nonnmannx onn nno camn
npenpamamrcx n ]nnoco]on, nno, ecnn onn cnnmxom cnxsant npo]eccnonantno
exrentnocrtm, - n nocpennxon. Taxnm opasom, ]nnoco]nx pacnpocrpanxercx
noxxo: xax mnpxmeecx coomecrno ]nnoco]on n xax conyrcrnymmee
opasonarentnoe omecrnennoe nnxenne. 3ect, onaxo, xopennrcx nnocnecrnnn
poxono nnyrpennn pacxon enno nannn na opasonanntx n neopasonanntx.
Koneuno, +ra renennnx ne orpannunnaercx npeenamn pono crpant. B ornnune or
npounx xyntrypntx xnnenn +ro nnxenne ne cnxsano c nouno nannonantno
rpannnn. axe npecrannrenn pyrnx nann yuarcx nonnmart n yuacrnymr n
momnom npeopasonannn xyntrypt, ncxoxmem or ]nnoco]nn... Co npemen Coxpara
uenonex cranonnrcx remo xax nnunocrt, n ero cnenn]nuecxo uenoneunocrn, n
yxonno xnsnn coomecrna. On ocraercx nxnmuenntm n oexrnnnt mnp,
cranmn nennuame remo Hnarona n Apncrorenx. 3ect uyncrnyercx
ynnnrentnoe npornnopeune: uenoneuecxoe npnnanexnr mnpy oexrnnntx ]axron,
no xax nnunocrn , nmn cranxr nenn n saaun, pacnonaramr rpannnonntmn
nopmamn n nopmamn ncrnnt, r. e. neuntmn nopmamn. Pasnnrne ocnano n pennocrn,
no ne npexparnnoct.
90
Harypanncrnuecxax n anapxnuecxax me]oonornx ncnontsonana
ycranocrt, xoropax oecneunna cnoco xopomero nonnmannx neme, a camoe omee nmx
+ro nannnocrn - oexrnnnsm, xoropt ecrt npoxnnxmmncx n pasnnuntx ]opmax
narypannsma, n narypannsannn yxa. Ho ]nnoco]cxoe epxante Iyccepnt ocrnr n
ymospennn uro yx, n axe rontxo yx, cymecrnyer n cee camom, n nx cex camoro,

narypannsm n oexrnnnsm, n n +rom Iyccepnt npeocreperan Enpony or cmpauuo onacuocmu,
xoropym nnen n ee vcma.ocmu: Bennuamax onacnocrt nx Enpont - +ro ycranocrt. Ho ecnn mt
yem oportcx npornn +ro onacnocrn onacnocre xax "opte enponent", c ro ornaro, xoropax
ne ycrpamnrcx axe ecxoneuno optt, rora ns ynnuroxammero noxapa nenepnx, ns rnemmero
ornx comnennx n omeuenoneuecxom sanere 3anaa, ns nenna nennxo ycranocrn noccraner ]ennxc
nono xnsnennocrn n oyxornopennocrn, nosnemammnx nennxoe n anexoe yymee uenoneuecrna,
no nnmt yx eccmepren. /nocnenee peuenne, Bonpoci qu.ocoquu 1986, N3/

90
4u.ocoqu e rpusuce eeponecroeo :e.oee:ecmea /Bena, 7 n 10 max 1935 r/, Bonpoci qu.ocoquu,
Mocxna, 1986, N3
185
nesanncnm. Tontxo n +ro nesanncnmocrn, yx moxer nsyuartcx pannonantno,
ocrnrmn ncrnnno n nsnauantno nayuno cranonnente.
Btsnannt xon]nnxr nnrepnperann xax nonnmante peyxnnn pannonantno-
]nnoco]cxoro xonrexcra npoyntponan xpnsnc ontmero pasmepa, n n xoropom
xonrexcre pannonantnocrn tnaer nocrannen nncrpymenrantntm nponsnonennem
moepnnaro uenonexa. Kpnsnc n ocnone snaunr cnoenonne n onxnocrt nce nayxe
nonepxarcx rpaxancrny cnoenonnx, cnmynnannn npane npoyxnnonntx
ornomennxx, uro ycnnnnaer +nemenrt rypynenrnocrn n npornnopeunntx
nponeccax omecrnennoro pasnnrnx, xax n cnmynaxpym ornecrnenno cnnt xoropax
nepntunne mera]nstuecxne nauana ersncrennnn noxenaer yrpartnart ecnonparno.
H Kanr nncan n Kpnrnxe uncroro pasyma, uro mera]nsnxa ne cymecrnyer n
xauecrne rorono nocrpoxn, no ecrnyer eo ecex .mox xax npnponoe
pacnonoxenne. Vxe n XX cronernn ynomxnyrt M. Xaerrep, nectma xpnrnuecxn
onennnax ontr sanano ]nnoco]nn (mera]nsnxn), raxxe nacrannan na
yxopenennocrn mera]nsnuecxo norpenocrn n uenoneuecxo npnpoe, a noxa
uenonex ocraercx pasymntm xnntm cymecrnom, on mera]nsnuecxoe xnnoe cymecrno.
B xonnennnn Iyccepnx nocnenxx ecrt nnrynnnx cymnocrn xax n cnere yma
opnrnnapno noaemoe nonnmante, no+rnuecxoe conocrannenne n cpannenne anntx
cosnannx, ymospnrentntx ne xoropte opasymr nepnym ]nnoco]nm (im Lichte
der Vernunft originaere gebende Anschauung, Wesenschau als das Prinzip aller
Prinzipien). Taxnm opasom, ymospenne n nocneymmax ecxpnnnnx +oca
ntcrynaer cornacno nonoxennxm mtcnnrenx n xauecrne camoonnemmero snannx, ne
nyxammerocx n npenapnrentno opaorxe +mnnpnuecxoro marepnana. Ha
npnmepe Hocena moxno nocrantrt n xoncepnarnnnt ntno ns xnaccnuecxo c]ept
nonnmannx xyntrypntx nponeccon renept, nmex n nne neyrpaunnocrt ncrnnnt. B
omem nponecce neannsannn, ncxoxmem or ]nnoco]nn, nonnmanne Fora, rax
cxasart, nornsnpyercx, npenpamaercx n nocnrenx aconmrnoro noroca. 3rt
nornuecxte cnxst n Iyccepnty xorenoct t nnert yxe n rom, uro pennrnx
nocpecrnom reonornn cctnaercx na camoouennnocrt nept xax nonnnnoro n
rnyouamero cnocoa oocnonannx ncrnnnoro trnx. Ho +ro Hocen n ocnone
pasntuan or mn]onornuecxnx npenocnnxax xora noan uerxym e]nnnnnm n
nncan rounee, uro: Tauucmea cyrt ]opmt cycrannnantnoro yrnepxennx nnunocrn
xax raxono n neunocrn. B xpncrnancrne ranncrno nasmoxno rontxo noromy, uro
cymecrnyer Hepxont. Hepxon xe ecrt Te.o Xpucmoeo. Xpncroc xe ecrt Boeo:e.oeer,
r.e. ennax n ona cycrannnx Fora xax cycrannnn n uenonexa xax cycrannnn.
Cneonarentno, nnonne nonxrno, uro ranncrno ecrt ncenencxax +manannx
orouenoneuecrna, nenpeptnnax nosmoxnocrt n onopa cycrannnantnoro
yrnepxennx uenonexa n neunocrn... H xanxn, cmemnt, ecnomomnt
omepacnpocrpanennte nontrxn cnecrn pennrnm ro na nayxy n nosnanne, ro na
mopant n noneenne, ro na +crernxy n uyncrna.
91
Mnoroyponnenax nnyrpnmnponax
nemt, rnnnocrasonax nnunocrt, trne xoropoe nnxora ne ocrnrnyro nocpecrnom
onpeenennx peantnocrn ee yponne, a +ro n ecrt nnunocrt, xoropax no Hnxonae
Fepxene npenpamaercx cnona n narypanncrnuecxne pamxn mtpa oexron, n
xoroptm xnsnt orcycrnyer. Ho orcycrnne roxe ronopnr o npncycrnnn orrpaxax
ornomennx ncrnnt. Hmenno n +rom cmtcne on ronopnn, uro nce conpemennte

91
A.u.Hocen, Muq, :uc.o, cvuuocmi, Mocxna, 1994., C. 191
186
nennxne ]nnoco]nn xpncrnancxne, ]nnoco]nn, xoropte es xpncrnancrna ne
crann t rem, uro onn ecrt. Concem nsnecno uro xpncrnancrno noome n
nosecrnonano na ocnonannx ]nnoco]cxo mtcnn, ne cmorpx na +ro uro nexora
mnp ne xoren ysnart, uro For ecrt cymax ncrnna. Kora Iocno cxasan: Hcrnna
cenaer nac cnoontmn, npnmen n mnp, urot cnnerentcrnonart o ncrnne, n
ecmt ncrnna, rora n none name xyntrypt nonyunnoc pasnnrne pennrnosnoro
nounrannx ncrnnt, n nmenno no+romy ncxxax ncrnna, axe camax neoruernnnax n
npornnopeunnax, cranonnrcx ceueuuo, ecnn ona nperennpyer na cranonnenne
nceome ncrnnt. Axr nept, yyun cnepxecrecrnenntm, ocraercx n ro xe npemx n
ntcme crenenn pasymntm, a +ro nopasymenaer nontsy ynepennocrn,
oecneunnaemo pasymom npn paccyxennn o npnsnaxax ocronepnocrn. Ho
nerarnnnrcxne snoxennx conpemenntx xonnennn pyccxo ]nnoco]nn xax cypporara
orocnonnx neconmecrnmo, n norpeyer xpnrnxy noromy uro oypnocrt cnona
cypporar neconmecrnma c raxnm nacroxnnxm. Philosophia qua ancilla theologiae nmena
ontme rnyoxoe snauenne uem npocro trt cypporarom.
92
3ec ymanoct o
opnenrnponannn n yponne reneonornn, a n +rom n nennocrt pasyma xnnnact
xpncrnannny nmemme oxecrnennoe nornepxenne uro ntrexaer ns roro ]axra.
Bepnrt, +ro npexe ncero snaunr nnert /y An. Hanena qpucru snaunr euoeuie
ueeuouoeo/, a pennax samtcent nen roxe snaunr epxarcx tcrpnnt nnennx xax
cxopee moxnoro onnnernopennx +roro uro ecrt nnno. Heannx ncera n neoxonmo
ocymecrnnxercx na ocnone +xsemnnxpnoro ycmorpennx xax axr xareropnantnoro
nnennx, uro nmenno c]epa nmmanenrnoro, c]epa nepexnnann, xoropax onpeenxer
nosmoxnocrt, n pamxax xoropo aconmrno orenennt or nee rpancnenenrnt
mnp moxer noome crart npemerntm mnpom, no n nrore mnoroyponnentx
nnyrpnmnpontx nemte.
Kareropnantntm nrorom mnoroyponnentx nnyrpnmnpontx nemte
xoncrnrynpyercx connantnoe oxpyxenne mnpa xnsnt n omecrnennax rnnonornx
trnx. Omecrno n oreuecrnenno pyccxo ]nnoco]nn nonnmaercx xax c]epa

92
B ]nnoco]nn roxe nosmoxno ycntmnrt n pennte ornomennx mxontnoro xypca nonxrtx, xora
oxrop anrenon npenoanaer: Sicut musica credit principia tradita sibi ad Arithmetico, ita doctrina sacra
credit principia revelata sibi a Deo [Kax mystxa npnnnmaer na nepy npnnnnnt, paspaorannte
apn]mernxo, rax cnxmennoe yuenne npnnnmaer npnnnnnt, annte Forom n orxponennn.] Thomas
Aquinas. Sum. theol. I, 1,2. 3ec ymanoct o opnenrnponannn n yponne reneonornn, xax n Xax
Mapnren o +rom yman: uro xacaercx ]opmynnponxn philosophia ancilla theologiae ro ee
nponcxoxenne, xax nsnecrno, nao ncxart y cn. Herpa amnann, xoropt raxnm cnocoom xoren
sacrannrt ]nnoco]nm samonuart. Hosnnnx cxonacrnxn concem nnax. nx nee +ro rax rontxo
npnmennrentno x c]epe camoro orocnonnx, xora ono ncnontsyer ]nnoco]nm xax uucmpv+eum
ncrnnt, urot cenart ntnot ne ]nnoco]cxne, a orocnoncxne, rontxo rora ]nnoco]nx ntcrynaer
n xauecrne ncnnnnnnt, ocnyxnnamme orocnonne; ancilla, non serva no ona rpaxryercx
orocnonnem no ee cocrnenntm saxonam - +ro ne pa, +ro - rocyapcrnennt cexperapt. /Xax
Mapnren, 3HAHHE H MVPOCTI, MOCKBA: Hayunt mnp,1999/ 3ro nonxrne na]nnoco]cxoro
xoncycrannnonantnoro Horoca morno trt c nontso coomeno nmxm, no nao tno urot nex
noroca npomna ocrarouno onrym oxarxy y ]nnoco]on. Hex noroca n cnono noroc npoxonnn
nororonxy cpen nme, co cropont ycnonn orxponennx Ctna, n raxnm opasom noxnnnact n
nopxxe ]opmantno oycnonnennocrn rpancnenennnx orxponennx Ctna Foxnero. Orcma,
cneonarentno, ntrexaer ro xe, uro mt nnnm n nounnenno nayxe no ornomennm x nounnxmme.
Tora nonnmanne npemera ocnontnaercx na saxnmuennxx, nsxrtx ns nounnxmme nayxn, no c rem
xe habitus, uro y nocnene. Hounnxmmax nayxa euoum +rn ntnot, xoropte xnnxmrcx npnnnnnamn
nounnenno nayxn, a nounnennax nayxa xax raxonax eepum uro For ecrnyer pasymno.
187
npnnoxennx nonn Foxte n rpexonnom neconepmennom mnpe, a ne xax
camoocrarounoe nonnomenne uenoneuecxnx xenann. Bne nonanmero
xomynnrapnoro npoexra erno]nnerncrnuecxo nepecrpoxn Pyccxoro omecrna n
cnanxncxoro mtpa, na xoropo ocnone nenpoxcnennoro npncyrcrnnx n ]opmnpyercx
cosnanne 3anano Enpont o npanocnanno Enpone noome, nao cxasart uro +ro
uro naxonrcx n +ro xaprnnt, xoropax ne nnnmaer nonxrnnte nsrnxt
ontmnncrna ncneonarene, n uro ner concem nsnecno n Enpone, naxonrcx n
cnxrooreuecxom nrore samxnyrom n nean ynnnepcantno nornxn xax
xpncronenrpncxo. Ho nsrnxam pyccxoro xpncrnancxoro mtcnnrenx Hnxonax
Fepxena, nycrtnx naunnaercx n ornepxentxm nornxn or nnocrasax Foxnnx, xax
neyepxnno nxax npo]anannx ]nnoco]nn xoropax npoynnponanna rnoannsannm
nonoro nomnnantnoro ]eoantnsma. 3ror onmecrnennt cyppeantnsm emoncxo
nycrort na xaprnne Pyccxoro omecrna n cnanxncxoro mtpa nnuero ontme ne
nnnr, no rontxo neocrarounym nnnnnnsonannocrt, nonannocrt, pytnnax. 3ro
ncxonte npnnnnnt xaxont moxnt ypasymenarcx rontxo yxom, xoropt n
nepecmorpennn snamenyer coo nepexo n xoropom nenrpom nnrepeca uenonexa
nnont, xannxercx Orxpnnente Forouenoneuecxo ncrnnt Horoca xoropt naxonrcx
n cnxrooreuecxom nrore samxnyrom n nean ynnnepcantno nornxn xax
xpncronenrpncxo.

























188

SUMMARY:

THE PROTOSERBIAN LANGUAGE AND THE WORK OF SAINT KIRILLO AND
METHODIUS AS APOSTLES OF THE SLAVS


In the elements of writing-artefacta finding in the Old Europe (Primary Vinca in
Serbia and Tordos in Rumenia), we was able to applied hermeneutic facts of finding
writing documents so many millenia before Christus naissance, and also the language
adequate to this discovered material. For these times, we know for existence of Vinca-
letter and make a hypothesis that it correspond to the first Old European language, by all
signs and marks one Proto-Serbian language. Dr Radivoj Pesic is by the following his
poetical enthusiasm and science invention, stand on the poin of wiew of reading
Vatinski prljenak(The engraving ring from Vatina) as ivot je ljubav /The life is
love/. It is linear shape artifact presents courious written message. That inscriptions are
the testimony of mentality of that old people who wanted to leave a sustained message to
the Earth civilization.
Out these is that the old european language is the protoserbian rudimental
language. The fact concerning the origin of the letter and language we may find in the
Balkan is the most significant than until now. It is naturally accept in present time that the
exploration of the origin of the letter is essential for all the regions in the world. Reason is
in the making louminus shine on the roots in the world literacy. The question of sence of
language existence is put in the position of the deep historical background and practically
means work on the materials as investigations and discoveries of the unknown and
known sign contents. With that interpretations of sign contents we have a better and
mostly real picture of the development of that literacy. In today`s written systems it is
possible to see the branches of millennium tree of Old Europe letter-civilisation
generating in Vinca. The slant proposed in applied hermeneutic is possibility to
expressed through the revision and reinterpretation of themes pertinent to the discipline
of philosophy of language and speech; themes which are congruous with other themes
pertinent to the discipline of right intention in theory. In the discipline of philosophy,
intentionality is a term first used by the Scholastics in the Middle Ages to define, in terms
of natural and unnatural motion, the intent of God in relation to his creation and the free
will of man to choose or reject a virtuous life. In the elements of writing-artefacta finding
in the Old Europe (Primary Vinca in Serbia and tordos in Rumenia), we was able to
applied hermeneutic facts of finding writing documents so many millenia before Christus
naissance, and also the language adequate to this discovered material. For these times, we
know for existence of Vinca-letter and make a hypothesis that it correspond to the first
Old European language, by all signs and marks one Proto-Serbian language.
The new archaeological discoveries that have been made during the last two
centuries offer us very rich documentation, which definitively rejects all hesitations,
doubts and playing with history. The archaeological, anthropological, ethnological,
semiotic and linguistic explorations of this century are the new lights of history, which
can no longer be blind to the facts. The extremely rich culture that can be found in
neolithic regions in Serbia (Lepenski vir, Starcevo, Vinca, etc.) as well as in the regions
189
of Hungary, Macedonia, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria, despite slight differences in
style, we do not have enough ground for doubting the similarity or homogeneity of these
cultures in such a big area. The extremely early appearance of literacy (the Vincan
alphabet), and its diffusion, are the testimonies of a high degree of civilization in this
cultural area. The valley of the Danube, especially the part between the middle and the
lower regions, as the cradle of literacy which was so wide-spread, systematized and in so
frequent, everyday use, is the testimony of the way of thinking which raised the
achievement of human mind to the consciousness level of holiness. The new
anthropological explorations in these regions have discovered the artefacta who needs the
results of the common characteristics of those people who knew how to express their
creative energy, described by recent investigations of dr Pesic Radivoje (Vinca letter), dr
Shann Winn Milton (: Pre-writing in Southeastern Europe: The Sign System of the Vinca
Culture ca 4000 BC, Calgary, 1981), and Haarman Harald (:Early Civilization and
Literacy in Europe. An Inquiry Into Cultural Continuity in the Mediterranean World,
Berlino, New York, 1995.) In that works we find a complete endorsement of the origin of
letter in Balkan, and with the energy power point for opening the doors of new
perceptions by the intensify the resarches on the origin and the progress on the letter-
discoverings in this region.
Duty of each generation is to place effort to relighting the dark zones of early
history in the way to understand our existence, our behavior and aspirations, and to make
strong reflexions in defining flexibility of our orientations. Vinca letter have like any
language and letter in the world, their own mutual root from the language of gestures and
significal passes into the phonetic language. Transformations means slowly changes itself
in a local dimensions and accustomed by the development of communicative needness in
social, economic and spiritual sence.
Haarman and others studying the Old European culture and literacy are
maximally exploiting the foundings from the written ceramics from plates. But strictly
says dr Radivoj Pesic as first right see that pictograms and mythograms are in the context
of gravures in the shape of geometrical signs, which he identify as signs out of which
directly comes out the phonetic alphabet. Cupolas, recticules, lines and hyphens are the
first graphisms with who began the development of the world culture and literacy.
Recticules latter show up or the netted gravures, maby next stage in the development of
the Balkan written system. More of the exhavating engraved complexes are interesting by
the type with lines and hyphenes, amongst which the written forms are dominating, forms
originated with cross matching or other combination of the basic signs, as well as the
lines and hyphens. The analysis of the form of the gravures shows that engraved gravures
are in the shape of single written signs, in a linear order, and thereare also small group of
written form look like modern words. In the vicinity of some of the written signs a
simpler forms (engraved such as a modern kirillic), are complementary to the form of the
sign and they are determining its meaning, as a well known phenomenon in the
paleographic. It is clerly shown that the gravures confirms the idea that they are
representing written signs, and not just ornament mark. The inscriptions is a combination
of simple signs, which form grupes in the complex meaning in the interpretation. It is
interesting that by the cupolas and recticules we have also the symbol of cross as an old
engraved and painted form because that pictogram from the beginning representing a
man. The whole engraved complex, as dr Pesic insisted, signifies one religious-
190
philosophical idea. As the pattern, cross with spots on the endings of the lines is a rear
sign in the world, but frequent in the inscriptions in Vinca artefacts, and probably have a
religious content. The written cross in scripted as a quadrant is infiltrated in many old
written systems, wit a lonely feature who comes in a context of cupolas engraved from
maybe marks the earth, judging according to a composite gravure of sun and quadrant,
where the centre of the quadrant and the centre of the sun are connected with a line, as if
the artist-graver wanted to affirm that the earth can not be without its life source in the
sun. Thre are also so many stela-megalits engraved in the complexity cruciform of an
open hand who explaining the spiritual function of hand, and also in the different sizes
and in linear shape presents courious written message. The inscriptions in some cases
looks like made in the Christian cross, and it is not impossible that cultivator as if has
wanted to leave a sustained message to the Earth civilization. By the investigations of dr
Pesic, the crosses alike letters later evolve in other form of letters, in a combination with
other types of written signs, and also, some of the written signs (about 20) in the same
form are made known in the prehistory, as kind of pictograms shows as written signs in
some old Balcan systems of writting up to the modern time, and it is not nonsence that all
old signs have parallel in some of old written systems. It shows that no limited definition
on the question when the prehistory ends and when the history begins. Artefacta from
Vinca are prehistoric objects according to the production, but also historic according to
the signs on them.
For the Old European letter the science says that it remains deciphered because
namely numerous factors are making the interpretation impossible. Truth is really
different, because main subject of prehistoric gravures shows the secret of the birth and
death, the fertility, the renewal of life, not only the human, but the entire life on the earth
and in the whole cosmos, developing in a perfect alphabetical system. It is possible to
distinguish the written signs from the signs that represent ornaments or marking of
possesivity. The ornament must not be observed as a regular, but as a complex sign with
a strongly expressed symbolical meaning. As the time moves on, the semantics of the
complex ornaments is lost, and remains the form that plays the role of a psycho-gram
meaning that, it evokes spiritual astonishing at the ones that watches it, without knowing
the semantics of the producet ornament. The written sign originate from the abstract signs
and symbols, from the pictograms and ideograms, but the geometrical signs out of which
are arising a big number of alphabetical systems, surely are originating from the
pictograms and ideograms. All the written systems are upcoming from the old signs that
have represented people, animals, visible objects and natural phaenomenon, which were
tightly connected with the religious symbolism. By the meaning of dr Radivoj Pesic that
many signs are reforming its meaning in the envoy by depending of how and in which
part of the sign are used spots, look at the latter general using, with the clear phainomena
that duplication and multiplication may have a (white)magic purpose sence. In the
study Gods and Goddesses of the ancient Europe, dr Maria Gimbutas means that other
origins of winding lines and signs in a form of a letter V are also incised in the figures
from Vinca. On the edges and surfaces of laege vessels and pots, there appear incised
signs as well. They cannot be interpreted as pottery signs because they are not separated
geometric signs, but a series of linear signs. She originated Vinca-script to the fifth or
sixth millennia BC as the earliest ever script of the ancient world, and says: The incised
testamentary objects speak clearly of the existence of ancient European linear signs, and
191
in general, of a very early appearance of the script. From the material discovered up to
now it could be concluded that the beginning should be sought at the end of the Neolitic
and the beginning of the Halcolitic Era (the later Starcevo early Vinca on the Central
Balkan) ca. 5500-5000 BC. Further research of the script is pending (but see the
dissertation by Milton Winn, UCLA, 1973, book for the analysis of the signs is to appear
in 1982). Our modern scientist from Macedonia, dr Dusko Aleksovski also find the
primogenetic level of alphabet linear writing in Vinca as the real old Europe written
signs. He says: I think that the Rock Art is the foundation of the world literacy, i.e. that
the explorers of the Rock Art are facing the basis of the worlds culture and literacy,
namely the source of the entire world sacred legacy and its their task to keep it clean and
not permitting anyone to filth it. (Expose in the symposia The signs of civilizations).
He also have a meaning that the nature of that old protoeuropean language is close to the
Slav languages, and in the matter of fact to the Serbian in the varieties of old Serbian,
Serboslavic, Slavonic, Dalmatian, Bosnian, Serbo-Croatian, antique and modern
Macedonian, enough Bulgarish and Rumunian and Greek also, as the languages
dominating on the territory of Old Europe.
The Proto-European or Yaphetic stage of the development of the Slavs, besides
the Illyrians, Thracians, Scythians, Sarman(t)s and the above-mentioned Etruscans, also
includes the Kemerians (Iberians), whom Milan Budimir (From Balkan Sources,
Beograd, 1969) identifies with the term sebar-serf (the old form is simb/e/ro) which was
later used to denote the Serbian Slavs. In the spirit of the Yaphetic theory, Mavro Orbini
(The Kingdom of the Slavs, 1601) finds the ethongenesis of the Slavs in the ethnic
formations of the Sarmats, Scythians, Vends (Veneti), Antes, Serbes (Serbs), Swedes,
Finns, Prussians, Vandals, Burgundians, Poloni, Bohemians, Illyrians, Thracians, etc.
Mavro Orbinis theory has not been so widely accepted or thorouly verifies, the fact is
that the vestiges of the Slav inhabitants have remained in all the regions mentioned in
territory of Old Europe, and also in England, Germany, Austria and Italy.
The great explorer of Slav history P.I.Safarik (Slovanske starozitnosti, Praha,
1837) never questions the autochtony of the Slavs in the Balkans. In a documentary way,
he rejects the credibility of Porphyrogenits information about the alleged migrations of
the Slavs and their settlement on the Balkan peninsula in the 7th century. Categorically
rejecting the veracity of Porphyrogenits information, Safarik considers it to be
deliberately involved so that it could realize its political apologia. The history of the
research of the Slav origins has come across such apologias for contemporary politics
before, as well as after Safarik, but political apologias can never be accepted as history,
but only as another kind of history. Besides Letopis by Nestor of Kiev and the
chronicle The Kingdom of the Slavs by Mavro Orbini, the distant past of the history of the
Serbs and Slavs enough is the subject of the so-called Isenbecks tablets, the parts of
which were decoded and first published in 1954-1959 in San Francisco and edited by
A.A Kur and J. Mirolubov. The complete edition of this unusual document of Slav
history, entitled Vles kniga, appeared in ten volumes translated into Ukrainian and edited
by M. Skripnik in the Hague, 1967, and naw also in translation on modern Serbian
language from dr Radivoj Pesic in Belgrade, 1998. An unknown writer wrote down on
these tablets (wooden ones), in the pre-Cyrillic alphabet, the history of the Slavs from the
year 650 B.C up to the 9th century A.C, on the basis of which one may suppose that the
document was written in the 10th or 11th century. This newly found chronicle of the
192
Slavs, all together unusual, raises many fundamental questions concerning the Slav
ethnogenesis and history and attracts the attention of scholars by pointing to the records
of the Slavs in the epoch B.C existing in the very large area of the European and one part
of the Asian continent. For example, the ancient Armenian chronicler Moses of Chorene
(370-487), in the early forth century AD, points out: Thrace lands are situated east of
Dalmatia, at Sarmatia, and Thrace has five small and one large province peopled by the
Slav tribes (in quae septem genera Slavorum habitant), as well as Goths, and they have
hills, rivers, sea, islands, and the capital, the happy Constantinople. It mention of
famoust Armenian is possible to linking with the old people in the Balcan mentioned bay
Greek historiographers. That another line to situation in a proto historical connection was
excellently revived in our time by Milan Budimir in his study of the relations of the old
Pelasgians and the Slavs /what means by Pliny the Elder (69 BD), Ptolemy (175 AD),
Strabo (49 BC) etc. the Serbs/. Material on Pelasgian and Serbs issues scattered about
and thrown around, was painstakingly reinvestigated through historical linguistic layers
in the quest after the relation with the oldest peoples, according to Pelasgians by ancient
beliefs. To bring them into correlation with the peoples of the Serbian ethnic, who were
historically completely marginalized, pseudo-named or entirely anonymous, is more than
a courageous pioneer enterprise. The South Slavs were cruelly branded as the
gravediggers of the ancient culture by Gibbon and Fallmerayer, showing the extremely
destructive state in the Nordic science, which can only be a result of internal psychic
convoulsions from menances. About that famoust Serbian arcaeologist Miloje M. Vasic
expressed his opinion thereabout in his short article Dirigovana arheologija(Directed
archaeology), publicly discussed in 1950 and published in 1955, and Milan Budimir also
in the work Problem bukve i protoslovenske domovine (The problem of the birch and
proto-Slavic homeland, Rad, JAZU, Zagreb, 1951), explicitly pointing out the continuity
of the matter in his paper Antika i Pelasti: As far as I know, professor M.M.Vasic was
the first to raise his voice against the Nordic theory and to relate the Carpathian-Middle
Danube Basin cultures with those of the Anatolia and East Mediterranean. Due to the fact
that the German scientist ruled with their activities nearly a century and a half the
European science, particularly with regard to the antiquity and the East, a long period of
time will be needed to revise the traditional cognitions createt in the spirit of the Nordic
theory. (M. Budimir, Antiquity and the Pelasians, Live antiquity, Skopje, 1951., p.88)
But, dr Harald Haarman changed that picture about Nordic theory in the same time as the
systematization of the Vica script by great dr Radivoj Pesic at us. In the article
Migrations or the geometry of identity dr Pesic shows the testimonies and controversies
on the migration of European peoples during pre-Christian era, and marked the barrier for
seemed to have closed the Pelasgian circle, as bed causal branch of usual thinking that the
offered mythology and inconvincible conclusion of missing written sources, often
pointed out at the mention of the Slavs and their migrations. Also, the Vinca script
expanded as far as the end of the second millennium, while the beginning of the flourish
of the Etruscan civilization was shifted to a deeper past, on the basis of the most recent
archaeological resarches. It is still obvious the circle has yet not been closed. The old
civilizations point to a somewhat different geography comparing to the one they have
been drawn into. (R. Pesic, Denial plot, Bgd., 1996., p.35) Chronological and
comparative point of view there is not more a foreign influence on to the progress of
literature on the Balkans, which is a confirmation of the originality of the Vinca letter that
193
has its roots in this artefacta engravings, and it is possible to find them all over the
Balkans including Sclavonia and Hungary. They are closely connected with the religious
believes, and with them the European abstract symbolism becomes more explicable. This
European heritrage for which Europe it self is not yet adequately aware off, also is the
foundation not just Serbian, but for all the Old Europen identity.
By the following of the poetical enthusiasm and science invention, it is possible to
stay on the point of wiew of reading Vatinski prljenak (The engraving ring from
Vatina) as ivot je ljubav /The life is love/. It is linear shape artifact presents courious
written message. That inscriptions are the testimony of mentality of that old people who
wanted to leave a sustained message to the Earth civilization. That tradition belongs to
the Serbs and Slavs people, who are the ancient tribes of Old European civilization. It is
same people who belonged to the pelasgian corpus of nations in the linie to defense of the
ancient town of Troy in thirteenth century BC, what meaning to prove to originate from
the fifth to nine millennia BC makes no nonesic. In the Danubian Value and Balkan in
that time further research find the linear script decoding by the knowns of Pelasgians,
Etruscian and old Slavic systems of language. Systematization of Vinca script who makes
Shan Winn is logicly consequent and illustrated by so many identifications in the
historical perspective of modern Serbian language, by the way of coincidences who
makes a rool of writing and also root of reading. But, the means that it is one and same
have a problems with a historical development of a any language in the world today.
Work of the `Brothers from Solun`, Saints Kirrilo and Methodious, who spread the Word
of a Euangellie in the IX century was a remarkable stamp on the Slavic languages in
extensor, and Serbian on the first place. When we are thinking about modern Europe and
about the contribution to her spirit in the immesurable work of Saint Cyrill and
Methodious twelwe centuries ago, there is not nonistructive to have on the mind what is
about the European spirit write father of the modern phaenomenology, Edmund Husserl.
Aside from the fact that he knows little or nothing of Eastern thought, Husserl not rarely
repeats the arbitrariness of 'Philosophy as Rigorous Science', where he simply decides
what philosophy is (in an essential intuition, of course) and refuses to dignify with that
name whatever does not measure up. In Husserl's view, the beginning of a philosophical
(of scientific) focusing of attention on the environing world - as opposed to a nave,
mythical, or poetic attitude - represents the most important revolution in the history of
human thought. 'The spiritual image of Europe' - what is it?, asks Husserl himself, and
take the answer it is exhibiting the philosophical idea immanent in the history of
Europe (of spiritual Europe). For him it is its immanent teleology, which, if we consider
mankind in general, manifests itself as a new human epoch emerging and beginning to
grow, the epoch of a humanity that from now on will and can live only in the free
fashioning of its being and its historical life out of rational ideas and infinite tasks. In
Europe is not only the birthplace of philosophy and the sciences, but it is philosophy and
the sciences that more than anything else have made European culture unique, and have
given to that unique most distinguishing characteristic. European conglomerate of
nationalityes goes back in a historical view to an ideal image that could be recognized in
a merely external morphological examination of changing forms. For the Husserl, the
only way to describe the horizon thus opened is to call it 'infinite', and on that horizon he
explains: The 'crisis of European existence', which manifests itself in countless
194
symptoms of a corrupted life, is no obscure fate, no impenetrable destiny. Instead, it
becomes manifestly understandable against the background of the philosophically
discoverable 'teleology of European history'. Strictly means he after it concluded: The
crisis of European existence can end in only one of two ways: in the ruin of a Europe
alienated from its rational sense of life, fallen into a barbarian hatred of spirit; or in the
rebirth of Europe from the spirit of philosophy, through a heroism of reason that will
definitively overcome naturalism. Europe's greatest danger is weariness.
93
For the
overcoming of that weariness and a weakness of a spirit on that position, i.e. on a
naturalistic or a hyperphysic options, we need always to come back on the beginnings of
a theoretical way of life.
The theoretical attitude has its historical origin in the Greeks, and it is most
intimately connected with the eruption (or the invasion) of philosophy and the sciences,
in that ancient spirit. We already suspect that there will be question of clarifying the
profoundest reasons for the origin of fatal naturalism, or - and this is of equal importance
- of modern dualism in interpreting the world. Ultimately the proper sense of European
man's crisis should thereby come to light. Husserl thinks that blinded by naturalism the
practitioners of humanistic science have completely neglected the problem of a universal
and pure science of the spirit, a theory that pursues what is unconditionally universal in
the spiritual order with its own elements and its own laws. At the same time, his positions
Husserl sees as a continuous with previous attitudes, since it is a transformation of them
and not an elimination. For him something is common to the old and to the new, and
developed this profound insight wherein he sees faith as a special kind of evidence. Life
on the level of nature is characterized as a naively direct living immersed in the world, in
the world that in a certain sense is constantly there consciously as a universal horizon but
is not, merely by that fact, thematic. Thematic is that toward which man's attention is
turned. Being genuinely alive is always having one's attention turned to this or that,
turned to something as to an end or a means, as relevant or irrelevant, interesting or
indifferent, private or public, to something that is in daily demand or to something that is
startlingly new. All this belongs to the world horizon, but there is need of special motives
if the one who is caught up in such a life in the world is to transform himself and it to
come to the point where he somehow makes this world itself his theme, where he
conceives an enduring interest in it. Whether this began only with the Greeks is, of
course, open to dispute, permitting theology, too, to be a science. Show me your man
and I will show to you my God, say apologist Teophilus from Antiochia, and it means
that we must have on the first line a right man for a possibility of showing him the link
with the God. Man is due on the first place to warring about the character of a building of
his spirit, and just after it is possible to showing to him a right presentation of the God. It
is not just needing, sed also a obligation, because in a human dignity depends it to have a
religious attitude (Kant). That needing and a obligation take us possibility to see a
tradition who transmissed a St. Cyril and Methodious in the different light, as a good and
a part of the common European spirit.

93
Philosophy and the Crisis of European Man, Lecture delivered by Edmund Husserl, Vienna, 10 May 1935., III,
conclusion
195
As it is known both Cyrill and Methodius played probably one of the most
important roles in spreading Orthodoxy among the Slavic population. Hence they were
named Apostles of the Slavs, having the meaning simply that they brought the Christian
faith to the Slavs. To tematized it, is necessary because of a understanding a deeping
sence of it work. Francis Dvornik is take a specific attention on this event, and described
him with a significance for the European world: This short sketch of the cultural
development of the Slavic nations in the Middle Ages seems necessary to show the real
significance of the mission of the two Greek brothers. Its aim in Moravia was, above all,
cultural.
94
Theoktistos Vriennion also was the uncle of St. Cyril and Methodius. In 843
he invited St. Cyril and Methodius in Constantinople to help with their studies and
arrange the placement of St. Methodius as a commander of a Slavic administrative
region. Theoktistos, along with Photios and Bardas, initiated a far- reaching educational
program and founded the University of Magnaur. It was during this regency that Leo the
Mathematician, Photios who taught Greek Philosophy, and later St. Constantine-Cyril
taught at the university. In the words of Father Dvomik: "The regime of Theoktistos
represents the continuation of the literary and scientific movement which in Byzantium
continues from the learned Patriarch John the Grammarian to Leo the Mathematician and
from Theophilos to Photios and their school."
95
Bardas being the uncle of Michael III was
elevated to magister and appointed head of the imperial guard, when 855 Michael III
came of age and turned the control of the government over, raising Bardas to the highest
rank, of the caesar, and together with it decided to eliminate Theoktistos.
96

After the death of his patron, Prime Minister Theoctistus, St. Constantine-Cyril fell
into disfavor with the political authorities and stop with his professorial charier. With his
brother, as a missionaries, he took all that what they prepare to Moravia, and it was the
product of many years of preparation. St. Cyril is known to have been a pupil of Photius,
and later his colleague at the University of Constantinople, having been appointed
Professor of Philosophy in the reign of Empress Theodora. As a close friend of Photius,
and successor of his theanthropophile ideas in a spetial humanistic sence, he also was a
certain person for the serious works in Church and State. He was later reconciled with the
Emperor and Bardas, no doubt through the good offices of Photius.
97
He travelled to the
Caliphate with Photius in 856, and was subsequently sent, on the latter's
recommendation, to the Crimea and Khazaria. On his return from this mission in 861, 'he

94
Francis Dvornik, The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius; in Slavic Review Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jun.,
1964), page: 211.
95
Francis Dvornik, The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius; in Slavic Review Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jun.,
1964)
96
Runciman, Steven: Byzantine civilization, New York, 1956., p. 180: Ecclestiastical control abetted the
misfortunes of the Empire in working against a wide education. Lay learning with its pagan past was
viewed with a certain suspicion There was a great revival of learning: though its pioneers, man like
Photius and John the Grammarian, were regarded by the populace as magicians. Michael III`s uncle and
minister, the Caesar Bardas, founded a new State University in the Magnaura. The Professor of Philosophy
was the head the Oeconomicos Didaskalos with the Professors of Grammar, Geometry and Astronomy
under him.
97
ueop Vcnencxn, Hcmopu eosaumuucro u+nepuu: Hepno Maxeoncxo nnacrnn (867-1057),
Mocxna, 1997.


196
had his seat in the Church of the Holy Apostles'; that is, he took up a professorial chair in
the Patriarchal School, which operated on that church's premises. It will mean that by
virtue of a continuity that bridges intentionally the discreteness involved, men will hold
on to the new type of interests as worth being realized and will embody them in
corresponding cultural forms. This preparation have been a some special center for
Slavonic studies, which was probably located in the School of the Holy Apostles. What
was actually needed, apart from a teacher with a knowledge of the language, was an
alphabet adapted to the specific phonetic features of Slavic, the creation of theological
and ecclesiastical terminology in Slavic, and translations of the basic books of worship
and instruction. Culturally surpassing Byzantine Christianity kept its universalist
missionary vision, which expressed itself in a successful evangelization of the Slavs and
other Eastern nations. The Eastern Church's missionary activity brought the Christian
faith to a great many countries and peoples, from Nubia in Africa to Southern Arabia and
as far afield as India, China, and Georgia. In Europe too the majority of the Germanic
tribes received Christianity from Constantinople. At one point, in Venice, Cyril's
opponents refused to countenance the use in the Liturgy of any but the three holy
languages of the Cross. He refuted their arguments by declaring that in the East all
peoples had the Gospel and praised God in their own language: Armenians, Persians,
Avasgians, Georgians, Sogdians, Goths, Avars, Turks, Khazars, Arabs, Egyptians,
Syrians, and other besides./Life of Constantine 16/
But its later theological development took place in the title of "Great Church of
Constantinople-New Rome", and stay known to the Latin competitors and Slavic
disciples as in the tradition of a "Greek" Church. It is a tradition of a conteptualisated
understanding of a Word, Logos.
98
That heritrage is important for the modern philosophy
and consistently means as one of the basic elements for the constitution of a european
spirit today what subsisted through patristic literature.
It is necessary to give here the own informations about philosophical and
theological streams of thinking on the East of Europe, to profound the picture of
contributions of the East part of the common European spirit, significant for the possible
rebirth of Europe from the spirit of deep understanding philosophy. But the drastic
measures taken by Justinian in excluding both, pagans and non-Orthodox Christians,
from the teaching profession and in closing the pagan University of Athens must have
emphasized that the role of secular studies in Christian Byzantium was purely ancillary.
Even if a small circle of intellectuals perpetuated the philosophical traditions of the
ancient Greeks, the official position of both, Church and state, now considered
philosophy as at best a tool for expressing Revelation, but it never admitted that

98
And Constantine the Philosopher celebrated him on a party at the Khazzars Kagan: *kagan' Ze
v&z$m$ CaSU reCe: pijam$ v& ime boga jedinogo,
s&tvor'Sago vsU tvar$.
filosof' Ze reCe, v&z$m$ CaSU: pJju v& ime boga jedinogo i
slovese jego, s&tvor'Sago slovom$ vsu tvar$, im'Ze nebesa
utvr$diSe se, i Zivotvoreqago duxa, im'Ze v&sa sila ix$ stoit$. - Hnjem y nme jennora Fora n nerone
Peun, xojom cy ce neeca yrnpnna, n y nme xnnornopnora yxa, y xojem ce jana cna cnna nnxona.

197
philosophy was entitled to shape the very content of theological ideas. Formally
acknowledged as a valid expression of religious ideas, in accepting these facts, adopted
everything in Greek philosophy, which was compatible with Christian Revelation. The
Philosophy of the Church Fathers presents the thought of the Fathers as a recasting of
Christian beliefs in the form of a philosophy, which thereby produced also a Christian
version of Greek philosophy. Gods in the plural, mythical powers of every kind, are
objects belonging to the environing world, on the same level of reality as animal or man.
In the concept of God, the singular is essential. Looking at this from the side of man,
moreover, it is proper that the reality of God, both as being and as value, should be
experienced as binding man interiorly. These results, then, an understandable blending of
this absoluteness with that of philosophical ideality. In the overall process of idealization
that philosophy undertakes, God is, in the analogy by the word `logos` - logicized, and
becomes even the bearer of the absolute intellect, logos who invokes faith itself as
evidence, and thus as a proper and most profound mode of grounding true being.
That sence of the logosologic have a Constantin Philosopher when he translated
greek word Logos with a oldslovenian SLOVO. Semantic transposition of the concept of
logos, translated with a slovo, as a statement and speaking, principle talking, reasonly
exhibition of things and history as a sence of investigation completely is evident. To the
educated area belongs people who know how to talk /da oslove/ , and institutionalisating
begans with a taking the name of a thing /da slovi/ and stay a known in the sence of a
common recognition /proslovljava/. On the other hand, SLOVO takes his right shine in
significance of a gift of speaking, expressiveness of the thoughts, harmony of words,
concentrating of a speeking and exhibiting, in pointing thing, prewriting, synonymus for
a book, concilary, message, testimony, response, conphonemy, contacting, commande in
imperative mood, low and knowledge. His light blaze is evident in the translation of
Logos as a Gods Word /Bozija rec, slovese, slovo/, signified a letters or a statements,
Secred letter, talking in the sence of witnessing, entested speaking, tale /as a greek logion,
oraculous speaking/. By the amazing work of Saint Cyril and Method, it is maken a
intellectual frame as a ground of conceptions, in which is stay possible for the
significations of a abstract words to be indurative and sedimentative.
99


99
Common speaking usuly adopted to the concrete objective investigations, by that method of arising on
the level of abstract conceptions, takes a not standard meanings in thinking and generated opened for the
philosophic using. In a "prologue' in verse (Proglas), which preceded their translation of the Gospel
Lectionary, they expressed the meaning of their mission by developing a theology of the word. Both
brothers read scripture in the light of the Greek patristic tradition in which they were trained. It inspired that
which is often referred to as the "Cyrillo-Methodian" ideology, based on the belief that the Christian faith
must become incarned (or indigenised) in order to produce authentic fruits of dynamic human cooperation
with God in building up a Christian society and a Christian culture. In this essay we are attempting to
convey some of the meaning of that theological and spiritual tradition, not only in its historical dimension,
as it inspired St Cyril and St Methodius eleven centuries ago, but as it can provide solutions for
contemporary issues as well. On the most solemn moment of the liturgical year, at the liturgy on paschal
night, the church proclaims, through the prologue of St Johns Gospel "In the beginning was the Word-
Logos."
198
In our secular civilization the term Logos has not become a totally foreign word:
we meet it whenever we speak of biology, of psychology, or whenever we affirm that our
words or actions are logical. As a highly respectable terms, sometimes opposed to what
one calls religion because they are scientific terms; they designate one's knowledge of
matter, of life, of the human self, while religion--purportedly deals only with guesses, or
perhaps with myths, or at least, with symbols. So Logos stands a point of serious
knowledge for understanding, essential moment for meaning, but with a secular elements
as a dominative.
100
This means that he stands the key to all knowledge, to all
understanding of anything that can be learned and, indeed, the meaning of everything that
exists in God, as that kind of the Logos.
101
It is remarkable, but a metaphorical sence and
secular way of the using the words. We mentioned a Husserls struggle with a nave
statements expressed in the naturalism, in a real facts of the environing world, without
anyone confronting philosophy with questions stemming from a critique of cognition,
with questions of evidence. When man follows his natural will, which presupposes life in
God, Gods co-operation, and communion, he is truly free. But man also possesses
another potential, determined not by his nature, but by each human person, or hypostasis,
the freedom of choice, of revolt, of movement against nature, and therefore of self-
destruction. This personal freedom was used by Adam and Eve after the Fall in
separation from God and from true knowledge from all the assurance secured by
"natural" existence. It implies hesitation, wandering, and suffering; this is the gnomic will
(gnom opinion), a function of the hypostatic or personal life, not of nature. Very often
we tend to consider John's prologue as somehow peripheral to the basic content of the
gospel, as if it was a somehow arlificial and dated attempt at explaining philosophically
the identity of Christ. Logos, we are told, is a concept coming from Stoic philosophy. It is
foreign to Hebrew thought and, therefore, does not belong to the original Christian
gospel. Most modern exegets agree, however, that, although St John deliberately uses a
term that was familiar in the Hellenistic world, where early Christian communities were
beginning to spread, he is basically inspired in his Logos-theology by the image of divine
wisdom.
It is, of course, referring to the spiritual form of Europe, by the very fact that it
strives to accomplish its own ideal task in the spirit of infinity, contributes its best to the

100
And it is indeed the most daring, the most challenging, the most affirmative of all the words of scripture,
which says: In the beginning was the Logos
And the Logos was with God
And the Logos was God (John 1: 1)
101
In creation, however, there are also powers of darkness, of disorder, of chaos, of resistance to the Logos.
These illogical powers are also mentioned in the same prologue of John's Gospel:
That was the true light, which lighteth every
man that cometh into the world.
He was in the world, and the world
was made by Him, and the world knew him not.
Nevertheless, the unique event that expresses the whole content of the Chtistian claim did occur:
The Logos was made flesh, and dwelt among us,
And we beheld his glory, the glory as of the
Only Begotten of the Father
Full of grace and truth.

199
community of nations. In this total society with its ideal orientation, philosophy itself
retains the role of guide, which is its special infinite task.

Philosophy has the role of a free
and universal theoretical disposition that embraces at once all ideals and the one overall
ideal, in short, the universe of all norms and values, as the St. Constantin so long ago
thinks. Philosophy has constantly to exercise through European man its role of leadership
for the whole of mankind. "Logos was crucified" while birth and death remain purely
human realities. But it can and must also be said that a man rose from the dead and sits at
the right hand of the Father having acquired characteristics, which "naturally" belong to
God alone: immortality and glory. Through Christs humanity deified according to its
hypostatic union with the Logos, all members of the Body of Christ have access to
"deification" by grace through the operation of the Spirit in the liturgy in Church.
102
A
firm stand on Christs individuality as on a mans one again raised the issue of the
hypostatic union, and the unique hypostasis or person of Lord Christ is that of the Logos.
As human beings rejected God's fellowship, their mutual rejoicing was replaced with a
proud self-determination of humankind, which could only provoke God's anger. On
opposite, here in Jesus Christos, there is a new beginning, a new joy. And all of this is
possible because the new creation comes by the will of the God and realized by his
Logos. Christos, being the Logos, is not only the saviour of individual souls, sed reached
a reveal code of ethics, and also a true philosophy as a Saviour /Spas/ and the meaning of
all of creation /Logos, SLOVO/.
103

St. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius, accompanied by their disciples, started
their mission to Moravia towards 863. Welcomed with open arms by the local prince and
his subjects, they were actively engaged in propagating divine worship in the Slavonic
language. Naturally, this rivalry was not admired by the Western clergymen,
predominantly of German origin. This first mission failed and the two brothers arrived
back to Constantinople. From here they set out on a new journey, through Venezia, to
Rome, carrying with them the holy relics of St. Clement I, Pope of Rome. Those chosen
were Saints Cyril and Methodius, who readily accepted, set out and, probably by the year
863, reached Greater Moravia-a State then including various Slav peoples of Central

102
In our Lord Jesus Christ, human nature is united with the hypostasis of the Logos and while remaining
fully itself is liberated from sin, the source of which is the gnomic will. Because it is "en-hypostasized" in
Logos Himself, Christs humanity is perfect humanity. In the mysterious process, which started with His
conception in the Virgins womb, Jesus passed through natural growth, ignorance, suffering, and even
death: all of experiences of the fallen humanity, which He had come to save, and He fulfilled through the
resurrection the ultimate human destiny. The doctrine of "deification" is based upon the fundamental
patristic presupposition that communion with God does not diminish or destroy humanity but makes it fully
human.
103
Obviously then, the notion of hypostasis cannot be identified with either the divine or the human
characteristics; neither can it be identical with the idea of human consciousness. The hypostasis is the
ultimate source of individual, personal existence, which in Christ is both divine and human. The synoptic
gospels begin their narratives with historical events: the birth of Jesus, his baptism and the beginning of his
preaching ministry. In contrast, John starts with a deliberate parallel between the story of creation and that
of the new creation in Christ: "In the beginning God created heaven and earth" (Gen. 1:1). "In the
beginning was the Logos" (John 1:1). The story in book of Genesis itself cannot be understood without the
revelation in the His Son Jesus; of what probably was the real original purpose of God's creative acts: the
new creation, the new humanity, the new cosmos, which are manifested in the resurrection of Jesus, are
what God originally intended.
200
Europe, at the crossroads of the mutual influences between East and West. They
undertook among these peoples that mission to which both of them devoted the rest of
their lives, spent amidst journeys, privations, sufferings, hostility and persecution, which
for Methodius included even a period of cruel imprisonment. All of this they bore with
strong faith and indomitable hope in God. They had in fact prepared well for the task
entrusted to them: they took with them the texts of the Sacred Scriptures needed for
celebrating the Sacred Liturgy, which they had prepared and translated into the Old
Slavic language and written in a new alphabet, devised by Constantine the Philosopher
and adequate adapted to the sounds of that language. The missionary activity of the two
Brothers was accompanied by notable success, but also by the understandable difficulties
which the preceding initial Christianization, carried out by the neighboring Latin
Churches, placed in the way of the new missionaries.
About three years later, while travelling to Rome, they stopped in Pannonia
where the Slav Prince Kocel, who had fled from the important civil and religious center
of Nitra, gave them a hospitable reception. From here, after some months, they set out
again for Rome together with their followers, for whom they desired to obtain Holy
Orders. Their route passed through Venice, where the innovating elements of the mission
they were carrying out were subjected to a public discussion. In Rome Pope Hadrian II,
who had in the meantime succeeded Nicholas I, received them very cordially. He
approved the Slavic liturgical books, which he ordered to be solemnly placed on the altar
in the Church of Saint Mary ad Praespe /Bogorodice Prespanske/, and recommended that
their followers be ordained priests. This phase of their efforts concluded in a most
favorable manner. Methodius however had to carry out the next stages by himself,
because his younger brother, now gravely ill, scarcely had time to take religious vows
and put on the monastic habit before he died shortly afterwards, on February 14, 869 in
Rome. There, Constantine-Cyril succeeded in persuading Pope Adrian II, that, as a
church language, Slavonic is as adequate as Greek, Latin, or Jewish - a step more than
revolutionary in the context of the then Europe, and an argument already discussed in
Venezia. Unfortunately, during their stay in the Holy City Constantine-Cyril fell ill and
died (869). His tomb in the San Clemente basilica has been conserved till the present
day and is a place of veneration for many people of Slav origin. Methodius, consecrated
archbishop by the Pope, returned with some of his disciples to his flock in Greater
Moravia. Outliving his brother by 16 years, he continued his work in increasingly
difficult circumstances, produced by the unabating intrigues of the German clergy.
Immediately after his death in Moravia in 885, his followers were put to persecution,
arrests, and tortures, and were finally driven away from the country. In Greater Moravia
the Slavonic script and liturgy were gradually ousted by the Latin.
In 886 the two brothers disciples, who had survived, set forth to Bulgaria, the
country that had been converted to Christianity two decades before. Having received his
blessing and support in the capital city of Preslav, as well as in Bulgarias south-western
parts, in Macedonia and Ohrid, the adherents of the two brothers from Salonika founded
two great literary and spiritual schools. Thus, for example, St. Clement (about 838-916)
who was sent to Macedonia, and who is for only 7 years educated about 3500 pupils. In
this way, after the failed mission of Methodius and his disciples in Greater Moravia, the
201
Slavonic script, as well as the Old Slovenian language and liturgy developed freely and
in full force in Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Kievan Russia, Lithuania, Wallachia, Moldavia,
etc. That tradition of a logosological spread of a Christianity, or a wittnising in the name
of a Living God in continuated in the next centuries on the East of Europe. With a
coming into monach republing on the Saint Mountain Athos, prince of Serbia saint Sava
(1175-1235), and latter his father Stephan Nemanja also as a monk Simeon, it was
founded the ground of a Serbian Orthodox Church in a year 1219. In the Epistolas of kyr
Siluan we have a papers from the monastery Savina on the Skadar lake in Zeta /nr. 22,
from 1418 year/ he writes - ''+:e ce caou+oumc ac cu c{ere}xu upucue
cu:u''/what is sweety than to be with the God together/, who mentioned the names of kyr
Isaia, Romil Ravanicki, Grigorious Gornjacki or Sinait Junger. In the 1331 year on the
throne of Serbs nation sits Emperor Dushan (from the 1346, Skopje), and the pupil of a
St. Grigorious Sinaite, hesychiastes metropolites Jacob from Ser, was his close adviser. In
1349 year, under influence of a metropolites Jacobus in Skopje was organized a church
council who legislated a book of lows of Emperor Dushan, and also was in a council on
1353 where is book of lows contributed. He lives five years more than Emperor Dushan
who died 20.12.1355. After the 1371 year (26.09. the bettle of river Maritsa whee was
killed the Ioann Uglesha with his brother Vukashin), with the Grigorious Silentarious and
a brotherhood in Valona, appears in Serbia of king Lazarus Bulgarian monk Romil
Ravanicki, who make a reform of a monasterian living, literacy and a culture, by the
imperative mood of transforming being in the new life in Holy Spirit, and his life written
on a greek language was translated on a Serbian language in 1390 year. His pupil
Grigorious Silentarious or Gornjacki or Sinait Junger was after mount Athos, Paroria and
bulg. Mon. Zagora of Bogorodica Odigitrije on the Meteora monastery in Thessalia
more than ten years, and from a Thesalloniki come to the Serbia and build the legend
monastery Gornjak and lived in him on till the end of a 1406 year. The place under the
monastery Gornjak, where he on a riwer Mlava make prayers to the God calls Silence
/Tishina/. In the silence of the covers of Platylithos who St. Athanasie Metheorit named a
Metheori, together with a Serbian king Ioannes Urosh (Ioasaph as monk) build the temple
of a Lords Transformation and writte a constitution of a living in the monastery by the
experience of teaching under leading of Grigorious Sinait, Grig. Silentarious, and other
monks. Also doing a St. Sisoe as a pupil of Romilo Ravanicki with a monastery Sisoevac,
and Nikodim Tismanski who lived in Kladovo, build the mon. Vodica near Turn-Severin.
The apostle of Slavs, left a lasting imprint on the Christian fate of Eastern
Europe, and marked the cultural boundaries of the continent for centuries, until the
present days. It was open possibility to stay in the civilization circumstancies near the old
Greek and Latin languages, who assimilated with it a good sides of a whole prechristian
tradition imported in the infinity of a memories in the Divine Infinity. Saint Sabba as a
foundator of the Serbian Ecclesia was compassionaly included in that enlighted tradition,
and show us how is possible on a best way come to the light sides of a entelechial
dimensions of a European traditions and be blessing by the God. Blessing of the Holy
Spirit as a third Ipostas of the Holy Trinity, by that work on a language is visible in the
first translation of Saint Dionisius Areopagit on the serboslavonic language in the age of
Emperor Dushan, from the handling of a famous Inok Isaija. Much more than earlier, it is
possible naw say that our values enriched in it ways, are deserved every respect.
202
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206

BHOBHBAHOIPAmH1A AYTOPA

Anexcanap M. Herponnh, pohen 26. maja 1958. ronne y Taxony, y noponnn
npocnernnx pannxa Mnxanna n 3ope Herponnh. Ocnonny mxony sanpmno y Cpemcxoj
Kamennnn (1972.), a rnmnasnjy Jonan Jonanonnh-3maj y Honom Cay (1976).
nnnomnpao 1982. ronne na unnoso]cxom ]axynrery Cneyunnnmra y 3arpey, na
ocennma sa ]nnoco]njy n xnacnuny ]nnonornjy. Hcre ronne ynncao
nocrnnnomcxe crynje ns ]nnoco]nje na Vnnnepsnrery y Feorpay n nonoxno
nehnny ncnnra, ann je nsnenano npemnnyhe raamner menropa npo]. p Fpanxa
Hannonnha, xome raa nnje nno moryhe nahn sameny, nornyno omeno nnxon
nopmanan rox. Beh npnnpemen nanpr marncrapcxor paa Hpemnocmaere
+emaqusure ceefeouucmea roo Hpor.a /ojaneno xacnnje na nnrepner nponajepy
Pacrxo-nnnorexa cpncxe xynrype/ npocro nnje nmao nn nopmxy nn oanyjyhy
nosnnnjy, xaxo je npnmar mapxcncrnuxnx rexonnna no jom ynex xnnan n nenpoojan,
cne nnme oenoanyjyhn cnoje y ocnonn nnxnnncrnuxe npre /Paehn ypann
nonarpnje paa xao xnasnreonomxe npnonnocrasn opannn cy cnoje y
nncrnrynnjama xynrype `yunnxonnrnje` o xnasnoronocranennx cnpononnana na
cexropcxnm nnnnjama nceyocrpojapcrna yma, raxo a je cnopnn cemnnapcxn pa o
mera]nsnnn cyjexrnnnocrn n nojmy paa xo Xerena n Mapxca ojanen je rex
mnoro xacnnje y uaconncy Hoa 1991 r./. Hecxnonocr nnaajyhnm neonomxnm
nnnnjama pasmnmana, a cxnonocr ]nnoco]cxoj ejeronornnn n njanexrnuxoj
]enomenonornjn xao meron, ynyrnne cy ra na camocranna ncrpaxnnana nan
nenocpennx sanncnocrn o nncrnrynnonannnx cnnexypa n xonrpona. Hecpehna
nonnrnuxa armoc]epa xoja je neyro sarnm ycnena a ce sapnje parnom cexnpom y
nam xnnor, cnnnnom nacryna oannna nx je y nornyny cenxy, npe]epnmyhn cacnnm
pyre npenocrn n xomnosonnone nennne. Pa na nn]opmannonnm nnnorexapcxnm
cncremnma y Marnnn cpncxoj omoryhanao je npncryn xnnxnom ]ony n mnpene
nnoxpyra pasymenana crnapn, ys cne one nensexne manxanocrn cnrnnx naxocrn
nponnnnnjannsma, xapaxrepncrnune sa nehnny namnx yn, na ce moxe pxarn
npaxrnuno n sa menrannrer. onymrane cnnpenocrn y nonamany n sarnnnnane y
napnapcrno nncy pesepnncane camo sa sananoenponcxn mnnnranrnn menrannrer, neh
nsrnea sa cne xojn onymrajy a ce na raxo nncxe rpane cnycre n npecranajy xao
a ca rnme unne nemro nennxo. Axo n jecre, ona je ro ona xonnunna orpannuenocrn
sa xojy nexo peue a je neonxona a n cner cnaxnm anom nsrneao raxan xaxan je.
Opanno nouerxom 1998. ronne na Vnnnepsnrery y Honom Cay
marncrapcxn pa ca remom Xeee. u n.amouoecra oufa.ermura. oxropcxy resy Physis
n kosmos (unnoco]nja npnpoe xo crapnx n Kanron nojam rexnnxe npnpoe y
onrnnn xpajne cnpxe cnera mro jecre), opanno na Vnnnepsnrery Hcrouno Capajeno
/23.11.2005./, no nohcrnom menropa npo]. p Hnana Konapnha. O 2007. pan na
Vnnnepsnrery y Hpnmrnnn, na xarepn sa ]nnoco]njy unnoso]cxor ]axynrera y
Koconcxoj Mnrponnnn xao onenr sa ecrernxy n anrnuxy ]nnoco]njy.
Vuecrnonao na nnme nayunnx cxynona ca pe]eparnma xojn cy xacnnje
ojannnann y nynnxannjama namenennm y ry cnpxy (o snauajnnjnx naa
nomenyrn nayunn cxyn - Anrnuxa ecrernxa n nayxa o xnnxennocrn Annne Cannh-
Pean, opxan y Marnnn cpncxoj, 1985. ronne; cnmnosnjym o anrnuxnm crynjama
207
opxan na Vnnnepsnrery y Cxony, 1989. ronne; cnmnosnjyme y oprannsannjn
Karepe sa ]nnoso]njy unnoso]cxor ]axynrera y Honom Cay n Kynrypnor nenrpa
Honor Caa, na nnaroy n canonnma Herponapanncxe rnphane, y nero 1995. n 1996.
ronne; cnmnosnjym o 400-ronmnnnn xapresnjancxe mncnn y Marnnn cpncxoj, 1996.
ronne; re cnmnosnjymnma xojn je oprannsonao Henrap sa mnronomxa ncrpaxnnana
Cpnje, 2000., 2001. n 2002., cnmnosnjymnma y Hnrpn y Cnonauxoj 2007. n 2008.,
Apmannpy n Kpacnoapy y Pycnjn 2008. n Mocxnn n Co]njn 2009.)
Vremno je mro je ynpxoc parnnm omerannma omerannma n armoc]epn cacnnm
nenaxnonenoj xnnsn cnnx onnx ronna nocnene enennje pyror mnnennjyma n
nouerxa rpeher, nnax crnrao a ojann nexe o pannje yonnuennx crynja, onono
aexnarno npnnpemene sa janno nynnxonane, a raxohe n a xomnnernpa mxoncxe
oanese es xojnx uonex ocraje neopeuen, a n neonpmen. Hpna ojanena
camocranna xnnra onocn ce na onacr ecrernxe - voopesu qu.ora.ufa: ornen o
cmncny crnapanamrna y nenany n mnmeny nonnje cpncxe xnnxennocrn, Hpnr:
Cpncxa unraonnna y Hpnry; Honn Ca: Crpaxnnono, 1991. Cnee ys mnore ojanene
crynje y nepnonnn n naxnnje monorpa]cxe nynnxannje - Xu+ue ooeoeu+a: xnnor
n ]nnoco]nja Hpoxna njaoxa /npeno, xomenrapn, nperonop n noronop
Anexcanpa M. Herponnha/, Honn Ca: Henxom ; Hcrounnx , Horopnna: Oxronx,
1995.; Hcnucu uac.eha: apxeorpa]nja npeanrnuxor n anrnuxor ncxycrna yxa y
canpemenoj xymanncrnuxoj naynn n xnnxennocrn o cpncxnx crapnnana n nnxonnx
noromaxa, Honn Ca: Henxom, 1996.; 4u.ocoqcra pas+ampana o me+e+u+a
noeecmu +uu+ena: Houerax n mnmene esycnonnor y nacrajany enponcxe mncnn,
Feorpa: Hemnh n cnnonn, 1998.; Apxeo.oeura v+a: ncxon ]nnoco]nje y orneany
crnapnocrn - ncrpaxnnana npnonrnocrn xpos pasrprana nsnopnor rna xnnora y
xony neronnx ocnonnnx n c nnm cpacnnx nojana, Fana Hyxa: Cnapor, 1999.; Hpu:e
us+uu+eue c eeopuuo+, Baan: 3acnon, 2006., Apxeoepaqufa uapooa Jveoucmo:ue
Eepone, Feorpa: HK Mnpocnan, 2006.; Ecmemura: ecrercxa nponemarnxa y
xnacnunoj n nocrxnacnunoj ncropnjcxoj nepcnexrnnn, Honn Ca: Cekom books
d.o.o., 2008., re Hpeeoo oufa.oea Kpamu. / Hnaron. Pas+ampana ropucuux us.aeana
H.amouoeoe Kpamu.a / Hpoxno njaox; nanncao ynoe, npeno n nparehn unanax
Anexcanap M. Herponnh Feorpa: Forocnoncxo pymrno Oraunnx, 2008. Hope
rora, y nayunoj nepnonnn ojanno cneehe npnxase xnnra n crynje:
Hsapann unannn y nepnonuxnm nynnxannjama:
1. O nomeuufa+a paseoeopa Hoa p. 287, Honn Ca, 1983. crp. 14-16

2. Questiones conscientii (npnxas xn.: upnpnx Hnue, Ieuea.oeufa +opa.a, Feorpa,
1983.), y - Heronnc Marnne cpncxe p. 433, ., crp. 291-295, Honn Ca: MC, 1984.

3. Aumu:ra ecmemura u qu.ocoqufa Auue Caeuh-Peoa, Heronnc Marnne
cpncxe ro. 162, crp. 112-125., Honn Ca: MC, 1986.

4. Cu+oo. u npeooumuocm Hoa p. 359., crp. 208-212, Honn Ca, 1988.

5. Tevpeufa u qu.ocoqufa ua eusaumufcru+ npocmopu+a, y Hoa p. 362, crp.
149., Honn Ca, 1989.

208
6. Hpeooumua npemnocmaera uucmuucmeoeana u neua .oeu:ra ueuaooruaoueocm
Hoa p. 366-367, crp. 319-322, Honn Ca, 1989.

7. ueom u oe.o ocumefa Oopaooeuha, Ipanna /remarcxn nox/, Hnm: HH
Ipanna, 1989., crp. 5-79. (npecraneno ycmennm npeananem n pasronopom na
Hearomxoj Axaemnjn y Hnmy ncre ronne)

8. Aumu:ro u eusaumufcro uac.ehe v ocumefeeo+ oe.v Heronnc Marnne cpncxe
p. 444, 5, crp. 543-550, Honn Ca, 1989.

9. Memaqusu:ra nosaouua Eeeoueeoe neeana, Balcanica CAH, p. XXI, crp. 259-
279., Feorpa: Cpncxa Axaemnja Hayxa n Vmernocrn, 1990.

10. Xu+uoepaqcra cqepa qu.ocoqufe Hpor.a ufaooxa, y Heronnc Marnne
cpncxe p. 445, 6, crp. 904-917., Honn Ca: MC, 1990.

11. Cucme+amusaufa aumu:re +uc.u roo Hpor.a ufaooxa Xnna anrnxa p. 9,
4, Cxone, 1991. (sa cnmnosnjym o anrnuxnm crynjama na rny Jyrocnannje)

12. Hpuo.uraeane qu.ocoqufu ceefeouucmea u neuu+ +emaqusu:ru+ cr.onoeu+a
roo Hpor.a ufaooxa - Hyua, cn. 9., p. 1., crp. 130-143, Hnxmnh: unnoso]cxn
]axynrer y Hnxmnhy, 1992.

13. O qu.ocoqufu +umo.oeufe u pe.ueufe Hpor.a ufaooxa Hcrounnx, p. ,
Feorpa, 1992.

14. Xeee. u Hpor.o cnpa+ cn.emoea npeooumuocmu, Onje, p. 309-310, crp. 16-21,
Horopnna, 1994.

15. Hec+a uao nec+a+a: Ca crynjom yxonnn xnnor pennnx Xepeja Mapxa
Bnmnha, /noronop Anexcanap M. Herponnh/, Feorpa: Hemnh n cnnonn, 1996.

16. erapmoe +eoumamueuu no:emar v qu.ocoqufu, y sopnnxy: uernpncro ronna
xapresnjancxor mnmena, Honn Ca: MC, 1998.

17. Pas+ampana nof+a +umoca ua aumu:ro+ u caepe+euo+ npu+epv: mnrcxa
crnapnocr n xpnrepnjymn nene xomnerennnje, y Mnronomxn sopnnx, p. 3., crp.
27-56, /Tema: C.oeo u +um/, Paua: Henrap sa mnronomxe crynje Cpnje, 2000.

18. Kunst und Technik Xafoeeepoe noc.eonu nvm: Cymrnna rexnnxe n nnrane npema
ymernocrn, uac. Fynenap, p.078; 079, Honn Ca, 2002.

19. H+auve. Kaum rao qu.ocoq eacnumana (1,2), Honn Ca: Mncao, p. 05; mapr,
anpnn 2004., crp. 46-47.; 43-47

209
20. Hoeecuu oonpuuocu oceeumaeana +ucaouoe uac.eha, Bnma mxona sa opasonane
nacnnraua - Bpman, 3opnnx p. 9.: Bpman, 2003. crp. 377-389.
21. Mumo.oeufa canana ca Heneucroe Bupa, y - Mnronomxn sopnnx, Paua: Henrap
sa mnronomxe crynje Cpnje, 2004., crp. 57-76.

22. Kaum u rv.mvpa qu.ocoqupana o npupoou, O necraronmnnnn Kanrone cmprn,
Kynrypa nonnca, Honn Ca, ro. 1., p. 1, 2004. crp. 249-291.

23. O eacnumauocmu v oufa.ermu:ru+ cn.emoeu+a: njanexrnxa n nonecno
mnmene, Honn Ca: Mncao p. 16, janyap, 2005.

24. ocumefeea rv.mvpua no.umura rao uenoo.eeane uav:uo+ +exauuus+v :oeera
+aruue; Honn Ca: Mncao, maj, 2005.
25. H.amouoecre uoefe u meopufa no.umure v noeecuof oumo.ourof onmuu, Honn
Ca, Kynrypa nonnca, ro. 1., p. 3, 2005., crp. 289-318./ Hpeno ca craporpuxor
npne Tpufaoe, nnn npne xnnre C.oea v saumumv ceeumeuo muxvfvhux, Cn. Ipnropnja
Haname, Honn Ca, Kynrypa nonnca, ro. 1., p. 3., 2005., crp. 619-699./
26. ufa.ermura roo cpeonoeeroeuux +uc.u.aa, Honn Ca, Kynrypa nonnca, ro.
2., p. 3., 2006., crp. 647-673. /Hpeno cnnca O ooraucru+ u+euu+a cn. nonncnja
Apeonarnra/

27. `Hpupooa u oro.uu ceem`: yxonna xomnerennnja xapnoenonrnuxor nnhena
Mnnocpnor anhena, un. y uac. unnoco]eme, Honn Ca, 2008., crp. 57-71.

28. Ecmemura uav:uoe xopusouma H.amouoee epomo.oeufe v qu.ocoqcru+
pas+ampanu+a, y uaconncy `Kynrypa nonnca`, ro. 5, p. 8/9/10., Honn Ca, 2008.,
crp. 429-455. (npeno o Ipnropnja, Enncxona Hnce Karo ce mpu .ua rasvfv v
Boraucro+, oa ue rare+o v mpu Boea; Je.uuu+a o onumu+ nof+oeu+a, crp. 407-
417.)

29. Anexcanap Herponnu, Koucmaumuuono.icru vuueepcumem u CHOBO
Koucmaumuua 4u.ocoqa rar eeo er.ao e c.aeucrvm ovxoeuvm mpaouum; n -
Cuuepeemura oopasoeauu: Rxnoe oenenne poccncxo axaemnn opasonannx,
(ntnycx nenanart), Mocxna Pocron na ony, 2008., crp. 410-424.

30. Vuueepsumem v Koucmaumuuono+v IX u X eera u ocuoee xv+auucmu:re uacmaee v
maoaunof Busaumufu, rao oonpuuocu eeponcro+ ovxv, y uaconncy `Oraunnx`,
Feorpa, 2008., crp. 205-214.

31. Doc. Dr Aleksandar M. Petrovic, University in Prishtina, Philosophical phaculty in
Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, Ancient Meaning of the Word: The Importance of the
Translation of the Word LOGOS - The Importance for Slavic Culture (Translation of a
210
Constantin the Philosopher of the word LOGOS as a SLOVO, what is a hi contribution
to the tradition of a Spirit of Slavs), symposion Nitra 2.06.2008., Univerziteta
Kontantina Filozofa v Nitre, Filozoficka fakulta: Duchovne, intelektualne a politicke
pozadie cyrilometodskej misie pred jej prichodom na Velku Moravu, Nitra, 2008.

32. `Hofa+ ecmemure u feouucmeo v+a`, y 3opnnx paona unnoso]cxor ]axynrera
Vnnnepsnrera y Hpnmrnnn, XXXVII (2007), Koconcxa Mnrponnna, 2008., crp. 309-
324.

33. `Hero.ure ecmemcre npu+eooe u oooau vs rocoecru rv.m Kuesa Hasapa`, y
Hpomnocr, caamnocr n yyhnocr Cpa Kocona n Meroxnje, Koconcxa
Mnrponnna: unnoso]cxn ]axynrer, 2009., crp. 41-51.

34. `Pe.ueufa u opvumeo v ceemcroucmopufcrof ou+eusufu qu.ocoqcroe u
oceem+euoe v+a`, un. y uac. unnoco]eme, Honn Ca, 2009., crp. 5-21.

35. `Caepe+eua pvcra qu.ocoqufa u neua ca+ooopehueana` - Honn Ca, Kynrypa
nonnca, ro. 6., p. 11-12., 2009., crp. 7-21. /npeno Tafaucmeeuoe ooeoc.oe+a n
Huca+a ca crynjom - `C.oeo o v+uocmu v caepe+euo+ cxeamanv Apeonaeumoeoe
oe.a`, ncro, crp. 705-717./