CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM 2.1
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 15 N and Q = 25 N, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION (a) N N

(b)

We measure:

R = 37 N, = 76 R = 37 N 76 t

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PROBLEM 2.2
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 45 N and Q = 15 N, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION (a)

(b)

N We measure: R = 57 N, = 86 R = 57 N 86 t

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PROBLEM 2.3
Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION (a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R = 10.5 kN
= 22.5

R = 10.5 kN

22.5 t

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PROBLEM 2.4
A disabled automobile is pulled by means of ropes subjected to the two forces as shown. Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION (a) Parallelogram law: We measure: R = 5.4 kN = 12 R = 5.4 kN 12 t

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R = 5.4 kN = 12 R = 5.4 kN 12 t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 6

PROBLEM 2.5
The 200-N force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a and b-b. (a) Determine the angle using trigonometry knowing that the component along a-a is to be 150 N. (b) What is the corresponding value of the component along b-b ?

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a) sin sin 45 = 150 N 200 N sin = 0.53033
= 32.028 + + 45 = 180 = 103.0 t

(b) Using the Law of Sines Fbb 200 N = sin sin 45 Fbb = 276 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 7

PROBLEM 2.6
The 200-N force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a and b-b. (a) Determine the angle using trigonometry knowing that the component along b-b is to be 120 N. (b) What is the corresponding value of the component along a-a ?

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a) sin sin 45 = 120 N 200 N sin = 0.42426
= 25.104

or (b)
+ 45 + 25.104 = 180 = 109.896

= 25.1 t

Using the Law of Sines Faa 200 N = sin sin 45 Faa 200 N = sin109.896 sin 45 or Faa = 266 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 8

PROBLEM 2.7
Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 600 N, determine (a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION Using the triangle rule and the Law of Cosines, Have: = 180 45
= 135

Then: R2 = (900) + (600) 2 (900)(600) cos 135

2 2

or R = 1390.57 N

Using the Law of Sines, 600 1390.57 = sin sin135 or = 17.7642 and = 90 17.7642
= 72.236

(a) (b)

= 72.2 t

R = 1.391 kN t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 9

PROBLEM 2.8
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and knowing that the force in the left-hand rod is F1 = 30 N, determine (a) the required force F2 in the right-hand rod if the resultant R of the forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

By trigonometry: Law of Sines F2 R 30 = = sin sin38 sin

= 90 28 = 62, = 180 62 38 = 80

Then: F2 R 30 N = = sin62 sin38 sin80 or (a) F2 = 26.9 N t (b) R = 18.75 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 10

PROBLEM 2.9
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and knowing that the force in the right-hand rod is F2 = 20 N, determine (a) the required force F1 in the left-hand rod if the resultant R of the forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the Law of Sines F1 R 20 N = = sin sin38 sin

= 90 10 = 80, = 180 80 38 = 62

Then: F1 R 20 N = = sin80 sin38 sin62 or (a) F1 = 22.3 N t (b) R = 13.95 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 11

PROBLEM 2.10
An elastic exercise band is grasped and then is stretched as shown. Knowing that the tensions in portions BC and DE of the band are 80 N and 60 N, respectively, determine, using trigonometry, (a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces exerted on the hand at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the Law of Sines:

60 N 80 N = sin sin10 or = 7.4832

= 180 (10 + 7.4832)
= 162.517

Then: R 80 N = sin162.517 sin10 or R = 138.405 N (a) (b)

= 7.48 t

R = 138.4 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 12

PROBLEM 2.11
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that = 25, determine (a) the required magnitude of the force P if the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines Have:

= 180 (35 + 25)
= 120

Then:

P R 80 N = = sin35 sin120 sin25 or (a) P = 108.6 N t (b) R = 163.9 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 13

PROBLEM 2.12
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 70 N determine (a) the required angle if the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R. ,

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a) Have: 80 N 70 N = sin sin35 sin = 0.65552
= 40.959

or = 41.0 t (b)
= 180 (35 + 40.959)
= 104.041

Then:

R 70 N = sin104.041 sin35 or R = 118.4 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 14

PROBLEM 2.13
As shown in Fig. P2.11, two cables are attached to a sign at A to steady the sign as it is being lowered. Using trigonometry, determine (a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION We observe that force P is minimum when = 90. Then: N (a) And: (b) R = (80 N ) cos35 or R = 65.5 N t P = (80 N ) sin35 or P = 45.9 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 15

PROBLEM 2.14
As shown in Fig. P2.10, an elastic exercise band is grasped and then is stretched. Knowing that the tension in portion DE of the band is 70 N, determine, using trigonometry, (a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest force in portion BC of the band for which the resultant R of the two forces exerted on the hand at A is directed along a line joining points A and H, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION For TBC to be a minimum, R and TBC must be perpendicular. Thus And TBC = (70 N) sin 4
= 4.8829 N

R = (70 N) cos4
= 69.829 N

(a) (b)

TBC = 4.88 N

6.00 t

R = 69.8 N t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 16

PROBLEM 2.15
Solve Prob. 2.1 using trigonometry. Problem 2.1: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support. Knowing that P = 15 N and Q = 25 N, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines We have:
= 180 (15 + 30)
= 135

Then:

R2 = (15 N) + (25 N ) 2(15 N)( 25 N) cos135

2 2

= 1380.33 N2

or N and

R = 37.153 N

25 N 37.153 N = sin sin135

25 N sin = sin135 37.153 N = 0.47581

= 28.412

Then:

+ + 75 = 180 = 76.588

R = 37.2 N

76.6 t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 17