Cubing

Extrapolating on the principles used for squaring, to get the cube of a number (of two or more digits), simplify by splitting the number into two parts, a and b. Thus (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

The solution comprises four parts, neatly fitting the four boxes shown above. Just adjust for excess carry over. 1. 2. 3. 4. a3 a2 x b x 3 b2 x a x 3 b3

A simple example to illustrate this technique. 233 = 12167

The steps are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 33 = 27, put down the 7 in the rightmost box and carry over the 2 32 x 2 x 3 = 54, plus the 2 carried over is 56, put down the 6 and carry over the 5 22 x 3 x 3 = 36, plus the 5 carried over is 41, put down the 1 and carry over the 4 23 = 8, plus the 4 carried over, is 12 in the leftmost box

Another example. 1083 = 1259712

The steps are:

1. 83 = 512, put down the 2 in the rightmost box and carry over the 51 2. 82 x 10 x 3 = 1920, plus the 51 carried over is 1971, put down the 1 and carry over the 197 3. 102 x 8 x 3 = 2400, plus the 197 carried over is 2597, put down the 7 and carry over the 259 4. 103 = 1000, plus the 259 carried over, is 1259 in the leftmost box That's a million-dollar figure worked out manually!