61.

, 12 2012 .

1. ( ) a1 , a2 , . . .
an+1 = an +2 (n) n 1, (n)
n. ?
. ! . , an = x2
an+1 = y 2 , x, y N. x y
2 (n) = an+1 an = y 2 x2 (x + 2)2 x2 = 4x + 4.

(n) 2 n ( , n,

n, , - n), n > x = an ,
.. n > an , .

: 3 . (n) 2x + 2, 2 . (n) 2 n (1 .

), 1 . n > x = an 1 . n > an .
2. ( ) ,
, :
1. p n pn , pn+1 pn+2 .
2. .
. ( ) ,

.
, i- i = 0, 1, 2, . . .
2i 1 2i+1 2.
i , i
.
. ,
d, i
i- - d. , d ,
, .
.
A.
B, .
n = p1 1 p2 2 . . . pk k 1 +2 + +k A.
A , p
n pn , pn+1 pn+2 .
A , B
.

: 1 . ,
( ); - 3 .
( ), .
3. ( ) o e a, 0 1.
. ,

x4 + x3 + x2 + x + = 0
a. , ,
. ?
. a > 0 a = 1, a < 0, a 6= 1.
f (x) := a0 x4 + a1 x3 + a2 x2 + a3 x + a4 = 0.
1: a = 1. a2 . a1 a3 ,
a3 a1 , a0 a4 , a4
a0 . x 1/x / f (x) 1 ( ),
, f (x) = x4 + x3 x2 x + 1. ,
2f (x) 2(x4 + x3 x2 x + 1) = (x2 + x 1)2 + (x2 1)2 + x2 > 0.
2: a > 0. a1 ( a),
a3 , e , .
a0 a4 , o
( a; a > 1 0 < a < 1). f (x) > 0
x.
a2 ,
. , g(x) = a0 x2 +a1 x+a3 /x+a4 /x2 (x 6= 0) , lim g(x) = lim g(x) = +.
x

x0

, g a2 , f (x) > 0
x.
3: a < 0, a 6= 1. x 1/x ( ), ,
a2 , a3 a4 . a0
a4 , . a4
.
p1 (x) = a0 x3 + a1 x2 + a2 x + a4 /x,

p2 (x) = a0 x + a2 /x + a3 /x2 + a4 /x3

(x 6= 0).

a1 a2 ( a2 a3 ) ,
pi (1) < pi (2) (i = 1, 2).
lim pi (x) = lim pi (x) = +,

x+

lim pi (x) = lim pi (x) = ,

x0+

x0

, pi . a3 = p1 (x) a1 = p2 (x) ,
.. f (x) = 0 .
: 1 . a = 1, 2 . a a > 0, 4 . a < 0, a 6= 1.

61.
, 13 2012 .

4. ( ) n , A 0 1 n. , A
, (a1 a2 . . . an , b1 b2 . . . bn , c1 c2 . . . cn )
ai , bi , ci i = 1, 2, . . . , n .
. n. n = 2 A = {11, 10, 01}
. , k. n = k + 2
(a1 a2 . . . an , b1 b2 . . . bn , c1 c2 . . . cn ) .
(00a1 a2 . . . an , 00b1 b2 . . . bn , 00c1 c2 . . . cn ), (01a1 a2 . . . an , 10b1 b2 . . . bn , 11c1 c2 . . . cn )
(10a1 a2 . . . an , 11b1 b2 . . . bn , 01c1 c2 . . . cn ), (11a1 a2 . . . an , 01b1 b2 . . . bn , 10c1 c2 . . . cn )
. ,
k + 2.
: 1 . ; 6 .
.
5. ( ) Q(x) ,
P (x) = x2 Q(x) (0, ). , P (x) + P (y) + P (z) > 0
x + y + z > 0 xyz > 0.
. x, y, z > 0 , P (t) > P (0) = 0 t > 0.
, x, y < 0 z > 0. P (z) > P (x y)
, P (x + y) + P (x) + P (y) > 0 x, y > 0. Q(x) = ax2 + bx + c.
P (x) e (0, ), , a > 0 c 0 (!).
,
P (x + y) + P (x) + P (y) = 2a(x4 + y 4 x2 y 2 ) + 2c(x2 + y 2 ) + xy(4a(x + y)2 + 3b(x + y) + 2c)
x4 + y 4 x2 y 2 > 0, x2 + y 2 > 0 xy > 0, , 4a(x + y)2 +
3b(x + y) + 2c > 0 x, y > 0. , P (x) e ,

4a(x + y)3 + 3b(x + y)2 + 2c(x + y) = P (x + y) > 0.

: 1 . P (x + y) + P (x) + P (y) > 0, 1 .
a > 0 c 0, 2 . P (x + y) + P (x) + P (y) > 0
, 2 . 4a(x + y)2 + 3b(x + y) + 2c > 0 x, y > 0 1 . .
6. ( ) ABC
X, ABC k. AX, BX CX
k A1 , B1 C1 . A2 , B2 C2
A1 , B1 C1 BC, AC AB . ,
A2 B2 C2 , X.

. ( ) ,
H ABC
( , X k,
A2 , B2 C2 H). M
AB, G ABC (G CM ), C
C M XG
C2 C Y .
C2 C C1 C , XG : GY = CG : GC1 = 1 : 2,
.. Y X.
<) AHB = 180 <) ACB , A, C ,
B, H C2 ( k
M ). HC ,

C
b

C2

G
Y

b
b

M
b

C1

<) HBC =<) HBA+ <) ABC =<) HBA+ <) BAC = 90 .
<) HC2 Y = 90 , .. C2 HY . A2
B2 , .
. ( ) O k,
a OA , OB OC O
BC, CA AB ABC.
AOA , BOB COC S,
ABC OA OB OC
S. ,
CC1 HC2 .
M AB HC e
H M . HC A k BH HC B k AH ,
<) HC AC =<) HC BC = 90 , .. HC
C k
<) HC C1 C = 90 . HC C1
O CC1 .
, HC2
HC C1 M , .. OC
CC1 .

C
b

OB
b

C2
b

H
S
b

OA

O
b

b
b

M
b

OC
b
b

HC

C1

, HA2 , HB2 HC2

X S,
A2 , B2 , C2 H.
. ABC .
: 1 . , H ; 2 .
C ( HC ) , C H
( HC C); 4 . . (,
A, B, H C2 )