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Chapter 7
Information Systems Management In
Practice 6E
McNurlin & Sprague
PowerPoints prepared by Michael Matthew
Visiting Lecturer, GACC, Macquarie University – Sydney Australia
Chapter 7
• This chapter / lecture explores the management of data,
information, and knowledge
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Today’s Lecture
• Introduction
• Managing Data
– The Three-Level Database Model
– Four Data Models
– Getting Corporate Data into Shape
• Managing Information
– Four Types of Information
– Data Warehouses
– Document Management
– Content Management
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Introduction
• “Managing information resources” initially meant
managing data, first in files, then in corporate
databases which were:
– Well structured
– Carefully defined, and
– Controlled by IS department
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Data:
The Three-Level Database Model
See Figure 7-1
• Level 1 - The external, conceptual, or local level,
containing the various “user views” of the corporate
data that each application program uses
– Not concerned with how the data will be physically stored or
what data is used by other applications
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Data:
Four Data Models
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Data:
Four Data Models cont.
Relational model: where the data is stored in tables.
– Eight relational operations can be performed on this data
• Select, Project, Join, Product, Intersection, Difference, Union, Division
• Microsoft Access
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Data:
Four Data Models cont.
Object model: can be used to store any type of data, whether a:
– Traditional name or address,
– An entire spreadsheet,
– A video clip,
– A voice annotation,
– A photograph, or
– A segment of music
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Getting Corporate Data into Shape
• In the midst of this growing richness of data and
information, companies are still struggling to get their
internal alphanumeric data under control
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Getting Corporate Data into Shape:
The Problem: Inconsistent Data Definitions cont.
• Account Number
• AcctNum
• AcctNumb
• Acct#
• A/CNum
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Getting Corporate Data into Shape:
The Role of Data Administration cont.
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Getting Corporate Data into Shape:
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Information
• Once enterprises get their data into shape, that
data can more easily be turned into information
“Information is power.”
“We are in the Information Age.”
• These and similar statements would lead you to
believe that managing information is a key
corporate activity
– Technology = infrastructure;
– Asset = information that runs on that infrastructure
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Information
Data Warehouses cont.
Key Concepts:
• Metadata: The part of the warehouse that defines the data. Metadata
means “data about data.”
– Metadata explains the meaning of each data element, how each element
relates to each other, etc.
– It sets the standard – without it data from different legacy systems cannot
be reconciled, so the data will not be “clean”
• Quality data: Is the cleaning process to adhere to metadata standards
– The older the data the more suspect its quality
• Data marts: Is a subset of data pulled off the warehouse for a specific
group of users
– In the early 1990s, one huge warehouse was envisaged, but proved un-
practical due to long search times and large cost factors
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Information
Data Warehouses cont.
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Information
Document Management cont.
• It is hard to think of anything more pervasive and
fundamental to an organization than documents
– The impact of applying emerging technologies to document
management is potentially significant
– EDM contributes to business process redesign
• Numerous EDM applications generate value. The
‘Big 3’ are:
1. To improve the publishing process
2. To support organizational processes
3. To support communications among people and groups
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
HICSS PERSONAL PROCEEDINGS
Case Example – EDM: Improving the Publishing Process
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
TAPIOLA INSURANCE GROUP
Case Example – EDM: Supporting Communications
Among People and Groups
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
TAPIOLA INSURANCE GROUP
Case Example – EDM: Supporting Communications
Among People and Groups cont.
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
TAPIOLA INSURANCE GROUP
Case Example – EDM: Supporting Communications
Among People and Groups cont.
Centralized Solution
• Switched to plain paper printers from Rank
Xerox
• Products for electronic document processing
– document can included text, data, image &
graphics
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
TAPIOLA INSURANCE GROUP
Case Example – EDM: Supporting Communications
Among People and Groups cont.
Decentralized Expansion
• Document processing conversion – one part of the effort
to improve & humanize their customer correspondence
• Moved much of the printing of customer
correspondence to their 62 branch offices
• Mission accomplished:
– $$$
– Tapiola is seen by Finland citizens as a dynamic company - &
have the best reputation among young people of all insurance
groups
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Document Management:
Supporting Organizational Processes
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
Case Example: EDM: Supporting Organizational
Processes cont.
• The system has been successful – BUT – the team underestimated the
change management effort needed
– Including bringing many employees up to speed on using computers
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Managing Information
Content Management
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Content Management:
Managing Content Creation and Acquisition
• Content creation and acquisition need to
focus on creating content quality
– That’s why it might be wise to buy some content
from specialists – which is called syndicated
content – rather than create it in-house
• Today most Web sites need certain features to attract and keep
visitors. Two of the most important are:
1. Personalization = allowing visitors to customize how they view the
page
2. Localization = tailoring a site to a culture, market or locale
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
Case Example: Content Management
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.
Conclusion
• The job of managing information resources is
widening significantly
• Not only must IS departments get corporate
data in shape, but they also need to create and
build an infrastructure for managing the full
range of information types
• In some ways, the Internet helps because it
gives companies an easily accessible place to
store information
• On the other hand, the Internet has also
contributed mightily to the information glut we
all face
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©2006 Barbara C. McNurlin. Published by Pearson Education.