jr&JUv

(*sL;)

(uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;rS)

*sL;

jr&JUv

vjynhfvonf Munfhae&if;rSmyif w&dyf&dyf jrifhwufvm\/ v\

a&SUqDwGif yg;vsm;aom wdrfvdyfwef;wpfck wa&GUa&GU jzwfausmfvsuf&Sdonf/
jymarSmifaom aumif;uifjyifwGif Mu,fuav;rsm; [dkwpfpk onfwpfpk ay:vmNyD/
aumif;uifjyifudk tqHk;tp rjrif&yg/ rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;jcrf;\ a&SUydkif;
oHk;yHkwpfyHkudkom jrif&ygonf/ uRefawmhf txufu aumif;uifESifh uRefawmhf
aemufu aumif;uifudk uRefawmf rjrif&yg/ a'orSm vlawG\ tjrifqdkif&m
us,fjyefYrI
uGif;jyifudk
uefYowfxm;aom
t&mrsm;pGm
&Sdygonf.
yufvufukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;
ay:rSmaomfvnf;aumif;?
ckwif
odkYr[kwf
wef;vsm;xdkifcHkwpfck ay:rSmaomfvnf;aumif; yufvufvJavsmif;onfhtcg rdrd
rsufESmrl&m wnfhwnhf&Sd txuft&yf jrifuGif;onf aumif;uifjyif r[kwfbJ
rsufESmusuf tkwftrdk;wpfck jzpfaeonfhtcg wpfcgwpfcg awmfawmf
uoduatmuf jzpf&ygonf/
wu,fawmh ,ck uRefawmh tm&HkxJrSm &Sdaeonfhwdrf? Mu,fyGihf? vESifh
aumif;uif[laom t&mrsm;udk b,fwkef;urQ uRefawmf owdw& *&kxm;cJhrdonf
r[kwfyg/ uRefawmhftxufwGif aumif;uifBuD; &Sdaeonf[laom todyif
uRefawmhfrSm r&SdcJhyg/ NrdKUjy\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&; oHo&mrSm pdwfygvufyg
vSnfhywfaexdkif&if; uRefawmfESifh obm0w&m;onf a0;a0; vmcJhonf/
'gudkvnf; uRefawmf pdwftaESmifht,Suf rjzpfcJh/ Mu,fawG? vawGudk
rjrif&vdkYvnf; rwrf;wwwfcJh/ uRefawmfhtvkyfuvnf; vawG? Mu,fawG?
wdrfawGESifh
awmfawmfa0;ygonf/
bPfvpfrpfwuf
XmecGJwpfckrS
0efxrf;wpfa,mufonf aiGpkpmtkyfrsm;? pm&if;tif;rsm;? aiGpuLrsm;ESifh
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (1)

*sL;

jr&JUv

vlrsufESmrsm;? vufrsm;udkom wpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY awGUjrif&if;ESD; aecJh&onf jzpf&m

pdwful;oufouf t&mrsm;[k xif&avmufatmif rdrdESifh a0;vHaom
xdkobm0w&m;udk vspfvsL&IcJhonfrSm rxl;qef;yg/ xl;qef;onfrSm ,cktcg
xdkt&mrsm;udk owdw& &SmazGapmihfMunhf wwfvmjcif;yif jzpfonf/
vjynfhvwpfck rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;rS pwif xGufay:vmcsdefrSp cyfjrifhjrifh
aumif;uifodkY ae&m,lcsdeftxd uRefawmf apmihfMunfhai;armaecJhonfudk
uRefawmfh&Hk;rS vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;? uRefawmhf tcef;eD;csif;rsm;? uRefawmfh
oli,fcsif;rsm; olwdkY odoGm;vQif awmfawmftHMoMuygvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmf
&l;oGyfoGm;NyD[k rxif&ufolrsm;onf uRefawmf cyfaMumifaMumif jzpfoGm;NyD[k
xifMuygvdrfhrnf/
cifAsm;wdkY uRefawmfESifh aygif;oif;qufqH&mwGif pdwfoefYapvdkaom
apwemjzifh uRefawmf udpudk ajymjyvdkygonf/ odkYaomf udprSm uRefawmf
udk,fwdkifyif r&Sif;vif;aom jyemjzpf cifAsm;wdkYudk uRefawmf ,cktcsdefrSm
r&Sif;jyEdkifao;yg/ vonf vlom;rsm;udk qGJaqmifEdkifygovm;/ qGJaqmifEkdifonf
qdkvQif rnfonfh*kPfowdrsm;jzifh qGJaqmifEdkifygoenf;/ rnfonfh twdkif;twm
txd qGJaqmifavh &Sdygoenf;/
ajym&vQifawmh vonf uRefawmfhtwGuf tvGefcufcJaom ykpmwpfyk'f
jzpf\/ xdkykpmudk uRefawmfhtm; ar;cJholrSm uRefawmhfZeD; jzpfygonf/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (2)

*sL;

jr&JUv

uRefawmfhZeD;onf t&m&mwGif acwfaemufjyefqGJonfh tjrif&Sdol jzpf\/

olrudk oufoufnSmnSm ajym&vQif *E0if tjrif&Sdol[k ac:Edkifrnf xifygonf.
b,favmufrsm; *E0ifqefvdkufovJqdkvQif emrnfudku cifjrjr ... wJh/ olYudk
uRefawmfu jr [k ac:&ygonf/
uRefawmfwdkY ZeD;armifESHonf wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf tvGef
cspfjrwfEdk;Muygonf/ jronf awmNrdKUuav;wpfckwGif arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;cJh\/
uRefawmfESifh vufxyfNyD;aomtcg uRefawmf aexdkif&m NrdKUawmfBuD;odkY
vdkufygvmcJhonf/ NrdKUawmfBuD;okdY a&mufcgp umvrsm; jronf b0udk
auseyfaysmf&TifcJhonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ thHrcef; vSy xl;qef;aom
taqmufttHkrsm;? rdk;odkY xdvkrwwf jrifhrm;onfh wdkufBuD;rsm;? ESpfxyf
armfawmfum;vrf;rsm;? ,mOfoGm;vm&ef aqmufxm;onfh wHwm;BuD;rsm;?
jrpul;acsmif;ul;
wHwm;BuD;rsm;?
cHhnm;vSyonfh
&kyf&Sif&HkBuD;rsm;?
tm;upm;uGif;ESifh blwm&HkBuD;rsm;udk jronf wthHwMo ai;armcJhzl;\/ ta0;ajy;
um;*dwfpcef;odkY a&mufpOf av,mOfuGif;qDrS toHus,favmifpGm jrnf[def;NyD;
aumif;uifodkY wufvmonfh *sufav,mOfBuD;rsm;udk txdwfwvefY? xdkYaemuf
oabmuspGm armhMunhfNyHK;&,fcJhzl;onf/ avat;puf wyfxm;infh qvGef;um;udk
oabmuspGm auseyfcJhzl;onf/ BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom ukefwdkufBuD;rsm;wGif
vdkcsiforQ ypnf;wdkYudk trsKd;trnf pHkvifpGm awGUjrif0,f,l&ojzifh
uav;wpfa,muf vdkyif oabmuscJhzl;onf/ rSefeH&Hrsm;? rSefwHcg;rsm;jzifh
avat;puf wyfxm;onfh uRefawmh &Hk;cef;udk wpf&uf vdkufvmpOfu
auseyfESpfouf oGm;cJhzl;onf/
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (3)

*sL;

jr&JUv

xdkYaMumifhvnf;
jronf
NrdKUawmfBuD;rSm
uRefawmfhZeD;tjzpf
vl&m0if&jcif;tay:
aysmf&TifESpfodrfhEdkifvdrfhrnf[k
uRefawmf
xifcJh\/
&dk;om;ajzmifhrSefaom ZeD;wpfa,mufudk &&Sdxm;&jcif; tay: uRefawmfuvnf;
*kPf,lauseyfvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf xifcJh\/ odkYaomf uRefawmfh txifrsm;
rSm;,Gif;cJhonf/ tJ'gudkvnf; uRefawmf csufcsif;rodcJh/ wjznf;jznf;csif; umv
MumjrifhvmrS tenf;tyg; uRefawmf &dyfrdcJh&jcif; jzpfygonf/
jr tay: uRefawmf pdwfysuf&jcif;rSm jronf wdkufcef;usOf;usOf;rSm
aexdkif&onfh b0ESifh b,fvdkrQ aeom;usrvmjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ {nfhcef;?
tdyfcef;? xrif;pm;cef;? rD;zdkcef; [l uRefawmfu wwfEdkiforQ tcef;zGJUay;cJh
aomfvnf; jr\ pdwfu usOf;usyfaeonf/ t0wfvSef;p&m ae&mawG trsm;BuD;
&Sdygvsuf xrif;pm;cef;ESifh rD;zdkcef;rSm BudK;wef;wef; t0wfvSef;csif vSef;onf/
tdyfcef;xJrSm rD;ylwdkufvQif &EdkifygvsufESifh usOf;usyfonf[k qdkum {nfhcef;
qufwDcHkrsm;udk ab;odkYa&TU Murf;jyifrSm rD;yl wdkufcsifwdkufonf/ uRefawmfESifh
twl {nfhonfygvmvnf; jronf olr\ tvkyfudk ae&ma&TU&ef pdwful;wwfol
r[kwfacs/ uRefawmf {nfhcef;axmifhrSm ajrtdk;jzifh pdkufysKd;xm;aom *rkef;yifBuD;udk
jru &,farmaewwfao;onf/
]] 'g ... opfyifwJhvm;uG,f/ 'gBuD;ujzifh tpfudkY {nfhcef;rSm &Iyfae&HkyJ }}
uRefawmfu rsufpdyom' jzpfonf[k xifaomt&mrsm;udk jr rESpfouf/
]] jr ... 'Dpifu tJvdk ypnf;awG yG&Iyfaeatmif wifzdkY r[kwfbl;uG }}

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (4)

*sL;

jr&JUv

Budrfppfppfjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom eH&Haxmifhuyf oHk;qif;pifuav;ay:rSm

jronf vufvSrf;rDorQ ypnf;rsm;udk pkjyHKwifxm;wwf\/ rsufrSeftdwfvdk?
vufonf;nSyfvdk t&m0wKrsKd;? vufywfem&Dvdk? aq;ykvif;vdk? pdyfykwD;vdk?
pwufyfvmvdk t&m0wKrsKd;awGudk pifay:rSm jrifraumif; &Iraumif;
wifxm;wwf\/
]] pif qdkwm ypnf;wifzdkY r[kwfbl;vm; tpfudk&JU? 'gjzifh tpfudkYpifu
bmwifzdkY xm;wmwHk; }}
yef;pdkuftdk;av; wpfckwpfav odkYr[kwf yef;yk&kyf wpfckwpfav
wifEdkif&ef xm;aom pifjzpfonf[k ajymvQif jru rsufarSmifMuKwfavonf/
uRefawmfhpum;udk vufrcHEdkifovdk trlt&myif jzpfonf/
]] jr ... tJ'gawG &Sif;vdkufprf;yguGm ... aemufudkvJ tJ'Dvdk rwifygeJY }}
odkYaomf
oHk;av;ywf
a&mufaejyefawmhonf/

Mumaomtcg

pifay:rSm

ypnf;rsKd;pHk

qHyiftkyfxlNyD; &Snfvsm;aom jr twGuf uRefawmfhwdkufcef;\ a&csKd;cef;

usOf;usOf;uav;rSm acgif;avQmf&jcif;onf qif;&J'kuyif jzpfonf/ xdk'kuonf
jr\ 'kur[kwf? uRefawmf\ 'kujzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;Murf;jyifa&xGufaygufrSm
wyfxm;aom oHqefcguav;wGif trIdufprsm;? qHyifrQifrsm &IyfaxG;
ydwfqdkYaeonfh tcg a&onf a<ujym;Murf;jyifay:rSm ajcrsufpd vQHaeawmhonf/
]] jr ... vmOD; }}
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (5)

*sL;

jr&JUv

oHqefcgrSm uyfNidaeaom t&mrsm;tm;jy &Sif;vif;oefYpifcdkif;aomtcg

jronf tenf;i,f wGefYqkwfpGm emcH\/ wpfcgwpfcg oHqefcgrS ausmfNyD;
bmypnf;awG b,fvdk 0ifa&mufoGm;onf rod&bJ a&xGufayguf vHk;0 ydwfqdkY
aewwfao;\/ uRefawmf BudK;pm;jyifqif r&aomtcg a&ydkufjyifonfh
tvkyform; ac:,l&onf/ xdkudptwGuf jronfom w&m;cHjzpfonf[k
uRefawmfu tjypfwifvdk[efudk jru &dyfrd\/
]] uRefrwdkYqDrSmawmh a&csKd;&if a&u ausmufjym;ay:uae vQHusNyD;
ajrBuD;ay:u ajrmif;twdkif; opfyifawGqD oGm;wmyJ/ a&csKd;vdkYvnf;
aumif;rSaumif;? t0wfavQmfvdkYvnf; aumif;rSaumif;? t0wfvSef;vdkYvnf;
aumif;rSaumif;/ ckvdk usOf;usOf;usyfusyfeJY uRefr tvkyfrvkyfwwfbl;av/
'gavmufuav; jzpfwmyJ tpfudk uHaumif;w,frSwfyg }}
rsufapmif;xdk;vsuf &,farmawmh uRefawmfh a'goawG ajyavsmuscJh&wm
ygyJ/
]] rif;wdkY awmeJYawmh vmrEIdif;eJYaygh jr&m ... }}
tpm;taomuf csufjyKwfjyifqif&mwGif jronf uRefawmfhtwGuf
enf;enf;rQ &ifckefauseyfzG,f raumif;onfh tdrfaxmif&SifrwpfOD; jzpfonf/
y&uf&SmuGyfum aygif;tdk;0,fay;xm;ygvsuf bJaygif; raygif;wwf? [if;udk
El;tdaeatmif csufay;aomfvnf; teHYt&omudk uRefawmf rESpfoufEdkif/ jru
[if;wdkif;rSm eEGif;rIefYawG 0gxdefxnfhwwf\/ ,kwfpGtqHk; tpdrf;aMumf
aMumf&mwGifyif eeGif;rIefYawG 0gxdefaewwf\/ w&kwf[if;? jrefrm[if;ESifh
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (6)

*sL;

jr&JUv

EdkifiHjcm;[if;txd (csufjyKwfenf;rsKd;pHk) pmtkyfrsm;udk zwfapcJhaomfvnf;

uRefawmfgZeD;onf wpfckrS jzpfajrmufatmif taumiftxnf razmfEdkif/
0g;rsKdrusaom [if;wcsKdUudk ESpfouf[efaqmifwwfonf txdvnf; uRefawmfu
oabmxm; rBuD;Edkif/ xdktcg jrESifh uRefawmfonf tao;tzJG udpuav;rsm;rS
tp oabmxm; uGJvJG&ef jzpfvmcJhonf/
]] jr ... udk,f cPcP oif&wmvnf; armaeNyD/ abmif;bDudk ab;wdkuf
rD;yl rwdkuf&bl;/ a[m'Dvdk a&SUaemufwdkuf&w,f/ z,fz,f rif; rvkyfwwf&if
z,f ... }}
]]uRefrrS rwdkufzl;wm? tpfudkeJY&rS abmif;bDudk vufeJYudkifMunhfzl;wmyJ}}
uRefawmf wpfcgwpfcg jrudk awmfawmf pdwfysuf&\/
]] b,foluawmh arG;uwnf;u wufvmrSmvJ jr&,f? rif;rSwfxm;zdkY
ajymwmyg/ wpfcgr&&if aemufwpfcgaygh ... pdwf0ifpm;&if wwfoGm;wmcsnf;yJ/
rif; pdwfr0ifpm;vdkY rif; rwwfwmawGyJ }}
uRefawmfu tjypfwifvQifvnf; jru xHkayay tjyHK;jzifh NidrfaejrJ jzpf\/
jr pdwfuoduatmuf jzpfoGm;rSm r[kwfygbl; ... uRefawmf xifcJhonf/ odkYaomf
jronf vQKdU0Sufwwfol jzpfavovm; uRefawmf rodEdkifay/
jru uRefawmfhtay: wpfpHkwpfck nnf;nLvmorQonf uRefawmfESifh
rywfoufap&bJ tjcm;udprsm;tay: pGyfpGJnnf;nLrIrsm;om jzpf\/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (7)

*sL;

jr&JUv

]] tpfudkwdkY &efukefu aps;onfawGu odyftav;cdk;wmyJaemf/

rdkuf&dkif;vdkufwmvJ ajymraeeJYawmh/ vludk t-t rSwfaeovm; rodbl; }}
wpfcgwpf&H jr aps;oGm;vQif aps;onfESifh &efjzpfvmwwfao;onf/
]] a[m'Davmufavmuf qefaum0dkif;uav;xJrSm rjzpfpavmuf
ukefypnf; uav;udk &if;NyD; wpfaeYwpfaeY wpf&mhig;q,f? ESpf&m jrwfatmif
a&mif;aeMurSawmh b,faumif;EdkifyghrwHk; tpfudk&JU ... / tm;vHk; olcdk;awG
jzpfukefa&maygh/ wef&mwefaMu; ay;0,fae&wJh aps;0,fawGudk apmfum;aewmyJ }}
jronf tom;ig;udk vufjzifh qMunhfjcif;? rsufpdjzifh jrif&jcif;wdkYjzifhyif
tav;csdefudk rSef;qwwfol jzpfonf/ orm"dcsdefcGifodkY rMumcP oGm;a&muf
csdefwG,folrSm jr wpfa,mufom &Sdrnfxif\/
]]'DuvlawGu rodMuvdkYrsm;vm;[if tpfudk}} [k jru pdwf&IyfpGmar;zl;\/
]] b,f rod &SdyghrvJ jr&m? odrSmaygh/ 'gayr,fh tm;vHk;[m
udk,fhtvkyfudpawG rNyD;rSm pdk;&drfae&wJh vlawG/ cyfoGufoGufvm?
cyfoGufoGufjyef/ 'gawGudk tcsdefukefrcHEdkifvkdYyJ jzpfrSmaygh }}
uRefawmf rodEdkifaom udptwGuf uRefawmf rodaom tdrf&Sifrrsm;\
pdwf"mwfudk udk,fcsif;pmNyD; cefYrSef;ay;rdawmh jru rsufarSmifMuKwf acgif;,rf;
aecJhygonf/
]] tpfudkwdkY &efukefu avuvJ rvwfqwfbl;aemf/ uRefrwdkY NrdKUrSmqdk
avu odyfvwfqwfwmyJ? v,fuGif;awGqDu jzwfvmwJhav? opfyifawGqDu
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (8)

*sL;

jr&JUv

jzwfvmwJhav? awmifukef;awGqDu jzwfvmwJhav? jrpfjyifqDu jzwfvmwJh av?

at;pdrfhaewm tpfudk&JU/ tckjzifh uRefr touf&I&wm raumif;bl;/ aq;vdyfawG
uvnf; aomufvdkufMuwm wpfNrdKUvHk; tqdyfawG jyefYaeNyD xifw,f }}
uRefawmf aomufvufp pD;u&ufudk rsufapmif;xdk; ajymwwfao;\/
]] udk,f aq;vdyfaomufwm jr rBudKufbl;vm; }}
orD;&nf;pm;b0wkef;u &ifckefrIrsKd;jzifh uRefawmfu paemuf &,farm
vdkonfhtcg jr u rsufESmxm; wnfwnfjzifh acgif;,rf;cJhonf/
]] tpfudkYudk OD;wnfajymaewm r[kwfygbl;/ vltm;vHk; udk,fhudk,fudk
zsufqD;aeMuwmudk rjrifcsifvGef;vdkYyg }}
jronf NrdKUawmfBuD;ESifh ywfouforQ raumif;onfh taMumif;t&mrsm;
ajymvdkonfhtcgwdkif; NrdKUawmfBuD;udk uRefawmf ydkifqdkifouJhodkY pGyfpGJwwfonf/
tpfudkwdkY NrdKUBuD; ... wJh/
]] tpfudkwdkYNrdKUrSm aumif;uifrSm Mu,fawG enf;enf;av;&,faemf/
uRefrwdkY qDrSmawmh aumif;uifrSm Mu,fawG tjynfhyJ tpfudk&JU ... }}
]] t&l;r ... }}
aumif;uifonf urmBuD;wGif onfwpfckom &Sdonf r[kwfvm;/
uRefawmfwdkYNrdKUu aumif;uifESifh jrwdkY NrdKUu aumif;uif wpfckwnf;yJ
r[kwfvm;/
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (9)

*sL;

jr&JUv

odkYaomf jr ajymwm rSefygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY NrdKUawmfBuD;wGif vlOD;a&

xlxyfrI? opfyifenf;yg;rI? puf&HktnpftaMu; taiGUrsm;? armfawmfum;
tdyfaZmaiGUrsm;? aq;vdyftaiGUrsm;? anSmfaiGUrsm; rsm;jym;rI? "gwfaiGUrsm; rsm;jym;rI
ponfh tcsufrsm;aMumifh aumif;uifwGif rIdif;rsm;jzifh jynhfusyfaeEdkifonf/
aumif;uifu wdrfrsm;\ atmufydkif;wGif "mwfaiGUrIdif;rsm;jzifh ydwfqdkYaeEdkifonf/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkYonf tmumowGif wnf&Sdaeaom Mu,frsm;udk twdkif;tq
r&Sd xdk;azmufjrifEdkifpGrf;rnf r[kwfay/
]] tpfudkwdkY NrdKUrSm vlawGu jyHK;wJhtcg rsufvHk;u rjyHK;bl;aemf/
yg;pyfuyJ jyHK;Muw,f }}
&Sm&SmazGazG jru ajymawmh uRefawmf &,farmypfvdkuf&onf/
uRefawmfonf b0rSm ta&;xm;qHk;u pm&if;rsm;? *Pef;rsm;? aiGpuLrsm;om
jzpf\/ vlawG\ tjyHK;udk cGJjcm;pdppf&efvnf; uRefawmfhrSm tcsdefr&ay/
uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk;onf t&m&mudk tcsdefvk NyD;pD;atmif aqmif&Guf
vkyfudkifaeMu&olrsm; jzpfonf/
uRefawmfhZeD;uawmh uRefawmf &Hk;oGm;aepOf wpfcsdefvHk; wdkufcef;rSm tul
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufESifh ysif;&dNiD;aiGUpGm usef&pfaecJhonfqdkawmh olrrSm
awG;p&m
udprsm;
rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf/
uRefawmf
xdkufoifhoavmuf
oabmaygufxm;cJhygonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfod&oavmufawmh uRefawmfESifh
orD;&nf;pm;ouf oHk;ESpf? tdrfaxmifouf oHk;ESpf? pkpkaygif; ajcmufESpfumv
MumjrifhcJhonfhwdkifatmif uRefawmfhZeD; jronf pdwful;,OfwwfcJhol r[kwfyg/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (10)

*sL;

jr&JUv

wpfcgwkef;u naecsrf;tcsdef uRefawmf &Hk;rS tjyef uRefawmfwdkYtcef;

0&efwmodkY armhMunhfvdkufaomtcg jrudk 0&efwmrSm &yfvsuf&Sdonfudk
jrif&onf/ t&m&mudk &dk;pif;pGm awG;wwfol jr\ udk,fpm; jr\ tawG;udk
uRefawmf em;vnf vdkufonfrSm jronf ysif;&dNiD;aiGUpGmyif cifyGef;onfudk
arQmfaejcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf ... [l\/ odkYaomf uRefawmfhtxif rSm;cJhygonf/
]] jr ... bmvkyfaewmvJ? udk,f aemufusvdkYvm;? 15rdepfavmufyJ
aemufuswmyg jr&JU }}
]] r[kwfygbl; tpfudk&JU ... uRefr a[m[dku wdrfawGudk Munhfaewmyg }}
jr\ rodem;rvnfpGm &dk;t rIudk uRefawmf &,farmrdao;\/ vnfywf
yg;eyfaom rdef;rqdkvQif cifyGef;onf\ pdwfcHpm;rI El;nhHESpfodrfhatmif
a&vdkufig;vdkuf avQmcsum vdrfnmay;rd ayvdrfhrnf/ jr uawmh
ajzmifhrSefonf[kyJ csD;usL;&rSmvm; rod/ em;rvnf&efaum[k tjypfqdk&rvm;
uRefawmf rawG;wwfyg/ uRefawmfh ZeD;onf wdrfawGukd cspf&avmufatmif
pdwful;,Ofwwfol r[kwfaMumif; uRefawmfodae ydkyif em;rvnfEkdifatmif
jzpf&ygonf/ axGaxGxl;xl;vnf; qufvuf rar;jref;rdyg/
wavmqDuawmh uRefawmfhZeD;onf olr a&mufcJhaom odkYr[kwf
aexkdifcJhzl;aom awmNrdKUuav;rsm;taMumif; pdwfvdkvuf& ajymjyaecJh\/
jr ajymjyonfh NrdKUuav;onf vlOD;a& av;ig;axmifom&Sdaom
NrdKUao;ao;uav; jzpfonf/ ywf0ef;usifwGif v,fuGif;rsm;? ,mcif;rsm; &Sdonf/
vltrsm;onf pyg;pdkufjcif;? qefBudwfjcif;? 0gpdkufjcif;? ajymif;? yJ? ESrf;wdkY
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (11)

*sL;

jr&JUv

pdkufysKd;jcif;jzifh toufarG;Muonf/ a[mif;EGrf;aom ysOfaxmiftdrfBuD;rsm;onf

a&eHacs;00 pkwfxm;ojzifh rnf;euf awmufypGm cdkifcHhae\/ wdkufqdkvQifvnf;
xkxnfxlxJaom tkwfeDwdkufta[mif;rsm; jzpf\/ aps;onf eHeufcif;rSmom
pnfum;NyD; aeYv,f? naewdkYwGif aps;a&mif;ola&m? 0,fola&m r&Sdoavmufyif
jzpfonf/
]] tJ'DrSm aps;onfawGu tav;rcdk;bl; tpfudk&JU/ tm;vHk;u uRefrwdkYudk
odaeMuw,f/
tm;vHk;u
olYxufig
tav;rSefrSefeJY
ydkydkomom
csdefay;wwfMuw,f/ olwdkY tjyHK;awGu ESpfaygif;q,fESpf q,fhig;ESpf
&if;ESD;vmwJh tjyeftvSef rdwfaqGawG&JU tjyKH;ppfppfawGav }}
NrdKUao;ao;av;wGif vlwdkif;onf jrudk odNyD; jruvnf; vlwdkif;udk
odayvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmf NrdKUawmfBuD;rSm aexdkif&jcif; taMumif;&if;rsm;pGmxJwGif
0ifaiGaumif;jcif;? b0&yfwnfrI wdk;wuf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;jym;cif;? vlrIa&;
tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;jcif;wdkYESifhtwl rdrdtm; vlawGu rodjcif;? rdrduvnf;
vlawGudk rodjcif;qdkonfh taMumif;&if; wpfckvnf; yg0if\/ rdrdudk
rodaomvlrsm;? rdrdu rodaomvlrsm;Mum;wGif uRefawmfonf b0udk vHkjcHKpGm?
vQdKU0SufpGm? xdkYjyif iJhuGufp&mr&SdpGm ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef; aeEdkifcJhonf[k
uRefawmf auseyfcJh\/ jrESifh uRefawmfonf ESpfoufrI awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif
qefUusifbuf jzpfaecJhonf/
]]aemufjyD; jrwdkY jrdKUrSm axmifr&Sdbl; tpfudk/ &Jpcef;awmh&Sdw,f/
tcsKyfcef;ao;ao;uav; &Sdw,f}}

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (12)

*sL;

jr&JUv

uRefawmf&,frdonf/
]]tJh'g olcdk;"g;jy r&Sdbl;vdkU <um;csifwmvm; jr&JU/ jrwdkYNrdKUrSm r&Sdayr,fh
jrwdkUqDu vlqdk;vlaumufawGudk wjcm;NrdKUrSm&SdwJh axmifudk ydkUay;aewmudk;}}
]]r[kwfbl; tJ'Dvdkqdkcsifwmr[kwfygbl;/
ta&;rMuD;bl;/ tJh'gudk ajymrvkdU}}

jrwdkY

NrdKUrSm

axmif[m

vlOD;a& av;ig;axmif&Sdonfh NrdKUrSm axmif[m ta&;MuD;aevQifawmh

xdkjrdKUonf tar&duef&kyf&Sifum; awGxJuvdk 'kp&dkufNrdKUuav;omjzpfawmhrSmaygh/
odkUaomf uRefawmfbmrS rajymyg/ jr bmajymcsifovJ qdkwmudk uRefawmfodzdkU
rBudK;pm;cJhrdyg/
]]uRefrwdkYNrdKUrSm a&pufuae a&a0wmr[kwfbl; tpfudk? ajrMuD;xJuae
wdkufdkufwl;,l&wm? a&wGif;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/}}
]]tJ'Dawmh ... }}
]]tJ'Dawmh a&[m oefUpifaewmaygh/ bmoHacs;teHUrS r&Sdbl;av?
MunfaewmyJ/ aemufNyD; vQyfppfrD;rvmvdkU armfwm rvnfEdkifwmrsdK;?
a&rwifEdkifwmrsdK;vJ r&Sdbl;aygh}}
]]a&udk wGif;xJuae bmeJUcyf,lvJ/ wGif;u b,favmufeufovJ}}
uRefawmf jrudk p aemufcsifpdwfjzifh cyfwnfwnf ar;cJh\/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (13)

*sL;

jr&JUv

]]ukef;tedrhftjrifhudk vdkufvdkUaygh tpfukd&JU/ wpfcsdKUwGif;awG tawmif 20

avmufeufw,f/ wpfcsdKUae&m awGrSm av;ig;ajcmufawmifeJU a&xGufw,fav/
a&udkiif,lawmh a&yHk;rSm MudK;wyfjyD; iif,l&wmaygh/ wpfcsdKUwGif;awGrSm
ab;wdkifwpfwdkifpdkuf? txufrSm wef;ypfjyD; pufoD;csdwf xm;vdkU&wJh
ae&mav;awG &Sdw,f/ udk,fhpufoD;eJUudk,f a&yHk;BudK;avQmcsjyD; iifvdkU&w,f/
wpfcsdKUwGif;awGu pufoD;wkdifrygbl;/ 'Dawmh 'Dtwkdif;yJ vufeJU iHkUqGJiif
,l&wmyJ}}
]]'Dawmh jrwkdUvufawG emrSmaygh/ b,favmufyifyef;vdkufwJh b0vJaemf}}
uRefawmfu oem;*&kPm ouf[efjzifh rodom;qdk;0g;pGm rSwfcsufcsawmh
jru NyHK;ae\/
]] tdk... tJh'g aysmfp&maumif;ygw,f tpfudk&JU/ wu,f vufemrcHEdkifbl;/
aiGaMu;vnf; awmfawmfoihfoifh &Sdw,fqdk&if udk,fhtdrfrSm armfwmeJUpkyf,lwJh
t0DpdwGif;awG wl;Edkifom;yJ}}
jrwdkY NrdKUwGif opfyifMuD;rsm;onf BuD;rm;vS\/ vlwpfa,mufvufjzifh
zuf rEdkifatmif tqrwef BuD;rm;aom yifpnfrsm;&SdMuonf/ opf&dyf 0g;&dyfjzifh
NrdKUonf Nidrf;csrf;at;jrvS\/ wpfzufrSm awmifwef;? wpfzufrSm jrpf? &moDOwk
onf ESpfoufpzG,f&Sdonf/
]]uRefrwdkYNrdKUrSm aqmif;Owk[m aqmif;OwkeJYwlatmif at;w,f tpfudk/
aEGOwkrSmawmh opf&GufawG wu,f a<uMuw,f/ awmifav wu,fvmw,f/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (14)

*sL;

jr&JUv

av[m ajcmufaoGUNyD;
at;pdrfhaewmudk;}}

vwfqwfaewm?

opfyif&dyfaMumifhom

odyfrylbJ

&moDoHk;rsdK;wGif xif&Sm;uGJjym;pGm awGUjrif&aom oufqdkif&m Icif;rsm;udk

uRefawmhf ZeD;u rSef;q jrifa,mifaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh ajymjycJhygonf/
]]jr .. 'DrSmae&wm raysmfbl;vm;}}
uRefawmf jrtm; pl;pdkufpGmMunhf&if; ar;rdawmh jru uRefawmhfudk
NyHK;&,fum acgif;,rf;jycJh\/
]]tdk.. tJvdk t"dyg,feJU ajymwm r[kwfygbl; tpfudk&JU}}
,ckrS uRefawmfowdxm;rdonf/ jronf ae&mrSmae&wm aysmfygonf
[kawmh rajzcJhyg/ uRefawmf jrudk pdwfESifhrawGUonfhtcg qlylBudrf;armif;rdonfh
tjzpfrsm;udk ,cktcg jyefvnf pOf;pm; yHkaz:Munhfrdawmh jr\ rsuf&nfrsm;wGif
emMunf;rIrsm; ryg0ifygbl;[k pdwfoufom&m &rdonf/
uRefawmfESifh jr uawmufuq pum;rsm;NyD;vQif uRefawmfuom jAKef;ceJ
tavQmhay;NyD; xxGufoGm;&onfcsnf; yifjzpfygonf.. [k udk,fhudk,fudk vHkNcHKpGm
qifjcifay;rd\/ nOfheufrS tdrfodkU jyef0ifavh&SdNyD; tdrfokdUa&mufonfhtcgwdkif;
uRefawmhfa'goawGu ajyNyD;NyD/ jrudk yHkrSeftwkdif; El;nHhom,mpGm pum;ajymzdkY
tqifoihf pdwfxm;rsdK;jzifh uRefawmf tdrfjyefvmavh&Sdygonf/ onfhtwGuf
uRefawmfonf udk,fhudk,fudk oabmxm; BuD;jrifhaom a,mufsm;tjzpf
auseyf*kPf,l avhvnf; &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf ,cktcsdefusrS uRefawmf rSef;qyHkaz:
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (15)

*sL;

jr&JUv

awG;rdjyefonfrSm uRefawmfESifh pum;rsm; &efjzpfNyD;aemuf uRefawmf tdrfxJrS

xGufcGmoGm;aom tcsdefwkdif; jronf olr\ a'gorsm;? emMunf;rIrsm;?
0rf;enf;rIrsm;udk b,fvdk ajzazsmuf vrf;vTJ,lvJ/ a,mufsm;ESihf rsufESmcsif;qdkif
&efawGU ajz&Sif;csifao;aom olr&ifxJrS pum;rsm;udk b,frSmoGefcs ukefqHk;apcJh
ovJ/ 'gawGudk uRefawmfrodyg/ uRefawmfodonfrSm uRefawmf a'goajyNyD;
tdrfjyefa&mufvmcsdefwGif jronf 0&efwmrSm xGuf rwfwwf&yfNyD;
aumif;uifodkU armhMunhfaewwf\/ aumif;uifrSm wdrfvdyfawG &Sdcsif&Sdrnf/
odkUr[kwf vjcrf;auG;uav; &Sdcsif&Sdrnf odkUr[kwf vjynhf0ef;&Sdcsif&Sdrnf/
odkUr[kwf Mu,ftenf;tyg; &Sdcsif&Sdrnf/
]]jr}} [k uRefawmf pwifEIwfqufonfhtcg jronf bmrQ emusifrIr&Sd
yuwd &Sif;vif;aom rsufESmay;jzifh ]]tpfukd}} [k nifompGm xl;wwfonf/
uRefawmfu vufESpfzufudk urf;vsuf NyHK;jyvdkufonfhtcg jronf uRefawmfwdkU
ESpfOD;tMum; bmrQ twm;tqD; r&SdcJhzl;av[efjzifh uRefawmhf&ifcGifxJodkU
tvdkufoihf 0ifa&mufvmwwf avonf/
tdrfrS qif;qif;csif; avSum; tcsdK;tauGUrsm;rSm awGU&m eH&Hudk
vufoD;jzifhxdk;vsuf a'goudk vrf;aMumif;vTJypfcJhaom uRefawmhftjzpfudk jrrod/
xdkUtwlyif uRefawmfr&Sdonfh tcsdefumvtwGif; jr\ a'gowdkUudk b,ft&mjzifh
vrf;aMumif; vTJypfcJh&ovJ[k jrudk uRefawmf rar;rd/ rar;cJhrdyg/ yxrydkif;
umvrsm;qDuawmh rdef;r wpfa,muf\ a'goudk vrf;aMumif;vTJay;p&m ypnf;
ud&d,mtpHktvif rD;zdkacsmifxJrSm &Sdonf[k pdwfcsxm;cJh\/ jronf MuufOrsm;udk
aygufcGJypfEdkifonf/ zefcGufrsm;? a<uyef;uefrsm;udk aygufcGJypfEdkifonf/ odkUaomf
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (16)

*sL;

jr&JUv

aemufydkif;rSm xdkodkUr[kwfrSef; uRefawmf odvmcJhonf/ jronf uRefawmhftay:

oufa&mufaeonfh olr\ a'go twGufb,ft&mjzifh tpm;xdk;ay;cJhovJ/
b,ft&mtay:
vrf;vTJay;tyfcJhovJ/
uRefawmf
rodEdkifawmhonfh
tjcif;t&mom jzpfygonf/
0&efwmrSm arQmfMunhf armhMunhfwwfonfh jr\ tusihfudk uRefawmf
tdrfjyefcsdeftm; apmifharQmf&mrS &onfh tusihf[kyif uRefawmfxifcJhonf/
NrdKUawmfMuD;udk jr pdwfukefvmonfudk uRefawmfodaomtcg jr\
pdwftajymif;tvJtwGuf c&D;xGuf&ef uRefawmf BudKwifBuHpnfcJhNyD; jrudk
teD;uyftcsdefa&mufrS zGifhajymcJhonf/
]]jra&.. udk,fwdkU a[m'DNrdKUBuD;uae q,f&ufavmuf xGufajy;MupdkUvm;/
jroGm;csifwJh awmifwef;awG? v,fuGif;awG jrpfawGqD? aemufNyD; vwfqwfwJh
avawGqDudk oGm;Mur,f/}}
uRefawmf arQmfvifhxm;onfu jronf rsuf0ef;rsm; awmufyvQuf
wtHhwMo MunfEl;aysmf&TifpGm &,farmayvdrhfrnf [lonfh tjzpftysuf/ odkUaomf
wu,fwrf;usawmh jronf rxl;jcm;aom omreftNyHK;uav;jzifh vufcHcJhonf/
]]jrwdkU &Gmuav;udk oGm;vnfcsifovm;jr}}
jru jznf;nif;pGm acgif;cg,rf;ygonf/
]]tJh'DrSm tazvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ tarvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;av tpfudk/
uRefr wG,fwmp&m bmrS r&Sdawmhwm? uRefr&JU NrdKUuav;[m wpfjcm;NrdKUuav;
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (17)

*sL;

oHk;av;q,f vdkygyJ?
oGm;Muwmaygh}}

jr&JUv

ydkNyD;

rxl;jcm;Edkifygbl;/

tpfudk

oGm;csifwJhNrdKUudk

uav;? yif;',? rEav;? ppfukdif; ESifh yk*H? anmifOD; NrdKUrsm;odkU

c&D;xGuf&ef uRefawmf qHk;jzwfvdkuf&ygonf/ &xm;c&D;pOf? um;vrf;c&D;pOfESifh
jr\ pdwfMunfvifrItwGuf oabFm c&D;pOfudkyg xnfh pDpOfvkdufygonf/
awmifay: a'oIcif;? tnmIcif;? bk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm; Icif;ESifhtwl
tqHk;r&Sd us,fjyefUvSaom aumif;uifjyifESifh ra&rwGufEdkifatmif rsm;jym;
jynhfESufaeaom vif;vufonfh Mu,fuav;rsm;\ Icif;onf jrudkomru
uRefawmhfudkyif MunfEl; vIdufvSJapcJhonf/ jyefawG;Munhfawmh xdkc&D;umv
q,f&ufonf uRefawmfESifh jrtMum;rSm bm&efpum;rS rqdk&aom? bma'gorS
rxGuf&aom csrf;ajrh qdwfNidrfonfh tzdk;wefumv uav;yJ jzpfonf/
aemufESpfawGrSmvnf; onfhxufydk &uftm;&atmif pDpOfNyD; jrESihf
uRefawmf ESpfa,muftwl c&D;xGufMurnf/ q,f&ufwmrQ Nidrf;csrf;MunfEl;pGm
topfjzpfwnfaom cspfjcif;jzihf uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,mufonf vmrnfh wpfESpfwm
umvudk &ifqdkif&if cGeftm;owdrsm;udk &&Sdayvdrhfrnf/
xdktawG;onf uRefawmhf&ifxJrSmom wkdifwnfqHk;jzwfvsuf jrudk
rajymrdaom tawG;jzpfonf/ jrudk bmaMumifh rajymrdygvdrhf[k jyefawG;Munhf
awmhvnf; a&a&&m&mrod/ ajymzdkUpOf;pm;NyD; rajymvdkuf rdwmvm;/ odkUr[kwf
ajymzdkUudk owdr&wmvm;? uRefawmf rcGJjcm;EdkifcJhay/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (18)

*sL;

jr&JUv

uRefawmf b,fawmhrQ rarhEdkifawmhrnfh nwpfn&Sdonf/ xdknonf

uRefawmfwdkU c&D;\ aemufqHk;n jzpfonf/ yk*HanmifOD;rS tjyefwGif
uRefawmfhaqGrsdK;rsm; &Sdaom NrdKUao;ao;uav; wpfNrdKUrSm uRefawmfh qEjzihf
wpf&uf 0ifem;cdkMuonf/ xdkumvonf uRefawmfESifh jr\ b0rS EIwf,l&vQif
jyefEIwf,l vkdufcsifaom umvuav; jzpf\/ wu,fhtjzpfrSefwGif
uRefawmfwdkUonf rdrdwdkUb0rS rnfonfh *Pef;wpfvHk;udkaomfrQ EIwf,lcGifh
r&SdEdkifyg/
uRefawmfwdkU wnf;cdkonfh tdrfonf NcH0dkif;us,fjyefYNyD; ajcxH&Snf
opfom;tdrfBuD; jzpfonf/ a&eHacs; okwfxm;NyD; rnf;eufcdkifcHhaomn tdrfBuD;
jzpfonf/ jr tvGefoabmusaom tdrftrsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/ xdkUxufydk jrudk
tHhMo&Tifvef;aponfh ([k uRefawmfxifcJhaom) t&mrSm jcH0dkif;a&SUu a&wGif;BuD;
yifjzpfonf/
a&wGif;BuD;onf tcsif;ig;ayeD;yg; us,f0ef;\/ a&wGif;aygifrSm xkxnf
xlxJpGmedrhfaom bdvyfajrudkifxm;onfh aygifjzpfonf/ a&wGif; EIwfcrf;aygif
onf uRefawmfhvufESifh xdvdkufaomtcg at;pdrhfonfh tawGUudk ay;\/
wrHwvif; ta&mifonf va&mifatmufrSm ajymifvufacsmrGwfae avonf/
vlawG yGwfwdkufygrsm; acsmrGwfaeaom a&wGif;EIwfcrf;udk uRefawmf
vufaxmufrSDjyD; a&wGif;xJ iHkUMunhfvdkufaomtcg [dk;atmufajc&Sd a&jyif
vjynhf\ t&dyfudk jrif&onf/ xdkUaemuf uRefawmfh rsufESmtjzpf
cyfrnf;rnf;t&dyf? xdkUaemuf jr\ t&dyf/ jruvnf; uRefawmf iHkUMunhfovdkyif
ikHUMunhfvsuf &,farmvdkufonf/ jr\ &,foHonf a&wGif;\ euf&Idif;rI?
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (19)

*sL;

jr&JUv

vHkNcHKrIaMumifh vdkPfoHaygufum xl;qef;aom &,foHwpfckyrm xif&onf/

uRefawmf jrudk vSnfhMunhfvdkufrdonf/
]]bm&,fwmvJ jr}}
jru NyHK;vsuf uRefawmfudk Munhf\
]]uRefr
i,fi,f
wkef;uaygh..
i,fi,fqdk
awmfawmfudk
i,fi,fwkef;uygyJ/ aumif;uifv[m bmvJvdkU rodwwfatmif i,fao;wJh
t&G,faygh/ tJ'Dwkef;u vudk odyfvdkcsifcJhwm}}
uRefawmf cyf[uf[uf &,farmrdonf/
]]vkdcsifayr,fh vu odyfa0;vGef;w,f qdkwmawmh odaeowJh tpfukd&JU..
tJ'DvdkeJU wpfaeUusawmh tazu uRefrudk csDxm;NyD; uRefrwdkU tdrfa&SUu
a&wGif;BuD;xJudk ikHUMunhfawmh a&wGif;xJrSm vudk jrifwmudk;/ 'Dawmh
aumif;uifu v[m odyfa0;w,f/ taz ,lay;EdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ a&wGif;xJu
vuawmh eD;w,f/ a&yHk;BudK;eJU iif,l&if taz ,lay;vkdU &rSmyJvdkU wGufowJh }}
jr\ toHrSm uav;wpfa,mufudk yHkajymjyaeonfh toHrsdK;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfonf a&wGif; tkwforHwvif;aygifudk rDSvsuf jr \ rsufESmudk cyfqq
ai;Munhfrdonf/
]]tJ'Dawmh tazhudk ,lcdkif;wmaygh/ tazu &,fvdkufwm rajymygeJUawmh/
'gayr,fh tazu uRefrtvdkvkdufygw,f/ a&jznfhxm;wJh AmvDcsdKifh ao;ao;
uav; ajrMuD;rSm csay;NyD; tJh'DxJrSm ay:aewJh vuav;udk uRefrudkay;a&m?
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (20)

*sL;

jr&JUv

uRefru jiif;owJh/ 'Dvu ao;ao;av;? a&wGif;xJu vu BuD;BuD; BuD;vdkU

ylqmowJh}}
jru wpfcsuf&,fjyefonf/
]]tJh'Dawmh tzu uRefrudk b,favmuftvkdvdkufovJqdk&if a&wGif;xJu
vudk uRefr trdefUtwdkif; a&yHk;eJU cyfcyfay;wm a&wGif;0vnf;a&muf a&yHk;xJu
vuvnf; aysmuf? a&wGif;xJrSmyJ v u usefae? tJ'Dvdk xyfumxyfum
a&iifNyD;rS uRefrudk azazu acsmh&owJh}}
]]'gjzifh jr u awmfawmfqdk;cJhwmayghaemf/ awmfygao;&JUjr&,f? tckaersm;
a&wGif;xJu vudk ,lcdkif;&if udk,fawmh'kuyJ }}
jru uRefawmhf ycHk;udk rSDEGJUum &,farmonf/
]]tdk. tpfudkUudkawmh a&wGif;xJu vudk rylqmawmhygbl;/ aumif;uifu
vudkyJ ylqmawmhrSmaygh}}
uRefawmhfjru
&,farmcJhygonf/

paemufwwfavonf[k

uRefawmf

oabmuspGm

xdknu uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,muf MunfEl;pGm tdyfarmusoGm;cJhonf/

tenf;qHk;ayghav? MunfEl;pGm tdyfarmusoGm;cJhonf[k uRefawmf xifygonf/
odkUaomf aemufwpfaeU eHeuf tm&kPfwufcsdefwGif uRefawmfhab;rSm
jrr&Sd/ tdrfomrSm awmNrdKUrsm;\ xHk;pHtwkdif; tdrfESifh cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif&Sdojzifh
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (21)

*sL;

jr&JUv

tdrfomodkUoGm;vdkvQif uRefawmfhudk EId;&ef jrudk rSmxm;cJhonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmf

vdkufoGm;aom tcgwGifvnf; xdkae&mrSm jrr&Sd/ tdrfa&SU rsufESmopfa&csdK;&m
a&wdkifuDrsm;? pOfhtdk;rsm;&Sd&mae&mrSmvnf; jrr&Sd/
]] jra& ... }}
wpftdrfvHk; Edk;oGm;aomtcg jrudk ae&mtESHU vdkuf&SmMuonf/
tdrfywf0ef;usif wpfckvHk; b,fae&mrS jrr&Sd/ uRefawmfonf em;rvnfEdkifrIom
rsm;vQuf pdk;&drfaomu u wjznf;jznf;rS 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
]]jr ... }}
aemufqHk;rSmawmh uRefawmf b,fvdkrS rxifrSwfcJhaom tjzpftysufudk
acsmufcsm;emusifpGm uRefawmf &ifqdkifvkduf&onf/ a&pdk&TJaeaom jr \
tavmif;udk uRefawmf jrifvdkuf&aomtcg uRefawmfonf aomuESifh
emusifaMuuGJrI? acsmufcsm; wkefvIyfrIwdkUjzifh owdvufvGwf jzpfoGm;cJh&ygonf/
jr bmjzpfoGm;cJhonf[k uRefawmfrodyg/
6 ESpfwkdifwkdif &if;ESD;cJhaom jrrSm bmpdwfa&m*grS r&SdaMumif;
uRefawmfomvQif todqHk;jzpfygonf/ jronf b,fwkef;urQ cyfaMumifaMumif
p&dkuf&Sdolvnf; r[kwf/ jraooGm;&if tpfudk odaphr,f ... [lonfh
emMunhfpum;wpfcGef;aomfrS a'gotavsmuf ajymqdkcJhjcif;r&Sd/ trsm;wumvdk
pmuav; wpfaMumif;wpfavrSvnf; xm;&pfcJhjcif;r&Sd/ uRefawmfESifh jr onf
ntdyf&m0ifonftxd &efpum; wpfcGef;aomfrS rqdkcJhMu/ jr pdwftaESmuft,Suf
uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (22)

*sL;

jzpfrnfh pum;wpfcGef;aomfrS uRefawmfuvnf; rajymcJhrd/

ESpfa,muf pdwfvuf ayghyg;pGm &,farmcJhMuonf r[kwfvm;/

jr&JUv

uRefawmfwdkU

jzpfEdkifonfrSm a&wGif;aygif EIwfcrf;onf vdktyfonfxuf ydk

acsmrGwfaejcif;? omref&Sdoifhonfh tjrifhxuf ydk awmfawmfedrhfaejcif;?
a&wGif;ab;u atmufajc tkwforHwvif;onf a&ndwuf acsmaejcif;..
xkdtcsufrsm;t& rawmfwq jyKwfuscJhonf[k uRefawmfwkdU aumufcsufcs&
ygvdrhfrnf/
cspfvSpGmaom ZeD;onfwpfa,muf tdyf,mxJrS xoGm;onfudk
rodvdkufavjcif;? tvefUwMum; atmfvdkufonfh tmar!dwfoHudkyif rMum;vdkuf
avjcif;[k aemifwESihf &Suf&GHUrIrsm;pGmjzifh aMuuGJwkefvIyf oGm;&aom uRefawmf
onf jr\ jzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk wGufcsufpOf;pm;? t"dyg,faumuf&ef b,fawmhrS
acgif;at;at;? aoG;at;at; wnfNidrfEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfyg/
rnfokdU aoqHk;cJhonf jzpfap uRefawmfh ZeD;uawmh aoqHk;cJhNyD/
uRefawmfhudk wpfa,mufxnf; xm;&pfcJhNyD/
rnfodkU aoqHk;cJhonf jzpfap uRefawmhZeD;onf a&wGif;qDodkU uRefawmf
rodvkdufbJ aemufwpfBudrfoGm;zdkU BudK;pm;cJhNyD/ bmaMumifhoGm;cJhygovJ/
uRefawmf rodyg/ uRefawmf jrudk em;vnfcJhonf[krsm; wpfcgwkef;u
udk,fhudk,fudk xifcJhrdygovm;/ 'gqdkvQif uRefawmfonf tvGefrSm;,Gif;aom
vlwpfa,mufom jzpfcJhygvdrhfrnf/

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (23)

*sL;

jr&JUv

uRefawmfonf avmuBuD;xJrSm aysmf&Tifwwfaom vlwpfa,muf

jzpfcJhovm;[k udk,fhudk,fudk jyefar;Munhfrdonf/ uRefawmf ,cifu b,fvdk
cHpm;csuf &SdcJhrSef; uRefawmfrodEdkifawmhyg/ ,cktcg twdwfb0ESifh ywfoufonfh
rSwfPfrsm; wjznf;jznf; avsmhyg;oGm;cJhonf/
aumif;uifqDrS uRefawmf bmudk apmifhMunhf wwfcJhygoenf;/
wdrfawGvm;? Mu,fawGvm;? vudkvm;/ avmavmq,f uRefawmf jrifae&onf
rSmawmh vjynhfvyif jzpfonf/
vonf vlom;wpfa,muf\ rSwfPfudk zsufqD;ypfwwfygovm;/
rnfonfh *kPfowdrsm;jzifh zsufqD;vdkufygoenf;/ rnfonfh twdkif;twmtxd
zsufqD;avh&Sdygoenf;/
ajym&vQifawmh vonf uRefawmfhtwGuf tvGefcufcJaom ykpmwpfyk'f
jzpfygonf/
*sL;
(1996?? Zefe0g&Dv? uvsmr*Zif;)

uRefrcspfaom a,musfm;rsm; ESifh tjcm;0wKwdkrsm;

pmrsufESm (24)