Section: Demonstration of Seepage Subject:

Experiment No. 10

I.

Introduction

Flow of water through soil is called Seepage. Channel seepage involves the relatively uniform passage of water through the wetted perimeter of the channel profile (bed and batters inclusive) due to poor-quality substrate material. It does not refer to leakage that occurs due to localized cracks, holes or bank failures. Channel seepage is influenced by the permeability of the layers forming or adjacent to the wetted perimeter of the channel. Seepage is also affected by the hydraulic characteristics of the channel and surrounding area. Seepage losses generally increase with greater water depth in the channel and as the difference in elevation between water level in the channel and local water table increases. Seepage mechanisms from earthen channels are dominantly horizontal or vertical, or a combination of the two. The dominant mechanism at a site affects the rate of seepage, the impact and the determination of the most appropriate remediation approach. II. Objective 1. To Determine III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. Materials Equipment Procedure Formulas Data and Results Observation Conclusion/Recommendation Theory Darcy's Law Darcy's law provides a means of calculating seepage flow rates and velocities in saturated soils. There are numerous practical applications of Darcy's law in the analysis of groundwater flow and design of subsurface drainage. It is commonly used to determine the capacity of under drains and pavement drainage systems.

Darcy's law relates flow through porous media linearly to proportionality constant, k, and the hydraulic gradient, Darcy's law is expressed in the following form: Q=kiA Where: Q= Discharge through an area (volume/time) k= coefficient of permeability (length/time) i= hydraulic gradient (ratio of change in water level and linear distance of fluid flow) (Dimensionless) A= area through which flow occurs XI. References http://www.coloradodot.info/programs/environmental/waterquality/documents/drainage-designmanual/drainagedesignmanual_chapter18_groundwater_and_see.p df http://www.irrigation.org.au/seepage/2_seepageRisk.html http://www.geoengineer.org/files/siva-seepage.pdf

http://www.dur.ac.uk/~des0www4/cal/dams/emba/seep.htm http://www.irrigation.org.au/seepage/4_1_approach.html http://www.chincold.org.cn/zt/learning3/liaohongzhi.pdf http://www.ifh.uni-karlsruhe.de/science/grundw/exp_gw_e.htm