Chronology Report of Shooting of MAKO TABUNI, Deputy head of West Papua National Committee (KPNB) Thursday June 14,

2012
A. Beginning of the shooting

The morning was clear. The sun had just shown itself behind Cycloop Mountain, spreading its rays across the blue skies of beautiful Port Numbay (Jayapura). The situation around Waena Housing Complex 3 (Perumnas 3), Yabansai Neighborhood, Abepura District, Jayapura, that morning seemed normal, like any other day. Even though the past weeks (end of May early June) had seen mysterious killings carried out by unknown actors in Jayapura, the string of shootings did not seem to have an impact on the situation that morning in Waena. All the betel nut sellers, motorcycle taxis and public taxi drivers, fried banana sellers, food stalls, shops, internet cafs, pharmacies, photocopy and print shops which normally serve university students, were carrying out their routine activities as usual. The proximity of the Cenderawasih University (Uncen) new campus, on the hill just behind Waena Housing Complex 3, draws a great deal of activity to the location. This creates intense daily and varied activity at the several small businesses, the other buildings in the area and communitys housing complex. That morning at 9.00am, a Papuan activist named Mako Tabuni, whose face is familiar to journalists in Jayapura, looked at ease chatting with 4 young men wearing normal or civilian clothing. It is not known what was being discussed by these 5 people; did Mako know them as friends or had he only just met them? This is not yet clear. Three eyewitnesses who are university students whom I interviewed, were standing nearby, just 10-20 metres away from the welding shop in front of the taxi stand at Housing Complex 3, the spot where Mako Tabuni was accompanied by one of his close friends along with these four other young men, all standing and talking for a few minutes. Mako was seen by these three witnesses wearing camouflage pants and shirt (similar to soldiers uniform) which is often the trademark style of Papuan activists from the West Papua National Committee (KNPB). His curly hair hung long from his head and was topped with one of his favourite hats, a beret similar to the those worn by horsemen or the hat worn by the famous Indonesian painter, the late Bazuki Abdulah. One of the four people who were conversing with Mako was ethnically Malay (non-Papuan), while the other three were of Papuan ethnicity. These four people were of a slimmer and taller build than Mako who was shorter and more stout. The four had different haircuts. The Malay had straight hair hanging down, while the three Papuan youth had fairly short curly hair. According to all three witnesses, while Mako was being accompanied by his friend and these four young men, three cars together were seen approaching from the road to UnCen campus. According to these witnesses, these cars seemed to be approaching from Jayapura urban centre by taking the alternative EntropSkyland-Waena road which leads to Waena Housing Complex 3. These three different cars suddenly stopped at different spots and distances from Mako and the others. One of the vehicles was a shiny Toyota Avanza silver-colored car with a police plate (DS) number 1481 and had its windows rolled-up. Another vehicle was a brown-colored Kijang also with its windows closed. These two cars stopped just to the right of the culvert bridge, by the Adventist Church. The police licence number of the Kijang car was not noted by the witnesses. A little time later, a few people in regular clothing (premanor non uniformed clothing) exited from these two cars. Another vehicle, a long black Daihatsu car with closed windows and police plate (DS) number 141, suddenly appeared and stopped right in front of a small residential shop or ruko above which is located Tepe Net internet caf.

As it happened, the three students who witnessed the incident were just a few metres from this Daihatsu car. A hefty man with brown skin and short straight hair exited from this car. Wearing black coloured regular clothing, this man held in his hand a rifle of SS1 type (made by PT. Pindad Indonesia company). Looking serious and while holding this weapon, this man walked towards Mako Tabuni and these four young men. As he walked this man cocked the rifle with the muzzle pointed low and ready to shoot. Mako, who up to that moment was standing chatting with the others, was suddenly shocked as the man who had exited the Daihatsu car was aiming his rifle at him. The witnesses heard this man say, Dont move Im arresting youwhile continuing to point the weapon at Makos face. Feeling wedged in, Mako then tried to move and get away. But the four young men who had earlier been chatting with him then began to grab his hands, shirt and body so that he could not escape. After staying for a few moments with them, Mako then succeeded in freeing himself and ran down the main street towards the motorcyle taxi stand that usually serves Uncen students, not far from where he had been standing. Makos friend, who had been standing with him, was forced to escape as well, seeing Mako with the rifle aimed at him and about to be arrested. A few seconds after Mako freed himself from the four who had been restraining him and ran away, the man holding the rifle fired two warning shots in the air. This was followed by a third shot when Mako was still running. According to witnesses that I interviewed, Mako stopped and reached for something in his pants pocket. What was he reaching for? The witness did not see anything in his hand. Feeling pressured, Mako continued to run until he managed to slip behind a row of twenty or so taxi motorcyles that were parked. But then he was blocked and caught by one of the motorcycle taxi drivers who was wearing a yellow helmet and who was already ready in position. This motorcycle taxi driver tightly held Makos shirt and body in order to stop him, but as Mako struggled hard to get loose he was able to free himself and continue to run. Then a police officer wearing undercover clothing who had joined in the chase shot Mako right in the right thigh, so that he could no longer run fast. The four people who had originally been chatting with Mako then blocked his path from the front, and Mako was caught by two of them. Holding his shirt collar, Mako was then slammed hard to the asphalt ground by these two men, just a few metres in front of the motorcycle taxi stand. After being slammed to the ground, Mako was pinned to the ground with his stomach down and his head facing the side. One of the witnesses managed to get a close look, from around 10-20 meters from where Mako was being held. Very soon after that the man who had been holding the SSI rifle came up to Mako and shot him in the back twice from a distance of one metre. One witness who previously had stood at a distance of only 20 metres, saw Makos foot shaking and at the time began to stop because he was shot two times in his back from a close distance. The eyewitness did not hear Mako make any noise at the time he was shot. In a critical condition and covered in blood, the body of Mako was dragged by the two men dressed in civilian clothes who had previously got out of the silver colored Avanza vehicle which had been parked not far from the location of the shooting. The man who was holding the rifle and shot Mako in the back then walked back to the direction of the car which was parked about forty metres from the location of the shooting. One witness who had previously watched the shooting from a close range then panicked and ran back to the where he was standing before, that is the taxi turning area and began shouting to his friends to escape because Mako had just been shot. They then ran and sought positions of safety among the shops and kiosks not far from the shooting. They also observed the man holding the rifle type SS1 walking in a relaxed manner towards the Daihatsu vehicle. This man then placed the rifle into the vehicle and started the engine, ready to move. Prior to that a few of the men holding handguns who had previously emerged from the silver Avanza and the brown Kijang vehicles had already returned to their vehicles. The two vehicles were then started up and sped off at speed, the Kijang in front followed by the silver Avanza, which contained the body of Mako. Behind that came the Daihatsu, which was driven by the man who had carried the SS1 rifle and who had shot Mako in the back. The three cars drove swiftly towards the Bhayangkara Police Hospital, taking the Abepura road towards Kotaraja. The four men that had originally been chatting to Mako before getting involved in his capture had suddenly disappeared. Most of the motorcycle taxi drivers had seen the shooting, as had betel-nut vendors, taxi

drivers and other passersby. Two witnesses that I interviewed stated that when it happened, they had still been able to observe, having slipped away into a shop selling construction materials. B. Riots/Disturbances

According to all the eye-witnesses that I interviewed separately and in different places, several minutes after the gunmen took Makos body away, people from Wamena (Papuas Central Highlands) and many Papuan men who had witnessed the shooting were overwhelmed with anger. They started to throw things and smash up the shops, food stalls, pharmacies and kiosks around the Perumnas 3 Taxi stand. Immediately the atmosphere near the taxi stand grew restless. The owners of the shops, kiosks, food stalls, and pharmacies panicked and closed up their businesses. News that riots had broken out in Perumnas 3 Waena quickly spread across the whole of Jayapura city. Upon finding out that Mako had been shot by Indonesian security forces, a crowd of KNPB sympathisers, the majority being people from Papuas Central Highlands (Wamena and surrounding areas), mobilised at two separate locations, near the Perumnas 3 taxi stand and in front of the Papuan Culture Museum at Expo Waena. The area around the taxi stand became the focus of the riot, involving dozens of people split into two groups. The first group set out to cause some damage, starting with a photocopy kiosk located across the road entering into the Otto Waspakrik housing complex for lecturers at Cenderawasih University (Uncen). There several people set fire to a motorbike which was inside the photocopy kiosk, and the fire spread to burn the front part of the building. In front of the taxi stand, apart from smashing up kiosks, shops and food stalls, they also gathered and burned motorbikes , that their owners had not been able to save, that were parked in the street or in front of shops. The second group had been breaking things in front of the ruko shops near the taxi stand. They also blockaded the road by burning several motorbikes in the middle of it, and burned down a mechanics workshop which joined on to a ruko building, some metres in front of the Perumnas 3 taxi stand. Everything that had been inside the workshop, including tens of motorbikes, were also completely burnt. The fire from the workshop spread, burning the upper and lower floors of the shop next door which adjoined the workshop. Meanwhile the owners of these shops were mostly in a state of panic, and they chose to leave to a safer place. The people burnt an Avanza car that was parked beneath the ruko shops, and another shop with a Bank Mandiri ATM outside was also damaged. Not only that, the angry crowds also burnt three other cars that had been parked outside the shops and food stalls in the area. After the destruction had continued for around one hour the people decided to disperse because they saw the police were beginning to arrive. People scattered in different directions: some ran into the Perumnas 3 complex, others went towards Perumnas 2 and Pokhouw village on both sides of the Kamp Wolker river. The people who ran towards the hilly ground behind the male dormitory and Uncens Waena campus felled some trees which were planted in the middle of the road near the technology faculty, to obstruct the passage of traffic. Students who had been attending classes all morning, lecturers and campus staff started to panic. They were trapped on campus for around one hour, unable to return home, especially as the road out of campus was blocked by trees. During the rioting around Perumnas 3 and Expo Waena, the rioting crowds carried out acts of violence besides the breaking and burning. This violence resulted in serious injuries for three non-ethnic Papuans. They were: a student in the second year of high school by the name of Andi Pariang (from Manado) who had a gash on his neck and his arm chopped off by a machete near to Expo Waena. He was directly brought to the Dian Harapan Hospital (RSDH) for attention. An Uncen student named Jafar (male, from Bugis-Makassar background) received a gash on his head and Haris (Javanese background) was slashed on his right hand near Perumnas 3. Both were taken to the Bhayangkara Police Hospital for intensive care. Four other people were also attacked and wounded by the crowd. Edi Karapa (39 years old), a lecturer in Uncens law faculty had a gash on the back of his head, a stab wound to his right hand and an arrow wound in his right leg. He was being cared for in the Bhayangkara Police Hospital in Kotaraja. Indra Irianto (18 years old) had his right hand broken with open cuts on his neck, chin and left hand. He was being treated in RSUD Dok2 Hospital in Jayapura. Zafar Marzuki (28), who also had a deep cut, was being treated in the Bhayangkara Police Hospital, as was Abdul Azis, who had also been cut. Meanwhile, a Papuan man, Yulius Tabuni (Mako Tabunis

younger brother) was also shot by the police in his right leg and was being treated at Bhayangkara Police Hospital. Six shops (ruko) were burnt during the actions, as were twenty-six motorbikes and four cars. Two other vehicles were damaged, along with three kiosks or food stalls and Bank Mandiris ATM. After the burning, the crowd also engaged in looting. The riots around Perumnas 3 and Expo Waena also caused panic amongst residents around Waena Camping Ground, the Expo arena, Yoka and Waena villages and Perumnas 1, 2 and 3. The state of panic was also felt in Abepura, Kotaraja, Tanah Hitam, Abe Beach, Nafri, Skyland, and even as far away as Entrop, Polimak and Jayapura City. As a result of this wave of panic, all shops, restaurants, schools, businesses and other offices in Waena, Abepura and Kotaraja immediately came to a standstill. Two female students that I interviewed also related that one hour after the riot in Perumnas 3 and Expo Waena, police let off a series of gunshots around the Uncen Abepura campus, causing the students to panic and flee to safety behind the hilly ground behind the campus. The majority of Uncen students, lecturers and office staff also sought a safe place to shelter inside the campus buildings. C. Securing the Area.

One hour after the riots around the Perumnas 3 Taxi Stand, at about 10.50 am, a platoon of fully-armed police from Abepura city police station was deployed to calm the situation, arriving at the scene of the incident in a police truck. They sealed off the taxi stand and some tried to help the people to extinguish the fires which still burned in the shops and kiosks, and the vehicles which the crowd had burnt. They were followed a short time later by a platoon of Dalmas riot police from the city police station, riding in two police trucks that went directly towards the Uncen campus hill. The police stopped near the Maths and Science and Engineering faculties, where they let off a series of gunshots into the air. The gunshots escalated the state of panic amongst the students, lecturers and office staff still trapped on campus. The police on campus proceeded to clear away the trees that were blocking the road and then to oversee the students, staff and lecturers as they made their way out. Some used vehicles, and others walked out in single file. After around 11.00am, as many as three platoons of Dalmas riot police from the city and provincial police headquarters comprising of police Mobile Brigade (Brimob) members arrived to the Perumnas 3 taxi stand in three trucks. They were led by the deputy chief of police in Papua Brigadier General Paulus Waterpauw and the head of the Jayapura city police Adjunct High Commisioner (AKBP) Alfred Papare. The police that had previously been on guard outside the gates of the Uncen campus prohibited students from taking photos of them or of the scene of the riot with their mobile phones and cameras. Meanwhile some police continued to sweep the Uncen campus as far as the Rectorate building. Others, equipped with two barracuda armored vehicles, went directly towards the Rusunawa male student dormitory (a four-storey dormitory) and continued the sweeping operation as far as the bridge over the Kamp Wolker river at the far side of the dormitory. They did this because news had gone around that a group of people that had been involved in the destruction were gathering at the far side of the bridge, armed with bows and arrows and machetes. Not long after, at about 11.20am, a whole company of Yonif 751 Raider soldiers, under the command of District Military Commander 1701 Jayapura, Lt. Col. Inf. Rano Tilar, arrived at the Perumnas 3 taxi stand. After seeing the buildings that the crowd had smashed and burned, and the burned motorbikes and cars, the Papuan Deputy Police Chief, the Jayapura City Police Chief and the District Military Commander moved on at around 11.25am. Each in his own agencys car, and with the support of the combined police and military, they moved towards the Uncen Waena male dormitory. They arrived at the Rusunawa Dormitory that had been suspected previously of being used as a base by KNPB members. The three security chiefs gave the orders to the combined police and military to secure the whole area around the male dormitory, including the four blocks of the four-storey Rusunawa Asrama and six units of another two-storey dormitory. Once they had secured the area, around one hundred inhabitants of the dormitory that had not been able to avoid the sweeping operation were assembled at block two of the Rusunawa Dormitory. Amongst them were several female students, and several who were not students but who lived in the dormitory. One student took

the initiative to be a spokesperson for the students with the military and police chiefs that were standing in front of them. He then asked the students to stay calm and not to panic out of fear and run away, because he had taken the responsibility upon himself to make that guarantee to the security forces. After that he asked the inhabitants to sit down and listen to the Jayapura City Police Chiefs orders. The Jayapura police chief, AKBP Alfred Papare, then spent about fifteen minutes issuing directions, during which he also gave his word that the inhabitants of the dormitory would not be beaten or arrested by the security forces. The police chief also made the request that they should also help to keep peace and order by not engaging in undesirable activities. After he spoke, the police chief then asked for the help of the inhabitants to enable the police to raid their rooms. Police and Brimob were then ordered to search each room starting from blocks one to four of the Rusunawa Dormitory, and continuing with units one to six of the other dormitory. While the searching of the dormitory rooms was still going on, at around 12.10, the Papuan Provincial Police Chief, B.L. Tobing arrived at the Rusunawa Dormitory in his official car escorted by several guards. The Provincial police chief gave orders and advice that were essentially almost the same as those the Jayapura police chief had already given. Amongst them, he asked the students not to get involved in actions against the Indonesian government and disturb the peace, but instead to focus on their studies. After speaking for several minutes, the Papuan Police Chief called on the Jayapura Police Chief AKBP Alfred Papare to ask for clarification of what the police and military had already done to secure the location. The Deputy Provincial Police Chief, Police Brigadier General Paulus Waterpauw then continued giving additional orders and words of caution for almost one hour while the process of searching the rooms continued. As they carried out the search, the police and military confiscated mobile phones and laptops belonging to the students who lived in the dormitory, yelling and swearing at the students. A student called Martinus Asmuruf who was sick and hadnt been able to get out when the others did was lying in his room in unit 3. When the police and military started to search the rooms, due to fear and his sickness, Marthinus was forced to hide in an attic near the bathrooms. Eventually he was found when the security forces searched the gaps in the ceiling, which had holes in it. Marthinus was ordered to come down and he was hit several times around his face and body and ordered to join the hundreds of other inhabitants that had previously been assembled at the Rusunawa Dormitory block two. As they were searching the building, the police and Brimob found several objects which they judged to be potential threats to security. Amongst them: 2 machetes, 2 air guns, one pistol, one molotov cocktail with a casing made from paper, one long knife, one other knife, 40 arrows with 5 bows, 5 slingshots, 5 backpacks, 1 pair of service-issue boots, one KNPB flag (1x2 meters), 8 camouflage shirts and one more which had the logo of the Morning Star flag in the right corner, one pair of handcuffs, one piece of iron tubing, 2 morning star flags (1x1.5 meters and 10x20 cm), 3 axes, 2 sickles, a book titled An Act of Free Choice in West Papua written by the Dutch historian Pieter Drooglever, 3 laptops (2 hard disks and one digital camera), one green beret, one noken [a traditional bag], 3 rocket fireworks, 1 camouflage Indonesian army uniform belonging to a private (An. Anton Siswa Secata), 30 KNPB documents and one Australian flag (0.5x1.5 meters). As a result of the combined police and military sweep and raid at the Uncen Waena male dormitory, most of the student inhabitants felt forced to seek refuge with their families. Some others chose to go into hiding in the forest behind the dormitory or at the mouth of the Kamp Wolker river. Some students did go back to the dormitory after the police and military had finished the search, but most of them were still afraid to return. It was not only the students who lived in the dormitory that had to escape. Many people from Wamena (Papuan Central Highlands), who mostly lived near to the Uncen male dormitory or around the Kamp Wolker river, also sought refuge in the forest behind the hill. This was because the combined police and military sweeping operation had already reached their homes. The boarders of Putra dormitory who are mostly students are still feeling upset because a lot of the doors, door hinges and windows in the rooms were damaged and broken during the police raid. Some students also complained that their mobile phones and computer laptops have been seized. The laptops are used not only for college assignments but also contain a lot of data tasks of their courses and the data files of their final project (thesis). The people post-riot in general are in a state of panic and anxiety as result of the sweeping by the apparatus of joint military/police force around Dormitories at UNCEN, Camp Wolker, Perumnas 3, Perumnas 2, and Perumnas 1. The day after the riot at Perumnas 3, the situation in Waena has not been fully restored and function as normal.

Residents are still scared, hence more rumors that people from Wamena, (Papua Central Highlands) will attack the immigrants as well as other vital assets because of the death of Mako Tabuni, Vice-Chairman I, who had been shot dead in Perumnas 3 by Indonesia security forces. An anticipation of further possible riots, combined forces (TNI/police) have been deployed to maintain security at various corners around Jayapura town. Surveillance is really tight around Perumnas 3 Waena, Expo Waena, Abepura and Kotaraja. Security protection by the joint-apparatus with both TNI/Police still continues until present.

D.

Why Was Mako Tabuni Shot?

The shooting of Mako Tabuni was done because the institute of security (Police/Army) accused his engagement in a series of mysterious cases of shootings carried out by unidentified persons (OTK) around Jayapura town few weeks earlier. For example, the shooting of a German tourist at Base G beach in Jayapura; cases of torture, murder and burning of a car that happen at the cemetery in Waena; the shooting of a high school student (SMA) from Kristen Kalam Kudus at Skyland hill near the office of Otonom Kotaraja; the shooting of a member TNI in Entrop; the shooting of two young men on Sam Ratulangi street, Jayapura (near the headquarter of Polda Papua); the shooting of a civil servant (PNS) from Kodam behind the Mayors Office and the last shooting was a motorcycle driver who was also a security guard at Saga Mall at FKIP campus in UNCEN, Abepura. As a result of the mysterious gunman not being identified in this series of shootings, the security institutions, partcularly the police, were accused by the public of not being able to uncover the perpetrators and arrest the perpetrator behind the cases. In the local mass media publications in Jayapura-Papua and the national media in Jakarta, the police officials in Jakarta-Indonesia (Kapolri) and Jayapura (Kapolda) had given prejudiced and speculative that they had found the characteristic evidence of the perpetrators behind the series of mysterious shootings in Jayapura. Top Indonesian police officials also said that they had arrested three Papuans who allegedly engaged in acts of mysterious killings. But until now the police have not been able to prove the involvement of these three people. Not only that, in order to justify the efforts of the police in the arrest of the three accused persons, the police also arrested the Chairman of the West Papua National Committee (KNPB), Buchtar Tabuni. Buchtar is accused of plotting a series of shootings in which members of KNPB personnel involved. Moreover, rumors had circulated earlier that a number of officials and KNPB personnel were in possession of firearms. Not long after, the police also made Mako Tabuni (vice chairman I KNPB) as the target of accusations and a person to be arrested for allegedly involved in a series of shootings. Later after Mako Tabunis being shot to death, Police Chief, Irjenpol B.L. Tobing, made a statement in the mass media that directly contradicted the eyewitness accounts. The Police Chief said that before the shot, Mako Tabuni tried to seize the police weapons from the Special Team Reskrim Polda Papua in civilian clothing who wanted to negotiate for his arrest in a proper way. From various local media coverage and one of the large media publications in Jayapura, called the Cenderawasih Post, edition on Friday, June 15, 2012, the Police Chief said, Because the police members saw that Mako Tabuni was pointing a gun at his members the other members made warning shots into the air, but Mako Tabuni ignored (these shots) so the police members shot him. The Police Chief also stated that Mako had resisted and tried to shoot the police who were trying to arrest him by taking out his hand gun, type Taurus, Series No: 915 682: Body No. XK255 565. According to the Police Chief, the team of doctors at Bhayangkara Hospital found the gun on Mako Tabunis body after it was broughtin by members of police who shot him and that the doctors also found the gun contained six 38-caliber bullets. The gun was allegedly owned by a member of the Police in Keerom, named Brigadier Hendra, who lost it due to theft in 2010 at his home. Again according to the Police Chief that inside the traditional string bag of Mako, the team of doctors also found a casing of a bullet. He stated that the gun had been sent to forensic laboratory headquarters in Jakarta to test the projectiles and to find out if they matched previously used projectiles from the mysterious shooting incidents. If the outcome is the same, according to the Police Chief, then Mako Tabuni, and

his friends are certainly involved in series of actions over the mysterious shooting that occurred in Jayapura town. The series of mysterious shootings began with the German tourist at Base G beach. Before that, the city of Jayapura was relatively safe, with no occurrence of mysterious shooting ever happening. Coincidentally, the initial shooting of the German citizen came just days after hearing the Universal Periodical Review (UPR) at the th UN Human Rights Council 13 Session held in Geneva, Switzerland. In this review, countries such as France, Germany, Japan and others questioned a series of cases of human rights violations which occurred in Indonesia. One was about the situation of human rights violations by Indonesian security forces in West Papua (West Papua). These countries also echoed criticism that embarrassed the Government of Indonesia because of the rampant cases of human rights violations in the past that cannot be justified in Papua and violations of human rights which continue to occur.