Chng III

HM (FUNCTION)
I. NH NGHA HM
Hm l mt thnh phn ca d liu loi cng thc v c xem l nhng cng thc
c xy dng sn nhm thc hin cc cng vic tnh ton phc tp.
Dng thc tng qut:
<TN HM> (Tham s 1, Tham s 2,...)
Trong : <TN HM> l tn qui c ca hm, khng phn bit ch hoa hay thng
Cc tham s: t cch nhau bi du "," hoc ";" tu theo khai bo trong Control Panel
(xem phn khai bo mi trng - chng II)
Cch nhp hm: Chn mt trong cc cch:
- C1: Chn lnh Insert - Function
- C2: n nt Insert Function trn thanh cng c
- C3: G trc tip t bn phm
II. CC HM THNG DNG
1. Nhm Hm x l s:
a. Hm ABS:
- C php: ABS(n)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s n
- V d: ABS(-5)
5
b. Hm SQRT:
- C php: SQRT(n)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l cn bt hai ca s n
- V d: SQRT(9)
3
c. Hm ROUND:
- C php: ROUND(m, n)
- Cng dng: Lm trn s thp phn m n n ch s l. Nu n dng th lm trn
phn thp phn. Nu n m th lm trn phn nguyn.
- V d 1: ROUND(1.45,1)

1.5
- V d 2: ROUND(1.43,1)

1.4
- V d 3: ROUND(1500200,-3)

1500000
- V d 4: ROUND(1500500,-3)

1501000
d. Hm INT:
- C php: INT(n)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l phn nguyn ca s thp phn n
- V d: INT(1.43)

1
e. Hm MOD:
- C php: MOD(m,n)

- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr phn d ca php chia s m cho s n

- V d: MOD(10,3)

1
2. Nhm hm x l d liu chui:
a. Hm LOWER:
- C php: LOWER(s)
- Cng dng: Chuyn tt c cc k t trong chui s sang ch thng.
- V d: LOWER(ExCeL)

excel
b. Hm UPPER:
- C php: UPPER(s)
- Cng dng: Chuyn tt c cc k t trong chui s sang ch hoa.
- V d: UPPER(ExCeL)

EXCEL
c. Hm PROPER:
- C php: PROPER(s)
- Cng dng: Chuyn tt c cc k t u ca mi t trong chui s sang ch hoa
v cc k t cn li l ch thng.
- V d: PROPER(MiCRosoFt ExCeL)

Microsoft Excel
d. Hm LEFT:
- C php: LEFT(s, n)
- Cng dng: Trch ra n k t ca chui s k t bn tri.
- V d: LEFT(EXCEL,2)

EX
e. Hm RIGHT:
- C php: RIGHT(s, n)
- Cng dng: Trch ra n k t ca chui s k t bn phi.
- V d: RIGHT(EXCEL,2)
EL
f. Hm MID:
- C php: MID(s, m, n)
- Cng dng: Trch ra n k t ca chui s k t v tr th m.
- V d: MID(EXCEL,3,2)
CE
g. Hm LEN:
- C php: LEN(s)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l chiu di ca chui s.
- V d: LEN(EXCEL)

5
h. Hm TRIM:
- C php: TRIM(s)
- Cng dng: Tr v chui s sau khi ct b cc k t trng hai u.
- V d: TRIM( EXCEL )

EXCEL
@ Ch : Nu cc hm LEFT, RIGHT khng c tham s n th Excel s hiu n=1.
3. Nhm hm thng k:

a. Hm COUNT:
- C php:
COUNT(phm vi)
- Cng dng: m s c cha d liu s trong phm vi.
- V d: m s nhn vin trong bng di th dng cng thc:
COUNT(E2:E6)

5
1

A
STT

B
H v tn

Nguyn Vn
A
Trn Th B

5
6

4
5

Phm Ngc
C
L Vn D
Ng Th E

C
Gii
tnh
Nam

D
Phng
ban
K Ton

E
Lng CB

Kinh
doanh
K Ton

900,000

Nam
N

K Ton
Kinh
doanh

1,000,000

1,200,000
800,000
1,000,000

b. Hm COUNTA:
- C php:
COUNTA(phm vi)
- Cng dng: m s c cha d liu trong danh sch List.
- V d: m s nhn vin trong ct C bng trn th dng cng thc:
COUNT(C2:C6)

4
c. Hm COUNTIF:
- C php:
COUNTIF(phm vi, iu kin)
- Cng dng: m s tha mn iu kin trong phm vi.
- V d: m s nhn vin thuc phng K ton (xem bng mc a) th dng
cng thc:
COUNTIF(D2:D6, K ton)

3
@ Ch : Tr trng hp iu kin l mt con s chnh xc th cc trng hp cn li
u phi b iu kin trong mt du ngoc kp.
V d 1: m s nhn vin c Lng CB l 1.000.000
COUNTIF(E2:E6,1000000)

2
V d 2: m s nhn vin c Lng CB nh hn 1.000.000
COUNTIF(E2:E6,<1000000)
2
d. Hm MAX:
- C php:
MAX(phm vi)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l s ln nht trong phm vi.
- V d: bit Lng CB cao nht (xem bng mc a) th dng cng thc:
MAX(E2:E6)
1.200.000
e. Hm MIN:

- C php:
MIN(phm vi)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l s nh nht trong phm vi.
- V d: bit Lng CB thp nht (xem bng mc a) th dng cng thc:
MIN(E2:E6)
800.000
f. Hm AVERAGE:
- C php:
AVERAGE(phm vi)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l trung bnh cng ca cc trong phm vi.
- V d: bit mc lng trung bnh (xem bng mc a) th dng cng thc:
AVERAGE(E2:E6)
980.000
g. Hm SUM:
- C php: SUM(phm vi)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l tng cc trong phm vi
- V d: tnh tng Lng CB ca tt c cc nhn vin (xem bng mc a):
SUM(E2:E6)
4.900.000
h. Hm SUMIF:
- C php: SUMIF(vng cha iu kin, iu kin, vng cn tnh tng)
- Cng dng: Hm dng tnh tng c iu kin. Ch nhng no trn vng
cha iu kin tho mn iu kin th s tnh tng nhng tng ng trn vng cn
tnh tng.
- V d: Tnh tng Lng CB ca nhn vin phng K ton (xem bng mc a):
SUMIF(D2:D6, K ton, E2:E6)
3.000.000
4. Hm xp v th (RANK)
- C php:
RANK(X, Khi, n)
- Cng dng: Xp v th cho gi tr X trong khi. Trong , n l tham s qui nh cch
sp xp:
+ Nu n = 0 (hoc khng c tham s ny) th kt qu sp xp theo kiu ln ng
trc, nh ng sau
+ Nu n khc 0 th kt qu sp xp theo kiu nh ng trc, ln ng sau
- V d 1: xp v th cho cc hc sinh trong bng di th ti D2 g cng thc
sau:
RANK(C2,$C$2:$C$6)
1
2

A
STT
1

3
4

2
3

B
H v tn
Nguyn Vn
A
Trn Th B
Phm Ngc
C
L Vn D

C
TB
8.3
7.5
9.2
7.8

D
V th

Ng Th E

8.5

5. Nhm hm x l d liu logic:

D liu logic l loi d liu m ch cha mt trong hai gi tr True (ng) hoc False
(sai).
a. Hm IF:
- C php:
IF(biu thc iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2)
- Cng dng: Hm tin hnh kim tra biu thc iu kin:
+ Nu biu thc iu kin l True (ng) th tr v gi tr 1.
+ Ngc li, nu biu thc iu kin l False (sai) th tr v gi tr 2.
- V d 1: Hy in gi tr cho ct kt qu. Bit rng: Nu im thi ln hn hoc
bng 5 th ghi u. Ngc li th ghi Hng
IF(B2>=5, "u", "Hng")
- V d 2: IF(2>3,Sai, ng)

ng
@ Ch :
v Hm IF dng chn 1 trong 2 la chn nhng nu phi chn nhiu hn 2 la
chn th dng hm IF theo kiu lng nhau.
V d 3: Hy in gi tr cho ct xp loi trong bng di. Bit rng: Nu TB
>=9 th ghi Gii, nu TB >=7 th ghi Kh, nu TB >=5 th ghi TB, cn li th ghi
Yu.
IF(B2>=9,"Gii",IF(B2>=7,"Kh",IF(B2>=5,"TB","Yu")))
A
B
C
1
H tn
im thi
Kt qu
2 Nguyn
7
3 Hng
4
4 Anh
6
5 Thnh
9
6 Xun
3
v Biu thc iu kin ca hm IF lun phi c kt qu tr v 1 trong 2 gi tr True
(ng) hoc False (sai).
V d 4: IF(A=B, C, D)

D
V d 5: IF(A, B, C)

Li #VALUE
v Trong hm IF, nu khng c i s th 3 th khi biu thc iu kin sai hm s
tr v gi tr False.
V d 6: IF(2<3, Sai)

Sai
V d 7: IF(2>3, Sai)

FALSE
b. Hm AND:
- C php:
AND(biu thc iu kin 1, biu thc iu kin 2,...)
- Cng dng: Hm tr v gi tr True (ng) nu tt c cc biu thc iu kin u
ng v tr v gi tr False (sai) khi c t nht mt biu thc iu kin sai.

- V d: Hy in gi tr cho ct kt qu trong bng di. Bit rng:

Nu tng im>=10 v im Anh vn>=5 th ghi u
Cc trng hp cn li th ghi Hng.
IF(AND(B2>=10,C2>=5),"u", "Hng")
A
1
2
3
4
5
6

H tn
Nguyn
Hng
Anh
Thnh
Xun

B
Tng im
thi
13
8
16
17
9

C
Anh
6
8
7
3
5

D
Kt
qu

c. Hm OR:
- C php:
OR(biu thc iu kin 1, biu thc iu kin 2,...)
- Cng dng: Hm tr v gi tr True (ng) nu c t nht mt bt iu kin ng v
tr v gi tr False nu tt c cc bt iu kin u sai.
- V d: Hy in gi tr cho ct kt qu trong bng mc b. Bit rng:
Nu tng im>=10 hoc im Anh vn>=5 th ghi u
Cc trng hp cn li th ghi Hng.
IF(OR(B2>=10,C2>=5),"u", "Hng")
d. Hm NOT:
- C php:
NOT(biu thc logic)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l ph nh ca biu thc logic
- V d: NOT(2<3)

False
6. Nhm hm x l d liu ngy - thng - nm:
a. Hm TODAY:
- C php:
TODAY( )
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l ngy thng nm ca h thng
- V d:
b. Hm NOW:
- C php:
NOW( )
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l ngy thng nm v gi - pht ca h thng
- V d:
c. Hm DAY:
- C php:
DAY(biu thc ngy thng nm)
- Cng dng: Tr v phn ngy ca biu thc ngy thng nm
- V d:
DAY(TODAY( ))
d. Hm MONTH:

- C php:
MONTH(biu thc ngy thng nm)
- Cng dng: Tr v phn thng ca biu thc ngy thng nm.
- V d:
MONTH(TODAY( ))
e. Hm YEAR:
- C php:
YEAR(biu thc ngy thng nm)
- Cng dng: Tr v phn nm ca biu thc ngy thng nm.
- V d:
YEAR(TODAY( ))
b. Hm WEEKDAY:
- C php: WEEKDAY(biu thc ngy thng - nm , kiu tr v)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr l s th t ca biu thc ngy -thng nm trong mt
tun ty thuc vo kiu tr v:
+ Nu kiu tr v l 1 (hoc khng c) th ch nht c xem l ngy u tin
trong tun v c nh s th t theo bng sau:
Th

CN

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
V d: Gi s A1 cha ngy 30/07/2006 (tc ch nht) th:
WEEKDAY(A1)

1
+ Nu kiu tr v l 2 th th 2 c xem l ngy u tin trong tun v c
nh STT theo bng sau:
Th

CN

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
V d: Gi s A2 cha gi tr ngy 31/07/2006 (tc th 2) th
WEEKDAY(A2)

1
+ Nu kiu tr v l 3 th th 2 c xem l ngy u tin trong tun v v c
nh STT theo bng sau:
Th
2
3
4
5
6
7
CN
STT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
V d: Gi s A2 cha gi tr ngy 31/07/2006 (th 2) th
WEEKDAY(A2)

0
7. Nhm hm x l d liu gi - pht - giy:
a. Hm SECOND:
- C php:
SECOND(biu thc gi - pht - giy)
- Cng dng: Tr v phn giy ca biu thc gi - pht - giy
- V d: Gi s ti D5 cha ga tr 08:30:20 th:
SECOND(D5)

20
b. Hm MINUTE:
- C php:
MINUTE(biu thc gi - pht - giy)

- Cng dng: Tr v phn pht ca biu thc gi - pht - giy

- V d: Gi s ti D5 cha ga tr 08:30:20 th:
MINUTE(D5)

30
c. Hm HOUR:
- C php:
HOUR(biu thc gi - pht - giy )
- Cng dng: Tr v phn gi ca biu thc gi - pht - giy
- V d: Gi s ti D5 cha ga tr 08:30:20 th:
HOUR(D5)

8
8. Nhm hm tra cu:
a. Hm VLOOKUP:
- C php:
VLOOKUP(n, khi, m, r)
- Cng dng: Tin hnh tm gi tr n trong ct u tin ca khi v ly gi tr tng
ng trn ct th m.
+ Nu r=0 (hoc FALSE) th tm gi tr chnh xc bng vi n. Nu khng tm thy
th tr v li #N/A (li khng tm thy)
V d: in gi tr cho ct Ph cp trong bng di da vo chc v v tr
bng 1
VLOOKUP(C2,$F$3:$G$7,2,0)
A
B
C
D
F
G
E
1
Ph
BNG 1
STT H v tn Chc v
cp
2
Chc
1
Nguyn
G
Ph cp
v
3
2
L
PG
50000
G
4
3
My
TP
40000
PG
5
4
Hong
NV
30000
TP
6
5
Thanh
TP
20000
PP
7
10000
NV
6
Hnh
PP
8
7
Chi
NV
9
8
Hin
NV
10
9
Trm
NV
11 10
Tng
NV
12
BNG 2
13
Chc v
G
PG
TP
PP
NV
14
50000
40000 30000
20000
10000
Ph cp
+ Nu r=1 (hoc TRUE) th ct u tin ca khi phi c sp xp tng dn v
lc nu khng tm thy gi tr chnh xc vi n s ly gi tr tng ng gn ca n.
V d: in gi tr cho ct Xp loi trong bng sau da vo TB v tra bng
tra
VLOOKUP(C2,$F$2:$G$5,2,1)

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1 STT H v tn TB Xp loi
TB Xp loi
2
1
Nguyn
7.3
4 Yu
3
2
L
5.6
5 TB
4
3
My
9.0
7 Kh
5
9 Gii
4
Hong
4.0
6
5
Thanh
5.0
b. Hm HLOOKUP:
HLOOKUP c c php v cng dng tng t VLOOKUP nhng c dng trong
trng hp bng tra c b tr theo hng ngang thay v theo hng dc nh
VLOOKUP.
V d: in gi tr cho ct Ph cp trong bng mc a da vo chc v v tr
bng 2
HLOOKUP(C2,$C$13:$G$14,2,0)
c. Hm MATCH:
- C php:
MATCH(n, Khi, r)
- Cng dng: Tr v s th t ca n trong khi. Trong , r c ngha tng t r
trong hm VLOOKUP.
- V d: Hy xc nh v tr ca nhn vin tn Chi trong ct B ca hnh 1 mc a:
MATCH(Chi, B2:B11,0)
7
d. Hm INDEX:
- C php:
INDEX(Khi, m, n)
- Cng dng: Tr v gi tr ca nm giao ca hng m v ct n trong khi.
- V d: Hy xc nh gi thu phng Loi B tng 3 trong bng sau l bao nhiu?
INDEX($C$3:$E$5,2,3) 260
A
B
C
D
E
1
BNG GI TIN PHNG
2
Loi\Tng
T1
T2 T3
TR
3
310 290 270 250
A
4
300 280 260 240
B
5
210 190 170 150
C