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Gii thiu v MPLS, cc ng dng ni bt ca MPLS. Chuyn mch IP v chuyn mch nhn. Cu trc nhn. Giao thc trao i nhn. MPLS VPN.
Cc ng dng
MPLS VPN. AToM (Any Transport over MPLS). Traffic Engineering. QoS trn MPLS. BGP Free Core. u im vt tri: hp nht h tng.
nh tuyn (Routing): s dng cc ng i khai bo tnh (static route) hoc chy cc giao thc nh tuyn xc nh c ng i ti u nht n mt ch n no . Chuyn mch (Switching): di chuyn mt gi tin t interface ny qua interface kia ca thit b.
Chuyn mch IP
LIB Label Information Base. LFIB Label Forwarding Information Base. Label Distribution Protocol.
Cu trc nhn
Nhn (Label):
C gi tr t 0 -> 2^20 1. 0 ->15: dnh ring. S dng t 16 -> 2^20 1. Cisco IOS ch cho php t 16 -> 100000.
EXP (Experimental): dng cho QoS. S (Bottom of Stack): cho bit y phi nhn cui cng ca chng nhn (label stack) cha. TTL (Time To Live): tng t nh trng TTL ca IP header.
Cu hnh MPLS
Bc 1: Bt c ch CEF. Bc 2: Bt MPLS trn cc cng (interface). Bc 3: Cu hnh MTU cho ph hp vi chuyn mch nhn.
VPN
VPN Virtual Private Network: Mng ring o. L mt mng o dnh ring nhng c xy dng trn mt h tng chung. c tnh c bn:
Cc loi VPN
Overlay VPN
Nh cung cp dch v cung cp hoc doanh nghip t cu hnh cc ng ni im im gia cc site ca mnh. V d: Frame Relay, ATM (layer 2) GRE VPN, IPSEC VPN (layer 3).
u im:
Nhc im:
C tnh bit lp cao gia cc VPN, gia nh cung cp dch v v khch hng. Nh cung cp dch v ch cung cp mt ng truyn, khng tham gia nh tuyn cng khch hng. Cc VPN ch yu c khai bo tnh v l cc ng im im: cc VC phi c khai bo tay sut tuyn (manually configuration). Mun ti u ha v ng i phi xy dng full mesh u ni cc VC. Cc VPN khc nhau khng lin thng c vi nhau. Khng cung cp c c ch i Internet.
Nhc im:
m bo nh tuyn ti u gia cc site ca khch hng. C tnh cht ng: d dng trin khai thm VPN, c th cho cc VPN khc nhau lin thng vi nhau, to c ng i Internet. Nh cung cp dch v phi tham gia nh tuyn v chu trch nhim cho s hi t nh tuyn ca khch hng. PE router phi cha rt nhiu route ca cc khch hng. Nh cung cp dch v phi trin khai thm cc cng c lc route, cc cng c h tr s trng lp IP gia cc khch hng.
MPLS VPN
VRF Virtual Routing Forwarding: l mt t hp nh tuyn v chuyn mch i km vi mt giao thc nh tuyn trn PE router. Trn PE, mi VRF c gn cho mt VPN khch hng.
RD Route Distinguisher: c nh km vo cc IPv4 Prefix route nh danh duy nht cc route c trao i gia cc Router. RD: l mt dy nh phn di 64 bit c nh dng: ASN:nn. RD nh km vi IPv4 to thnh a ch VPNv4. MP BGP s vn chuyn cc route VPNv4 gia cc PE.
RT Route Target. L mt thuc tnh community m rng ca BGP c s dng xc nh xem route no nhn c t MP BGP s c import (a vo) VRF.
Ch cc PE router phi cha route ca cc khch hng. Cc P router khng phi bit thng tin nh tuyn ca khch hng. Ch phi chy MP BGP gia cc PE (BGP Free Core).
Nhn u (Top label): dng i n router PE u kia. Nhn th 2 (Second label): dng xc nh VPN.
Cu hnh MPLS Core. Cu hnh cc VRF v chy nh tuyn vi khch hng. Cu hnh chy BGP gia cc PE. Thc hin redistribute cc route ca khch hng vo BGP v ngc li. Kim tra.