Is-limiter

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Is-limiter
Is-limiter The world's fastest switching device

Reduces substation cost Solves short-circuit problems in new substations and substation extensions Optimum solution for interconnection of switchgears and substations In most cases the only technical solution Reliability and function proofed in thousands of installations Worldwide in service The peak short-circuit current will never be reached The short-circuit current is limited at the very first current rise

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Is-limiter Technical data

Rated voltage 0.75 kV 12.00 kV 17.50 kV 24.00 kV 36.00 kV 40.50 kV Rated current 5000 A 4000 A 4000 A 3000 A 2500 A 2500 A Switching capability 140 kA RMS 210 kA RMS 210 kA RMS 140 kA RMS 140 kA RMS 140 kA RMS

For higher rated currents Is-limiter can be connected in parallel

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Is-limiter Technical data

More than 3000 Is-limiters in service in approx. 80 countries

Customers:

Industry

Paper mills Refineries Chemical industries Car industries Power stations Steel-, Aluminium mills On-Off-shore platforms Ships / Vessels

Towns utilities Utilities Test-laboratories

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Is-limiter Comparison: Is-limiter circuit-breaker

T0 : Response time of the protection relay: i T1 : Operating time of the protection relay: T2 : Operating time of the circuit-breaker: T3 : Arc duration: 10 - 20 ms 30 - 40 ms 40 - 80 ms 10 - 20 ms 90 - 160 ms

T0

T1

T2

T3

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Is-limiter Comparison: Is-limiter circuit-breaker

T0 : Response time of the protection relay: i T1 : Operating time of the protection relay: T2 : Operating time of the circuit-breaker: T3 : Arc duration: 10 - 20 ms 30 - 40 ms 40 - 80 ms 10 - 20 ms 90 - 160 ms

Total time of current flow through Is-limiter: T = 5 - 10 ms t T T0 T1 T2 T3

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Is-limiter Function Breaking of a short-circuit current with Is-limiter

250 kA i

50 kA
50kA x x 2

125 kA

i1

50 kA Current curve at the short-circuit location

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Is-limiter Function Breaking of a short-circuit current with Is-limiter

250 kA i i = i1 + i2 without IS-limiter

50 kA

50 kA
50kA x x 2

125 kA

50 kA

i1

50 kA Current curve at the short-circuit location

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Is-limiter Function Breaking of a short-circuit current with Is-limiter

250 kA i i = i1 + i2 without IS-limiter

50 kA

50 kA
50kA x x 2

125 kA

50 kA

i1

50 kA Current curve at the short-circuit location

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Is-limiter Function Breaking of a short-circuit current with Is-limiter

250 kA i i = i1 + i2 without IS-limiter

50 kA

50 kA
50kA x x 2

125 kA

i = i1 + i2 with Is-limiter
i1 i2

50 kA

50 kA Current curve at the short-circuit location

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Is-limiter Function Insert-holder and insert

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Is-limiter Structure Typical System Components

3 CTs 1 Tripping cabinet

3 Inserts holders with inserts

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Is-limiter Structure Truck mounted panel

Type tested

acc. IEC 62271-200

Internal arc classification

IAC: A FLR

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Is-limiter Reliability Is-limiter as protection device at highest level

Self monitoring Redundancy (for each phase one independent system) Protection against EMI

EMC tested according to IEC 61000 Special current transformers (low impedance shield between primary and secondary winding) Filters for incoming / outgoing wires Special tripping and measuring wires (each pair tightly twisted and protected by steel conduit)

Test equipment (quick, complete and easy test by user)

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Is-limiter Reliability Test equipment

Is-limiter insert holder with test insert

Test equipment

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Is-limiter Function Detection of the short-circuit current

i 1

1 Short-circuit current without IS-limiter

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Is-limiter Function Detection of the short-circuit current

i 1

1 Short-circuit current without IS-limiter

ilimit

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Is-limiter Function Detection of the short-circuit current

i 1

ilimit ^ (di/dt)
^ = logical and
1 Short-circuit current without IS-limiter 2 Short-circuit current - IS-limiter tripped -

(di )2 dt
ilimit

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Is-limiter Function Detection of the short-circuit current

i 1

ilimit ^ (di/dt)
^ = logical and
1 Short-circuit current without IS-limiter 2 Short-circuit current - IS-limiter tripped -

(di )2 dt
ilimit

(di )3 dt

3 Over current - IS-limiter not tripped 4 Peak value of service current

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Is-limiter Function Schedule for tripping

T0: Reaching time for tripping criteria (instantaneous value and di/dt). T1: Response time of the electronic approx. 15 s T2: Time for opening the bursting bridge and for commutating the current to the fuse element approx. 85 s T3: Melting time of the fuse element approx. 500 s T4: Arc duration iA: Tripping criteria are reached (instantaneous value and di/dt). iB: Current at beginning of fuse element's melting iC: Let-through current

i
iC

iB iA

T0

T1T2 T3

T4

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Is-limiter Application Is-limiter mounted in bus section

Advantages:

Improving power quality Increasing the reliability of the system Reduction of the network-impedance Optimal load flow Existing busbar system and cabling have not to be changed

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Is-limiter Application Is-limiter in generator feeder

Advantages:

Generator can be connected independent on the shortcircuit capability of the system Existing busbar and cable systems have not to be changed No need of expensive generator breaker

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Is-limiter Application Is-limiter in parallel to reactor

Advantages:

Avoid copper losses of the reactor Avoid voltage drop of the reactor No electromagnetical field of the reactor Greenhouse aspects (CO2 and heating)

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Is-limiter Application Connection of a generator to a network with current-direction comparison

Advantages:

Private / industrial generator feeder can be connected to the fully loaded grid Selective tripping of the IS-limiter (IS-limiter will operate only for short-circuit faults in the grid 1 ; will not operate in the grid 2 )

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Is-limiter Application Is-limiter with summation of currents

Advantages:

Only IS-limiters close to fault location trip Existing busbar and cable systems have not to be changed Reduction of the network-impedance Optimal load flow Greenhouse aspects (CO2 and heating)

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