ENERGY BUILDING MODELLING

Presented by: NAUSHEEN FATIMA M.Arch Medical Architecture

ABOUT THE STUDY

This study will illustrate one example of how an architect can use Energy
Plus to design a net-zero energy building on paper.

First architect begin with energy saving strategies within his control:

layout, orientation, solar shading, building materials, glazing, and day

lighting.

After minimizing energy usage, architet use E+ to calculate the area of photovoltaic panels required to reach net-zero energy and other
energy saving strategies requirements.

Introduction To Energy Building And Energy Modeling Needs

A Non Zero Energy Building (NZEB) refers to a building with a zero or negative net energy consumption over a typical year

In general It implies that the energy demand for heating and electrical power is reduced, and this reduced demand is met on an annual basis from a renewable-energy supply. The grid is used to supply electrical power when there is no renewable power available, and the building will export power back to the grid when it has excess power generation. This two-way flow should result in a net-positive or zero export of power from the building to the grid.
Energy consumed in-buildings accounts for 40% of the energy used worldwide, and the measures and changes in the building can yield substantial savings in energy consumption.

The NZEB/PEB design concept is a progression from passive sustainable design

Zero-energy or even positive-energy buildings are becoming a high priority for

multi-disciplinary researchers and have been recently discussed by energy policy experts: as on April 23, 2009 the EU Parliament has requested that by 2019 all new buildings to conform to zero-energy and emission standards (European Parliament, 2009).

Architects can speak qualitatively about their ideas but cannot present quantitative data to support their arguments. But With the introduction of Energy Plus (E+), Open Studio, and other energy simulation soft wares it is possible for Architects to create Energy Models to test their ideas and build data

to support their arguments.

VARIOUS STRATEGIES Improvement of the building fabric, i.e. improvement of insulation, increase of thermal mass, cooling materials, phase change materials, etc. Innovative shading devices. Incorporation of high efficiency heating and cooling equipment, Pumps combined with geothermal energy or solar collectors, solar air-conditioning, etc. Use of renewables (solar thermal systems, buildings integrated photovolatics, hybrid systems, etc.).

Use of intelligent energy management, i.e., advanced sensors, energy control (zone heating and cooling) and monitoring systems.

Buildings are complex systems and detailed simulation is needed to take into account the actual climate data, geometries, building physics,

HVAC-systems, energy-generation systems, natural ventilation, user

behavior (occupancy, internal gains, manual shading), etc. towards a zero or positive energy approach.

Essential ingredients for the successful development and operation of net

zero- and positive-energy buildings (NZEB/PEB) are: Thermal simulation models, that are accurate representations of the

building and its subsystems;

Sensors, actuators, and user interfaces Integrated control and optimization tools

NZEB/PEB performance is measured and evaluated using various indicators : net primary energy consumption

net energy costs

carbon emissions

Net Energy Produced (ENEP)

Net energy produced is the energy available from renewable sources over a period of time after subtraction of the energy required for the building operation over the same period. ENEP= 0 ; in case of zero energy building

ENEP > 0 ; in case of positive energy building

Calculation and maximization of the NEP is almost exclusively used in the design and pre-implementation phases of current PEB/NZEB

projects.
Nevertheless, there are a number of parameters that cannot be a prior ascertain and differ during operational conditions, unpredictable user actions that adversely affect energy efficiency such as

unnecessary operation of the lighting or the HVAC systems,

opening and closing of windows, setting of the setback temperature too high or too low; influence of prevailing weather conditions on the thermal behavior

of the building;

In real-time operation of a NZEB, a coupling mechanism of the energy

production and energy requirements can yield significant benefits since:

The energy production installation may not be extremely oversized to cover the buildings energy and indoor environmental quality

requirements and therefore the initial investment costs may be

decreased. The energy production can be maximized by suitable decisions, i.e.

MPPT (maximum power point tracking).

The extra energy produced in a specific period may either be used for storage and coverage of the peak demand in the proceeding period or

can be injected into the grid under specific conditions. Extreme weather conditions can be met on a yearly basis with suitable
control actions.

LAYOUT & BASELINE ENERGY USAGE

Layout And Orientation : starting points of an energy efficient design and elements used to determine the baseline of any building typology.
TYPE O: With its limited access to natural light, type 'O' is not an ideal building type to use with many sustainable strategies. Type I: the type 'I' building does not appear to be energy efficient in this initial study, it does possess qualities that enable it to benefit from sustainable strategies such as access to natural light and a large South elevation that can employ solar shading to control heat gain. With no sustainable strategy employed, Solar orientation has a substantial impact on energy usage for directional buildings. This is most dramatic when applied to the type I' Bar Building . When the North-South facing bar building was rotated 90 deg. to face East-West , the overall energy usage increased by 11.5%

BASELINE ENERGY USAGE

ENERGY USE (MJ/m2) COOLING (MJ/m2) HEATING (MJ/m2) LIGHTING (MJ/m2)

Type 'O' 10 HVAC Zones Type 'I' Baseline Bar Building 8 HVAC Zones, Facing North & South
Type 'I' Bar Building Facing East and West

318.29

203.85

8.63

105.81

369.18

244.42

18.95

105.81

417.07

292.46

18.80

105.81

In warm and temperate climates, shading is an effective strategy for reducing energy usage. Energy Plus can help a designer calculate the most effective sunshade configuration. This study uses as its baseline model a building with standard office glazing: ribbon windows with 30" sill height and 9' head height all around the building. Exterior windows used in the model are double glazed insulated windows with 6mm green tinted glass (SHGC= .049) and 13mm aargon filled air space.

SOLAR SHADING

Energyplus Model Of Type 'I' Building With Sunshades

ENERGY USAGE OF VARIOUS SHADING STRATEGIES

ENERGY USE (MJ/m2) Baseline, Bar Building
(C1) South Sunshades (C2) Sunshades: south, East, & West (C3) South Sunshades 50% Smaller Windows East & West

COOLING (MJ/m2) 244.42

192.40

HEATING (MJ/m2) 18.95

21.38

LIGHTING (MJ/m2) 105.81

105.81

369.18
319.58

313.57
312.11

185.86
184.50

21.90
21.79

105.81
105.81

Table C compares the E+ results of three shading strategies to the baseline building (BI). Model (C1) utilizes only 30" deep sunshades along its South elevation. Shading the South elevation improves the building's energy efficiency by 13%. Model (C2) and (C3) illustrate two different strategies for shading the East and West elevations. Horizontal sun shades are only partially effective when used on the East & West elevations. The low sun angles of the morning and late afternoon sun make it all but impossible for horizontal shading devices to block out heat gain and glare. Model (C2) employs 30" deep sunshades on the East & West elevations and model (C3) uses no sunshades but reduces the size of East & West windows by 50%. In this study, reducing East & West window size (C3) outperforms sunshades. Overall, this study shows that an effective shading strategy can improve energy performance by 15%

Sample modeling

Chosen software to demonstrate 0 energy modeling

EnergyPlus (E+) is an energy simulation software developed by the Department of Energy to help design professionals calculate the energy usage of buildings. AND OpenStudio is a free plug-in for Google Sketch up 3D modeling software that allows designers to build building geometry for EnergyPlus. Or Design Builder To built building geometry for energy plus

Building selected for modeling

Construction Yard- F/O Architecture And Ekistics, J.M.I

Step 1- collecting necessary architectural drawings

A typical floor plan

Step 2- simplification of plans

Step 3-Saving the dxf format for DB

Step3-Importing in DB

Final Design Builder Model

Exporting to Energy plus for model simulation

Video showing the steps involved

Energy plus simulation

Simulation run window

Energy plus launch window

Result HTML

Result HTML

Electric End Uses Of The Current Building Situation

INSTALLING PHOTO VOLTAIC PANELS

COPYING PANELS FROM THE EXAMPLE FILE OF PV GENERATORS OF ENERGY PLUS

RESULTS AFTER INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS

Negative electricity indicates a positive energy building or zero energy building

Importing The IDF File To Sketch Up Open GL For Scaling Of PV Panel

IDF Import

PV panel

Scaling Of The Panel To Get Desired Electric Load

Scaling

Area Of Panel For Installation

Various other strategies can also be installed accordingly