BI 10: XC NH NNG DUNG DCH TRC TIP

T DN IN
I. Phng php:
1. Xc nh nng mui ca nc mn, nc l bng o dn
mn ca nc bin l tng hm lng cc mui ha tan, thng dao ng trong khong
3%. mn ca nc bin, nc sng ph thuc vo vj tr a l cng nh ma v l
thng s quan trng trong quan trc thy vn. Phng php n gin nht xc nh mn
ca nc l o dn. mui c xc nh da vo ng chun v phi nm trong
khong xc nh ca ng chun.
ng chun thng c dng ng vi dn in mt nhit quy chiu, thng
l 250C. Nh vy khi o dn ca nc xc nh mn th dn cn c quy
chiu v 250C. Do thnh phn chnh ca nc bin, nc l l NaCl nn c th coi h s
nhit ca dn ca nc bin, nc l l h s nhit ca dung dch NaCl (2%).
dng ng chun cn pha cc dung dch mui c nng bit trc v o dn
in ring ca chng. Cc dung dch mui c pha t cc dung dch c ban u (dung
dch Stock). Th tch dung dch stock cn pha dung dch long hn c tnh nh sau:

Trong V, d v C% l th tch, t trng v nng dung dch cn pha; V s, ds v Cs%

l th tch, t trng v nng dung dch stock.
Nng %
0
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16

T trng
200C
0.99823
1.00534
1.01246
1.02680
1.04127
1.05589
1.07068
1.08566
1.10085
1.11621

250C
0.99695
1.00409
1.01112
1.02530
1.03963
1.05412
1.06879
1.08365
1.09872
1.11401

300C
0.99571
1.00261
1.00957
1.02361
1.03781
1.05219
1.06676
1.08153
1.09651
1.11171

400C
0.99219
0.99908
1.00593
1.01977
1.03378
1.04798
1.06238
1.07699
1.09182
1.10688

18
20
22
24
26

1.13190
1.14779
1.16395
1.18040
1.19717

1.12954
1.14533
1.16140
1.17776
1.19443

1.12775
1.14285
1.15883
1.17511
1.19170

1.12218
1.13774
1.15358
1.16971
1.18614

Trong khong nng nh c th coi t trng dung dch ph thuc tuyn tnh vo nng
. Ngha l nu x1 < x < x2 th
dx = d1 + ( d d1) .(d2 d1/ x2- x1)
khong nng nh ph thuc gia dn in ring vo nng c th coi l tuyn
tnh. khong nng ln tnh tuyn tnh khng m bo nn phi dng ng chun phi
tuyn.
2. Xc nh tch s tan ca cht in ly t tan
Tch s tan ca cht in ly t tan CaSO4, BaSO4, c xc nh nh o dn in
ca dung dch bo ha. Nng ng lng ca dung dch bo ha theo biu thc:

l dn in ring ca nc ct dng chun b dung dch ,

l dn in

ring ca dung dch bo ha. Da vo phng trnh in ly tnh nng mol t nng
ng lng CM, sau tnh tch s tan Ksp.
III. Ha cht v dng c
KCl 0.1M

My o dn

Cc 50ml, 250ml

NaCl

Cn phn tch

Pipet, buret, bnh tia, nhit k

CaSO4

My khuy t

Bnh nh mc 100ml, 250ml

IV. Thc nghim

1. Chun b cho th nghim
Ra sch dng c th nghim, trng bng nc ct.

Ra sch in cc nhiu ln bng nc ct,cho n khi dn ca nc ra xung

di 2

cm-1.

Ghi nhn dn ca nc ct dng pha dung dch, lu nc ct phi c dn

di 2

cm-1.

Lu : ch dng nc ct cho th nghim.

2. Hiu chnh my
Ly 10ml dung dch KCl 0.1M cho vo bnh nh mc 100ml. Thm nc n
vch nh mc c dung dch chun KCl 0.01M.

a nhit quy chiu ca my o dn v 250C.

a h s nhit ca dn v 1.91%.
Ly khong 40ml dung dch KCl 0.01M va pha vo cc 50ml. Trng in cc
nhiu ln.

b dung dch . Ly li 50ml dung dch chun KCl 0.01M, o v ghi dn .

Ghi nhn hng s in cc K1.

Tnh hng s in cc mi K2 theo biu thc

= K1.

Chnh hng s in cc v gi tr K2 va tnh c.

Chnh h s nhit v 0 dn in hin th l dn nhit th nghim.

3. o mn ca nc
Cho chnh xc 250ml nc ct vo cc, thm 27.66g NaCl. Khuy u cho tan ht
c dung dch NaCl 10,0%.
n nhit cho dung dch v nc ct, ch cho chng tr v nhit phng mi tip
tc th nghim.
Da trn t trng ca dung dch NaCl hy tnh v pha 100ml cc dung dch c nng
0.500%, 1.00%, , 4.00%. Ghi s liu dng pha long vo bng.
Nng dung dch u:
T trng dung dch u:
C%
T trng
Vdd / ml
100

100

..

100

Vdd u / ml
Hiu chnh h s nhit v 2%.

Ra sch in cc bng nc ct cho n khi dn ca nc ra xung di 2

cm-1.

o dn ca tng dung dch , bt u t dung dch long nht nh sau. t nh

giy lau vo y ca in cc thm kh in cc. Tuyt i khng a giy lau
vo trong in cc. a in cc vo dung dch sao cho dung dch ngp l trn
thnh in cc. Trng in cc vi ln bng cch nng ln v h in cc xung.
Ch n khi n nh mi ghi nhn gi tr dn v nhit vo bng.

Nng (%)
Nhit (0C)
(Scm-1)
Ch : tin hnh o dn t dung dch long n dung dch c
Pha 500ml dung dch NaCl 1.00%. T dung dch ny pha 100ml cc dung dch
vi nng t 0.900% n 0.100% . Nng dung dch cch nhau 0.1%. Lm
tng t nh bc 3.

Ra sch in cc bng nc ct cho n khi dn ca nc ra xung di 2

cm-1.

Lp li bc 6 cho cc dung dch va pha.

o dn in ca cc mu nc m PTN c. Nh ra sch in cc trc khi o.

Dng th ph thuc

cho 2 chui dung dch . Dng phn mm Excel

x l s liu, tm phng trnh hi quy ph hp nht cho tng chui dung dch v
h s tng quan ca ng hi quy.
T 2 phng trnh hi quy hy nhn xt v ph thuc gia dn in ring v
nng .
Pha cc dung dch c nng nm trong khong cho php ca ng chun. Xc
nh mn ca cc mu va pha. So snh nng pha v nng xc nh.

 Xc nh mn mu nc PTN.
4. Xc nh tch s tan ca cht t tan

Ra sch in cc bng nc ct cho n khi dn ca nc ra xung di 2

cm-1.

Hiu chnh h s nhit: tan ph thuc vo nhit nn chun b dung dch bo

ha nhit no th ha tan s ng vi nhit . V vy cn phi xc nh
dn nhit th nghim. Do h s nhit c chnh v 0.
o dn in ca nc ct. Ghi nhn dn in

trn 2

ca nc. Nu dn in

cm-1 th nc ct khng tt, khng m bo yu cu ca th nghim.

Cho khong 3g CaSO4 vo cc 250ml. Thm khong 100ml nc ct. Khuy bng

my khuy t 5 pht. Gn b dung dch. Ly li khong 200ml nc ct. Khuy 20

pht. Lc ly tm ly dung dch hay lng.
o v ghi nhn dn in ring

v nhit ca dung dch bo ha.

Tra dn in ng lng cc i ca CaSO4 iu kin chun. Tnh dn

in ng lng cc i nhit th nghim. H s nhit ca dn ca CaSO4

. H s nhit ca dn ca CaSO4 l 1.99%
Tnh nng ng lng ca dung dch bo ha.
Vit phng trnh in ly. Suy ra tng quan gia nng mol v nng ng
lng. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch bo ha v tch s tan.