Ancient Flood Legends with Close Correspondencies to the Noachian

Region Civilization Sumerian Babylonian Middle East Middle Babylonian Neo-Assyrian NeoBabylonian Greek Roman Lithuanian Europe Translvanian Gypsy Vogul of Eastern Europe Celt Welsh Icelandic Destruction by water Legend of Ziusudra (2000 BCE; AT 42-44) Epic of Gilgamesh (2000 BCE; AT 93-95) Atrahasis Epic (12th/11th Cent. BCE; AT 104, 105) Atrahasis Epic (9th-7th Cent. BCE; AT 105, 106) Xisuthrus Account by Berossus (3rd C. BCE; BHist, 4, 54 & 55) Deucalion Acct. by Apollodorus (2nd Cent. BCE; Apollo, 1, 7, 2) Deukalion Account by Lucian (2nd Cent. CE; Lucian, 12; also Plutarch) Deucalion Account by Ovid (1st Cent. BCE; Meta 1, 113-347) Lithuanian Flood Account (FL 176) Gypsey Flood Account (FL 177) Vogul Flood Account (FL 178) Celtic Flood Legend (Primal 172173) Legend of Dwyfan and Dwyfach (FL 175) Legend of Bergelmir (13th Cent. CE in the Younger Edda; FL 174) Legend of Manu (b. 6th Cent. BCE; in the Satapatha Brahmana; FL 183) Legend of Manu (b. 5th Cent. BCE; in the Mahabharata; FL 185) Legend of Manu (4th Cent. BCE; in the Matsyu Purana; FL 187) Legend of Satyavrata (4th C. BCE; in the Bhagavata Purana; FL 189) Legend of Manu (4th Cent. BCE; in the Agni Purana; FL 191) Deluge Account (FL 193) Flood Account (FL 194) Flood Account (FL 195) Flood Account (FL 195) Fire-flood Account (FL 196) Flood Account (FL 198) Flood Account (FL 198) Shan Flood Account (FL 199-203) Destruction by water Flood Account (FL 208) Flood Account (FL 208) Account of origin of mankind and its salvation through a flood (FL 209) Flood account (FL 211) Flood account (DAsia) Flood Account (FL 209) Flood account (FL 212) Flood account (FL 216) Flood account (FL 220) Flood account (FL 221) Caused by men killing large serpent Sent by god Pirman Sent by god Tiandi (Sky-Earth) for mans Caused by crab fighting a kite bird Sent by godlike Tsegu-dzih for badness wickedness Sent by storm-god for lack of sacrifices Divine cause A sage, Lip-long, warned by water god Warning given Sent by God to drown a jackal Sent by god Sing Bonga for incest Sent by god Sing Bonga for badness Fire-rain sent by God for punishment Sent by gods for lack of proper sacrifices Giants slew father & blood flooded all The lake Llion burst and flooded all lands Gods slew gaint Ymir & blood flooded all Divine cause Sent by the gods Sent by the great gods Warning given Ziusudra warned Utnapishtim warned by god Atrahasis warned by god Atrahasis warned by god Ea Xisuthrus warned by god Cronus Deucalion warned by Prometheus (a Titan) Few humans spared Ziusudra Utnapishtim, wife, family, kin & craftsmen Atrahasis Atrahasis, wife, family, relations & craftsmen Xisuthrus, wife, children & closest friends Deucalion, wife & men who fled to Grk mounts Deukalion, his wives and children Deucalion and his wife A few pairs of humans Old man warned 2 giants warned the other giants A Titan warned two humans & made ship Old man, his wife and kinfolk Some giants A pair of humans Dwyfan and his wife Dwyfach Bergelmir and his wife Manu warned by fish Manu warned by fish Dissolution of universe a cosmic cycle Universe dissolved by Brahmas sleep Universe dissolved by Brahmas sleep Manu warned by god Janardana as a fish Satyavrata warned by Vishnu as a fish Manu warned by Vishnu as a fish Pious man warned by fish Original human pair heard of flood Manu alone Manu and 7 sages Manu and all living Satyavrata (in the office of Manu) and 7 sages Manu and the sages A pious man and his sister Son and daughter of original human pair 16 people A brother and sister Pilchu Haram & Pilchu Budhi, first humans Khun litang, Chu liyang and their wives A man and a woman Lip-long Few humans spared 2 brothers Pawpaw Nan-chaung and sister Chang-hko The father of the human race A man and a woman Some humans and demiurge, Gun A brother and a sister Du-mu and his 4 sons A remnant of people Trow and wife A few people

An

Livin of th

Bea

Bea of th Wild all 4

Sent by the god Zeus

Cou that

Sent by the god Zeus Sent by the god Pramzimas Sent by the gods

Deucalion warned

Som

Anim

Non crea

Mal all c

All t

Ancient Indian

All l

All e

The

Bhil India Kamar Ho (Larka Kol) Munda (Mundari) Santal Singpho Anal Ahom Region Civilization Karen of Burma Singpho of Burma Bannav of Cambodia Benua-Jakun of Malaysia China Bahnar of China Lolo of China Kamchadal of China Islands off Asia Dyak of Borneo Ot-Danom of

A co

A co

An

9 co

Asia

Wild

A pa anim Otte and

Dog othe

Borneo Batta of Sumatra, Indo Toradja of Sulawesi, Indo Alfoor of Seram, Indo Rotti near Timor, Indo Nage of Flores, Indo Ata of the Philippines Ami of Formosa Tsuwo of Formosa Bunun of Formosa Andamanese Australia Kurnai of Victoria Aborigine of Victoria Lifou, New Caledonia Fijian Tahitian Pacific islands Raiatean in Tahiti Hawaiian Samoan Palauan Indian, Cape Frio, Brazil Coroado of Brazil Jibaro of Peru Araucanian of Chile Ackawois of Guyana Arawak of Guyana Macusi of Guyana Tamanaque of Venezuela Muysca of Colombia Caari of Ecuador Indian, Huarochiri, Peru Indian, Ancasmarca, Peru Incan of Peru Chiriguano of Bolivia Carib of the Antilles Indian of Panama Indian of Mexico (1) Indian of Mexico (2) Indian, Michoacan, Mexico Huichol of Mexico Cora of Mexico Tarahumara of

Flood account (FL 218) Flood account (FL 222) Flood account (FL 223) Flood account (FL 223) Flood account (FL 224) Flood account (FL 225) Flood account (FL 226) Flood account (FL 227) Flood account (FL 230) Flood account (FL 233) Flood account (FL 234) Flood account (FL 235) Flood account (FL 568) Flood account (FL 237) Flood account (FL 242) Flood account (FL 244) Flood account (HFT 20-22) Flood account (FL 249) Flood account (FL 253) Flood account (FL 255) Flood account (FL 256) Flood account (FL 260) Flood account (FL 262) Flood account (FL 263) Flood account (FL 265) Flood account (FL 265) Flood account (FL 266) Flood account (FL 267) Flood account (FL 268) Flood account (FL 269) Flood account (FL 269) Flood account (FL 269) Flood account (FL 272) Flood account (FL 281) Flood account (FL 273) Flood account (FL 273) Flood account (FL 274) Flood account (FL 275) Flood account (FL 277) Flood account (FL 279) Flood account (FL 280)

Sent by Creator, Debata Seram is near the Celebes

Last human pair not drowned Pregnant woman 3 people Man, wife and their children A man, Dooy Two men and a woman

Preg

Pig, and

Sent by gods as vengeance on others Caused by crab and snake fighting Sent by Creator Puluga for disobedience Sent by Creator Bundjel

Sura and Nakao, brother and sister All the Tsuwo A few people Two men and two women A man and two or three women A man and a woman A man, Noi

Sna goa

Sent by god Ndengei

8 people A man and his wife

Chic

Sent by sea-god Ruahatu Sent by god Kane Sent by god Tane Sent by gods

The god warned a fisherman The god warned Nuu

Fisherman, his wife, child, and friend Nuu, his wife, his 3 sons and their wives Tiu, 3 men, women

Dog

Dog

The gods warned a woman The god Tupi warned Tamanduare

A woman Tamanduare and his family People of Coroado tribe Man and 2 sons A few people Sigu, son of the god Makonaima Marerewana and his family A man A man and woman

All a

South America

Sent by god Aiomun Kondi Sent by good spirit Makunaima because Sent by offended god Chibchachum

Aiomun Kondi warned Marerewana the evil spirit gained the upper hand

A ra

People 2 brothers A llama warned the man Sheep warned the shepherd 1 man Shepherd and his 6 children A man and a woman

Man and

She

Central America and Mexico

Sent by god AguaraTunpa Sent by Master of Spirits

Warned by god Tunpaete

2 babies A few A man, his wife and their children A man, Coxcox, and a woman, Xochiquetzal A man, Nata, and his wife, Nena Tezpi, his wife and their children A man A man A small boy and girl

Warned by god Titlacahuan Warned by the earth goddess Nakawe Warned by the earth goddess Nakawe

Anim

A fe bec Dog wom

North America

Africa

Mexico Papago of Arizona Pima of Arizona (1) Pima of Arizona (2) Luiseo of California Smith River Indian, Calif. Maidu of California Skokomish (Twanas), Wa Spokane, Washington Nez Perce, Pacific NW, US Cayuse, Oregon Indian of Lousiana Mandan of the Dakotas Cherokee of the Eastern US Delaware of Delaware Eskimo of Greenland Innu (Montagnais) of Canada Saulteaux of Canada Ojibwa of US, Canada Ojibwa of Ontario Timagami Ojibwa of Canada Ottawa of Canada Cree of US, Canada Tlicho (Dogrib) of Canada Dene (Hare) of Canada Chipewyan (Tinneh), Can Tsuu Tina (Sarcee), Can Gwichin (Loucheux), Ak/Can Tsimshian of Alaska, Can Kwakiutl of Brit Columbia Kaska of British Columbia Statimc (Lillooet), BC Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), Ca Eskimo, Norton Sound, Ak Masai of East Africa

Flood account (FL 281) Flood account (FL 282) Flood account (FL 282) Flood account (FL 289) Flood account (FL 290) Flood account (FL 290) Flood account (FL 323) Flood account (FL 323) Flood account (FL 323) Flood account (FL 323) Flood account (FL 291) Flood account (FL 292) Flood account (FL 294) Flood account (FL 295) Flood account (FL 328) Flood account (FL 295) Flood account (FL 297) Flood account (FL 301) Flood account (FL 305) Flood account (FL 307) Flood account (FL 308) Flood account (FL 309) Flood account (FL 310) Flood account (FL 310) Flood account (FL 312) Flood account (FL 313) Flood account (FL 314) Flood account (FL 319) Flood account (FL 320) Flood account (FL 568-569) Flood account (FL 321) Flood account (FL 322) Flood account (FL 326) Flood account (FL 330) A sea monster caused flood by its tail A sea monster caused flood by its tail Sent by God to punish giants Sent by god Siuuhu (Elder Brother)

Coyote warned Montezuma Eagle warned prophet who didnt listen Warned by Earth Doctor, the Creator

Montezuma Szeukha, son of the Creator Several persons Few persons One pair of humans Two indians Some people A man and his wife A man and his wife A man and his wife A small number of people One man

Coy

Coy bird

Warned by a dog

A single family A few persons A man

God warned a man

A man Medicine man, Wis-kaytchach Menaboshu Nenebojo Nenebuc, son of the Sun Nanaboujou Wissaketchak, a magician Tchapewi

All a not

2 an kind

All k

Kunyan (Wise Man) warned others The old man warned others Rocking his canoe caused the flood

Kunyan, his wife and their son An old man A man and a woman Etroetchokren (the Mariner) Some Tsimshians Some Indians Some people Ntcinemkin, his family, and children of others 3 brothers Few people

Pair and Pair and Pair and

Som

All s anim

Coy

Few

God warned 2 men

2 men

All a fem

References: Apollo The Library by Apollodorus of Alexandria, 2nd Century BCE, translated by James Frazer AT Ancient Near Eastern texts Relating to the Old Testament edited by James B. Pritchard, Princeton, New Jersey, 1992 BHist Babylonian History by Berossus, 278 BCE, translated by G.P. Verbrugghe and J.M. Wickersham DAsia A Dictionary of Asian Mythology by David Leeming, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001, 2002 FL Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend & Law by Sir James George Frazer, vol. 1, 1918, MacMillan, London, England HFT Hawaiian Folk Tales A Collection of Native Legends compiled by Thos. G. Thrum, Chicago, A. C. McClurg & Co., 1907 Lucian The Syrian Goddess by Lucian of Samosata, 2nd Century CE, translated by by Herbert A. Strong and John Garstang, 1913 Meta Metamorphoses by Ovid, 1st Century BCE Primal Primal Myths by Barbara C. Sproul, Harper Collins, New York, 1979