Completing the Square

Completing the Square

Completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form Ax2 + Bx + C to the form A(...........)2 + k In this context, "constant" means not depending on x. The expression inside the parenthesis is of the form (x constant). Thus one converts ax2 + bx + c to A(x h)2 + k and one must find h and k. Completing the square is used in :- solving quadratic equations, - graphing quadratic functions Know More About :-Power of Numbers

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- evaluating integrals in calculus, - finding Laplace transforms. Relation to the graph :(x h)2 + k or a(x - h)2 + k

Graphs of quadratic functions shifted to the right by h = 0, 5, 10, and 15. Graphs of quadratic functions shifted upward by k = 0, 5, 10, and 15. Graphs of quadratic functions shifted upward and to the right by 0, 5, 10, and 15. In analytic geometry, the graph of any quadratic function is a parabola in the xy-plane. Given a quadratic polynomial of the form (x h)2 + k or a(x - h)2 + k

the numbers h and k may be interpreted as the Cartesian coordinates of the vertex of the parabola. That is, h is the x-coordinate of the axis of symmetry, and k is the minimum value (or maximum value, if a < 0) of the quadratic function. In other words, the graph of the function (x) = x2 is a parabola whose vertex is at the origin (0, 0). Therefore, the graph of the function (x h) = (x h)2 is a parabola shifted to the right by h whose vertex is at (h, 0), as shown in the top figure. In contrast, the graph of the function (x) + k = x2 + k is a parabola shifted upward by k whose vertex is at (0, k), as shown in the center figure. Combining both horizontal and vertical shifts yields (x h) + k = (x h)2 + k is a parabola shifted to the right by h and upward by k whose vertex is at (h, k), as shown in the bottom figure. Geometric perspective :- Consider completing the square for the equation x2 + bx = a, Since x2 represents the area of a square with side of length x, and bx represents the area of a rectangle with sides b and x, the process of completing the square can be viewed as visual manipulation of rectangles. Simple attempts to combine the x2 and the bx rectangles into a larger square result in a missing corner. The term (b/2)2 added to each side of the above equation is precisely the area of the missing corner, whence derives the terminology "completing the square" Read More About :- Math long Division

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