Sampling of continuous signals review and extension

Impulse sampling
xc (t )
F
t

X c ( j)

x p (t ) F

X p ( j )
1 T
s m s

T 2T
xd [n]

X d (e j )
DTFT
1 2

1 T

mT

s1

Reconstruction
X d ( e j )
1 T
2

m
X p ( j )
1 T

X c ( j )

m
r1

Aliasing of signals

Let x0 (t ) = cos(2 f 0t ) x1 (t ) = cos(2 f1t ) where f 0 = 40 Hz , f1 = 20 Hz. Let f s = 60 Hz.

a1

Aliasing of signals

a2

Aliasing of signals
X c ( j)

X p ( j )

No aliasing
s m s

X p ( j )

Aliasing
s
a3

s s m

Anti aliasing filter

Aliasing
X c ( j)

Anti aliasing filter

X c ( j)

X p ( j)

X p ( j)

s s m

s s / 2

a4

Sampling of narrowband signals

-W B

- WA

WA

W B

- p
n1

Sampling of narrowband signals

- W - WA B

WA W B

- p
n2

Discrete time signal processing of continuous time signals

xc (t )
H ( j) yc (t )

xc (t )

C/D

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j )

yc (t )

h1

Discrete time signal processing of continuous time signals

Yc ( j) = X c ( j) H ( j )
A

X c ( j)

= /T

s =

2 T

= T
X d (e j )

Yd (e j ) = X d (e j ) H d (e j )
1 T A

1 T 2

cT

mT

h2

Zero Order Hold

hZOH (t )

T
z1

Zero Order Hold

1 T

H ZOH ( j)

X p ( j)
s
Analog compensation

c m s

s c m

m c

Digital compensation

z2

T T m m

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

T = 1, W= w

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Narrowband interference example

xc (t )
H a ( j)
C/D
1 0.5 0 -1.5

xd [n]

H d (e )

yd [ n ]

D/C

H r ( j)

yc (t )

Original

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

1 0.5 0 -1.5

Analog filter:

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

Sampled:

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Digital filter:
z3

1 0.5 0

-8

-6

-4

-2

Decimation

d1

Aliasing in decimation

d2

Interpolation

d3

Changing sampling rate by a rational factor

d4