, , H,Ag

+1
Bi, Al
+3
: +2
:
Fe
+2, +3
Cu
+1, +2

AMETA
F, Cl, Br, I
O, S
N, P

-1
-2
-3

OH-1
3-1
2-1
SO4-2
SO3-2
CO3-2
4-3
3-3
CN-1

ClO-1
ClO2-1
ClO3-1
ClO4-1
BrO2-1
BrO3-1
MnO4-1
CrO4-2
Cr2O7-2

( )
25 ( 3)
23 ( 2)
SO3 ( H2SO4)
SO2 ( H2SO3)
CO2 ( H2CO3)
P25 ( 3P4)
P23 ( 3P3)

. 2008 2009

2 ( )
CaO ( Ca(OH)2 )
Al2O3 ( Al(OH)3 )
...

3 + Cl NH4Cl
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
+ H2O
+ H2O
..
25 + H2O 23
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

, , Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt,
Au

F, Cl, Br, O, I, S

. 2008 2009

: , , ()2, Ca(OH)2

+.
+
+
4

AgCl, PbCl2, CuCl,Hg2Cl2

AgBr, PbBr2, CuBr,Hg2Br2

AgI, PbI2, CuI,Hg2I2
K2CO3,Na2CO3,(NH4)2CO3
a (
)
34,34,(4)34
(
)
2S,Na2S,(NH4)2S,CaS,BaS,MgS
(
)
F, F, 4F, AgF
(
)

HF, HCl, HBr, HI, HCN, NH3, CO2, SO2

2CO3,
CO2 + H2O
2SO3,
SO2 + H2O
N4OH,
NH3 + H2O

. 2008 2009