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DigitalPreDistortion MicroApps
DigitalPreDistortion MicroApps
Agenda
Digital PreDistortion----Principle Crest Factor Reduction Digital PreDistortion Simulation Digital PreDistortion Hardware Verification
Pout
Input Power
Output Phase
Desired Output
o-pd = k out
Linear Output
Pi
Pi-pd
Input Power
The most important step is to extract PA nonlinear behavior accurately and efficiently.
z (n) = akq y (n q ) y (n q )
k =1 q = 0
k 1
a = (U H U ) 1U H z
a = a10 ,L, a K 0 ,L, a1Q ,L, a KQ
y (n q) y (n q ) u kq (n) = G G
k 1
u kq = u kq (0), u kq (1),L , u kq ( N 1)
If you can reduce the Peak-to-Average Ratio of the signal, then for a given amplitude Peak, you can raise the Average power (up & to the right, above) with no loss in signal quality. Thus, CFR enables higher PA efficiency by reducing the back-off, often by 6dB
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2010 8 SystemVue DPD Jinbiao XU May 26, 2010
G2 Gain=1
A
0+0*j
A2 BlockSizes=300;300 [[Half_UsedCarriers, Half_UsedCarriers] ] zeros Value=0 [0+0* j]
D PD_LTE_C FR_Post Pr oc rf e
FFT
FFT
nput i
out put
DPD_ Rad iu s C p i l
FFT
nput i
G3 Gain=1
D1 Bandwidth=BW 10 MHz [Bandwidth ] OversamplingOption=Ratio 4 [OversamplingOption] CyclicPrefix=Normal [CyclicPrefi] x UE1_MappingType=0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 [UE 1_MappingType] OtherUEs_MappingType=0;0;0;0;0 [OtherUEs_MappingType] RS_EPRE=-25 [RS_EPR E] PCFICH_Rb=0 [PCFICH_R] b PHICH_Ra=0 [PHICH_R] a PHICH_Rb=0 [PHICH_R] b P BCH_Ra=0 [PBCH_ a R] P BCH_Rb=0 [PBCH_ b R] PDCCH_Ra=0 [PDCCH_ a R] PDCCH_Rb=0 [PDCCH_ b R] PDSCH_PowerRatio=p_B/p_A = 1 [PDSCH_P owerRa] t o i UEs_Pa=0;0;0;0;0;0 [UEs_Pa ] PSS_Ra=0 [PSS_ a R] SSS_Ra=0 [SSS_ a R] EVM_Threshold_QPSK=0.1 [EVM_Threshold_QPSK] EVM_Threshold_16QAM=0.1 [EVM_Threshold_16QA M] EVM_Threshold_64QAM=0.1 [EVM_Threshold_64QA M] OutOfBandAlgorithm=Armstrong algorithm
Simulation Results
LTE Downlink 10MHz, Sampling Rate 61.44MHz, QPSK, EVM threshold 10%
Compared with hardware verification tool, simulation tool does not include Step 2 and Step 5. Hardware verification toll will be introduced later.
T
Im Re R6 S4 SampleRate=122.9e+6Hz [SamplingRate]
Cx
Fc
Spe ctrum Ana ly z e r
Env
C3 Fc=2GHz
R4 File='Step3_DPD_Coefficients_Real.tx t Periodic=YES
Fc Env Cx
PA_ IN
PA_ OUT
T
Cx
Fc
Spe ctrum Ana ly z e r
DPD_PreDistorte r
DPD_ In p u t
DPD_PAModel
Env
E1
DPD_PAModel_1
S1 SampleRate=122.9e+6Hz [SamplingRate]
C2 Fc=2e+9Hz [FCarrier ]
Pow10 Math
G28 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=0 [pPowers(1)] M12 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G23 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-1.159 [pPars(1)]
Pow10 Math
G26 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=1 [pPowers(2)] M16 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G22 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=0.917 [pPars(2)]
Pow10 Math
G27 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=2 [pPowers(3)] M15 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G21 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-1.746 [pPars(3)]
Pow10 Math
G24 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=4 [pPowers(4)] M14 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G20 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=0.992 [pPars(4)]
Log10 Math
L3 {Limit@Data Flow Models} K=1 Bottom=0 Top=0.86 [pXmaxVolt] LimiterType=linear M17 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Log10 G25 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=6 [pPowers(5)]
Pow10 Math
M13 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G19 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-0.155 [pPars(5)] A2 {Add@Data Flow Models} PA_OUT {DATAPORT } Data Type=Complex Bus=NO
Phase Mag
P1 {PolarToC x@Data Flow Models}
Phase
Mag
A3 {Add@Data Flow Models} C2 {CxToPolar@Data Flow Models} L2 {Limit@Data Flow Models} K=1 Bottom=0 Top=0.788 [mXmaxVolt] LimiterType=linear
Log10 Math
M2 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Log10 G18 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=0 [mPowers(1)]
Pow10 Math
M3 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G1 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=31.623 [mPars(1)] A1 {Add@Data Flow Models} M1 {Mpy@D ata Flow Models}
Pow10 Math
10e-201
C1 {Const@Data Flow Models} Value=1e-200 G17 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=1 [mPowers(2)] M4 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G2 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-72.068 [mPars(2)]
Pow10 Math
G16 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=2 [mPowers(3)] M5 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G3 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=254.726 [mPars(3)]
Pow10 Math
G15 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=4 [mPowers(4)] M6 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G6 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-1107.963 [mPars(4)]
Pow10 Math
G14 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=6 [mPowers(5)] M7 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G5 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=2956.358 [mPars(5)]
Pow10 Math
G13 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=8 [mPowers(6)] M8 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G4 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-4462.485 [mPars(6)]
Pow10 Math
G12 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=10 [mPowers(7)] M9 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G9 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=3782.968 [mPars(7)]
Pow10 Math
G11 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=12 [mPowers(8)] M10 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G8 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=-1653.647 [mPars(8)]
Pow10 Math
G10 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=14 [mPowers(9)] M11 {Math@Data Flow Models} FunctionType=Pow10 G7 {Gain@Data Flow Models} Gain=281.85 [mPars(9)]
F c
D _C PD oef D _O ut put PD
T
Cx S1 SampleRate=122.9e+6Hz [SamplingRate]
F c
Spec trum Ana ze l r y
Cx
DPD_ Pre Di s to rt r e
D _I nput PD
Cx
E1
C8 Fc =0.2e6Hz
Amplifier1 GainUnit=dB Gain=30 [GaindB] Nois eFigure=0 GCTy pe=none dBc1out=10dBm PdBmNoMem=-30 [PdBmNoMem] PdBmMax Mem=10 [PdBmMax Mem] MaxRis eTC=16.28e-9s [Max RiseTC] Max FallTC=16.28e-9s [Max FallTC]
E4
C2 Fc =2e+9Hz [FCarrier]
vn i
RiseFallTC
v ou t
Mag
Amplifier
Env Fc
Cx Phase
C3 {Cx ToPolar@Data Flow Models}
R1 {Ris eFallTC@SV_VC_TC Models } PdBmNoMem=10 [PdBmNoMem] PdBmMax Mem=30 [PdBmMax Mem] Max Ris eTC=10e-6s [MaxRiseTC] Max FallTC=100e-6s [Max FallTC] RefR=50O [RefR]
Mag Cx Phase Fc
P1 {PolarToCx @Data Flow Models }
Env
Amplifier
output {DATAPORT} Data Ty pe=Env elope Signal Bus =NO A2 {Amplifier@Data Flow Models } GainUnit=v oltage [GainUnit] Gain=1 [Gain]
EVM (dB)
ACLR (dB)
DPD Response
DPD HW Flowchart consists of 5 steps: Step 1 (Create DPD Stimulus) is to download waveform (LTE or User defined) into ESG/MXG. Step 2 (Capture DUT Response) is to capture both waveforms before power amplifier and after power amplifier from PSA/MXA/PXA by using VSA89600 software. Step 3 (DUT Model Extraction) is to extract PA nonlinear coefficients based on both captured PA input and PA output waveforms and then to verify DPD by using PA nonlinear coefficients. Step 4 (DPD Response) is to download the waveform (LTE or User Defined) after predistorter (by using PA nonlinear coefficient from Step 3) into ESG/MXG, this real signal passes through the PA DUT, capture PA output waveform from PSA/MXA/PXA by using VSA89600 software. Step 5 (Verify DPD Response) is to show the performance improvement after DPD.
SystemVue DPD Jinbiao XU May 26, 2010
Agilent MXG/ESG
10MHz Reference
PSA/MXA/PXA
External Trigger
PSA/MXA/PXA
Attenuator
DPD Verification AM-AM This step is to extract PA nonlinear coefficient from the PA input and PA output waveform and get the coefficients of the DPD model.
This step is to verify the performances of the DPD (including spectrums of the DUT output signal w/ and w/o DPD, EVM and ACLR).
References
Lei Ding, Zhou G.T., Morgan D.R., Zhengxiang Ma, Kenney J.S., Jaehyeong Kim, Giardina C.R., A robust digital baseband predistorter constructed using memory polynomials, Communications, IEEE Transactions on, Jan. 2004, Volume: 52, Issue:1, page 159-165. 2. Lei Ding, Digital Predistortion of Power Amplifiers for Wireless Applications, PhD Thesis, March 2004. 3. Roland Sperlich, Adaptive Power Amplifier Linearization by Digital Pre-Distortion with Narrowband Feedback using Genetic Algorithms, PhD Thesis, 2005. 4. Helaoui, M. Boumaiza, S. Ghazel, A. Ghannouchi, F.M., Power and efficiency enhancement of 3G multicarrier amplifiers using digital signal processing with experimental validation, Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, June 2006, Volume: 54, Issue: 4, Part 1, page 1396-1404. 5. H. A.Suraweera, K. R. Panta, M. Feramez and J. Armstrong, OFDM peak-to-average power reduction scheme with spectral masking, Proc. Symp. on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, pp.164-167, July 2004. 6. Zhao, Chunming; Baxley, Robert J.; Zhou, G. Tong; Boppana, Deepak; Kenney, J. Stevenson, Constrained Clipping for Crest Factor Reduction in Multiple-user OFDM, Radio and Wireless Symposium, 2007 IEEE Volume , Issue , 9-11 Jan. 2007 Page(s):341- 344. 7. Olli Vaananen, Digital Modulators with Crest Factor Reduction Techniques, PhD Thesis, 2006 8. Boumaiza, et a, On the RF/DSP Design for Efficiency of OFDM Transmitters , IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 7, July 2005, pp 2355-2361. 9. Boumaiza, Slim, Advanced Memory Polynomial Linearization Techniques, IMS2009 Workshop WMC (Boston, MA), June 2009. 10. Amplifier Pre-Distortion Linearization and Modeling Using X-Parameters, Agilent EEsof EDA 1.