Seminar: Activities for Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFR) in Generation IV S i A ti iti f L d l dF tR t i G ti International Forum (GIF) Tamachi Campus, Tokyo

Institute of Technology, Tokyo. Tokyo November 9, 2012 9

Data Related to LFR

Minoru Takahashi
Center for Research into Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems (CRINES) Tokyo Institute of Technology y gy
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PhaseDiagramofLeadbismuthAlloy
Pure lead

44.5wt%Pb-55.5wt%Bi 44 5 t%Pb 55 5 t%Bi

1/5

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

PhaseDiagramofLeadbismuthAlloy

Bismuth (Bi) - Ore with Bi contents of 5 - 25% is rare - Abundant in Bolivia Tasmania Peru Spain Bolivia, Tasmania, Peru, - Proven reserved in the world: 260,000t

Issue of Polonium (Po)

ProductionofPo210fromBi209 Bi209+ n Bi210 Po210 Pb206 +n Bi210:decay,T1/2=5day Po210:decay(5.3MeV), T1/2=138.4day / Contamination,leakandexposureofPo210: IfPo210leakscontaminatefloorsandairasaerosol,gaseous If P 210 l k t i t fl d i l Po,Pohydrate,internalexposure ispossible inmaintenance. Po210measure: 1.ConfinementofPo210bymeansofquicksolidificationof PbBiandapplicationoflacqueronthesurfaceofthesolid PbBi. 2.RemovalofPo10bymeansofbakingandfiltering 2 Removal of Po 10 by means of baking and filtering
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NitrideFuel(PuN,UN)
Properties suitable for LFR design
- High Density - High thermal conductivity - High Melting Point 2780C g g
Isotopes N14 Abundanceinnature(%) 99.63 0.37

Issues

Na15

- N-14 C-14 (Radioactive) - High enrichment of N-15 required - Recycling of N-15 required Pyrochemical reprocessing (Dry reprocess with molten salt) is suitable for recycling ith lt lt) i it bl f li

Problem
- Decomposition of PuN UN occurs above certain temperature PuN,
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Fast F t neutron t
6

Enriched N-15 is preferable for nitride fuel because N-14 is converted to radioactive C-14 in Core

Fast neutron
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Abundance of Pb and Na isotopes

Isotopes Abunda ncein nce in nature (%) Pb204 Pb206 Pb207 Pb208 Pb210 1.4 24.1 22.1 52.4 Halflife(y) Decay Productof type decay Crosssection(b) Scattering (102eV 1MeV) (n,2n) 10 15MeV

1.4x1017 Stable Stable Stable 22.3

Hg200

10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2

Hg206,Bi210

Isotopes Isotopes Abundancein nature(%) (%) Bi209 100 Na22 Na23 Na24 Na25

Abundance innature (%) 100

Halflife

2.6y 15.0h 60s

-Pb-208 h hi h Pb 208 has high performance due to its low capture cross section ( (see GLABAL 2011 Paper p No.398761) -Pb-208 is the final stable nucleus in Th decay chain -Pb-206 i low activation Pb 206 is l ti ti coolant (see ICONE-8385)
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NuclearDataofPb,PbBiandNa
(700K,Neutronenergyof0.5MeV) 45%Pb Pb207 Pb208 55%Bi Scatteringcrosssection Scattering cross section (b) Capturecrosssection(b) Meanfreepathin scattering(cm) Slowingdown power (cm1) Moderatingratio( ) Moderating ratio () 7.5 75 2x103 4.5 0.0021 36 8 4x103 4.1 0.0023 19 7 1x103 4.7 0.0020 67 Na 4 8x104 11.2 0.0075 422

PropertiesofPb,PbBiandNa
Pb Density((kgm3)at427C Meltingpoint(C) l ( ) Boilingpoint(C) 10,480 327 1,737 45%Pb55%Bi 45%Pb 55%Bi 10,210 124 1,670 Na N 849 98 880
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Vapor Pressure of Pb-Bi p

( (Pa) 10-2 Pb Bi Pb-Bi 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 200
1.9x10 (520C)
-3

S Saturatio vapo press on or sure

7x10 (270C) 1.7x10 (260C)

-6

-6

1.3x10 (235 C) 1 3x10-6 (235C)

300 400 500 Temperature t (C)

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Density of Pb, Pb-Bi and PbO y

12000 (kg/m ) m 11500 11000 10500 10000 Pb-Bi: =10730-1.22t 9500 9000 100 PbO: PbO =9350kg/m 9350k / at 550C 200
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M.P.(C) B.P.(C) Pb-Bi: 123.5 1670 Pb: 327.4 1737 PbO: 886 Pb: =11072-1.2t

Density y

300 400 500 600 Temperature t (C)

700
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Cross sections of Na-23

Scattering

Capture

Inelastic scattering

Fast neutron

12

Ref JENDL4 0 ( http://wwwndc jaea go jp/jendl/j40/J40 J html )

Cross sections of Pb-206

Scattering

Pb-206 is low activation coolant (see ICONE-8385)

Inelastic scattering Capture C t

Fast neutron

13

Ref.JENDL4.0(http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/jendl/j40/J40_J.html)

Cross sections of Pb-207

Scattering S tt i

Capture

Inelastic scattering

Fast neutron

Ref.JENDL4.0(http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/jendl/j40/J40_J.html)

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Cross sections of Pb-208

Scattering
-Pb-208 has high Pb 208 performance due to its low capture cross section (see GLABAL 2011 Paper No.398761) ) -Pb-208 is the final stable nucleus in Th decay chain

Inelastic scattering

Capture Fast neutron

Ref.JENDL4.0(http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/jendl/j40/J40_J.html)

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Cross sections of Bi-209

Scattering

Capture

Inelastic scattering

Fast neutron

Ref.JENDL4.0(http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/jendl/j40/J40_J.html)

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Oxyge poten en ntial in Pb-Bi GOx (kJ/g atm O) g

Dependence of Corrosion Rate on Oxygen Concentration in Pb and Pb-Bi

Liquid metal corrosion Transition
200 16Cr11Ni3Mo 15Cr11Ni3SiMoNb 100 100 200

-100 100

(1/3)Bi2O3

PbO
-150

Corrosio depth ( m) on

300

300

Oxidation

Oxidation dept ( m) th

-200

10-4 10-5 -6 6 10 -7 10 -8 10
concentration Co ( t %) (wt.%)

(1/4)Fe3O4 Oxygen
-250 250

10

-10

10

-9

Oxygen concentration (wt%)

10

-8

10

-7

10

-6

10

-5

10-4

-300

Oxide formation potential Go (1/3)Cr2O3

400

500 600 Temperature (C)

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Solubility of Oxygen in Pb and 45%Pb-55%Bi

1 10-1

Oxyge solu en ubility Cs (wt% %)

10-2 10-3 10-4 10

-5

Pb-Bi: Pb Bi: logCs=1.2-3400/T

Pb: logCs=3.2-5000/T

10-6
7 10-7

T: Absolute temperature (K)

10-8 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Temperature t (C)

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Solubility of Ni, Cr and Fe in Pb-Bi

103 So olubilitie of metals C (wt% es m %) 102 101 100 10-1 10
-2

Ni: logC 1 53 843/T Ni l CNi=1.53-843/T

Cr: logCCr=-0.02-2280/T

3 10-3

10-4 10
-5 -6 6

Fe: logCFe=2.1-4380/T ( ) T (K)

10 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Temperature t (C)

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Formation of oxides

2Pb+O22PbO 4Bi+3O2 2Bi2O3 Bi2O3+3Pb 3PbO+2Bi Pb+H2O PbO+ H2

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ReactionofAllayerwithFeforcorrosionresistance

Magnetic transformation

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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ReactionofAllayerwithFeforcorrosionresistance

Magnetic transformation

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Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

ReactionofAllayerwithCrforcorrosionresistance

Magnetic transformation

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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DependenceofOxygenSolubility inFe,FeandLiquidPhase onOxygenPartialPressure

logC o (at%) = 0.5 log Po2 5.12 + 9150 / T log (at%) l C o ( %) = 0.5 l Po2 4.15 + 8130 / T log logC o (at%) = 0.5 log Po2 1.81 + 6120 / T g ( ) g where P (P ) T (K) h (Pa),

(900 1391C) (1391 1527C) (1550 1700C)

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Feoxidationlayerforcorrosionresistance

Wustite (Fe1xO)

Magnetictransformation Magnetic transformation

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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Feoxidationlayerforcorrosionresistance

Magnetite Wustite (Fe1xO)

Hematite

Magnetic transformation f

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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Feoxidationlayerforcorrosionresistance

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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Fe-O

Feoxidationlayerforcorrosionresistance

Magnetictransformation Magnetic transformation

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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ReactioninAlcoatingforcorrosionresistance

Twoliquidphases

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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Fe-Al

FeAlalloycoatingforcorrosionresistance

Magnetic transformation Coherent Coherent equilibrium

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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Fe-Al

FeAlalloycoatingforcorrosionresistance
Phase diagram of Fe - Al (10 - 50at%) system

m : - Fe (ferromagnetic), n : - Fe (paramagnetic) 2 : FeAl (B2 type), 1n : Fe3O 4 (paramagnetic) 1m : Fe3Al (ferromagnetic)

Long and short dashed line : Magnetic transformation temperature

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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ReactioninAlcoatingforcorrosionresistance

Twoliquidphases

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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SolutionofNiinPb

Magnetictransformation

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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SolutionofNiinBi

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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ReactionofSiinSioxidecruciblewithPb

Twoliquidphases

Monotectic reactionsystem

Ref.Nigen Gokin Jotaizu Shu,AGNEGijutsu Center,2001(inJapanese)

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