The Contribution Migrant Domestic Workers Make To The Global Economy

The Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant The ContributionMigrant The Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant The
Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant Migrant The Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make Domestic Workers make The Contributionmake The ContributionMigrant Migrant Domestic to the Global Economy to the GlobalEconomy to the GlobalEconomy to the Global Workers make to the Global Workers make to Domestic Economy to the Global Economy to the Global Economy the Global Economy Domestic Economy to byZaida T.T. Cenzon by Zaida the Global Economy to T.Cenzon to Cenzon by by ZaidaT.Cenzon by Zaida T.Cenzon byZaida T. T. Cenzon by Zaida T. Cenzon by Zaida the Global Economy Zaida T. Cenzon by Zaida
by Zaida T. Cenzon by Zaida T. Cenzon
Development and Presentation ofResearch Skills Development and Presentation of Research Skills Development and Presentation Research Skills Development and Presentation ofofResearchSkills Development and Presentation of of ResearchSkills Development and Presentation of ResearchSkills Development and Presentation of Research Skills Development and Presentation Skills Development and Presentation Research Skills
Accredited Community Empowerment Course: Accredited Community Empowerment Course: Accredited Community EmpowermentCourse: Accredited Community Empowerment Course: Accredited Community Empowerment Course: Accredited Community EmpowermentCourse: Accredited Community Empowerment Course: AccreditedCommunity Empowerment Course: Course: Accredited Community 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 Accredited Community Empowerment Course: Accredited Community Empowerment Course:
Development and Presentation of Research Skills Development and Presentation of Research Skills
2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012
2011-20 2011-2
Photo by: Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by: Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by: Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by:InternationalDomesticWorkers(ISM), Liverpool, 30 Oct.Oct. 2011 Photo by: InternationalDomestic Workers (J4DW)Liverpool, 30 2011 Photo by:Justice Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by:Justice Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by: Justice Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo to Justice 4DomesticMuseum (J4DW) Justice Slavery Museum (ISM), Trip totoJustice 44444 SlaveryWorkers (J4DW)Liverpool, 30 Oct. 2011 Trip by:International Slavery Museum (ISM), Trip TripsponsoredISMISM Slavery Museum (ISM), Liverpool, 30J4DW 2011 Trip totoInternationaland Fundraising Educational Trip of30 Oct. 2011 Trip totoInternationalFundraising EducationalLiverpool,J4DW20112011 TripInternational andSlaveryMuseum (ISM), Liverpool, 3030 Oct. Trip toby by and Slavery Museum (ISM), Liverpool,Oct. 2011 to International Slavery Museum (ISM), Trip International Slavery Museum (ISM), Trip ofof Oct. 2011 International Fundraising Educational Trip 30 sponsored by ISM Slavery Museum (ISM), Liverpool, J4DW Oct. sponsored sponsored bybyISMISMFundraising Educational Trip of J4DW sponsored bybyISMand Fundraising Educational Trip ofof J4DW sponsored ISMISMand Fundraising Educational Trip J4DW sponsored byISM and Fundraising Educational of J4DW sponsored and Fundraising Educational Trip J4DW sponsored byand and Fundraising
Photo by: Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Photo by: Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Trip toto International Slavery Museum (ISM), Liverpool, 30 Oct. 2011 Trip International Slavery Museum (ISM), Liverpool, 30 Oct. 2011 sponsored by ISM and Fundraising Educational Trip ofof J4DW sponsored by ISM and Fundraising Educational Trip J4DW
Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
Apart from my effort, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement Apart from my effort, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement Apart from my effort, the others. Iof anythis opportunity to express my encouragement and guidelines of many success take project depends largely on the gratitude to the and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the and guidelines of been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I to the people who have many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude would people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I would people who have been instrumental to my successful completion of inspiration I doing like to extend my sincerest gratitude in the family who have been my this project.for would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to my family who have been my inspiration for doing like to extend work. Above all thanks to our Almightyhave been my inspiration for doing this research my sincerest gratitude to my family who God for giving me the knowledge this research work. Above all thanks to our Almighty God for giving me the knowledge this research for the strengthall thanks to our Almighty God for giving me the knowledge and wisdom, work. Above and guidance to finish successfully this research work. and wisdom, for the strength and guidance to finish successfully this research work. and wisdom, for the strength and guidance to finish successfully this research work. This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. This research project would not have been possible without the support of many Unit for Thanks to the African Educational Trust, Sarah Menzies of the Evelyn Oldfield people. Thanks to the African Educational Trust, Sarah Menzies of the Evelyn Oldfield Unit for Thanks ourthe African Educational Trust, Sarah Menzies ofsession. funding to research project and to my fellow tutors in each the Evelyn Oldfield Unit for funding our research project and to my fellow tutors in each session. funding our research project and to my fellow tutors in each session. To my mentor, Katie Hunter and Margaret Healy ssl who are kind hearted people and To my mentor, Katie Hunter and Margaret Healy ssl who are kind hearted people and To my mentor, Katie Hunter and Margaret supportssl who are kindMy deepest gratitude abundantly helpful and offered assistance, Healy and guidance. hearted people and abundantly helpful and offered assistance, support and guidance. My deepest gratitude abundantly helpfulmembers of Justice for Domesticand guidance. My whose knowledge is also due to the and offered assistance, support Workers, without deepest gratitude is also due to the members of Justice for Domestic Workers, without whose knowledge is also due to the members of not have Domestic Workers, without whose knowledge and assistance this study wouldJustice forbeen possible. and assistance this study would not have been possible. and assistance this study would not have been possible. Special thanks also to Marissa Begonia, co-ordinator of J4DW for the support and Special thanks also to Marissa Begonia, co-ordinator of J4DW for the support and Special thanks and for sharing everything to make this research possible. support and encouragement also to Marissa Begonia, co-ordinator of J4DW for the Marissa has encouragement and for sharing everything to make this research possible. Marissa has encouragement and for sharing everything to make this research possible. Marissa has always been there for me and is my best friend. always been there for me and is my best friend. always been there for me and is my best friend. Also, I would like to thank my colleagues at Unite the Union and Kalayaan for providing Also, I would like to thank my colleagues at Unite the Union and Kalayaan for providing Also, I would like to thank and colleagues at Unite the Union and Kalayaan for providing me with some information my facilities for doing research work. me with some information and facilities for doing research work. me with some information and facilities for doing research work. Finally, I thank and appreciate my colleagues who have willingly helped me to develop Finally, I thank and appreciate my colleagues who have willingly helped me to develop Finally, I thank conclusion. the project to itsand appreciate my colleagues who have willingly helped me to develop the project to its conclusion. the project to its conclusion.
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Migrant Domestic Workers in the Global Economy Migrant Domestic Workers in the Global Economy Migrant Domestic Workers in the Global Economy
Contents Page Contents Page Contents Page

Contents Page2 Contents Page2 Contents Summary3 ExecutivePage2 Executive Summary3 Executive Summary3 Chapter 1..5 Chapter 1..5 Chapter 1..5 (i) Central Aim5 (i) Central Aim5 (i) Central Aim5 (ii) The purpose of research6 (ii) The purpose of research6 (ii) Literature review.....7 (iii) The purpose of research6 (iii) Literature review.....7 (iii) Methodology..13 (iv) Literature review.....7 (iv) Methodology..13 (iv) Ethical Considerations..14 (v) Methodology..13 (v) Ethical Considerations..14 (v) Ethical Considerations..14 Chapter 2 Research Findings...........................................................................16 Chapter 2 Research Findings...........................................................................16 2 Research Findings...........................................................................16 Chapter 3 Discussions......................................................................................20 Chapter 3 Discussions......................................................................................20 3 Discussions......................................................................................20 Chapter 4..........................................................................................................22 Chapter 4..........................................................................................................22 Chapter 4..........................................................................................................22 (i) Conclusions..22 (i) Conclusions..22 (i) Recommendations..23 (ii) Conclusions..22 (ii) Recommendations..23 (ii) The strength and limitations of your research24 (iii) Recommendations..23 (iii) The strength and limitations of your research24 (iii) The strength and limitations of your research24 Bibliography...25 Bibliography...25 Bibliography...25 Appendices....26 Appendices....26 Appendices....26
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As a migrant domestic worker myself and with the domestic worker visa under threat of As a migrant domestic worker myself and with the domestic worker visa under threat of As a migrant domestic worker myself and with the MDWs make to the global economy. being abolished I wanted to see what contribution domestic worker visa under threat of being abolished I wanted to see what contribution MDWs make to the global economy. being abolished I wantednumber what contribution MDWs make to the global economy. I decided to interview a to see of domestic workers and to see in this small way if in I decided to interview a number of domestic workers and to see in this small way if in I decideddo make a contribution to the global economy. There arein this small way if in fact they to interview a number of domestic workers and to see 14 domestic workers fact they do make a contribution to the global economy. There are 14 domestic workers fact they do make of whom come from around the There are 14 the Philippines, in my survey all a contribution to the global economy.world includingdomestic workers in my survey all of whom come from around the world including the Philippines, in my survey Lanka, India, Nigeria, from around the world including the Philippines, Indonesia, Sri all of whom come Brazil, Morocco and Pakistan. I interviewed eleven Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Nigeria, Brazil, Morocco and Pakistan. I interviewed eleven Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Nigeria, Brazil, Morocco and Pakistan. I interviewed sent to personally and the other three I asked them to respond to the questionnaire I eleven personally and the other three I asked them to respond to the questionnaire I sent to personally and the other three I asked them to respondato the questionnaire results of them by Facebook. I also interviewed an additional 9 in Focus group. The I sent to them by Facebook. I also interviewed an additional 9 in a Focus group. The results of them by Facebook.that MDWs do in fact additionalsignificant contribution Thethe global my survey shows I also interviewed an make a 9 in a Focus group. to results of my survey shows that MDWs do in fact make a significant contribution to the global my survey shows that MDWs do in fact make a significant contribution to the global economy. economy. economy. My survey identified that 12 of the 14 employers are professionals earning good My survey identified that 12 of the 14 employers are professionals earning good My survey identified that 12 of Insurance and spending professionals United Kingdom. salaries, paying tax and National the 14 employers are money in the earning good salaries, paying tax and National Insurance and spending money in the United Kingdom. salaries, paying tax and National Insurance and spending money in the United Kingdom. They are free to do this because they have domestic workers to care for their children They are free to do this because they have domestic workers to care for their children They are the housework. In my survey domestic employers, I discovered that 30 and to dofree to do this because they haveof the 14 workers to care for their children and to do the housework. In my survey of the 14 employers, I discovered that 30 and to are looked after by In my domestic the 14 childrendo the housework. migrant survey of workers.employers, I discovered that 30 I also identified that the duties children are looked after by migrant domestic workers. I also identified that the duties childrenout by the domestic workers include: cleaning, cooking, identified that the duties carried are looked after by migrant domestic workers. I also ironing, gardening, child carried out by the domestic workers include: cleaning, cooking, ironing, gardening, child carried out by the domestic to school and the dogs walking. ironing, gardening, child minding, taking the childrenworkers include: cleaning, cooking, They worked from 8 -13 minding, taking the children to school and the dogs walking. They worked from 8 -13 minding, taking the of them worked and the some without They Two in from 8 -13 hours a day. Most children to schoolovertime, dogs walking. pay. worked the survey hours a day. Most of them worked overtime, some without pay. Two in the survey hours apart-time. worked day. Most of them worked overtime, some without pay. Two in the survey worked part-time. worked part-time. The employers in my survey come from the Far East, the Middle East, West Africa and The employers in my survey come from the Far East, the Middle East, West Africa and The employers in my survey come from the Far East, the Middle East, West Africa and Latin America. Latin America. Latin America. The domestic workers come mainly from the Far East, Latin America and Africa clearly The domestic workers come mainly from the Far East, Latin America and Africa clearly The domestic workers come mainly from the Farthe world economy. All of Africa clearly showing the internationality and global aspect of East, Latin America and the domestic showing the internationality and global aspect of the world economy. All of the domestic showing in my survey makeand global aspect of the living and working inof the domestic workers the internationality the necessary sacrifice world economy. All the UK mainly workers in my survey make the necessary sacrifice living and working in the UK mainly workers in my survey make the necessary sacrifice living and working in the UK mainly because in this way they can earn money and support their families. because in this way they can earn money and support their families. because in this way they can earn money and support their families.
Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary
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As part of this survey it was important for me to learn how the money earned by the As part of this survey it was important for me to learn how the money earned by the As part of this survey it was important for me to learn how the money earned 250 migrant domestic workers is spent. I discovered that they send home from by the migrant domestic workers is spent. I discovered that they send home from 250 migrant each month. This money is used to feed, educate and support their families in 1,000 domestic workers is spent. I discovered that they send home from 250 1,000 each month. This money is used to feed, educate and support their families in 1,000 each month. This UK the money to feed, educate and clothing, transportation their home country. In the money is used is spent on rent, food,support their families in their home country. In the UK the money is spent on rent, food, clothing, transportation their etc. home country. In the UK the money is spent on rent, food, clothing, transportation etc. etc.
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Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Chapter 1:

Central aim Central aim Central aim
My main reason for carrying out this research is to show that migrant domestic workers My main reason for carrying out this research is to show that migrant domestic workers My main reason for carrying out this research is to show As of now MDWs in the UK make a significant contribution to the global economy. that migrant domestic workers make a significant contribution to the global economy. As of now MDWs in the UK make basic rights as workers specifically a right to change employer. MDWs also have As of now They in the UK have a significant contribution to the global economy. have basic rights as workers specifically a right to change employer. They also have have basic rights as workers specifically a right doesnt pay employer. They also them access to the Labour Courts when the employer to change their wages or denies have access to the Labour Courts when the employer doesnt pay their wages or denies them access to the proper working hours. The government is about to introduce new holidays and Labour Courts when the employer doesnt pay their wages or denies them holidays and proper working hours. The government is about to introduce new holidays withdrawing those rights. Under the new legislation MDWs coming to the UK legislationand proper working hours. The government is about to introduce new legislation withdrawing those rights. Under the new legislation MDWs coming to the UK legislation withdrawing be given a Under allows legislation MDWs coming to the UK with their employer will those rights.visa thatthe newthem only six months. They will not with their employer will be given a visa that allows them only six months. They will not with their employer will be given a visa that allowseven when they are badly treated not be allowed to change employer. This means that them only six months. They will i.e. be allowed to change employer. This means that even when they are badly treated i.e. be allowed to change employer. This means that even when they are badly treated i.e. not paid wages, sleeping on the floor, being physically or mentally abused they wont not paid wages, sleeping on the floor, being physically or mentally abused they wont not paid wages, sleepingTheythe floor, being physically the mentallyat the end of the six have access to redress. on will be expected to leave or country abused they wont have access to redress. They will be expected to leave the country at the end of the six have access togovernment says that domestic work in the country household of the six months. The redress. They will be expected to leave the private at the end is low or months. The government says that domestic work in the private household is low or months. The government says it and that there are in the private household is low or non-skilled, that anyone can do that domestic work plenty people here in the UK who non-skilled, that anyone can do it and that there are plenty people here in the UK who non-skilled,work anyone can do it unemployment.are plenty people here in the contrary will do this that thereby reducing and that there But, I hope to show that the UK who will do this work thereby reducing unemployment. But, I hope to show that the contrary will docase.work thereby reducing unemployment. But, I hope to show that the contrary is the this is the case. is the case. As a migrant domestic worker myself, I know that not many people want to do live-in As a migrant domestic worker myself, I know that not many people want to do live-in As a migrant domestic worker having the right to not many people very important in domestic work. I also know thatmyself, I know thatchange employer iswant to do live-in domestic work. I also know that having the right to change employer is very important in domesticbeing able to know that having the right to change employer isI very importantwe terms of work. I also access the rights MDWs now have as workers. also feel that in terms of being able to access the rights MDWs now have as workers. I also feel that we terms of important work both thecaring for children havedoing all the Ihouseholdthat we do very being able to access in rights MDWs now and as workers. also feel tasks. do very important work both in caring for children and doing all the household tasks. do very important work both in caring for children and doing all the household tasks. This enables the employers go out to work. This enables the employers go out to work. This enables the employers go out to work. From the focus group, this emerged: MDWs seldom avail benefits because for them as From the focus group, this emerged: MDWs seldom avail benefits because for them as From the focus group, this emerged: MDWs seldom avail benefits because for them as long as they have work they could support themselves and their families. On the other long as they have work they could support themselves and their families. On the other long as they have work they could mostly high poweredand their families. On the other hand they free employers who are support themselves professionals. MDWs pay tax hand they free employers who are mostly high powered professionals. MDWs pay tax hand they free employers who are mostlyworkers are therefore major contributor to the and national insurance. Migrant domestic high powered professionals. MDWs pay tax and national insurance. Migrant domestic workers are therefore major contributor to the and national insurance. Migrant domestic workers are therefore major contributor to the economy and society. economy and society. economy and society.
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(ii) The purpose of your research (ii) The purpose of your research (ii) The purpose of your research I decided to carry out this research because
I myself am a domestic worker and a I decided to carry out this research because I myself am a domestic worker and a I decided a carry out this research because I myself am a domestic The and a member ofto domestic workers organisation, Justice 4 Domestic Workers.workerpresent member of a domestic workers organisation, Justice 4 Domestic Workers. The present member of a domestic workers organisation, Justice 4 visa which will take away all the Government is planning to change the domestic workerDomestic Workers. The present Government is planning to change the domestic worker visa which will take away all the Government is planning to enjoyed by domestic worker workers. will legislation all be rights as workers presently change the migrant domestic visa whichThis take away willthe rights as workers presently enjoyed by migrant domestic workers. This legislation will be rights as workers presently 2012. This then will have serious This legislation future introduced on the 6th Aprilenjoyed by migrant domestic workers. implications for will be introduced on the 6th April 2012. This then will have serious implications for future introduced on the 6th April 2012. to ThisUK. Under the new legislation the government migrant domestic workers coming the then will have serious implications for future migrant domestic workers coming to the UK. Under the new legislation the government migrant domestic workers coming workers Under the new legislation the visa without is proposing that migrant domesticto the UK.will be admitted on a six month government is proposing that migrant domestic workers will be admitted on a six month visa without is proposing that migrant domestic workers will be admitted on a six month visa without the right to change employer. At the end of the six months the domestic worker will have the right to change employer. At the end of the six months the domestic worker will have theleave to change employer. At the end of thedifficult for the employer, worker willso for to right the country which will make life very six months the domestic but more have to leave the country which will make life very difficult for the employer, but more so for to leave the country herself. Very often domestic workers get into debt but more so for the domestic worker which will make life very difficult for the employer, going abroad to the domestic worker herself. Very often domestic workers get into debt going abroad to the domestic worker herself. Very often domestic as they go abroad. Many employers work and are expected to repay loans etc as soon workers get into debt going abroad to work and are expected to repay loans etc as soon as they go abroad. Many employers work and are expected to repaywhile in the UK, and so the worker gets into more debt dont pay their staff any salary loans etc as soon as they go abroad. Many employers dont pay their staff any salary while in the UK, and so the worker gets into more debt dont paythe family at home will while difficulty surviving. the worker gets into more debt and also their staff any salary have in the UK, and so So, the domestic worker will be and also the family at home will have difficulty surviving. So, the domestic worker will be and also the family at home will have difficulty surviving.up and they will goworker will be forced to leave their employer before the six months is So, the domestic underground forced to leave their employer before the six months is up and they will go underground forced to leave their employer beforeof course is bad both forthey will go underground and work as undocumented. This the six months is up and the worker and for the and work as undocumented. This of course is bad both for the worker and for the and work The undocumented. have access to any rights or benefits e.g. health care, the society. as worker will not This of course is bad both for the worker and for etc society. The worker will not have access to any rights or benefits e.g. health care, etc society. become criminalised i.e. working without the right to do so in the UK. care,new and will The worker will not have access to any rights or benefits e.g. health The etc and will become criminalised i.e. working without the right to do so in the UK. The new and will become criminalised work wont without the right or NI for them UK. The new employer with whom they will i.e. workingbe able to pay taxto do so in the as they will be employer with whom they will work wont be able to pay tax or NI for them as they will be employer with whom they will work and wontableable to declare that. them as they will be employing undocumented workers wont be be to pay tax or NI for employing undocumented workers and wont be able to declare that. employing undocumented workers and wont be able to declare that. The government says that migrants are taking British jobs and that domestic workers are The government says that migrants are taking British jobs and that domestic workers are The or non-skilled andthat migrants are taking British jobs and that domestic workers and low government says that anybody can do this job. They only want the brightest are low or non-skilled and that anybody can do this job. They only want the brightest and low or non-skilled and that anybody can do thisreduce net migration frombrightest and richest migrants in this country. They want to job. They only want the hundreds of richest migrants in this country. They want to reduce net migration from hundreds of richest migrants in this thousands. Essentiallyreduce net migration from hundredsthe thousands to tens of country. They want to migrants are being blamed for of thousands to tens of thousands. Essentially migrants are being blamed for the thousandscrisis. economic to tens of thousands. Essentially migrants are being blamed for the economic crisis. economic crisis. Through my research I want to show that migrant domestic workers rather than being a Through my research I want to show that migrant domestic workers rather than being a Through my fact making a major contribution to the global economy. liability are inresearch I want to show that migrant domestic workers rather than being a liability are in fact making a major contribution to the global economy. liability are in fact making a major contribution to the global economy.
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(iii) Literature review (iii) Literature review (iii) Literature review Migrant Domestic workers enter the UK in the Overseas Domestic Worker Visa
Migrant Domestic workers enter the UK in the Overseas Domestic Worker Visa Migrant Domestic workers enter the UK in the Overseas Domestic Worker Visa under two categories, one is the domestic worker in private household, they have rights under two categories, one is the domestic worker in private household, they have rights under employment law including right to change employer and right to they have rights under two categories, one is the domestic worker in private household,settlement under under employment law including right to change employer and right to settlement under under employment law including right to domesticemployer and right to settlement under the old system and another one is the change workers in diplomatic household who the old system and another one is the domestic workers in diplomatic household who the old labour rights as of one is the domestic workers in household, they can only have nosystem and another the domestic workers in private diplomatic household who have no labour rights as of the domestic workers in private household, they can only have noemployer diplomat to diplomat employer but private household, they can only change labour rights as of the domestic workers in they do have right to settlement change employer diplomat to diplomat employer but they do have right to settlement change employer diplomat to diplomat employer but6, 2012 all these rights have been after working 5 years continuously in the UK. In April they do have right to settlement after working 5 years continuously in the UK. In April 6, 2012 all these rights have been after working 5 years continuously in the UK. In April 6, 2012 all these rights have been abolished. abolished. abolished. Kalayaan and Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Kalayaan and Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW) Kalayaan and Justice 4 Domestic Workers (J4DW)advice from experts that provide Kalayaan is an organization offering immigration Kalayaan is an organization offering immigration advice from experts that provide KalayaantoisMDWs and campaign for the rights and welfare of MDWs. Many provide an organization offering immigration advice from experts that MDWs services services to MDWs and campaign for the rights and welfare of MDWs. Many MDWs services toat Kalayaan when they first the rights from abusive employers or when they registered MDWs and campaign for escaped and welfare of MDWs. Many MDWs registered at Kalayaan when they first escaped from abusive employers or when they registered at Kalayaan when reasons, Kalayaan from collected employersinformation on change employer for various they first escaped has abusive data and or when they change employer for various reasons, Kalayaan has collected data and information on change employer for various reasons, Kalayaan has collected data and information on what kind of abused. what kind of abused. what kind of abused. Justice for Domestic Workers was established on March 15, 2009. It is an organization Justice for Domestic Workers was established on March 15, 2009. It is an organization Justice for Domestic Workers manage by themselves 15, 2009. It is an individuals. of multi-national MDWs whichwas established on Marchwith the support oforganization of multi-national MDWs which manage by themselves with the support of individuals. of multi-national MDWs which manage by our fellow with the need and individuals. We help, share educate ourselves to supportthemselves MDWs in support ofcampaign to We help, share educate ourselves to support our fellow MDWs in need and campaign to We help, share educate ourselves to support our fellow MDWs and fight the change in improve the living and working conditions of domestic workersin need and campaign to improve the living and working conditions of domestic workers and fight the change in improve the living and working conditions of domestic workers and fight theJ4DW are immigration policy that affect domestic workers. Both Kalayaan and change in immigration policy that affect domestic workers. Both Kalayaan and J4DW are immigration policy thatthe ODWdomestic workers. Both ofKalayaan and the rightsare campaigning to restore affect Visa and the ratification ILO C189 on J4DW of campaigning to restore the ODW Visa and the ratification of ILO C189 on the rights of campaigning to restore the ODW Visa and the ratification of ILO C189 on the rights of domestic workers. domestic workers. domestic workers. Registered MDWs in Kalayaan 2004-2005 Registered MDWs in Kalayaan 2004-2005 Registered MDWs in Kalayaan 2004-2005
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MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2005-2006 MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2005-2006 MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2005-2006
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MDWs Registered at Kalayaa April 2007- March 2008 MDWs Registered at Kalayaa April 2007- March 2008 MDWs Registered at Kalayaa April 2007- March 2008
MDWs registered at Kalyaan 2008-2009 MDWs registered at Kalyaan 2008-2009 MDWs registered at Kalyaan 2008-2009
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MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2010-2011 MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2010-2011 MDWs registered at Kalayaan 2010-2011
The British Government says The British Government says The British Government says They want the brightest and riches migrants in this Migrants are taking British jobs. Migrants are taking British jobs. They want the brightest and riches migrants in this Migrants Domestic workers are low or non-skilled, anyone can doriches migrants in this country. are taking British jobs. They want the brightest and this job. Net migration country. Domestic workers are low or non-skilled, anyone can do this job. Net migration country. Domestic workers are low or non-skilled, anyone can do this job. Netare being is to reduce from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands. Migrants migration is to reduce from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands. Migrants are being is to reduce from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands. Migrants are being blamed for the economic crisis. blamed for the economic crisis. blamed for the economic crisis. My Response My Response My Responsesurvey I have carried out it is clear that British people will not do the work Based on the Based on the survey I have carried out it is clear that British people will not do the work Based on the domestichave carried out it is clear that British people will not do the been that migrants survey I workers do. All migrant domestic workers in the UK have work that migrants domestic workers do. All migrant domestic workers in the UK have been that migrants by their employers so theymigrant domestic workers in the UK have been brought here domestic workers do. All are not taking anybody elses job. Some people brought here by their employers so they are not taking anybody elses job. Some people brought here by do employers so they are not au-pairs come elses job. Some people say au-pairs will theirthis work but we know that taking anybody to the UK for a different say au-pairs will do this work but we know that au-pairs come to the UK for a different say au-pairs come to study but we know that culture. come to only supposed to do purpose theywill do this work the language and au-pairs They are the UK for a different purpose they come to study the language and culture. They are only supposed to do purpose they come toto be treated as a member of theThey areThey should be given light house work and study the language and culture. family. only supposed to do light house work and to be treated as a member of the family. They should be given light house work and to be hand migrant member of the family.highly skilled and multipocket money. On the other treated as a domestic workers are They should be given pocket money. On the other hand migrant domestic workers are highly skilled and multipocket money. OnTheyother hand migrant domestic workers are highly skilledchildren to task all the time. the wash, clean, iron, shop, cook, bring and collect the and multitask all the time. They wash, clean, iron, shop, cook, bring and collect the children to task all and help with the homework. iron,net migration bring and collect the children to school the time. They wash, clean, On shop, cook, which the government wants to school and help with the homework. On net migration which the government wants to school and numbers coming in to the country however under the work permits system for reduce the help with the homework. On net migration which the government wants to reduce the numbers coming in to the country however under the work permits system for reduce the numbers coming in to the country however under the work permits system for
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domestic workers domestic workers domestic survey Kalayaan workers Kalayaan survey Kalayaan survey settlement). settlement). settlement).
it is clear that only small numbers it is clear that only small numbers it is clear that only for settlement. only 0.5% apply small numbers only 0.5% apply for settlement. only 0.5% apply for settlement.
stay in the UK stay in the UK stay 2009 only (In in the UK (In 2009 only (In 2009 only
e.g. according to e.g. according to e.g. according for 750 applied to 750 applied for 750 applied for
Implications for domestic workers if visa is withdrawn: Implications for domestic workers if visa is withdrawn: Implications for domestic workers if visa is withdrawn: 12 of the 14 will be seriously affected by the new legislation (one has ILR and the other 12 of the 14 will be seriously affected by the new legislation (one has ILR and the other 12 of the 14 will be seriously affected by the newbe affected). They won`t havethe other has a diplomatic domestic worker visa so will not legislation (one has ILR and the right has a diplomatic domestic worker visa so will not be affected). They won`t have the right has a diplomatic domestic worker visa so be able be access their rights as workers right to change employer, therefore they won`t will not to affected). They won`t have the e.g. to change employer, therefore they won`t be able to access their rights as workers e.g. to change employer, therefore they won`t be able to their passport or as workers e.g. If the employer doesn`t pay their salary, with-holds access their rightsabuses them they If the employer doesn`t pay their salary, with-holds their passport or abuses them they If the employer to access legal protection with-holds their passport or abuses them they will not be able doesn`t pay their salary, will not be able to access legal protection will not be able to access legal protection If they leave their employer they will become undocumented, without any right to live or If they leave their employer they will become undocumented, without any right to live or If they leave their employer they willwith the new visa will be 6 months, soright to live or work in the UK. The maximum stay become undocumented, without any whether they work in the UK. The maximum stay with the new visa will be 6 months, so whether they work intheir UK. The maximum stay with the new visa will6be 6 months, so whether they leave the employer or stay with them, after the months, they will become leave their employer or stay with them, after the 6 months, they will become leave their employer or stay with them, after the 6 months, they will become undocumented workers undocumented workers undocumented workers This will not only affect their life here in the UK but it will This will not only affect their life here in the UK but it will This willtheir only affect their life go hungry, education will lives of not families, who may here in the UK but it for lives of their families, who may go hungry, education for livesifof their families,won`t may go to access health care. and they get ill they who be able hungry, education for and if they get ill they won`t be able to access health care. and if they get ill they won`t be able to access health care. also seriously impinge on the also seriously impinge on the alsochildren will have to stop the seriously impinge on the the children will have to stop the children will have to stop
According to the responses of the MDW`s in the survey they will be very sad and some According to the responses of the MDW`s in the survey they will be very sad and some According to the responses of the MDW`s in the survey they will be very sad and some expressed they will die. expressed they will die. expressed they will die. The ILO Convention 189, Decent Work for Domestic Workers The ILO Convention 189, Decent Work for Domestic Workers The ILO Convention 189,Organization (ILO)Domestic Workers forward in protecting The International Labour Decent Work for take a positive step The International Labour Organization (ILO) take a positive step forward in protecting The International Labour Organization (ILO) take a positive step forward in protecting domestic workers including children from exploitation, abuse and trafficking This ILO domestic workers including children from exploitation, abuse and trafficking This ILO domestic workers including children from workers was adoptedand trafficking This ILO Convention 189 on the rights of domestic exploitation, abuse last June 2011 and will Convention 189 on the rights of domestic workers was adopted last June 2011 and will Convention 189 on100 million of domestic workers was world. Unfortunate2011 and 16, benefit more than the rights domestic workers in the adopted last June on June will benefit more than 100 million domestic workers in the world. Unfortunate on June 16, benefit more than 100 million domestic workers UK government was one on June 16, 2011 during the adoption of this convention, the in the world. Unfortunate of only eight 2011 during the adoption of this convention, the UK government was one of only eight 2011 during the adoption of this convention, the UK government was one Republic, El countries that abstained from voting in its favour, along with the Czech of only eight countries that abstained from voting in its favour, along with the Czech Republic, El countries that abstained from voting in Sudan and Thailand. Salvador, Malaysia, Panama, Singapore, its favour, along with the Czech Republic, El Salvador, Malaysia, Panama, Singapore, Sudan and Thailand. Salvador, Malaysia, Panama, Singapore, Sudan and Thailand.
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We are moving the standards system of the ILO into the informal economy for the first We are moving the standards system of the ILO into the informal economy for the first We are moving a breakthroughsystem ofsignificance, the informal economy for the first time, and this is the standards of great the ILO into said Juan Somavia, ILO Directortime, and this is a breakthrough of great significance, said Juan Somavia, ILO Directortime, and History breakthrough of great significance, said workers into the fold of our General. this is a is being made. Bringing the domestic Juan Somavia, ILO DirectorGeneral. History is being made. Bringing the domestic workers into the fold of our General. a strong move, for them Bringing the domestic aspire values is History is being made. and for all workers who workerstointo the work,of our decent fold but it values is a strong move, for them and for all workers who aspire to decent work, but it values is a strong move, for them and for all workers for aspire to decent also has strong implications for migration and of coursewhogender equality, work, but it also has strong implications for migration and of course for gender equality, also has strong implications for migration and of course for gender equality, This is a truly major achievement, said Manuela Tomei, Director of the ILOs This is a truly major achievement, said Manuela Tomei, Director of the ILOs This is Conditionsaoftruly majorEmployment Programme, calling Tomei, Director ofrobust, yet Work and achievement, said Manuela the new standards the ILOs Conditions of Work and Employment Programme, calling the new standards robust, yet Conditions of Work added that the Programme, calling the new standards robust, yet flexible. Ms. Tomeiand Employment new standards make clear that domestic workers flexible. Ms. Tomei added that the new standards make clear that domestic workers flexible. Ms. Tomei added that the new family, but workers. And after today workers are neither servants nor members of the standards make clear that domesticthey can are neither servants nor members of the family, but workers. And after today they can arelonger be considered second-class the family, but workers. And after today they can no neither servants nor members of workers. no longer be considered second-class workers. no longer be considered second-class workers. http://www.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/100thSession/media-centre/presshttp://www.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/100thSession/media-centre/presshttp://www.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/100thSession/media-centre/pressreleases/WCMS_157891/lang-releases/WCMS_157891/lang-releases/WCMS_157891/lang-en/index.htm?t=dXNlcmlkPTY2ODEsZW1haWxpZD0yMQ%3D%3D en/index.htm?t=dXNlcmlkPTY2ODEsZW1haWxpZD0yMQ%3D%3D en/index.htm?t=dXNlcmlkPTY2ODEsZW1haWxpZD0yMQ%3D%3D The Recruitment & Employment Confederation (REC) The Recruitment & Employment Confederation (REC) The Recruitment & Employment Confederation (REC) The Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC) is the professional body The Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC) is the professional body The Recruitment and Employment Confederation19.7 billion the professional body dedicated to representing the interests of the UKs (REC) is recruitment industry in dedicated to representing the interests of the UKs 19.7 billion recruitment industry in dedicated to representing the interests Commission and billion recruitment industry in Parliament, Whitehall, and the Europeanof the UKs 19.7 to press and opinion formers. Parliament, Whitehall, and the European Commission and to press and opinion formers. Parliament, Whitehall, and the European Commission and to press and opinion formers. REC represent 3,750 Corporate Members, with more than 7,700 branches, and 5,550 REC represent 3,750 Corporate Members, with more than 7,700 branches, and 5,550 REC represent 3,750 Corporate Members, with moreProfessionals. Individual Members within the Institute of Recruitment than 7,700 branches, and 5,550 Individual Members within the Institute of Recruitment Professionals. Individual Members within the Institute of Recruitment Professionals. In 2011, because of the proposals of the Government to abolish the Overseas Domestic In 2011, because of the proposals of the Government to abolish the Overseas Domestic In 2011,Visa, REC did a survey on impact on the employers ifthe Overseas Domestic Worker because of the proposals of the Government to abolish the ODW Visa will be Worker Visa, REC did a survey on impact on the employers if the ODW Visa will be Worker Visa, REC did a survey positively that it willemployers if the ODWeffect to their abolished. Employers responded on impact on the have a huge negative Visa will be abolished. Employers responded positively that it will have a huge negative effect to their abolished.and work. responded positively that it will have a huge negative effect to their family life Employers family life and work. family life and work.
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(iv) Methodology (iv) Methodology (iv) Methodology I used two different methodologies: In carrying out my survey
In carrying out my survey I used two different methodologies: In carrying out my survey I used two different methodologies: 1. One on one interviews 1. One on one interviews 1. One on one interviews 2. Focus Group 2. Focus Group 2. Focus Group AN interview can be a face but generally a AN interview can be a face but generally a AN interview can be a face to gain/ explore asked a series of questions but generally a asked a series of questions to gain/ explore asked a series of confidential. gain/ explore information that is questions to information that is confidential. information that is confidential. one to one to one to a point a point a point one interaction where a research one interaction where a research one interaction where a research of view and gather more in-depth of view and gather more in-depth of view and gather more in-depth some some some 8 -12 8 -12 8 -12 some some some
A focus group is a group discussion led by an interviewer/moderator with A focus group is a group discussion led by an interviewer/moderator with A focus group is a group discussion led by an interviewer/moderator with questions/ prompts to explore a groups point of view. The participants, ideally questions/ prompts to explore a groups point of view. The participants, ideally questions/ prompts to explore a groups point of selected participants, share participants, share ideas and opinions. They are view. Thebecause they ideally participants, share ideas and opinions. They are selected because they share participants, as they are and opinions. They attribute suchshare ideas all Domestic workers. are selected because they share attribute such as they are all Domestic workers. attribute such as they are all Domestic workers.
The interview was appropriate because it allowed 121 interactions and the interviewer The interview was appropriate because it allowed 121 interactions and the interviewer The interview was appropriate becausethey are here, how they spend their interviewer asking questions about their lives, why it allowed 121 interactions and the money it asking questions about their lives, why they are here, how they spend their money it asking questions about their lives,issues thatare here, be appropriate fortheir money it allowed me to explore confidential why they may not how they spend a focus group. allowed me to explore confidential issues that may not be appropriate for a focus group. allowed me to explore confidential issues that may not be appropriate for a focus group. The focus group allowed debate and lots of ideas to come out in a short space of time. It The focus group allowed debate and lots of ideas to come out in a short space of time. It The focusan appropriate tool becauselots of a DW and they out in willing to talk to me and was also group allowed debate and I am ideas to come were a short space of time. It was also an appropriate tool because I am a DW and they were willing to talk to me and was also an appropriate tool because I am a DW and they were willing to talk to me and trusted. trusted. trusted. In the one on one interview I was able to gain a lot of information from those whom I In the one on one interview I was able to gain a lot of information from those whom I In the one on one interview I was new legislation lot of information from those whomof interviewed specifically on how the able to gain a would impinge on the life and work I interviewed specifically on how the new legislation would impinge on the life and work of interviewed specifically on in the UK. The interviewees were very on theand shared how migrant domestic workers how the new legislation would impinge open life and work of migrant domestic workers in the UK. The interviewees were very open and shared how migrant domestic workers in the UK.present employers. were very open and shared how they manage in their work with their The interviewees They talked about the benefit of they manage in their work with their present employers. They talked about the benefit of they manage in their work with their present employers. They talked about the benefit of being able to change employer as each of them had bad experiences with the employer being able to change employer as each of them had bad experiences with the employer being able to them to the UK. They alsoof them had bad experiences with the employer who brought change employer as each shared how they felt the new legislation would who brought them to the UK. They also shared how they felt the new legislation would who brought them to the the They also shared how they home. I found this system a impact on their life here inUK. UK and also on their family atfelt the new legislation would impact on their life here in the UK and also on their family at home. I found this system a impact on their life here in the UK and also on their family at home. I found this system a
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good way of getting specific information and I was happy to see how open my fellow good way of getting specific information and I was happy to see how open my fellow good way workers were with information challenge for me to see how open my fellow domestic of getting specific me. The and I was happy was in finding the time to domestic workers were with me. The challenge for me was in finding the time to domestic the participants with also in The challenge for me was in Ifinding it interesting interview workers were and me. arranging for the interviewees. found the time to interview the participants and also in arranging for the interviewees. I found it interesting interview thethe workers with also in arranging for the interviewees. I found itwith and to to see how participants and good employers were easier to communicate interesting to see how the workers with good employers were easier to communicate with and to to see how time off so with could interview were Whereas, those who with and to arrange the the workers that I good employers them. easier to communicatehad strict or arrange the time off so that I could interview them. Whereas, those who had strict or arrange the time off so that I could interview them. Whereas, those who had strict or harsh employers found it difficult to ask for the time off, even though it may have been harsh employers found it difficult to ask for the time off, even though it may have been harsh employers employer wanted ask at home. their day off, if thefound it difficult to themfor the time off, even though it may have been their day off, if the employer wanted them at home. their day off, if the employer wanted them at home. With the Focus Group, in one sense it was easier as I was able to organise the group at With the Focus Group, in one sense it was easier as I was able to organise the group at With the Focus Group, in one sense I was easier very willing to share their experiences one of the Sunday meetings. Again, it found them as I was able to organise the group at one of the Sunday meetings. Again, I found them very willing to share their experiences one in fact Sunday meetings. Again, I found was coming in at one time.their experiences and of the sometimes too much information them very willing to share They all wanted and in fact sometimes too much information was coming in at one time. They all wanted and in fact sometimes quieter information was coming in at one time. They when the to share and even thetoo muchones in the group were encouraged to share all wanted to share and even the quieter ones in the group were encouraged to share when the to share and even The challenge in the group try and keep notes of what when the others were talking.the quieter onesfor me was to were encouraged to share each one others were talking. The challenge for me was to try and keep notes of what each one others were I had The challenge for me was try and maintain order in the each At was sharing.talking. to be very disciplined and toto try and keep notes of what group.one was sharing. I had to be very disciplined and to try and maintain order in the group. At was sharing. I had to to very to the issues I to try and maintain But felt at the end of times I found it difficult be keep disciplined andneeded answers to. orderI in the group. At times I found it difficult to keep to the issues I needed answers to. But I felt at the end of times I found it difficult tothat I hadthe issues I needed answers to. But I felt at the end of the focus group session keep to gained good information from the participants. the focus group session that I had gained good information from the participants. the focus group session that I had gained good information from the participants.
(v) Ethical considerations (v) Ethical considerations (v) Ethical considerations conscious that I was working with migrant domestic In carrying out the survey I was very
In carrying out the survey I was very conscious that I was working with migrant domestic In carrying out the survey I was very conscious that that there were different domestic workers of different nationalities. I was aware I was working with migrant levels of workers of different nationalities. I was aware that there were different levels of workers of different nationalities. I was aware that there to be very particular and understanding in speaking and writing in English and so I had were different levels of understanding in speaking and writing in English and so I had to be very particular and understanding in speaking and writing in EnglishI and so I had to be very and that they make sure that the interviewees knew what was asking of them particular and make sure that the interviewees knew what I was asking of them and that they make sure the questions to the bestknew what I was asking of them and that they understood that the interviewees of their ability. understood the questions to the best of their ability. understood the questions to the best of their ability. I was also aware of the cultural differences in the group and was sensitive to that when I was also aware of the cultural differences in the group and was sensitive to that when I was also aware of the cultural differences in the group The was sensitive to of various and group consists that when interviewing and when managing the focus group. interviewing and when managing the focus group. The group consists of various interviewing and whenkept that in mind focus working with them. The group consists of various religions and none so I managing the when group. religions and none so I kept that in mind when working with them. religions and noneform kept that in participants working with them. to take part. Through I used a consent so I where the mind when gave their consent I used a consent form where the participants gave their consent to take part. Through I used a consent form where the participants gave their consent to take part. Through this I explained the research. this I explained the research. this I explained the research.
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I told the participants what they told us would be confidential. This is very important to I told the participants what they told us would be confidential. This is very important to I told the participants what they told want their name published as is very important to protect the DWs. Some of them didntus would be confidential. This they dont want their protect the DWs. Some of them didnt want their name published as they dont want their protect the to know their of them didnt want their nameall of the research is anonymised. employers DWs. Some names/ to find out. Therefore published as they dont want their employers to know their names/ to find out. Therefore all of the research is anonymised. employers to know their names/ to find out. Therefore all of the research is anonymised. The data and information was protected as I have ensured it was securely stored with The data and information was protected as I have ensured it was securely stored with The data and information was protected recording. We also agreed that we can use all J4DW. We didnt use names even in this as I have ensured it was securely stored with J4DW. We didnt use names even in this recording. We also agreed that we can use all J4DW. We didnt use names even in this advocacy work.also agreed that we can use all the data whenever we need it for J4DWs recording. We the data whenever we need it for J4DWs advocacy work. the data whenever we need it for J4DWs advocacy work.
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Chapter 2: Research findings Chapter 2: Research findings Chapterfindings are as follows: findings domestic workers I interviewed 12 of 2: Research out of the 14 My research
My research findings are as follows: out of the 14 domestic workers I interviewed 12 of My research findings are as follows: out of the 14 domestic workers I salaries; they pay them worked for professional employers. These employers earn huge interviewed 12 of them worked for professional employers. These employers earn huge salaries; they pay them worked for professional and spend money employers earn huge salaries; they pay tax and national insurance employers. These in the UK. They are free to do this tax and national insurance and spend money in the UK. They are free to do this tax and national insurance and spend money inlook after their children andto do this because they have domestic workers who live-in, the UK. They are free do all the because they have domestic workers who live-in, look after their children and do all the because they have thus freeing the employer to look afterto work. household chores domestic workers who live-in, go out their children and do all the In my survey I household chores thus freeing the employer to go out to work. In my survey I household chores these freeing the employer to go out to work. migrant domestic discovered that in thus 14 households 30 children are cared for by In my survey I discovered that in these 14 households 30 children are cared for by migrant domestic discovered Ithat in identified the duties carried out by the domestic migrant domestic workers. also these 14 households 30 children are cared for by workers include: workers. I also identified the duties carried out by the domestic workers include: workers. cooking,identified the duties carriedminding and domestic workers include: cleaning, I also ironing, gardening, child out by the this includes helping the cleaning, cooking, ironing, gardening, child minding and this includes helping the cleaning,with their school work and takingchild minding and this includes helping dog. children cooking, ironing, gardening, them to and from school, and walking the the children with their school work and taking them to and from school, and walking the dog. children with their school work a day. Most of them worked school, and walking the dog. They worked from 8-13 hours and taking them to and from overtime, some without pay. They worked from 8-13 hours a day. Most of them worked overtime, some without pay. Theyin the survey were working part-time. of them worked overtime, some without pay. Two worked from 8-13 hours a day. Most Two in the survey were working part-time. Two in the survey were working part-time. How their money is spent: How their money is spent: How their moneythespent: domestic workers I interviewed send from 250 - 1000 I discovered that is migrant I discovered that the migrant domestic workers I interviewed send from 250 - 1000 I discovered that the migrant domestic workers educate, pay for health care needs and home each month. This money is used to feed, I interviewed send from 250 - 1000 home each month. This money is used to feed, educate, pay for health care needs and home each month. their families in used home countries. pay forUK the care needs and in general support This money is their to feed, educate, In the health money is spent in general support their families in their home countries. In the UK the money is spent in general support their families in their home countries. In the UK the money is spent on rent, food, clothing, transportation etc. on rent, food, clothing, transportation etc. on rent, food, clothing, transportation etc. My husband is politician in my home village in Indonesia, we dont want corruption so My husband is politician in my home village in Indonesia, we dont want corruption so My husband enough; through my domestic work in the UK, I managed to build 2 salary is not is politician in my home village in Indonesia, we dont want corruption so salary is not enough; through my domestic work in the UK, I managed to build 2 salary is in my home through my domestic work in education and I also to build 2 Nurseries not enough; town for the poor children to havethe UK, I managed have fruits Nurseries in my home town for the poor children to have education and I also have fruits Nurseries which all these could help to employ people in education and I also have fruits plantation in my home town for the poor children to have my village. plantation which all these could help to employ people in my village. plantation which all these could help to employ people in my village. Back home in India, my husband work for a very low salary not enough for us to Back home in India, my husband work for a very low salary not enough for us to Back home in help my husband work for a very low salary not enough for us to survive, I have toIndia, out for better living and education of my children. survive, I have to help out for better living and education of my children. survive, I have to help out for better living and education of my children. I used to be an office worker in Philippines, it maybe professional job but salary is not I used to be an office worker in Philippines, it maybe professional job but salary is not I used to be an office worker to work abroad. maybe professional job but salary is not enough for our living so better in Philippines, it enough for our living so better to work abroad. enough for our living so better to work abroad.
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In Nigeria, I used to have tailor shop but it collapsed, I need to support my family so no In Nigeria, I used to have tailor shop but it collapsed, I need to support my family so no In Nigeria, I becausehave tailor shop be enough to sustain forto support my family so no other choice used to no job that can but it collapsed, I need our living. other choice because no job that can be enough to sustain for our living. other choice because no job that can be enough to sustain for our living. The multi-national aspect: The multi-national aspect: The multi-national aspect: The employers in my survey come from the Far East, the Middle East, West Africa and The employers in my survey come from the Far East, the Middle East, West Africa and The employers in my survey come from the Far East, Far Middle East, West Africa and Latin America. The domestic workers come from the the East, Latin America and Latin America. The domestic workers come from the Far East, Latin America and Latin America. The domestic workersworkers make the necessary sacrifice living and African countries. All of the domestic come from the Far East, Latin America and African countries. All of the domestic workers make the necessary sacrifice living and African in the UK All of the domestic workers make the and support their families. workingcountries. mainly because they can earn money necessary sacrifice living and working in the UK mainly because they can earn money and support their families. working in the UK mainly because they can earn money and support their families. At the age of 15, I was forced to work in a garment factory 13 hours a day 6 days a At the age of 15, I was forced to work in a garment factory 13 hours a day 6 days a At the age of 15, I was forced 4 a week. garment factory 13 hours a day 6 father week. My salary was less than to work in a Life became even harder when mydays a week. My salary was less than 4 a week. Life became even harder when my father week. My salary1995. less than 4 see sunlight in the factory. I felt like when my father passed away in was I didnt even a week. Life became even harder a slave trapped passed away in 1995. I didnt even see sunlight in the factory. I felt like a slave trapped passed awaywith no way to escapesee sunlight infamily would Istarve if I didnt work. In in a building in 1995. I didnt even because my the factory. felt like a slave trapped in a building with no way to escape because my family would starve if I didnt work. In in a building with no way to very ill. I couldntmy family would starve if I didnt work. In 2000, my mother became escape because afford her hospitalization, so in 2003 I 2000, my mother became very ill. I couldnt afford her hospitalization, so in 2003 I 2000, my mother became very ill. I couldnt afford her hospitalization, so inwas the decided to work abroad as a domestic worker. I went to Dubai because this 2003 I decided to work abroad as a domestic worker. I went to Dubai because this was the decided to work abroadjob in another country. I worked to Dubai becausethere,was the fastest way to secure a as a domestic worker. I went for a good family this but the fastest way to secure a job in another country. I worked for a good family there, but the fastestwere to secure a job in another country. I worked for a the UK but just two years hours way long for only 180 a month. In 2004, I came to good family there, but the hours were long for only 180 a month. In 2004, I came to the UK but just two years hours my mother for only 180 a Imonth. In my employer to let me go home, but she later, were long passed away. begged 2004, I came to the UK but just two years later, my mother passed away. I begged my employer to let me go home, but she later, my She saidpassed was no I need for my employer to let me go my mother was refused. mother there away. begged me to go home because home, but she refused. She said there was no need for me to go home because my mother was refused.dead. All I could do was cry. already She said there was no need for me to go home because my mother was already dead. All I could do was cry. already dead. All I could do was cry. Determine to give my children the decent living which they deserved, I came upon to Determine to give my children the decent living which they deserved, I came upon to Determine to give my children the decentprovidewhich they deserved, life and a better choose between family and a job that will living my children a better I came upon to choose between family and a job that will provide my children a better life and a better chooseItbetween family difficult job that will provide my leave my family behind inasearch future. was the most and a and painful decision to children a better life and better future. It was the most difficult and painful decision to leave my family behind in search future. It was the most difficult and painful decision unsure ofmy family behindawaits me for a decent job in a foreign land where I was even to leave what kind of life in search for a decent job in a foreign land where I was even unsure of what kind of life awaits me for a decent job in a foreignI land where I of. I even unsure of what kind of life awaits me but this was the only way could think was could hear my children cried as I walked but this was the only way I could think of. I could hear my children cried as I walked but this was the only way I ears, with tears Iincouldeyes I my children cried as with love away from them, I shut my could think of. my hear open my heart filled I walked away from them, I shut my ears, with tears in my eyes I open my heart filled with love away from them,children that theywith never in my eyes I open my heart filled with love and hope for my I shut my ears, will tears be starve and they will never suffer the way and hope for my children that they will never be starve and they will never suffer the way and hope for my children that they will never than I expected, I will never suffer the the I did. Living in a foreign land was far difficult be starve and theycould hardly swallowway I did. Living in a foreign land was far difficult than I expected, I could hardly swallow the I did. Living in a foreign landwithout my children. At expected, I could hardlyifswallow the food; it was very hard living was far difficult than I first I wasnt even sure I would be food; it was very hard living without my children. At first I wasnt even sure if I would be food; it was this hard door but the only thing I At first wasnt even sure if I would be safe behind very close living without my children. knew atI that time I need to survive no safe behind this close door but the only thing I knew at that time I need to survive no safe behind this close door but the only thing I knew at that time I need to survive no
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matter how difficult, lonely and frightening the life could be, I had to survive. Days, matter how difficult, lonely and frightening the life could be, I had to survive. Days, matter how years passed by, no frightening the life could the emptiness survive. Days, months and difficult, lonely and one and nothing could fill be, I had to in me of living months and years passed by, no one and nothing could fill the emptiness in me of living months and years passed by, no one and nothing couldwasthe emptiness in me of living away from my family but again I left with no choice. Life fill tough and can be cruel with away from my family but again I left with no choice. Life was tough and can be cruel with away from my family but again I leftwages continue Life was tough and can behome,with the rise of unemployment and low with no choice. to strike the people back cruel the the rise of unemployment and low wages continue to strike the people back home, the the of of unemployment and low wages continue materials continue back home, the rise riseexporting manpower instead of goods and to strike the people as well, settling rise of exporting manpower instead of goods and materials continue as well, settling rise home seems I could find no answer. backof exporting manpower instead of goods and materials continue as well, settling back home seems I could find no answer. back home seems I could find no answer. Existing Findings research on Employers hiring MDWs in recruitment agency: Existing Findings research on Employers hiring MDWs in recruitment agency: Existing Findings research on Employers hiring MDWs fields of employers and their This findings show the importance of MDWs in the work in recruitment agency: This findings show the importance of MDWs in the work fields of employers and their This that allow them to do their own job and in the employment employers and their familyfindings show the importance of MDWsalso thework fields of trust that grow within family that allow them to do their own job and also the employment trust that grow within family that allow them to do relationship with the employment and the problems they an employee and employertheir own job and also the employment trust that grow within an employee and employer relationship with the employment and the problems they an employeeGovernments remove the overseas domestic worker visa. problems they would face if and employer relationship with the employment and the would face if Governments remove the overseas domestic worker visa. would face if Governments remove the overseas domestic worker visa. The REC has conducted a survey in conjunction with several recruitment agencies that The REC has conducted a survey in conjunction with several recruitment agencies that The REC has conducted a survey to assess the impact it would have of the removal of provide non-EU domestic workers in conjunction with several recruitment agencies that provide non-EU domestic workers to assess the impact it would have of the removal of provide non-EU domestic workers andassess the impactto would havenon-EUremoval of overseas domestic workers visa to the alternatives it employing of the Domestic overseas domestic workers visa and the alternatives to employing non-EU Domestic overseas workers. domestic workers visa and the alternatives to employing non-EU Domestic workers. workers. - 61.5 percent of clients use a domestic worker on nanny/housekeeper role. - 61.5 percent of clients use a domestic worker on nanny/housekeeper role. - 61.5 percent of clients use a domestic worker on nanny/housekeeper role. - 34.6% believe that this appoint will last 4-6 years, whilst 30.2% expect that the - 34.6% believe that this appoint will last 4-6 years, whilst 30.2% expect that the - 34.6% believebe with them for 2-4 years. 4-6 years, whilst 30.2% expect that the candidate will that this appoint will last candidate will be with them for 2-4 years. candidate will be with them for 2-4 years. - 65.3% believed that not employing a domestic worker on a domestic worker - 65.3% believed that not employing a domestic worker on a domestic worker - 65.3% believed that not employing a domestic worker on a domestic worker visa would affect their lives badly. visa would affect their lives badly. - visa would affect their lives badly. their home life badly. 76.9% believed that this would affect - 76.9% believed that this would affect their home life badly. - 76.9% believed that this would affect their family life badly. - 76.9% believed that this would affect their home life badly. - 76.9% believed that this would affect their family life badly. - 76.9% explained how would affect their family life badly. - 84.6% believed that thisthey use a domestic worker to help care for a family - 84.6% explained how they use a domestic worker to help care for a family - 84.6% explained how they use a domestic worker to help care for a family worker. worker. worker. If they were unable to employ a worker on domestic worker visa 30.7% said they If they were unable to employ a worker on domestic worker visa 30.7% said they If they stop or reduce their hours of work on work and worker visa 30.7% said they would were unable to employ a worker at domestic while 30.7% said they would would stop or reduce their hours of work at work and while 30.7% said they would would stophire reduce national. attempt to or an EU their hours of work at work and while 30.7% said they would attempt to hire an EU national. attempt to hire an EU do clients see on a non-EU worker on domestic worker visa? What advantages national. What advantages do clients see on a non-EU worker on domestic worker visa? What advantages do clients see on a non-EU worker on domestic worker visa?
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Cultural differences often mean they have a different work ethic and can have Cultural differences employers space in the home. more respect for the often mean they have a different work ethic and can have Cultural differences employers space in the home. more respect for the often mean they have a different work ethic and can have more respect far the employers space in the of household duties and in caring They have for training in every aspect home. They havewe simply cannot every aspect of household duties and in caring profession, far training in every aspect of household duties and in caring They havewe simply cannot get non-EU Workers to do such a good job and with profession, far training in get non-EU Workers to do such a good job and with such dedication. profession, we simply cannot get non-EU Workers to do such a good job and with such dedication. such dedication.willing to split the role between the household and children for They are more They areI more employed split the citizens and they do object in doing household instance. more willing to split the role between the household and children for They areI have willing to non-EU role between thedo object in doing household instance. therefore not as appropriate and flexible household and children for chores andhave employed non-EU citizens and they to our needs, instance. I therefore not as appropriate and flexible do object in doing household chores andhave employed non-EU citizens and they to our needs, chores andreally specifically appropriate and flexible to our needs, Marie by far We didnt therefore not as want a non-EU nanny/housekeeper but We the best person for the want a non-EU nanny/housekeeper but Marie by far was didnt really specifically job and we made the right decision as she is great We the best person for the want a non-EU nanny/housekeeper but Marie by far didnt really specifically wasfor our son and very caring. and we made the right decision as she is great fun the best person for the job and we made the right decision as she is great wasfor our son and very caring. job fun fun for our son andhave been in the family for so long that they are a part of it. very caring. It is because they It is because they have been in the family for so long that they are a part of it. It is because they have been in the family for so long time housekeeper/nanny Since my wife developed MS, we have needed a full that they are a part of it. to Since myher and our 8 years old twins. We have only time housekeeper/nanny an look after wife developed MS, we have needed a full time housekeeper/nanny to once a person who was to Since my wife developed MS, we have We look after who applied years job, and needed a full EU citizenher and our 8 for theold twins. due have only once medical problem they to undisclosed a person who was an look after who applied years job, and We to undisclosed a person who was an EU citizenher and our 8 for theold twins. due have only once medical problem they left after 2 days. EU after 2 days. left citizen who applied for the job, and due to undisclosed medical problem they left after 2 days. Reference: Domestic Workers Visa Survey Results by Recruitment and Reference: Domestic Workers Visa Survey Results by Recruitment and Reference: Domestic Workers Visa Survey Results by Recruitment and Employment Confederation ( REC ). Employment Confederation ( REC ). Employment Confederation ( REC ). Migrant workers 'help UK economy' Migrant workers 'help UK economy' Migrant workers 'help UKthere were 1.5m foreign workers in the UK A report last year claimed economy' A report last year claimed there were 1.5m foreign workers in the UK A report last year claimed there were 1.5m foreign with their the UK Migrant workers have boosted the UK economy, workers in influx not having a Migrant workers have boosted the UK economy, with their influx not having a Migrant effect on employment the UK economy, with their influx negativeworkers have boostedor wage levels, the TUC has argued. not having a negative effect on employment or wage levels, the TUC has argued. negative workers made a positivewage economic contribution, it said, with their Foreign effect on employment or net levels, the TUC has argued. Foreign workers made a positive net economic contribution, it said, with their Foreign tax paid made a positive net economic contribution, it share of workers exceeding the cost of supplying public services. said, with their share of tax paid exceeding the cost of supplying public services. share of tax paid exceeding the cost of supplying public services. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6766003.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6766003.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6766003.stm
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Chapter 3: Discussion Chapter 3: Discussion Chapter 3: Discussion brought in the UK by employers so they are not All migrant domestic workers have been
All migrant domestic workers have been brought in the UK by employers so they are not All migrant domestic Based on my survey, employers could do their so they are not taking anybodys job.workers have been brought in the UK by employers respective jobs taking anybodys job. Based on my survey, employers could do their respective jobs taking anybodys job. Based on my survey, employers could do their respective look because of the domestic workers who can look after their children, household and jobs because of the domestic workers who can look after their children, household and look because of the domestic workers who can when after their children, household and local after the elderly as well. They are there look employers need them unlike for look after the elderly as well. They are there when employers need them unlike for local after the elderly as too have to are there when own family so they couldnt adapt local British nanny, they well. They look after their employers need them unlike for to a British nanny, they too have to look after their own family so they couldnt adapt to a British nanny,they can be available any time the employers so they couldnt adapt to a situation that they too have to look after their own family need them so thats where situation that they can be available any time the employers need them so thats where situation thatdomestic workers filled any time the this job market where so thats where the migrant they can be available the gaps in employers need them they are much the migrant domestic workers filled the gaps in this job market where they are much the migrant domestic workers filled enjoy theirin this job market where theyand family. needed to allow others to work and the gaps social life even having work are much needed to allow others to work and enjoy their social life even having work and family. needed topairs do this work as well but they come to the UK to havingthe language and Some Au allow others to work and enjoy their social life even study work and family. Some Au pairs do this work as well but they come to the UK to study the language and Some Au pairsnormally work as well but they come to the UK to study thebabysitting and culture. They do this just help out with some light house work and language but culture. They normally just help out with some light house work and babysitting but culture. be treated as family members with some light house work given babysitting but should They normally just help out of the family and should be and pocket money should be treated as family members of the family and should be given pocket money should bethey couldntfamily members of of employers of should be given pocket money therefore treated as provide the needs the family and full time domestic workers. therefore they couldnt provide the needs of employers of full time domestic workers. therefore they couldnt provide the needs of employers of full time domestic workers. According to the existing survey by the Recruitment and Employment Confederation that According to the existing survey by the Recruitment and Employment Confederation that According to the existing survey by the Recruitment and Employment Confederation that majority of employers used domestic workers on overseas domestic worker visa majority of employers used domestic workers on overseas domestic worker visa majority of employers used domestic workers various tasks domestic worker visa because they are more experienced, adaptable to on overseas and flexible to the time because they are more experienced, adaptable to various tasks and flexible to the time because they are more experienced, adaptable continue totasks and flexible to the time they need them. MDWs allow them to work and to various enjoy social life even having they need them. MDWs allow them to work and continue to enjoy social life even having they need them. MDWs allow special loving and caring attitude towards even having children. They also have the them to work and continue to enjoy social life children and children. They also have the special loving and caring attitude towards children and children. They also have the special loving and caring attitude towards children and family. family. family. A report published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC), migrant Workers contribute to A report published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC), migrant Workers contribute to A report published by the haven't caused mass unemployment or held down wages to the British economy, they Trades Union Congress (TUC), migrant Workers contribute as the British economy, they haven't caused mass unemployment or held down wages as the British economy, they haven't caused mass unemployment or to take low paid jobs some would have us believe. But that doesnt mean they are willing held down wages as some would have us believe. But that doesnt mean they are willing to take low paid jobs some would have they should But that and exploited they that willing to take low paid jobs and are flexible, us believe. abuse doesnt mean and are more need to be done to and are flexible, they should abuse and exploited and that more need to be done to and are flexible, they should protect the exploited migrant more need to be done to recognize this contribution andabuse and vulnerableand that workers. recognize this contribution and protect the vulnerable migrant workers. recognize this contribution and protect the vulnerable migrant workers.
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How their money is spent: How their money is spent: How their money is spent: for their families so most of their salaries spent on their MDWs left and work abroad MDWs left and work abroad for their families so most of their salaries spent on their MDWs left and work abroad for their familiesclothes, education and there are also their families need such as food, housing, medical, so most of their salaries spent on who families need such as food, housing, medical, clothes, education and there are also who families need suchbecome an entrepreneur. Their children managed there are schooling have successfully as food, housing, medical, clothes, education and to finish also who have successfully become an entrepreneur. Their children managed to finish schooling havebecome university scholars who in turned are professional workers in their home and successfully become an entrepreneur. Their children managed to finish schooling and become university scholars who in turned are professional workers in their home and Part of university scholars who the UK are professional workers in their home land.become their salary also spent inin turnedto pay Tax, NI and to buy their personal land. Part of their salary also spent in the UK to pay Tax, NI and to buy their personal land. Part ofalso for those who areinlive-out they pay rent and to buy theirthey also the UK to pay Tax, NI and for live-in personal needs and their salary also spent needs and also for those who are live-out they pay rent and for live-in they also needs and also for for week end live-out is sometimes pay rent those who arestay. Thistheyapay rent circumstance to they also normal and for live-in domestic sometimes pay rent for week end stay. This is a normal circumstance to domestic sometimes pay rent for week end stay. Thisprovide for their families and give them workers but their dedication and sacrifice to is a normal circumstance to domestic workers but their dedication and sacrifice to provide for their families and give them workers but their priority. Their sacrifice is provide for better living and give them better living is theirdedication andremittance to not just for atheir families for their families better living is their priority. Their remittance is not just for a better living for their families better living is their priority. Their remittanceas not just for a better living for their families but for the economy of their home countries is well. but for the economy of their home countries as well. but for the economy of their home countries as well. The Multi-national aspect: The Multi-national aspect: The Multi-national aspect: in my survey come from different countries. MDWs are Both employers and MDWs Both employers and MDWs in my survey come from different countries. MDWs are Both employers andsupport theirmy survey come from allow employers to their work. working in the UK to MDWs in family needs and they different countries. MDWs are working in the UK to support their family needs and they allow employers to their work. working in the UK to support their family needs and they allow employers to their work. My survey and all other related finding shared similar results that MDWs have special My survey and all other related finding shared similar results that MDWs have special My survey and all otherisrelated finding they do contribute to the global economy.special place in the market and essential and shared similar results that MDWs have place in the market and is essential and they do contribute to the global economy. place in the market and is essential and they do contribute to the global economy.
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Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 (i) Conclusions

(i) (i) Conclusions Conclusions
1. The MDWs do contribute to global economy through their remittances to their 1. The MDWs do contribute to global economy through their remittances to their 1. respective home countries to global economy through their remittances to their The MDWs do contribute which provide their families a decent living and also respective home countries which provide their families a decent living and also respective home countriescountry provideThey spent part of their salary in thealso keep the economy of their which afloat. their families a decent living and UK keep the economy of their country afloat. They spent part of their salary in the UK keep thetheir own personalcountry afloat. They spent part of their salary in thelivethrough economy of their things, they are also renting rooms for those who UK through their own personal things, they are also renting rooms for those who livethrough whenown personal things, they are alsoand travelling allowance. who liveout and their they are off in the weekend, food renting rooms for those out and when they are off in the weekend, food and travelling allowance. out and when they are off in the weekend, food and travelling allowance. 2. 2. 2. MDWs are not taking British jobs, when they come to the UK they are employed MDWs are not taking British jobs, when they come to the UK they are employed MDWs employers who brought when they come to the UK according to the by the are not taking British jobs, them via ODW Visa and they are employed by the employers who brought them via ODW Visa and according to the by the employers who brought them viathey employ MDWs according to are employers themselves in the REC Survey, ODW Visa and because they the employers themselves in the REC Survey, they employ MDWs because they are employers themselves according to their needs employallow them to do their are flexible and adaptable in the REC Survey, they which MDWs because they job flexible and adaptable according to their needs which allow them to do their job flexible and adaptable according to their needs which allow them to do their job and have social life. and have social life. and have social life. MDWs seldom avail benefits because they could support themselves. This also MDWs seldom avail benefits because they could support themselves. This also MDWs seldom avail rights and protection they can improve and contribute also proved that given thebenefits because they could support themselves. Thismore proved that given the rights and protection they can improve and contribute more proved that given the rights which was shown as evidence byand contribute more to the society and economy and protection they can improve members of J4DW. to the society and economy which was shown as evidence by members of J4DW. to the society and economy which was shown as evidence by members of J4DW. MDWs do not affect Net migration a study by Kalayaan claims that only 5% of MDWs do not affect Net migration a study by Kalayaan claims that only 5% of MDWs do not the UK, based on figures from Kalayaan claims that only 2010ODW settle in affect Net migration a study by the UK Border Agency for 5% of ODW settle in the UK, based on figures from the UK Border Agency for 2010ODW Furthermore, migrant on figures from account for Agency for total 2011. settle in the UK, baseddomestic workersthe UK Borderonly 0.5% of20102011. Furthermore, migrant domestic workers account for only 0.5% of total 2011. Furthermore,settlement. UK Government shouldnt for only 0.5% of total applications for UK migrant domestic workers account forget the protection of applications for UK settlement. UK Government shouldnt forget the protection of applications for offered to the most vulnerable domestic workers protection of the OVDW VisaUK settlement. UK Government shouldnt forget theand a worker the OVDW Visa offered to the most vulnerable domestic workers and a worker the OVDW Visa status to opens to abuse and exploitation. without rights andoffered arethe most vulnerable domestic workers and a worker without rights and status are opens to abuse and exploitation. without rights and status are opens to abuse and exploitation.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. Importance of overseas domestic worker visa it affords to MDWs that it is the 5. Importance of overseas domestic worker visa it affords to MDWs that it is the 5. Importance of overseas domestic worker visa it affords to MDWsallow it is the single most important protection that saves lives the MDWs and that them to single most important protection that saves lives the MDWs and allow them to single again and prevents further more exploitation MDWs traffic victims, to rebuildmost important protection that saves lives theas in the and allow themthe rebuild again and prevents further more exploitation as in the traffic victims, the rebuild again and prevents further more exploitation as in the traffic victims, the
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Visa does not only protect them but also recognize them as proper workers as Visa does not only protect them but also recognize them as proper workers as Visa doesworkers. The ODW Visa also recognize them as proper workers as they are not only protect them but also shows the vulnerability of Domestic they are workers. The ODW Visa also shows the vulnerability of Domestic they are in diplomatic household compare to thethe vulnerability of in private Workers workers. The ODW Visa also shows domestic workers Domestic Workers in diplomatic household compare to the domestic workers in private Workers in diplomatic of movement and rights as domestic household with freedomhousehold compare to the workers. workers in private household with freedom of movement and rights as workers. household with freedom of movement and rights as workers.
Recommendations Recommendations Recommendations

In this research, I would like to make the following recommendations In this research, I would like to make the following recommendations In For the Government like to make the valuable recommendations 1. this research, I would to recognize the following contribution of migrant 1. For the Government to recognize the valuable contribution of migrant 1. For the Government economy and society. domestic workers to to recognize the valuable contribution of migrant domestic workers to economy and society. 2. domestic sending and host countries to protect and improve the living and For both workers to economy and society. 2. For both sending and host countries to protect and improve the living and 2. working conditionsandMDWs. For both sending of host countries to protect and improve the living and working conditions of MDWs. working conditions of MDWs. 3. For UK Government to restore all rights of MDWs with the Overseas 3. For UK Government to restore all rights of MDWs with the Overseas 3. For UK Government to including right to of MDWs with the and settlement and Domestic Worker Visa restore all rights change employer Overseas Domestic Worker Visa including right to change employer and settlement and Domestic Worker Visa including right to in diplomatic household extend these rights to domestic workers change employer and settlement and extend these rights to domestic workers in diplomatic household extend Government to ratify and implement the ILO Convention 4. For UK these rights to domestic workers in diplomatic household 189 on the 4. For UK Government to ratify and implement the ILO Convention 189 on the 4. For UK Government to ratify and implement the ILO Convention 189 on the rights of domestic workers. rights of domestic workers. rights of domestic workers. 5. For Funders to finance the advocacy work of J4DW. 5. For Funders to finance the advocacy work of J4DW. 5. J4DW also provides practical help and support to MDWs in destitution and For Funders to finance the advocacy work of J4DW. J4DW also provides practical help and support to MDWs in destitution and J4DW also provides provide education. practical help and support to MDWs in destitution and provide education. provide up research 6. A follow education. to see the effect of the new law on overseas domestic 6. A follow up research to see the effect of the new law on overseas domestic 6. A follow up research to see employersof theeconomy.on overseas domestic worker visa both to MDWs, the effect and new law worker visa both to MDWs, employers and economy. worker visa both to MDWs, employers and economy.
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(iii) The strengths and limitations of research (iii) The strengths and limitations of research (iii) The strengths and limitations of research
I dont have to worry of anything because of J4DW and our fellow members willing to I dont have to worry of anything because of J4DW and our fellow members willing to I dont have to worry of anything because help. I was able to fellow members willingmy participate. And all our supporters ready to of J4DW and our enhance and improve to participate. And all our supporters ready to help. I was able to enhance and improve my participate. though our supporters ready to help. I was manyto enhance and improve my knowledge And all I am a domestic worker there are able of new information I found knowledge though I am a domestic worker there are many of new information I found knowledge though Ihad many experience asthere in running of new information I found out. We may have am a domestic worker well are many our own organization and out. We may have had many experience as well in running our own organization and out. Wewith the problems we faced in J4DW but putting all this in research project is one dealing may have had many experience as well in running our own organization and dealing with the problems we faced in J4DW but putting all this in research project is one dealing with the problems we I have shortage putting all this in research project is my big challenge especially that faced in J4DW but in vocabulary but I am happy that one big challenge especially that I have shortage in vocabulary but I am happy that my big challenge especially that I have shortage in vocabulary but I am happy that my mentor and supporters are there to help and correct my work. mentor and supporters are there to help and correct my work. mentor and supporters are there to help and correct my work. For me its a total new learning experience of higher education that can be very useful in For me its a total new learning experience of higher education that can be very useful in For me its a of J4DW and to me as well. hope this research will can the Government the advocacy total new learning experienceI of higher education that help be very useful in the advocacy of J4DW and to me as well. I hope this research will help the Government the Public to recognize the contribution of hope this research will help the Government and advocacy of J4DW and to me as well. I migrant domestic workers and through us in and Public to recognize the contribution of migrant domestic workers and through us in and Public to set a good example that of migrant domestic workers and through us in J4DW we canrecognize the contribution providing us the rights and freedom as workers J4DW we can set a good example that providing us the rights and freedom as workers J4DW we can set could example that providing us the rights and in our society both and humans, we a goodactually do more and contribute widely freedom as workers and humans, we could actually do more and contribute widely in our society both and humans, we could actually do more and contribute widely in our society both national and international. national and international. national and international. In a future study, I would have more focus groups, more questions in interview, longer In a future study, I would have more focus groups, more questions in interview, longer In a future study, Iitwould have more researchers to help, gain more funding, focus groups do nationally, more focus groups, more questions in interview, longer focus groups do it nationally, more researchers to help, gain more funding, focus groups do it nationally, more researchers to help, gain more funding,
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Bibliography Bibliography Bibliography
Piper, N (2007)Enhancing the Migration Experience: Gendering Political Advocacy and Piper, N (2007)Enhancing the Migration Experience: Gendering Political Advocacy and Piper, N (2007)Enhancing the Migration Experience: Gendering Political Advocacy and Migrant Labour in Southeast and East Asia, PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G Migrant Labour in Southeast and East Asia, PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G Migrant Labour in Southeast and East Asia, PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G 3H9 3H9 3H9 Justice 4 Domestic Workers Website (2012) [online] Available at: < Justice 4 Domestic Workers Website (2012) [online] Available at: < Justice 4 Domestic Workers Website (2012) [online] Availableuntil< http://www.j4dw.org/> [accessed multiple times from October at: June 2012] http://www.j4dw.org/> [accessed multiple times from October until June 2012] http://www.j4dw.org/> [accessed multiple times from October until June 2012] Migrants Rights Network Website (2012) [online] Available at: Migrants Rights Network Website (2012) [online] Available at: Migrants Rights Network Website [accessed multiple times from October until June 2012] http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/ (2012) [online] Available at: http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/ [accessed multiple times from October until June 2012] http://www.migrantsrights.org.uk/ [accessed multiple times from October until June 2012] Kalayaan Website (2012) [online] Available at: < http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/> [accessed Kalayaan Website (2012) [online] Available at: < http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/> [accessed Kalayaan Website (2012) [online]June 2012] < http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/> [accessed multiple times from October until Available at: multiple times from October until June 2012] multiple times from October until June 2012] Lalani, M (2011) Ending the Abuse, Policies that work to protect domestic workers, Lalani, M (2011) Ending the Abuse, Policies that work to protect domestic workers, Lalani, MKalayaan London, (2011) Ending the Abuse, Policies that work to protect domestic workers, London, Kalayaan London, Kalayaan Wittenburg, V (2008), The impact of proposed changes to the UK immigration system on Wittenburg, V (2008), The impact of proposed changes to the UK immigration system on Wittenburg, V (2008), The impact ofKalayaan and Oxfam the UK immigration system on migrant domestic workers, London, proposed changes to migrant domestic workers, London, Kalayaan and Oxfam migrant domestic workers, London, Kalayaan and Oxfam
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Appendices Appendices Appendices
Focus group questions discussion Focus group questions discussion Focus group questions discussion 1. Why did you decide to work abroad? 1. Why did you decide to work abroad? 1. Why did you decide to work abroad? 2. Is there demand in the market for domestic workers? Can the au pairs or 2. Is there demand in the market for domestic workers? Can the au pairs or 2. locals replace domesticmarket for domestic workers? Can the au pairs or Is there demand in the workers? locals replace domestic workers? locals replace domestic workers? 3. Do you contribute to the economy? Why? 3. Do you contribute to the economy? Why? 3. Do you contribute to the economy? Why? 4. Are you taking benefits? What kind of benefits? 4. Are you taking benefits? What kind of benefits? 4. Are you taking benefits? What kind of benefits? Interview Questionnaire Interview Questionnaire Interview Questionnaire 1. What is the job of your employer? 1. What is the job of your employer? 1. What is the job of your employer? 2. How many hours do they work? 2. How many hours do they work? 2. How many hours do they work? 3. How many children do they have? 3. How many children do they have? 3. How many children do they have? 4. What are your role and responsibilities as domestic worker? 4. What are your role and responsibilities as domestic worker? 4. What are your role and responsibilities as domestic worker? 5. How many hours do you work? 5. How many hours do you work? 5. How many hours do you work? 6. How do you spend your salary? 6. How do you spend your salary? 6. How do you spend your salary? 7. Where are you from? 7. Where are you from? 7. Where are you from? 8. Do you like to live and work in the UK? 8. Do you like to live and work in the UK? 8. Do you like to live and work in the UK? 9. Do you pay NI and Tax? 9. Do you pay NI and Tax? 9. Do you pay NI and Tax? 10. If overseas domestic worker visa abolished, what will you do? 10. If overseas domestic worker visa abolished, what will you do? 10. If overseas domestic worker visa abolished, what will you do?
26 26 26
J4DW performed their own poetry at Birkbeck, J4DW performed their own poetry at Birkbeck, University of London, after workshop with US Poet J4DW performed their own poetry at Birkbeck, University of London, after workshop with2012. and journalist Mark Nowak on May 27, US Poet University of London, after workshop with2012. and journalist Mark Nowak on May 27, US Poet and journalist Mark Nowak on May 27, 2012.
J4DW at the launch Event of ESOL NEXUS Project with J4DW at the launch Event of Hall Hotel, June 17, 2012. British Council at Kingsway ESOL NEXUS Project with J4DW at the launch Event of Hall Hotel, June 17, 2012. British Council at Kingsway ESOL NEXUS Project with British Council at Kingsway Hall Hotel, June 17, 2012.
27 27 27
Africa Educational Trust and Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Africa Educational Trust and Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Africa Educational Trust and Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Africa EducationalTrust and Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Africa Educational Trust and and Evelyn Africa Educational Trust and Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Africa Educational Trust Evelyn Oldfield Unit, 2012 Unit, 2012

The Contribution Migrant Domestic Workers Make To The Global Economy

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The Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant The ContributionMigrant The Contribution Migrant The Contribution Migrant The

2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012 2011-2012

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

Contents Page Contents Page Contents Page

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Chapter 1:

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 (i) Conclusions

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Recommendations Recommendations Recommendations

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

Bibliography Bibliography Bibliography

Appendices Appendices Appendices

Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon Zaida T. Cenzon

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